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Shengli Oilfield is a typical continental compound oil and gas area with various reservoir types， many oil-bearing strata， and complex fault systems. It entered the extra-high water cut development stage with a water cut of more than 90% in the early 90s of the 20th century. The basis for enhanced oil recovery in mature oilfields with high water cuts is how to accurately characterize the changes of underground reservoirs and accurately recognize the remaining oil according to different types of reservoirs and development stages. To this end， the oilfield has carried out the fine reservoir description for the remaining oil potential in mature oilfields since 1996. A set of fine reservoir description technologies aligning with Shengli Oilfield characteristics has been formed through breakthroughs in critical technologies such as the fine characterization of reservoir architectures， fine description of low-sequence faults， phase division and connectivity evaluation of glutenites， prediction of thin beach dam sand reservoirs， three-dimensional geological modeling， and the fine description of the remaining oil， as well as multiple rounds of iterations of reservoir description technologies， and the technical specifications of fine reservoir description have been compiled. As of 2023， more than 600 development units have been described， covering 43.6 × 108 t of original oil in place. The modeling technology has been widely used in the adjustment of mature areas and the scheme preparation of new areas， which effectively supports the large-scale production of oilfields and stable production with benefits. This paper systematically analyzed the development process of reservoir description technologies in Shengli Oilfield， summarized the characteristic technologies of different types of reservoirs， analyzed five challenges faced by fine reservoir description in mature oilfields in the late stage of extra-high water cut， and expounded on five development directions of reservoir description technologies in the next step， which had guiding and reference significance for promoting fine reservoir description technologies in continental oilfields.

Objective To analyze the differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the lung tissues of rat model of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) by using microarray analysis in order to provide new clues for molecular mechanism of HAPE. Methods Healthy male SD rats (8 weeks old, weighing 200±20 g) were randomized into normoxia control (NC) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, hypoxia group and hypoxia +low-dose LPS (HL) group. The rats of the LPS group and HL group were injected with 0.1 mL 0.05% LPS per 100 g body weight, and those of the NC group and the hypoxia group were administered with an equivalent volume of normal saline. The rats of the hypoxia group and the HL group were housed in a hypobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 5 000 m, and those of the NC group and the LPS group were raised simultaneously outside of the chamber. The wet/dry mass ratio (WDR) of lung tissue and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and the histopathological changes of lung tissue was observed using HE staining. The total RNA was extracted from the lung tissues, and the mRNA expression profile was obtained with Affymetrix microarray followed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis with Metascape (http://metascape.org). Results The rats of the HL group showed significant congestion, edema, and widened alveolar septa. Compared with the NC group, the HL group had significantly increased lung WDR (P

The γ-linolenic acid (GLA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds, has attracted much attention due to its numerous biological properties. Borage, evening primrose, and blackcurrant are the primary sources of GLA, while algae and fungi constitute the majority of microbial sources. Existing GLA separation and purification technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. A single enrichment method can not meet the requirements for high-purity GLA. The comprehensive use of different methods and the combination of modern separation and extraction technology could be the methods for preparing GLA in the future. Simultaneously, numerous studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of GLA in the body’s metabolism and physiological control, as well as its efficacy in blood lipids, antithrombotic cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. Further research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of action. This review of GLA sources, enrichment methods,metabolic pathways and physiological efficacy in humans could provide theoretical support for GLA as a functional health food for the prevention of multiple chronic diseases.

Objective The MS 6.8 earthquake that struck Luding County, Sichuan Province, on September 5, 2022, and its aftershocks have drawn widespread attention, especially concerning the potential risks of induced seismicity associated with the construction of high-dam reservoirs in regions with high seismic intensity. Previous studies have explored the possible link between reservoirs and seismic activity, without reaching a definitive conclusion. This study aims to assess the impact of water storage in the Dagangshan Reservoir on the surrounding strata and its correlation with recent seismic events. Methods Numerical simulation methods were employed using high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) data, fault data, and reservoir water level information to develop a three-dimensional poroelastic finite element numerical model extending from the surface to a depth of 25 km. By analyzing the hydrogeological conditions, lithology of rock masses, and groundwater dynamic changes, this study evaluated the seismic hazard risk of major faults, such as the Moxi Fault, and calculated variations in Coulomb stress and strata pore pressure at the hypocenter during the occurrence of the earthquake. Results The study indicates that, during the MS 6.8 Luding earthquake on September 5, 2022, the pore pressure at the epicenter reached 5 kPa, and the Coulomb stress increased by 3.6 kPa, suggesting that the impoundment of the Dagangshan Reservoir contributed to an increased risk along the Moxi Fault on the northwestern side of the reservoir. Using the source parameters of the MS 5.6 aftershock that occurred on January 26, 2023, it was observed that the impoundment caused a change in Coulomb stress at the epicenter of -0.69 kPa and a pore pressure of approximately 0.32 kPa. It is evident that the reservoir impoundment had a relatively minor impact on the fault activity where the MS 5.6 aftershock occurred and even exhibited a certain inhibitory effect. Moreover, seismic activity was mainly concentrated in two areas on the western side of the reservoir, with both the seismicity and expected magnitudes in these regions reflecting a higher risk of earthquakes. Conclusion This study demonstrates a correlation between the impoundment activities of the Dagangshan Reservoir and the occurrence of the Luding County earthquake and its aftershocks. The spatial distribution characteristics of the earthquakes align with the geological stress adjustment patterns following the reservoir impoundment, which played a promotive role in the occurrence of the MS 6.8 main shock, leading to an increased risk of earthquakes in the Moxi Fault region. This finding is significant for understanding the mechanisms of reservoir-induced earthquakes, subsequent aftershock analyses, and earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. Significance The results of this study provide new insights into the complex relationship between reservoir water storage and seismic events. This study offers a scientific basis for future assessments of seismic risks of reservoir design and operation, contributing to improved accuracy in earthquake early warnings and efficiency in disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.

The effects of heavy fuel oil and biodiesel blends on engine combustion and emissions were studied in a marine two-stroke diesel engine. The engine was operated under propeller conditions using five different fuels with biodiesel blends of 10% (B10), 30% (B30), 50% (B50), and sulphur contents of 0.467% low sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) and 2.9% high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO). Tests have shown that using a biodiesel blend increases the engine fuel consumption due to its lower calorific value. Heavy fuel oil has a high Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content, which leads to higher exhaust temperatures due to severe afterburning in the engine. A comparison of engine soot emissions under different fuel conditions was carried out, and it was found that the oxygen content in biodiesel promoted the oxidation of soot particles during the combustion process, which reduced the soot emissions of biodiesel. Compared to HSFO, B10, B30, B50 and LSFO, the soot emission concentrations were reduced by 50.2%, 56.4%, 61% and 37.4%, respectively. In our experiments, the soot particles in the engine exhaust were sampled with a thermal float probe. Using Raman spectroscopy analysis, it was found that as the biodiesel ratio increased, the degree of carbonisation of the soot particles in the exhaust became less than that in the oxygenation process, resulting in a decrease in the degree of graphitisation.

In order to improve the quality and reduce the loss of the nutritional content of camellia oil with the traditional press, this paper studied the process of pressing Camellia Oleifera Seeds with 10t/d Twin-Screw Oil Press. The results demonstrated that the best conditions for this article were: 9% moisture content of Camellia Oleifera seed kernels and 8% content of Camellia oleifera seed shell. The oil content of Camellia oleifera seed cake was reduced to 2.49%, and the produced camellia oil could meet the standard of first -class oil. In comparison to the camellia oil sold on the market, the retention rate of α-tocopherol in the camellia oil obtained through this process was higher, and the nutritional value of camellia oil has been further improved, which could provide technical guidance for the high-value processing of camellia oil in China.

Two-stroke, low-speed diesel engines are widely used in large ships due to their good performance and fuel economy. However, there have been few studies of the effects of lubricating oils on the vibration of two-stroke, low-speed diesel engines. In this work, the effects of three different lubricating oils on the vibration characteristics of a low-speed engine are investigated, using the frequency domain, time-frequency domain, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) methods. The results show that non-invasive condition monitoring of the wear to a cylinder liner in a low-speed marine engine can be successfully achieved based on vibration signals. Both the FFT and STFT methods are capable of capturing information about combustion in the cylinder online in real time, and the STFT method also provides the ability to visualise the results with more comprehensive information. From the online condition monitoring of vibration signals, cylinder lubricants with medium viscosity and medium alkali content are found to have the best wear protection properties. This result is consistent with those of an elemental analysis of cylinder lubrication properties and an analysis of the data measured from a piston lifted from the cylinder after 300 h of engine operation.

In order to improve the utilization of olive pomace, single-factor experiments were set up to investigate the effects of the amount of water and olive pomace addition on the quality of bread. Firstly, the basic components of olive pomace were determined. Secondly, the effects of water addition (50%, 52%, 54%, and 56%) on bread quality were investigated. After that, the influence of added olive pomace (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) was also studied. The quality of bread was evaluated by taste, aroma and surface color, while physical properties were analyzed by the texture and the specific volume of bread. Results showed that the quality of bread was the best under the condition of adding 52% of moisture and 10% of olive pomace. With the addition of olive pomace, the specific volume of bread decreased, and the cohesion of bread decreased while the values of hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness increased. considered the appearance, quality, aroma and fiber content of bread, it was thought as the best to add 10% of olive pomace to the bread.

Objective To analyze the relationship between No.12a lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features of upper gastric cancer and to discuss the indications and prognostic significance of lymph node dissection in this group. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 377 patients with upper gastric cancer, to compare the relationship between No.12a lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with upper gastric cancer. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognosis of patients with or without No.12a lymph node metastasis, and Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis and survival of patients with upper gastric cancer. Results Tumor location (lesser curvature side), tumor diameter (≥5.5 cm), degree of differentiation, and T/N/TNM stage were significantly correlated with No.12a lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). After excluding N staging, Cox regression results showed that the degree of differentiation (HR: 0.668, 95%CI: 0.48-0.931, P=0.017) and pTNM stage (HR: 6.319, 95%CI: 4.063-9.828, P < 0.001) were the independent risk factors, but No.12a lymph node metastasis (HR: 1.477, 95%CI: 0.71-3.075, P=0.297) was not an independent risk factor for survival of upper gastric cancer patients. Conclusion No.12a lymph node metastasis does not seem to be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of upper gastric cancer patients. However, the prognosis of patients with No.12a lymph node metastasis is worse than that of patients without No.12a lymph node metastasis. The No.12a lymph nodes should be actively dissected when the tumor is in the following situations: the tumor is located in the lesser curvature, the degree of differentiation is poorly differentiated, and the tumor stage is late (T4, N3, or Ⅱ-Ⅲ stage).

Intelligent perception is the primary link in intelligent coal mining, providing data support for intelligent decision-making and control. Fiber optic sensing technology provides a solution for intelligent perception in coal mining due to its advantages such as high precision, strong anti-interference capability and environmental tolerance, and flexible and diverse network reuse methods. On the basis of studying the principle of optical fiber sensing technology, the sensing information transmission model between fiber grating and the substrate is constructed. The fiber grating packaging technologies of surface pasted type, grooved landfill type, and surface pasted substrate type are proposed. The spectral reconstruction and temperature compensation are studied to ensure high-precision data perception. The high-precision fiber grating borehole stress sensor, bolt stress sensor, bolt force sensor, roof separation sensor, temperature sensor and other intelligent sensing sensors for mining environment are developed. The fiber grating support tilt sensor, support pressure sensor, curvature sensor and other posture sensing sensors for coal mining working face equipment are also developed as well as fiber grating sensor calibration workbench. They are intelligent sensing equipment based on fiber optic sensing technology for the construction of intelligent coal mining faces. Multiple fiber grating sensors are integrated to construct an intelligent multi-parameter perception system based on fiber grating for coal mining environment and working face equipment posture. It solves problems such as the large capacity of multiple sources and heterogeneity of sensing data, difficulty in reusing sensing equipment, and difficulty in networking during coal mining process. A coal mining environmental safety warning and equipment posture decision-making system software is developed. It forms a coal mining safety decision-making system that integrates intelligent 'fiber grating perception - dynamic response - precursor warning - safety decision-making'. The analysis points out that the development of special material fiber optic products suitable for multiple scenarios, packaging technology suitable for coal mining needs, and demodulation instrument hardware that balances precision and cost will help to promote the application of fiber optic sensing technology in information perception in intelligent coal mining.

Abstract Photo‐assisted uranium reduction from uranium mine wastewater is expected to overcome the competition between impurity ions and U(VI) in the traditional process. Here, B‐TiO2@Co2P‐X S‐scheme heterojunction with metal‐oxygen‐hydrogen (M‐O‐H) is developed insitu modification for photo‐assisted U(VI) (hexavalent uranium) reduction. Relying on the DFT calculation and Hard‐Soft‐Acid‐Base (HSAB) theory, the introduction of metal‐oxygen‐hydrogen (M‐O‐H, hard base) metallic bonds in the B‐TiO2@Co2P‐X is found to enhance the hydrophilicity and the capture capability for uranyl ion (hard acid). Accordingly, B‐TiO2@Co2P‐500 hybrid nanosheets exhibit excellent U(VI) reduction ability (>98%) in the presence of competing ions. By self‐consistent energy band calculations and in‐situ KPFM spectral analysis, the formation of the internal electric field between B‐TiO2 and Co2P at the heterojunction is proven, offering a strong driving force and atomic transportation highway for accelerating the S‐scheme charge carriers directed migration and promoting the photocatalytic reduction of uranium. This work provides a valuable route to explore the functionally modified photocatalyst with high‐efficiency photoelectron separation for U(VI) reduction.

Information plays a crucial role in the reform of public physical education courses in colleges and universities. In this paper, we construct a sports health monitoring system for teaching physical education in colleges and universities. Firstly, we derive the heart rate and transmittance oxygen saturation monitoring algorithm using Lambert’s law and the photoelectric volume method, and then design the anti-interference heart rate and oxygen extraction algorithm using a time-varying autoregressive model. To use the time-varying autoregressive model based on multiwavelet basis function expansion, you have to pick the multiwavelet basis functions and guess what the model parameters are. Then, the action recognition module is designed, the static calibration method is used to correct the zero bias of the collected data, the sliding mean filtering method is used to eliminate the random noise, and the data segmentation is performed on the long sequence data. After the system is constructed, its accuracy is checked in four states, and finally, its effect on students’ exercise health is analyzed. It was found that under the four conditions of sitting, standing, walking, and jogging, and comparing with the results of medical pulse oximetry, the maximum error of the heart rate and blood oxygen results monitored by the system in this paper is no more than 3, which is within the acceptable range. The coefficients between the use of the exercise health monitoring system and the enthusiasm for exercise, commitment to exercise, and adherence to exercise health were 0.571, 0.584, and 0.625, respectively, with a significant correlation (p

Dietary habits are particularly important in fitness training, and a scientific fitness diet needs to be formulated according to the fitness user’s situation, fitness goals and exercise volume. In this paper, a multimodal personalized sports nutrition recommendation model incorporating users’ visual preferences is designed to address the important impact of visual features on the task of sports nutrition recommendation. The user’s visual preference is modeled using the Query-Key-Value attention mechanism, which extracts valuable visual information from their historical data and adds it to textual features. In the sports nutrition program generation part, guided by sports nutrition theory and based on the MMFV model, the sports nutrition program generation method was designed. Then, the multi-objective optimization problem of the sports nutrition scheme is planned and modeled, and a calorie-checking mechanism is added to the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm for the problem of calorie intake not meeting the fitness goal. According to the sports nutrition program recommendation algorithm to improve the three meals diets of the gym participants, through the analysis of relevant data to verify the scientificity of the recommended program. The average intake of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C of the fitness participants after the modification increased by 7.4%, 17.77%, 22.33% and 8.46%, respectively, compared with that before the modification. Scapular sebaceous thickness and abdominal sebaceous thickness were reduced by 2.2 mm and 1.47 mm, respectively, compared with the pre-modification period.TC, TG and LDL metabolism were in the normal range, which was significantly different from the pre-modification period (P

The purpose of investigating the carbohydrate exchange method in combination with aerobic exercise for obese college students is to help college students have better bodies to cope with their academic life. This paper introduces the qualitative and quantitative analysis technique based on near-infrared spectroscopy, starting from the analysis of the carbohydrate exchange method, and explains the physical, mathematical, and chemical information bases, respectively. A NIR detection model is constructed using the NIR spectroscopy detection method, and the main evaluation indexes of the model are given. Three experimental groups, namely, carbohydrate exchange method, aerobic exercise, and carbohydrate exchange method combined with aerobic exercise were set up to investigate the physical health interventions for obese college students. In the single test, the FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values of the subjects in the carbohydrate exchange experiment group were reduced by 18.61%, 17.33%, 11.09%, and 18.16%, respectively. The FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values were reduced by 23.42%, 18.84%, 11.62%, and 13.48%, respectively, in subjects in the aerobic exercise experimental group. From the carbohydrate exchange method combined with the aerobic exercise experimental group, the subjects’ FPG, BUN, TC, and HbA1c values were reduced by 28.38%, 22.24%, 11.27%, and 27.4%, respectively, which was a better level of intervention than the single experimental group. Thus, the carbohydrate exchange method combined with aerobic exercise can be an effective intervention for the physical health of obese college students.

To smelt beef tallow by using 1 000 kg as the mass of each sample of beef fat, and the fatty acid composition of the obtained butter including perirenal fat, abdominal fat and segmented fat was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and the volatile flavor components were detected by gas chromatography-olfactory mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). The results showed that the saturated fatty acids (SFA) of the three kinds of beef tallow were mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid, and the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were mainly oleic acid. In addition, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in palmitic acid content among three kinds of beef tallow. Although there were no significant differences in the stearic acid and oleic acid contents between perirenal tallow and belly tallow (P>0.05), there were significant differences in the stearic acid and oleic acid contents between partitioned tallow and waist oil and belly tallow (P

Objective To analyze the risk factors of preoperative lymph node staging (N-stage) deficiency in gastric cancer and establish a preoperative assessment model to assist in predicting preoperative N-stage. Methods A retrospective method was used to analyze the clinicopathological data of 268 patients with gastric cancer. The patients routinely underwent preoperative thin-section enhanced CT to assess preoperative N-stage. Results The risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency were analyzed in combination with postoperative pathological findings. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine influencing factors, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to plot the survival curves of preoperative N-stage accurate group and deficiency group. The nomogram plot and ROC curves of the prediction model were drawn using the R package. AUC, 95%CI, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Results Age, BMI, poor differentiation, and Lauren's classification as diffuse were independent risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency in gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Prognostic survival was significantly worse in the preoperative N stage-inadequate group than that in the accurate group (P=0.041). The AUC area was 0.935, with a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 96.9%. Conclusion Young age, high BMI, poor differentiation, and Lauren's classification as diffuse are independent risk factors for preoperative N-stage deficiency. The established preoperative assessment model based on age, BMI, differentiation degree, and Lauren's classification in this study has relatively high credibility.

Objective: Aiming to obtain the weight of fragrant pear quickly to provide a basis for developing the fragrant pear grading device. Methods: This method acquired RGB-D images of fragrant pear by Kinect camera and converted them into point cloud data. The point cloud data was pre-processed and interpolated to generate a fragrant pear model. Then calculated the size parameter of the fragrant pear model. Finally, using the fragrant pear's volume predicted its weight. Results: Experimental results showed that the average relative error of the volume was 2.8%. Then the volume of fragrant pears was calculated by the error-compensated measurement method of the body scale parameter, and its weight was predicted and compared with the actual weight. The experimental results showed that the average relative error of the predicted weight was 1.96%. Conclusion: The fragrant pear quality prediction method provides a reliable reference for developing fragrant pear grading equipment.

As the primary territories of regional carbon emission and energy consumption, most industrial parks only simply stack technology and policy under the urgent goal of emission reduction and carbon reduction. As a result, certain measures may even have negative impacts. As the primary means to determine the characteristics of carbon emissions in industrial parks, studying the driving factors of carbon emissions and proposing targeted measures can effectively achieve the carbon emission reduction goals. However the mechanism analysis of driving factors of carbon emission in industrial parks is the important means to study the characteristics of carbon emission. The selection of driving factors is many and complicated, and the selection of mechanism analysis methods is different, so it is difficult to have a comparison of research results Based on the quantitative relationship model between carbon emissions and driving factors and the method of action mechanism analysis in industrial parks, this paper evaluates and compares the relevant studies, summarizes their advantages and disadvantages, and makes relevant comments and prospects. For providing reference for the practice of driving factors of carbon emission in industrial parks, and put forward the basis for the research of carbon emission prediction.

How to make fried food more delicious and healthier is the goal that the field of food science is constantly pursuing. The Latest research progress(2019—2022) on the quality of fried food such as flavor, taste (texture), oil absorption and new risk factors was reviewed, and this article also systematically explained the origin, evolution and material relationships of the "wide bell" flavor curve. The physical characterization and influence mechanism of taste (texture) of fried foods were introduced, and the oil absorption mechanism of fried foods and new technologies to reduce oil content were also reviewed. The formation mechanism, detection distribution, potential toxicity and influencing factors of the two risk factors of glycerol core aldehydes and monoepoxy fatty acids during the frying process were also reviewed. This review could provide the reference for the improvement of fried food quality and the control of risk factors.

The potato of the Netherlands shiwu and four edible oils were taken as the research objects, and the effects of oil types on the texture, the kinetic constant of water loss and oil absorption, the spatial distribution of moisture, the crystal structure and microstructure of French fries during the frying process were investigated. The results showed that the surface hardness of fries fried in palm oil and rice bran oil was higher than that of the other two oil. The results of water loss kinetics showed that the surface water loss rate of fries fried in palm oil was the fastest (0.053 6 s–1), followed by rice bran oil (0.027 5 s–1), and high oleic sunflower oil was the slowest (0.021 6 s–1). Magnetic resonance imaging also confirmed this result. X-ray diffraction results showed that the starch-lipid complex content of fries fried in rice bran oil and palm oil was higher than that of the other two. From the results of scanning electron microscopy, it can be seen that the surface of fries fried in palm oil and rice bran oil was more compact than others. In summary, the fast surface water loss, high starch-lipid complex content and surface compactness play an important role in improving the texture of French fries.

The effects of pretreatment combined with different maturing methods (such as blanching, microwaving, etc) and different freezing methods (such as, conventional freezing and ultra-low temperature freezing) on the oil absorption of fried potato strips were compared and analyzed. It was found that compared with blanching combined with conventional freezing pretreatment, changing the blanching to microwave reduced the total oil content of fried potato strips by 15.86%. Changing the conventional freezing to ultra-low temperature freezing reduced the total oil content by 6.09%. Microwaving combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment reduced the total oil content by 20.46%. The results of confocal laser microscope (CLSM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed that, compared with other pretreatment method, microwave combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment produced more VII type starch-lipid complexes in the crust layer of fried potato strips. The surface structure was smooth. The attached oil was less. The internal structure was less damaged. The results of sensory evaluation results showed that microwave combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment improved the quality of fried potato strips and reduced the oil absorption.

The flavor is a decisive sensory characteristic that determines the popularity of French fries (FFs). During high-oleic rapeseed oil (RO) frying, the flavor development of FFs showed three noticeable stages including break-in (3%-8.0% of total polar compounds (TPC)), optimum (8.0%-20% of TPC), and degrading stages (above 22% of TPC). In order to distinguish the key aroma compounds in each stage, the FFs prepared in RO at TPC of 3% (FF1), 10.5% (FF2), and 27% (FF3) and their relevant oils (RO1, RO2, RO3) were selected for sensory-directed analysis. The results revealed that the FF1 had low contents of (E,E)-2,4- decadienal (deep-fried odor) which could be the reason why FF1 samples were rated with low-sensory score. The FF3 had higher hexanoic acid (sweaty odor), heptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, benzene acetaldehyde (stale odor), and trans-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (metallic odor) compared with FF1 and FF2, which resulted in flavor deterioration in FF3. Moreover, the decrease of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine in FF3 induced the lower roast flavor, which may also lead to the decline of the sensory score. Similarly, the higher portion of (E)-2-undecenal, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, and nonanoic acid in RO3 leads to increase in its rancid score and thus lower the sensory score. When the TPC content exceeded 22%, the peroxidation of the oil could cause the rancid taste. Therefore, it should be controlled in the later stage of frying. By understanding the changes of key flavor substances during the frying process, it can be significantly used as a reference for the development of fried products with the best flavor.

Study the change rule of Total Polar Compounds (TPC) of fried oil and evaluate the feasibility of using new indices to characterize the quality of frying oil from the perspectives of the polar compound composition at the regulated discarding point and the correlation between indicators. During the frying process, the TPC generated by oil deterioration will accumulate with the extension of the frying time. At the regulated discarding point, when the TPC is 27%, the frying oil contains 11.2% of oxTGO+oxTGD, which is close to the ratio of TPC and oxTGO+oxTGD stipulated by national standards. When TPC is 27%, the content of oxTGM in frying fat is 3.5%, and the content of oxTGM fluctuated up and down during frying. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between oxTGM and TPC with P>0.05, indicating that the application of TPC to evaluate the quality of frying oil actually failed to cover the effective control of oxTGM at the same time. Therefore, two indicators of TPC and oxTGM can be used to evaluate the deterioration of the fat frying process. Considering the potential toxicity of oxTGM is the strongest, the oxTGM value has a certain practical significance as a waste index to characterize the oxidation deterioration of high-temperature frying fat.

Through referring to the literature and related databases, the research process of antibodyconjugated drugs was reviewed, and the key elements of ADC were summarized. Twelve ADCs have been approved worldwide, since the therapeutic ADC was marketed for the first time in 2000. There are two imported and one domestic ADCs approved to date in China. In this paper, the development of ADCs in recent years was summarized, and the key elements of ADCs such as antigenic site, linker, payload and conjugation mode were reviewed in order to provide comprehensive information of ADCs and promote their research and development in the future.

A deep learning model named Cracklab for pixel level segmentation and measurement of concrete cracks is proposed. Cracklab excels at handling cracks at image edges and enhances scale adaptability, and it reduces physical occupation and increases efficiency by pruning. A crack database containing 685 images collected from complex scenes is established, with resolution ranging from 1024 to 2048 pixels. During training, focal loss is used to improve the recognition effect of complex background images. The results show that our method is more effective and accurate in detecting and quantifying cracks. Cracklab performed better in inference and comparative experiments, with mIoU at least 0.114 ahead and detection speeds 3.9 times faster compared to works that did not include pruning and scale adaptation. The proposed improved medial axis transform method has an error of 2.09 pixels at the maximum crack width, which is 19.6% lower than another work using distance transform method.

Abstract The mutation of SARS-CoV-2 influences viral function as residue replacements affect both physiochemical properties and folding conformations. Although a large amount of data on SARS-CoV-2 is available, the investigation of how viral functions change in response to mutations is hampered by a lack of effective structural analysis. Here, we exploit the advances of protein structure fingerprint technology to study the folding conformational changes induced by mutations. With integration of both protein sequences and folding conformations, the structures are aligned for SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2, including Alpha variant (lineage B.1.1.7) and Delta variant (lineage B.1.617.2). The results showed that the virus evolution with change in mutational positions and physicochemical properties increased the affinity between spike protein and ACE2, which plays a critical role in coronavirus entry into human cells. Additionally, these structural variations impact vaccine effectiveness and drug function over the course of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. The analysis of structural variations revealed how the coronavirus has gradually evolved in both structure and function and how the SARS-CoV-2 variants have contributed to more severe acute disease worldwide.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths across the world, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85%, and more than 50% of NSCLC patients were diagnosed with distant metastasis. The comprehensive treatment of NSCLC includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. As one of the traditional treatment methods, radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of all stages of NSCLC, and its immunomodulatory effect has attracted much attention. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with local-advanced and advanced NSCLC, but the benefit population was limited. At present, the treatment mode of radiotherapy combined with ICIs has become the focus of research. This paper reviews the research progress of radiotherapy combined with ICIs in the treatment of NSCLC.

A 5000m3 single deck floating roof crude oil storage tank was found to have a cracked Q345R bottom plate during an open tank inspection. To analyze the cause of the failure, a series of experiments were carried out. The results showed that the chemical composition of the failed crude oil storage tank bottom plate material Q345R had a slight excess of S, V, and Ti which causes the material to form a bainite structure, resulting in a hard and brittle material with poor toughness. Q345R is susceptive to H2S stress corrosion cracking according to SCC test. Based on the working condition investigation, the cracked plate was subjected to the local settlement and H2S contained corrosive medium. With the stress concentration induced by local settlement, the bottom plate cracked. In order to avoid such incidents, Q345R material should be avoided in H2S containing environment, and online monitoring should be carried out regularly to assess the overall condition of the tanks.

ObjectiveTo study the similarities and differences of food safety indicators in the National Food Safety Standard and international standards, and to provide a reference for the development and management of canned food industry.MethodsSafety indicators in the relevant standards and regulations of canned food by China, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), European Union (EU) and the United States were compared from the aspects of histamine, pollutant, biotoxin, food additive and others.ResultsIn terms of the limit of histamine, there were no provisions in the relevant laws and regulations of the United States, while China and CAC had set their limits in canned fish. In terms of the limits of pollutants, China's provisions were relatively comprehensive in all kinds of canned food and food contact materials than those in other countries. In terms of the limit of biotoxin, only China and the United States had clear requirements. In terms of the types of canned food, the types, functions and the requirements of additives, China, CAC and EU were similar, while the regulations of the United States were totally different.ConclusionProcess control is the essence of canned foods safety, which provides thoughts on the future standard setting and revision in China, and is also worth learning for the canned food manufacturing industry. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of pollutants in canned food, control the pollutant in raw materials and migration from processing equipment and food contact materials, and research on the safety of process parameters, and further establish and improve food safety risk control and traceability system.

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a form of life-threatening high altitude idiopathy.This non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a serious illness with high risk of morbidity. The mechanisms of HAPEmostly proposed so far in literature include exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and excessively increased capillary pressure, pulmonary capillary leak, disturbed alveolar fluid clearance, and liquid retention and body fluid imbalance. In this review, we described the advances in HAPE mechanisms and in the clinicaltranslation of therapeutics targeting the central links of HAPE pathophysiology. We also provided views on the fu‐ture prospects for the pharmacological management of HAPE, which should inspire high altitude medical research‐ers to find new measures to prevent and treat HAPE.

Electric heating serves as a major cold-proof measure because engineering equipment often loses efficacy in harsh weather conditions in a polar environment. Because Convective heat transfer is the key issue to solve the cold-proof design, this paper analyzes convective heat transfer of tube and plate in the constant heat flow heating mode. According to fluent numerical simulation analysis with a wind speed of 0–40 m/s and a temperature of −40°C–0°C, both an increase in wind speed and a decrease in temperature would cause the growth of the convective heat transfer coefficient of circular tubes and flat plates, Wind speed displayed a more significant impact on convective heat transfer. In a low-temperature laboratory, a model experiment of convective heat transfer was carried out to validate the reliability of the numerical simulation. Last, a prediction model for convective heat transfer coefficient of circular tubes and flat plates in polar environment was developed using numerical and experimental data.

Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF). Triptolide has attracted considerable attention in recent times due to its multiple biological and pharmaceutical activities, with an emphasis on therapeutic importance in the treatment of diverse disorders. With essential medicinal implications, TwHF’s extracts have been used as anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidative, and immunosuppressive agents for centuries, with continuous and relevant modifications to date to enhance its utility in several diseases and pathophysiology. Here, in this review, we accentuate the studies, highlighting the effects of triptolide on treating bone-related disorders, both inflammatory and cancerous, particularly osteosarcoma, and their manifestations. Based on this review, future avenues could be estimated for potential research strategies, molecular mechanisms, and outcomes that might contribute toward reinforcing new dimensions in the clinical application of triptolide in treating bone-related disorders.

An advanced battery management system ensures the safe and efficient use of batteries in electric vehicles. As the state of charge (SOC) cannot be measured directly, it is important for the battery management system to accurately and reliably estimate the SOC of batteries. In order to estimate SOC, a first-order resistor-capacitance (RC) equivalent circuit model is used to describe the external characteristic of batteries. The model parameters are identified by forgetting factor recursive least-squares (FFRLS). Open circuit voltage (OCV) is one of the model parameters, and then SOC can be estimated by the SOC-OCV model. The CALCE battery research group in the University of Maryland has proposed some data, which include the data of LNMC/graphite battery working under dynamic stress test (DST) and Beijing dynamic stress test (BJDST) conditions. These data are used to verify the proposed algorithm. The results show that the estimation error does not exceed 3.419 0% in DST and 4.233 5% in BJDST, which indicates that the proposed method can realize online SOC estimation.

Objectives: Effective methods for diagnosing urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) are important for its clinical management. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to assess the performance of the urine-based Xpert MTB/RIF assay for UGTB. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, and Scopus were systematically searched up to July 30, 2019. A hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) was applied to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and odds ratio (OR) for the diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert test. Results: Our search identified 858 unique articles from which 69 studies were selected for full-text revision, with 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies comprising 1202 samples compared Xpert with mycobacterial culture, while 924 samples from eight studies compared it with a composite reference standard (CRS). The values for pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and OR were 0.89, 0.95, 20.1, 0.18, and 159.53, respectively, when compared with the mycobacterial culture. Likewise, when compared with a CRS, the respective pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and OR values were 0.55, 0.99, 40.67, 0.43, and 166.17, thereby suggesting a high level of accuracy for diagnosing UGTB. A meta-regression and sub-group analysis of TB-burden countries, study design, decontamination, concentration, and reference standard could not explain the heterogeneity (p > 0.05) in the diagnostic efficiency. Conclusions: Our results suggested that Xpert is a promising diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of UGTB via urine specimen.

Introducing the surface grafting layers to regulate bio-compatibility and bio-function is an important step in the tissue engineering field. However, whether the thickness variation of the introduced biomimetic layer impacts the behavior of the adhered immune effector cells is yet to be dissected fully. In this study, we used a surface-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) method to synthetize and graft poly-phenoxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) brushes having different lengths on the glass substrates. Primary murine peritoneal macrophages were collected and cultured on the PHEMA brushes and we investigated the influence of polymer brushes having different lengths on macrophages phenotype and function. Our results demonstrated that the thicker brushes (200 nm and 450 nm) are superior to the thinner layers (50 nm) for macrophages survival, proliferation, cell elongation and migration. Moreover, the thicker brushes are more beneficial for macrophage’s activities and functions, presented by the increased production of M1-associated cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1, the elevated cell phagocytosis and the activation molecule F4/80 expression, and the reduced macrophages apoptosis in thicker brushes-sustained macrophages. Our data suggests that the thickness of the substrate grafting layer directly impacts macrophages recruitment and pro-inflammatory function, which is important in determining the intrinsic immuno-compatibilities of the surface modified-biomaterials and mediates material-host interactions in vivo.

BACKGROUND By measuring the nitrogen content in plant fruits, the growth status of plants can be grasped and important information for improving the yield of high-quality fruits can be provided. At present, the traditional Kjeldahl method is used to determine nitrogen in plant fruits. The main steps are digestion, distillation and titration. The digestion time of traditional method is 90 minutes, and the titration and distillation time is 10-20 minutes. The determination process is complicated and produces errors, which is not suitable for the analysis of large amounts of plant fruits. OBJECTIVES To shorten the analysis and determination time of total nitrogen in plant fruit samples, improve work efficiency, avoid artificial errors, and solve the problems of sample splashing and white smoke escaping during digestion. METHODS A graphite digestion instrument was used for digestion. Concentrated sulfuric acid and a catalyst were added, the reflux plug was capped, and an automatic nitrogen determination instrument was used for analysis. RESULTS The sample did not splash and the white smoke did not escape. The digestion time was 50 minutes and the distillation time was 3 minutes. The reagent consumption was reduced by 2mL. The relative error and relative standard deviation were less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS The established method meets the needs of the laboratory to quickly and accurately detect total nitrogen in large amounts of plant samples. It has been applied in the detailed survey project of the China geological survey bidding project and the detailed investigation of the soil pollution status of agricultural land in Hebei Province.

Excessive application of water and fertilizer not only causes resources serious waste of, but also causes serious environmental pollution. The implementation of precision irrigation and fertilization can effectively reduce nutrient loss and environmental pollution, save irrigation water and improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources, which is one of the important ways to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. The use of the integrated water-fertilizer equipment can effectively improve the utilization rate of water-fertilizer resources, but it is necessary to know the nutritional status of crops and water-fertilizer demand before operation. To acquire the information by hand-held measuring instruments, there are some disadvantages, such as poor timeliness and high labor intensity. In response to the above problems, this study took the common corn crop as an example, used the DJI Phantom III drone to carry RedEdge-M multispectral camera to collect multispectral images of corn crops over the fields, and measured nitrogen and moisture content of corn plants by YLS-D series plant nutrition tester. Based on this information, the collected images were divided into 3 levels, each level contains 530 five channel images (2650 single channel images), including 480 five channel images (2400 single channel images) in the training set and 50 five channel images (250 single channel images) in the verification set, and a method of identifying the nutritional status of corn crops based on convolutional neural network was proposed. Based on the TensorFlow deep learning framework, ResNet18 convolution neural network model was constructed. By entering color image data and five-channel multispectral image data into the model, the nutritional status recognition model of corn plant suitable for color image and multispectral image was trained, and the experimental results showed that the trained model could be used to recognize the multispectral images of corn, and the nutritional status of corn, topdressing guidance and GPS information could be outputted, the correct rate of the recognition color image model in the verification set was 84.7%. The correct rate of identifying multispectral image model in the verification set was 90.5%, the average time of model training was 4.5h, and the average time of recognizing a five channel image is 3.56 seconds, which can detect the nutritional status of corn crops quickly and undamaged, and provides a theoretical and technical basis for the accuracy of the application of water fertilizer in intelligent agriculture.

BACKGROUND The detection sensitivity, stability, and linear range of Au using flame atomic fluorescence spectrometry (FAFS) is comparable to the method of inductivity coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). When Au concentration is below 0.5ng/g, it is difficult to accurately determine Au if the interference elements in FAFS are not separated and eliminated. OBJECTIVES To optimize the conditions during determination of trace Au by FAFS method. METHODS The optimized conditions for trace Au detection using FAFS were provided based on the conventional Au separation and enrichment method of polyurethane foam plastics (PUFP). Using the thiourea (3.0g/L) and HCl (1%) as desorption solution can effectively eliminate the Au memory effect after separation by PUFP with low Au background value (≤ 0.25ng/g), and 5μg/mL of Fe3+ solution added into Au standard solutions was used to eliminate the interference during Au detection using FAFS. RESULTS The method was used to analyze national standard materials GBW07805, GBW07242, GBW07244a, GBW07245a and GBW07247, which yielded the relative error (RE) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4.7% and 23.2%, respectively. The Au contents for 90 primary halo samples and 4 monitor samples were analyzed simultaneously using FAFS and ICP-MS. Results showed that no significant differences existed between the two methods with F=1.23 and the correlation coefficient of 1.01, which further proved the accuracy and reliability of FAFS. CONCLUSIONS FAFS is simple, convenient, fast and practical. Method detection limit of Au is as low as 0.08ng/g, and the linear range (0.08-500ng/g) is three orders of magnitude.

Rare earth elements (REE) are important raw materials for electronic products and green-energy technology and deep-sea sediment as an important potential source of REE mineral. It is of great scientific significance to understand the influence of REE in deep-sea sediments. In this paper, thirty sediments samples and eleven sediments samples were collected at the site SH3 and SH1 of Shenhu area, respectively. The trace elements, major elements, and different Fe-Mn minerals were analyzed to investigate the role of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the enrichment of rare earth elements in the marine sediments. The result showed that the content of ∑REE/Ti increased at the top of sulfate and methane transition zone (SMTZ) at site SH1 and SH3. Combined with the analysis of different forms of ferromanganese minerals and the REE patterns, it is inferred that there is little influence of terrigenous input to the REE content. In contrary, the REE-rich carbonate phase and REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase have important contribution of REE enrichment at the top of SMTZ. Meanwhile, the calculations of the quantitative relationship between the REE-rich carbonate phase and REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase also confirm this conclusion. And the AOM caused the decrease of the REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase and increase of the REE-rich carbonate phase. This is the potential explanation of ∑REE/Ti enrichment at the top of SMTZ. This study is of great scientific significance for the study of REE enrichment mechanism in the methane seeps and provided a new sight of REE enrichment mechanism in deep-sea sediments.

A majority of the patients with advanced prostate cancer initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy and enzalutamide therapy, but eventually enter the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) phase. Some studies have shown that the activation of other signalling pathways in CRPC cells replaces the function of the androgen receptor, as well as promotes cell metastasis and progression. However, the mechanisms underlying this side effect remain unclear. The present study aims to explore the continued progression of cells after enzalutamide resistance. Low expression of circRNA-UCK2 (circUCK2) was detected in enzalutamide-resistant (EnzR) cells. Moreover, miR-767-5p was found to be resistant to EnzR cells when the level of circUCK2 is increased. The decrease in free miR-767-5p increases the expression of TET1 protein through the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA, thereby inhibiting cell invasion and proliferation. Knocking down circUCK2 in enzalutamide-sensitive cells reduces the concentration of TET1, thereby increasing cell invasion and proliferation. A preclinical study using in vivo mouse models also showed that a high expression of circUCK2 inhibited the EnzR cell growth. Thus, this study might aid in developing a novel therapy to better suppress the CRPC progression.

By analyzing the shock and spike voltage on the rectifier diode during converter process of the phase-shift full bridge ZVS DC/DC converter which is configured as full wave rectifier in second side, this paper aims at explaining the reason of shock and spike voltage after that equivalent circuits and mathematical models are established. Then by analyzed the mathematical model, we thus conclude that a relationship is between parasitic parameters and resonance oscillations. And last RCD snubber circuit experiments are carried out in Saber and experiment prototype of 500 W which proves resonance oscillations can be curbed effectively.