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In this paper, I argue that there are a number of ethical issues facing college and professional athletes that admit of a unified treatment: viewing athletes as workers. By worker, I mean an agent who sells their labor for compensation. With this notion of worker in place, I present and discuss arguments for four claims: not paying college athletes is morally wrong; that the N.C.A.A. infringes on the right of college athletes to collectively bargain; that it is prima facie wrong to draft and trade professional athletes; and that fans fail to respect athletes’ right to strike when they complain about labor stoppages in professional leagues. I argue that sports fans and members of sports media should explicitly conceive of athletes as workers to recognize and prevent these wrongs. I conclude by suggesting that all with an interest in the welfare of labor have an interest in conceiving of athletes as workers, as it puts what is owed to all workers into stark relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We sought to identify worker groups with high prevalence of unmet mental health needs to inform employer benefits programs and outreach to increase access to care. Methods: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study to understand unmet mental health needs among workers since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic using the California Health Interview Survey data from 2013 to 2021. Results: In 2021, 23.4% (confidence interval: 22.4 to 24.4) reported unmet mental health needs, an absolute increase of 3.9% from 2019. Relative increases were highest among workers in the information industries (prevalence ratio: 1.89, confidence interval: 1.4 to 2.5) and older workers (prevalence ratio: 1.27, CI: 0.9 to 1.8). Increases in needing help were not met with comparable increases in seeking care. Conclusions: Unmet mental health needs increased for California workers during the pandemic. Employers should dedicate resources and implement strategies to increase access to care and promote worker well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Take-home exposures occur when workers accidentally bring workplace contaminants home. Regular job responsibilities may expose construction workers to lead, which extends to their households via the take-home pathway. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate 2 educational sessions addressing take-home lead exposure tailored to construction workers and their families. Educational materials on take-home lead exposure and prevention strategies were designed following guidance from US government institutions and experts on construction work, lead exposure, and educational interventions. The educational materials were pilot-tested with construction workers and their family members during in-person or online sessions in English or Spanish. Changes in knowledge of take-home lead exposure were assessed through pre- and post-testing and open-ended feedback was collected from both participants and session facilitators. The study sample comprised 44 participants, including 33 workers and 11 family members. Among all participants, 81% were male, 46% were Hispanic or Latino, and the average age was 29 years. Post-test scores (µ = 93%, SD = 10%) were higher than pre-test scores (µ = 82%, SD = 19%), and younger participants (<30 years) were more likely to have a lower pre-test score compared to older participants (≥30 years). Overall, feedback from participants and facilitators was positive, indicating appropriate duration, appealing visuals, and ease of engagement through the training activities. Effective public health education for lead-exposed construction workers and their families is needed to reduce lead exposure disparities, especially among children of workers. Interventions must recognize that take-home exposures are not isolated to occupational or home environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of University of Health Sciences Journal of Nursing is the property of Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Legal Medicine / Adli Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study compared the effectiveness of N95 FFRs in providing respiratory protection for healthcare staff in a residential aged care facility (RACF) and tertiary teaching hospital (TTH) who had previously passed their occupational respiratory protection program fit test. A total of 126 healthcare workers who were regularly using N95 FFRs and who had previously passed a fit test participated in this comparative study. In this study, participants were again fit tested with the PortaCount machine, and their self-assessed tolerability of wearing an N95 FFR was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. The main outcome measures included the pass rate of the fit test and the assessment of tolerability and comfort of the N95 FFR. Across all participants, the fit test pass rate was low (27%), indicating persistent gaps in respiratory protection programs for healthcare workers during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital workers were 3.7 times more likely to pass the test compared to their counterparts in RACFs (p < 0.001). It was also found that workers in RACFs reported higher levels of discomfort and overall dissatisfaction with N95 FFRs compared to hospital staff. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and improvements in respiratory protection practices beyond annual fit testing, particularly in RACFs, to ensure the safety of healthcare workers and the vulnerable population they serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks into the effectiveness of the authorisation procedure as a regulatory instrument within the framework of the European REACH regulation. It highlights its impact on enhancing occupational safety and health for both applicants and companies utilising the substances. This procedure encompasses manufacturers, importers, and downstream users of substances, as well as representatives of foreign manufacturers who are also eligible to seek authorisation. When applying for authorisation, the ECHA Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) assesses the risks associated with the intended uses of the substance, including the appropriateness and effectiveness of the Occupational Conditions (OCs) and Risk Management Measures (RMMs) described in the application and the risks posed by potential alternatives. If the RAC determines that the OCs/RMMs are inadequate for managing or controlling the risk, or if the measures to protect workers are deemed insufficient, it may recommend additional measures to enhance occupational safety and health or environmental protection. The 398 processed Applications for Authorisation (AfA) that have been submitted to date were examined to determine these recommended measures, categorised as Conditions for use, Monitoring arrangements, and Recommendations for Review Reports. Overall, a significant improvement concerning occupational safety and health seems necessary, as indicated by the large number of measures recommended by the ECHA Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) and ECHA Committee for Socio-economic Analysis (SEAC) or supplemented by the European Commission. In addition to the proposed measures, a short assessment provided by the committees as to whether the operational conditions and risk management measures are adequate in controlling the risks is also included in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The main objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the association between trichloramine (TCA) exposure and respiratory health effects in swimming pool workers. Methodology In this study, air sampling was performed for TCA concentrations at fixed locations (static measurements) and on individual workers (personal measurements) in six indoor public swimming pools during periods of high swimmer attendance over the winter school break. Health effects were evaluated using questionnaires and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) tests performed before and after the working day. Results In these swimming pools, the environmental TCA concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.88 mg/m³. Worker exposure ranged from 0.05 to 0.72 mg/m³ for personal measurements. Furthermore, in each swimming pool, the average worker exposure to TCA exceeded the recommended occupational exposure limit of 0.35 mg/m³. Personal TCA measurements were consistently lower than static measurements performed around the pool, with a reduction ranging from 21% to 49%. This can be explained by the time that the workers spend in the pool area, office, and break room. The most common respiratory health effects self-reported by the workers were coughing, shortness of breath, and sneezing with prevalence rates of 38%, 37%, and 35%, respectively. This study demonstrated an association between TCA exposure and eye irritation. Analysis of the FENO tests revealed that individuals with preexisting asthma or allergies exhibited sustained FENO elevation. Conclusion The findings suggest that occupational exposure to TCA in indoor swimming pools is a matter of concern. Implementing and improving workplace safety measures is crucial for safeguarding the respiratory health of swimming pool workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Silence in the context of work has different meanings across different settings. Turbulence induced by the privatisation of previously state‐owned enterprises presents a curious setting to explore worker silence. Turning to worker silence in the process of mass privatisation of sugar factories in Turkey, we examine why workers remained silent while resenting privatisation. We reflect on the experiences and perceptions of workers in the privatisation of sugar factories in an unregulated neoliberal country, where macro‐national and meso‐institutional mechanisms enforce worker silence Drawing on 48 interviews with workers from sugar factories, we demonstrate that worker silence deepened in the process of privatisation. The study provides evidence that an unregulated form of neoliberalism worsens worker silence through three distinct mechanisms: dismissal of democratic demands, marketisation of everything and decline of solidarity. We extend these mechanisms with 13 different corresponding forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Worker fatalities is a concept that encompasses all deaths occurring during the execution of a profession, which is undertaken to sustain a person’s livelihood, due to the physical and psychological effects of the work. The aim of this study is to examine various parameters in cases aged 65 and over, aiming to reveal the level, form, and causes of occupational accidents and fatalities in the geriatric population. Through this, the study aims to contribute to the literature by shedding light on the exposure level, form, and causes of occupational accidents and fatalities among the geriatric population. Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 cases of work-related deaths among the population aged 65 and over in Turkey in 2020, which were reported in the national print and visual media. Results: Of the examined 86 worker fatalities, it was found that 77.9% (n=67) were in the age range of 65-74 years, 88.4% (n=76) of the cases were male, and accidents were the leading cause of death in 72.1% (n=62) of cases. When examined in terms of location distribution, it was found that 43.0% (n=37) occurred in rural areas. Conclusion: In our country, the number of individuals in the geriatric population participating in the workforce is higher compared to developed countries. Consequently, occupational fatalities among the geriatric workforce are also higher. Policies implemented in Europe and America for the aging workforce should be observed, and regular health check-ups should be ensured.

One of the most distinguishing features of labour law is the existence of a category of legal acts considered autonomous sources of law. Although not adopted by public authorities, they establish general and abstract norms regulating various labour-related issues and are secured by a complex system of sanctions. The legal effects of autonomous acts must be confronted with the normative model of sources of law. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland has established numerus clausus of sources of law. None of the autonomous sources of labour law are mentioned as a part of the constitutional legal system. The article presents the Polish system of sources of law and clarifies constitutional grounds for creating the normativity of collective agreements and employer’s regulations as autonomous acts.

ObjectiveOccupational health (OH) documentation has traditionally been separate from health system electronic health records (EHRs), but this can create patient safety and care continuity challenges. Herein, we describe outcomes and challenges of such integration including how one health system managed compliance with laws, regulations, and ethical principles concerning digital privacy.MethodsOccupational health integration with the enterprise EHR at the University of California San Diego Health was started in June 2021 and completed in December 2021.ResultsIntegrating with the enterprise EHR allowed for a secure telehealth system, faster visit times, digitization of questionnaires medical clearance forms, and improved reporting capabilities.ConclusionsIntegration and interoperability are fundamental building blocks to any OH EHR solution and will allow for evaluation of worker population trends, and targeted interventions to improve worker health status.

The three honey bee phenotypes - queens, workers, and drones differ in the size and shape of body parts. We used a large dataset to describe how the three phenotypes differed with regard to fore wings and applied the methodology of geometric morphometrics to measure the wings using the coordinates of nineteen landmarks. On average, queens had wings larger than workers, but the two castes had a broad overlap. Drones, on the other hand, had distinctly larger wings. Wing shape differed markedly among queens, workers and drones and can be used to reliably differentiate them from one other. Surprisingly, the fore wing shape of workers was more similar to that of drones than to that of queens. Small queens were not more similar to workers than large queens, and large workers were not more similar to queens than small workers. Because wing size, unlike body mass, does not change over the life of the queen, it can be used to evaluate the quality of a queen throughout its life and not only during a short period after emergence. We provide a large number of wing images of queens and drones, which can be used as a reference in future studies.

BackgroundShoemaking industry workers are prone to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to long-term awkward postures during the work process. There is little research on the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs in the knee region of this industry, and it should be taken seriously. ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of work-related knee pain among shoemaking workers and analyze the related influencing factors. MethodsA total of 6982 shoemaking workers were selected from 26 shoemaking factories in Guangdong, Hubei, Fujian, Chongqing, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Jingxi by convenience sampling. Prevalence of work-related knee pain in past year, demographic characteristics, occupational related factors, and work posture were collected by a cross-sectional survey using the electronic version of Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors that may lead to work-related knee pain.ResultsThis survey collected 6982 valid questionnaires with a recovery rate of 98.3%. The prevalence of work-related knee pain of shoemaking workers in the past 12 months was 13.0% (908/6982). According to the results of logistic regression analysis, compared with workers with less than 5 years of service, workers with 5-10 years of service (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.45) and more than 10 years (1.53, 95%CI: 1.27, 1.83) showed a higher risk of knee WMSDs; sometimes, often and very frequent (reference : rarely or never) long-term standing (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.64; OR=2.67, 95%CI: 2.10, 3.39; OR=2.75, 95%CI: 2.08, 3.63) and sometimes, often and very frequent (reference: rarely or never) long-term squatting or kneeling (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.47, 2.21; OR=2.43, 95%CI: 1.58, 3.75; OR=3.22, 95%CI: 1.66, 6.24) increased the risk of knee pain: long-term bending (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.34, 1.89) and often repeated movement of lower limbs and ankles (OR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.75) were also risk factors for knee WMSDs among shoemaking industry workers (P

Twelve Communist trade union leaders from nine nations in the prosperous post-war period are compared, on the basis of an in-depth Belgian example, in an attempt to define their common theoretical profile. Five major analogies, from family origins to the end of their careers, offer a hypothetical look at the militant career of twelve workers with little schooling who fought major socio-political conflicts with their factory workers and took on major responsibilities at the head of their union and party, not without encountering numerous problems and internal tensions. This analysis provides a glimpse into the ethos of a particular type of trade unionist and the environment that led them to surpass themselves and break through the glass ceiling of social reproduction, without betraying the aspirations and values of their class.

Abstract Background While the link between non-standard work schedules and poor health outcomes is established, few studies have examined how resources both in and outside of work can support the well-being of workers with non-standard work schedules. Methods Using a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the association between one facet of well-being, life satisfaction, and job and personal resources. In 2019, an electronic survey was administered to two unionized, public service populations who work non-standard work schedules: transportation maintainers and correctional supervisors. We assessed life satisfaction with a 10-item scale; a broad set of job resources (reward satisfaction, supervisor support, co-worker support, schedule satisfaction, and working hours fit); and a broad set of personal resources (health status, sleep, physical activity, and finances). We used log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals among statistically significant univariate predictors. Results Of the 316 workers surveyed, the majority were male (86%), White (68%), and reported positive life satisfaction (56%). In multivariate models, the prevalence of positive life satisfaction was higher in workers reporting reward satisfaction (PR:1.35, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.65; p = 0.003), good work schedule fit (PR:1.43, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83; p = 0.004), good health (PR:2.92, 95% CI: 1.70, 4.99; p

Occupational health and safety (OSH) is crucial for sustainable development, recognized by corporations, the European Union, and Sustainable Development Goals. This study introduces a characterization model for OSH in the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) to support the quantification of OHS along product supply chains and sustainable decision making. The characterization model aims to provide a practical approach for assessing OHS at the product level with actual working hours or recommends a secondary approach with monetary data, when working hours are unavailable, to calculate the Occupational Health and Safety Potential (OHSP). The developed model was tested in a theoretical case study on shirt production in Europe and globally. The case study shows that the European shirt value chain resulted in higher OHSP values than the global shirt values chain. In addition, the model shows which life cycle stages and organizations highly contributed to the OHSP results. In both approaches, the shirt production stage contributed highly. Differences in results emerged based on the calculation approach, underscoring the model's versatility, because increasing the complexity of calculating the CFs with monetary values will affect the results based on sectorial monetary output. Additionally, the study mentions benefits to the operationalization of social impact assessment and limitations when the developed characterized model is employed. Last, this study aids in offering a tool for organizations to meet the demands of the new Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive by quantifying and publicizing OHS data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production planning and control are critical to project success. They are conventionally understood as linking planning and production by coordinating tasks prior to installation work. However, research has highlighted workers as autonomous and decentralized planners of installation work, which challenges conventional management perspectives. Performing task-level planning and control requires resources and effort, reducing the time spent on installation work. This study explores workers' planning practices by examining the use of higher-level plans and other information sources and by analyzing workers' information needs and the factors determining them. A survey of Finnish construction workers was conducted. The results show that some workers prefer planning tasks before arriving at the construction site, while others prefer planning tasks during on-site work preparation. Trade- and crew-specific factors influence planning earlier or later and determine the extent to which centralized and decentralized sources and practices are used. Decentralized sources and practices are most often used to meet workers' information needs, although centralized sources and practices are also used. These findings may help construction stakeholders better understand the information sources and practices used by workers. Thus, task planning and control activities can better meet workers' information needs, allowing for more time for installation work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seed processing workers are exposed to dust particles generated during the processing of seeds, which can have adverse effects on their respiratory health. Aim: to estimate the prevalence and patterns of respiratory morbidity among seed processing workers in Hooghly district, West Bengal, India, and to explore their use of respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in 5 seed processing plants from December 2022 to February 2023. A sample size of 129 workers was selected using probability proportionate to population size to select seed processing plants and simple random sampling to select workers at selected plants. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, occupational profile, substance use patterns, respiratory PPE use, and respiratory symptoms were collected through structured interviews. Spirometry was performed with a hand held tabletop spirometer (RMS Helios 401) to assess respiratory function. Results: 52.7% of participants reported at least one chronic respiratory symptom, while 17.1% had evident respiratory morbidity based on spirometry results, with most having restrictive patterns (10.1%). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that factors associated with respiratory morbidity included increasing work years of exposure [1.10 (1.02 1.18)], irregular use of respiratory PPE [4.36 (1.22 15.57)], and primary or below education level [6.09 (1.38 26.98)]. Conclusion: The study highlights the high prevalence of respiratory symptoms and morbidity among seed processing workers. It emphasizes the importance of implementing effective respiratory protection measures and raising awareness about occupational lung diseases in this industry. Further research and interventions are needed to improve the respiratory health and well being of seed processing workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether local human capital spillovers can affect plant productivity in three Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries using panel data from the World Bank enterprise survey between 2009 and 2015. According to the literature, spillovers in the form of human capital are critical for economic growth. The spillovers exist if plants can produce more in the region with the abundant number of skilled workers given their inputs. This study uses the augmented Cobb-Douglas production function to evaluate the influence of the non-production worker proportion outside the plant which serves as a proxy for skilled workers. The findings indicate that plant production is impacted by spillovers of human capital. This study finds that a 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of nonproduction workers within a region will enhance the productivity of plants in all regions by roughly 7.1-8.9 percent. Moreover, productivity rises are found to be higher for low-tech plants. According to the economic significance of these spillover effects, the value-added per plant will rise by US$ 330,000 or US$ 866.75 million for the manufacturing sector as a whole. According to the findings, policymakers should encourage plants to provide workers with additional training and raise the level of human capital through education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Educación is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Work is the totality of goods and services that arise as a result of human labor to meet human needs. The main issue to be considered here is time, space and human relations. When the working life in the hunter-gatherer period is evaluated with today's paradigm, it is not based on a certain order or specialization. The emergence of the social conditions that brought about the industrial revolution brought about deep differentiations in working life and gave a new meaning to the concept of work. A new class of blue-collar workers has emerged in Europe. While blue-collar workers were identified with factory labor in the period of their emergence, their names were often associated with production. Factory workers, who were seen as soldiers of the production line, began to be considered as individuals who influenced consumption and industry and redesigned social differentiation in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Workers' depression is an important issue, with the prevalence higher in women than in men. This study aimed to identify the effects of workplace violence exposure and psychosocial working conditions on depressive symptoms in female workers in South Korea. This study included 15 605 female wageworkers who participated in the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Logistic regression analyses were implemented to identify the factors that affected their depression. The female workers reported increased frequency of symptoms of depression when there was humiliating behavior from co-workers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.999) or physical violence from clients (aOR = 1.609). In psychosocial working environments, they reported a greater frequency of depressive symptoms with high quantitative demands (aOR = 1.498), high emotional demands (aOR = 1.085), lower colleague's support (aOR = 1.566), or lack of support from supervisors at the workplace (aOR = 1.707). An emphasis should be put on preventing humiliating behaviors from co-workers as well as violence from clients in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Changes in the sleep-wake cycle in shift workers can cause many health problems. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between daytime sleepiness and sleep quality on balance, physical activity level, fatigue and quality of life in shift and non-shift workers. METHOD: A total of 58 employees, 29 shifts and 29 non-shifts, were included in the study. Data were collected using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Tandem Posture Test, the One-Foot Stand Test, the Ten-Step Tandem Walking Test, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Fatigue Severity Scale, and the Nottingham Health Profile. RESULTS: Individuals working in shifts had higher fatigue severity and daytime sleepiness levels (p < 0.05), while physical activity levels and sleep quality were lower than those working without shifts (p < 0.05). It was determined that as the daytime sleepiness of individuals working in shifts and non-shifts increased, their quality of life decreased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the data obtained from the study, individuals working in shifts compared to individuals working without shifts experienced higher levels of daytime sleepiness and fatigue severity level while sleep quality and physical activity level were lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent research has confirmed the crucial role of social security in promoting social justice. However, despite its significance, these services are sometimes deemed unnecessary by both employers and workers. This can lead to insurance evasion. Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative research method based on grounded theory, during which 14 experts of the Social Security Organization were selected using a purposive sampling technique. These people responded to the main question of the research (identification of the factors affecting insurance evasion) during structured and issue-oriented interviews. Findings: After analyzing the data, the core category was identified as “insurance evasion, short-term profitmaking of stakeholders, and long-term instability in the production of collective good social welfare.” This central phenomenon is influenced by several causal conditions, including “lack of awareness among actors about the benefits of insurance,” “successive waves of economic crises,” “complexity and ambiguity in laws and regulations,” and “the lack of an effective monitoring and evaluation system.” Additionally, the findings revealed that social actors encountering this issue have implemented strategies such as “prioritizing income for the labor force”, “associating labor based on bribery/threats”, and “neglect of insurance benefits”. These strategies have resulted in consequences such as “the challenge of financing the uninsured workforce” and “the gradual and increasing collapse of income/cost of insurance companies”. Discussion: The insurance evasion occurs under the influence of economic and structural factors. The inflation economic crises, and deficiencies in the social security laws regarding the determination of insurance payment and insurance styles affect the performance of capital and labor owners more than any other factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology (CTJPP) / Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi is the property of Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology (CTJPP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of air quality inside residential buildings and constructions on the health of residents and workers has been studied very little in recent years. In the school environment, students are constantly exposed to mixtures of airborne substances from a wide variety of sources both in classrooms and in the school environment. Exposure to such factors of students influences, in the long term, physiological development, dynamics, quality of life, life expectancy, without being aware of the dangers in the air and being able to make decisions on reducing exposure to the risk factor. In the short term, poor air quality in classrooms leads to a decrease in attention and concentration, both for the student and the teaching staff. The research is motivated by the following: a) The lack of data and studies carried out in Romania, and their relationship with the change in student behavior during the school program; b) Laboratories and practice workshops in high schools are totally different from classrooms from the point of view of air quality and internal factors that contribute to pollution due to the equipment and specific, different activities carried out in these spaces. The novelty of this study is brought by the fact that, at the same time as the monitoring and data acquisition of air quality (inside and outside), there will be a monitoring and data acquisition of real-time biometric measurements of the subjects directly exposed to this environment, via a bracelet attached to the subject's arm. This bracelet is designed to perform biometric measurements without disturbing the subjects in the activities in which they are involved. These measurements are made with 9 different sensors for: pulse, blood oxygen (SPO2), air flow (respiration), body temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response (GSR - sweat), blood pressure (sphygmomanometer), patient position/movement, and muscle sensor/electromyography (EMG). The data thus obtained will be centralized on a PC and analyzed later. At the end, an ecological equipment capable of ensuring the ventilation of the space and a constant air quality, by monitoring the values of the compounds in the air, will be created experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: A honeybee colony is a complex aggregate of individuals that behaves as a unified organism regulated by division of labor among worker bees. It is closely related to the chronological and, above all, biological age of the workers. Their biological age can be estimated using biomarkers. The objective of this study is to monitor changes in these biomarkers (hypopharyngeal gland size, total hemolymph protein content) during the season in relation to worker age. Both biomarkers showed seasonal impacts in workers when their age was known. We aimed to clarify whether the worker nest distribution was age-dependent with a chronological/biological aspect; therefore, we analyzed workers in relation to their in-hive positions. The biologically younger ones of the same age were positioned predominantly in upper position and vice versa. Their total hemolymph protein content was significantly higher compared to those positioned below, and a strong total hemolymph protein content correlation was observed between them. Moreover, an in-hive, downward shifting mechanism was noticed as workers aged. Therefore, we propose a setup of starters and mating hives for young bees, preferably from the honey chamber. For the whole-colony condition estimation, according to physiological analyses of its workers, it is essential to sample workers whose age is known. Storage of diluted hemolymph samples before performing an assay is feasible if necessary, without the risk of changing the protein content within a month. A honeybee colony, as a super-organism, is regulated through age-polyethism. A honeybee worker's age is considered by means of a chronological and biological approach. The biological age is estimated with physiologically related biological markers, e.g., total hemolymph protein content (THP) and hypopharyngeal gland size (HGs), which also vary seasonally. Contemporary insights into the age-related spatial workers' distribution within the hive nest space regarding biological age are insufficiently clarified. This study aimed to monitor changes in selected physiological markers during the entire season in relation to worker age and their spatial position in the hive nest. THP content and HG size analysis was performed in nine colonies for the entire season to compare the physiological markers within and among the groups of the workers whose ages were known and sampled in different hive parts. Seasonal impact on the biomarkers' development was confirmed in known-age workers. In the case of HGs, this impact was the most apparent in 4- and 5-week-old workers. For THP, the seasonal impact was the most obvious in 2-week-old workers. The highest THP was found in 1- and 2-week-old workers during the entire season. Biologically younger workers of the same age were located predominantly in upper hive parts consistently throughout the year and vice versa. These workers showed significantly higher THP in comparison with those sampled below. Regarding the chronological age, the downwards, spatially shifting mechanism of workers within the hive nest while they aged was characterized. We recommend storage of diluted hemolymph samples up to one month before performing an assay if necessary. The physiological context, relation to division of labor and benefits for beekeeping practices are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Working from home (WFH) may affect health behaviors and mental health. The coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic saw many US employees transition to WFH, which has persisted in various job sectors and significantly impacted employees. However, its effects on health outcomes have remained unclear. We aimed to explore the characteristics and health outcomes of, and health‐related differences between, WFH and not‐WFH groups. Methods: Using the 2021 California Health Interview Survey data, we analyzed health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, and fruit‐related nutrition) and the mental health status of 12,438 individuals using descriptive statistics, Pearson's χ2 test, and regressions. Results: A total of 39% were WFH and 61% were not‐WFH. Overall, the WFH group had worse health behaviors and mental health than the not‐WFH group. Age was associated with smoking in both groups (WFH: b = 0.37; not‐WFH: b = 0.35), but with fruit‐related nutrition only in the WFH group. Household income and occupation were associated with alcohol consumption in both groups. Age (WFH: b = −1.58; not‐WFH: b = −1.39), household income (WFH: b = −0.75; not‐WFH: b = −0.34), and job duration (WFH: b = −0.34; not‐WFH: b = −0.40) were associated with mental health in both groups; those who were younger and had lower household incomes and job durations had worse mental health. Conclusion: Health management is a clear necessity for the WFH group. Irrespective of WFH status, young workers with shorter than 5 years' job duration reported mental distress, highlighting a need for distress assessment and management for the young workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of trade unions in the labour market is currently a hot topic in Vietnam as there is a plan to transition from a single state-led union system to a new system that allows the participation of some types of independent unions. This study provides the first evidence on the links between union coverage and workers' welfare utilising a Vietnamese national representative dataset. An instrument variable technique is applied for estimation. Using cross-sectional data, the study finds that union coverage negatively affects both sexes in terms of earnings and labour supply while positively affecting their participation in social insurance. However, the effects disappear for women in terms of earnings and for both sexes in terms of labour supply when investigating the non-state sector. The study also shows some important results using panel data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the first 20 high-priority chemical substances selected by USEPA to undergo risk evaluation as part of the Toxic Substances Control Act, as amended by the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act of 2016 is 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD). Because much of the literature related to occupational exposure to 1,3-BD is associated with the use of the substance in synthetic rubber production and few data have been published for exposures to 1,3-BD manufacturing workers, existing industrial hygiene data collected at facilities where the substance is manufactured or processed as a reactant were compiled and analyzed. The dataset was comprised of personal air samples collected between 2010 and 2019 at facilities located throughout the United States and was compiled into a single database using a uniform data collection template. Data designated by the companies as full-shift were stratified by job group and one of three operational conditions of the workplace: routine, turnaround, and non-routine. Data designated by the companies as short-term and task-level were stratified by task description, sample duration, and operational condition. The final aggregated database contained a total of 5,676 full-shift personal samples. Mean concentrations of 1,3-BD for the job groups ranged from 0.012 ppm to 0.16 ppm. High-end estimates of 1,3-BD air concentrations for the job groups under routine operations ranged from 0.014 ppm to 0.23 ppm. The aggregated database also included 1,063 short-term and task-level personal samples. For short-term samples (< =15 min), mean concentrations ranged from 0.49 ppm to 3.9 ppm, with the highest concentrations observed for the cleaning and maintaining equipment tasks. For task samples with durations greater than 15 min, mean concentrations ranged from 0.49 to 3.6 ppm, with the highest concentrations observed for the unloading and loading task. In addition to the personal air sampling records, information on the use of PPE during various tasks was compiled and analyzed. This data set provides robust quantitative air concentration data and exposure control information for which occupational exposures to 1,3-BD in the Manufacturing and Processing as a Reactant condition of use can be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While new species of termites are described every year, the description of species distant from every known termite species is rare. In this paper, we describe one such species, Engelitermes zambosp.n., an African Termitidae belonging to an entirely new lineage of termites for which we create a new subfamily, Engelitermitinae subfam.n. The subfamily status of Engelitermitinae was supported by termite phylogenetic trees, including sequences from the four existing samples of E. zambosp.n., which, albeit with low bootstrap supports, placed Engelitermesgen.n. on a long branch sister to Forficulitermes, the two of which formed the sister group of a clade comprising Cubitermitinae, Nasutitermitinae, Syntermitinae and all other Termitinae. The sister relationship between Engelitermesgen.n. and Forficulitermes is further supported by the similar gut structure of their workers. In contrast, the soldiers of Engelitermesgen.n. resemble those of Cephalotermes. Our phylogenetic analyses, including all clades of Termitinae, call for a global taxonomic revision of the Termitinae subfamily names. Finally, our study highlights that new unique termite lineages are still awaiting to be described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to formulate an interview assessment scale that can objectively evaluate the effects of an interview, using the Expanding Sense of Mission Scale, and verify its reliability and validity. We devised a draft of a 34-item interview assessment scale, based on past research, conducted a questionnaire survey targeting full-time employees, and analyzed 105 subjects. Based on our results, we developed a scale comprising three subscales and eleven items whose reliability and validity had been secured. The subordinate concepts comprising the scale were “A feeling that one’s work is meaningful,” “Reframing of experiences,” and “Self-awareness abilities. ”The interview assessment scale that we developed can be used by individuals who work in the fields of industrial health and psychology, specifically in connection with mental health and career development, to assess the effects of their interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work-life balance means establishing balance in working, personal, and family life, which constitute the combination of life for a working individual. Balance is a state of well-being, and individuals who can achieve this state of well-being can make positive contributions to their personal life, family life, and working life because balance is an essential factor in health, happiness, and general quality of life. However, today, technological developments, changes in working life, and transformations in individuals' lifestyles make it difficult for the working individual to establish this balance. In parallel with this, the working and private lives of individuals who struggle to maintain work-life balance are negatively affected. In this context, it is a necessity for working individuals to maintain a work-life balance for their well-being, and it is also essential that these individuals are supported by legal regulations and policies developed by the state to ensure their work-life balance. Work-life balance, which has a critical place in today's working life, has been investigated in this study from the perspective of permission policies in Turkey. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the policies aimed at providing work-life balance are unequal regarding permission periods recognized as legal rights between workers and civil servants. In addition, policies for work-life balance are aimed explicitly at providing family-life balance. However, weekly and annual permission periods are genderless and include all employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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IntroductionThe present study examined the prevalence of food insecurity and perceived stress among food system workers relative to other members of the population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also explored perspectives on the role of food system workers during the pandemic and their experiences working during this time.MethodsData were collected via an online survey in spring 2021. The sample was comprised of 441 residents of Vermont, United States, including 41 food system workers.ResultsRegression models identified higher rates of food insecurity and perceived stress among food system workers during the first year of the pandemic. However, these relationships were not maintained when the models were adjusted for income and job disruption, suggesting that the associations were primarily due to the economic vulnerability of food system workers. Most respondents indicated concern for the health and well-being of food system workers, felt that food system workers were undervalued, and agreed that the well-being of food system workers should be prioritized. However, opinions were split regarding whether it was worth the health risk to require farms and food processing plants to stay open to maintain the food supply. Half of food system workers believed that their work had compromised their well-being during the pandemic, although several also identified their jobs as pathways for accessing food.DiscussionThe findings provide valuable information for decision-makers seeking to increase the resilience of the food supply and the food system workforce.