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ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of avian influenza viruses in the external environment of poultry in Anqing City， Anhui Province， and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of animal-derived influenza in humans.MethodsA total of 28 farmers’ markets/farms in 10 counties （cities， districts） of Anqing City， Anhui Province， were selected as surveillance sites by simple random sampling strategy. Poultry faeces and other related samples were collected for 6 consecutive weeks. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to examine the nucleic acids of influenza A virus. Subtypes H5， H7， and H9 of avian influenza virus were further tested in the positive samples.ResultsA total of 426 specimens were collected， among which 113 tested positive with a positive rate of 26.53%. Among the positive specimens， 104 were determined to be subtype H9， accounting for 92.04%. It did not significantly differ in the positive rate between the main and non-main urban areas （χ20.05） or among the specimens collected in different weeks （χ2=7.57， P>0.05）. However， it significantly differed in the positive rate among the specimens collected in the third week and other weeks （χ2=6.89， P

The removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) originating from human activities continues to be a challenge for environmental protection due to the lack of an efficient method to capture and convert nitrogen oxides. Here, as a typical example of a bifunctional catalyst, a new low-cost Ni–Ga based oxide catalyst with an inverse spinel structure was developed for NO removal. It exhibits the synergetic catalysis properties of Ni and Ga: strong NO capture properties from the Ni species and applicable NO catalytic conversion from both the Ni and Ga species. The NO removal by the Ni–Ga based catalyst is strongly dependent on the Ga ligand environment. The largely inverse spinel structure with an inversion parameter of 92% and the tetrahedral preference of Ga3+ greatly contribute to the high performance for NO conversion due to the electron transfer occurring easily in the low coordination environment of the Ga ions. The electron transfer process in the Ni–Ga based catalyst can be further activated by Zn doping, increasing the catalytic ability for NO conversion. Our results open up a new route for designing efficient catalysts, combining the strong gas capture properties of a specific element with high catalytic NO conversion properties, by constructing an appropriate element ligand environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Correct and effective handovers of patients' information during shift changes can ensure patients' safety and can help an incoming shift of nurses to continuously monitor patients' psychological problems and avoid unnecessary physical restraints. Development of a standard procedure for handover of patients who have been physically restrained has important clinical significance related to the smooth continuation of nursing work and assurance of the quality of care.Objective: The study intended to investigate the clinical effects of the situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) communication mode on the quality of the information passed during shift changes about patients in intensive care units (ICUs) who had been physically restrained and to compare it to the clinical effects obtained using traditional methods of communication.Design: The study was a retrospective analysis of the process used by nurses who were passing patient's information during shift changes when caring for patients who had been physically restrained.Setting: The study took place in an ICU at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.Participants: Participants were 21 nurses caring for 239 ICU patients under physical restraint at the Second Hospital.Intervention: Of the 239 patients, 118 had been hospitalized between March 1 and March 15, 2018 and were assigned to the control group, and 121 had been hospitalized between June 1 and June 15, 2018 and were assigned to the intervention group. An ICU Physical Restraint Handover Order was established according to the SBAR communication mode. The intervention group used the SBAR communication mode and the control group used the hospital's routine communication mode for the physical restraint of a patient during a nursing shift.Outcome Measures: The study measured the differences between the groups in the nurses' passing rates based on standards for the use of physical restraints, the quality of handover of information during shift changes about patients under physical restraint, the quality of the documentation written by nurses about the physical restraint, and the nurses' satisfaction with the handover of information during a shift change.Results: Among the patient, 112 in the intervention group (92.56%) and 92 in the control group (77.97%) were qualified for physical restraint. A statistically significant difference existed between the two groups in the passing rate for the use of physical restraints (P = .001). The quality score for the handovers during shift changes of patients under physical restraint in the intervention group was 95.46 ± 2.50 and for the control group was 91.08 ± 3.57, with the difference being statistically significant (P = .030). The quality score for the nursing documentation for the intervention group, at 97.21 ± 1.49, was higher than that of the control group, at 90.78 ± 3.42, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .001). The nurses' satisfaction score for the intervention group, at 98.14 ± 1.01 was higher than that of the control group, at 92.57 ± 1.86, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .006).Conclusions: The use of the SBAR communication mode to improve the information passed to nurses about patients under physical restraint during a shift change can improve the quality of the physical restraint and nurses' satisfaction and has a better clinical-application effect than the traditional methods used during shift changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]