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This work focused on the preparation of novel antifouling paint based on Ca2Cr2O5 and CaMnO3 NPs as a safe protective pigment which were replaced with cuprous oxide. Three paint formulations were prepared for comparison, a blank formula without an antifouling agent (F1), a commercial antifouling formula based on 100% cuprous oxide as an antifouling agent (F2), and AF formula based on 75% Ca2Cr2O5 and CaMnO3 NPs and 25% Cu2O. The high performance and durability of the paints based on the prepared pigments were evident from their impact resistance, adhesion, pending, hardness, and chemical resistance, which were compared to the blank formula (F1). The corrosion resistance of the painted films was also investigated using the salt spray test method, and the results were promising compared to the blank and standard formulations. All painted steel plates were exposed to seawater through field tests in the Suez Canal at Port Said for up to 6 months. The results showed that the paints based on F2 and F3a, b enhanced the antifouling activity through six months of exposure. The obtained results demonstrated greater efficiency of the painted steel-based F3a than F1 and F3b, and being comparable to the standard formula (F2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Consumption of khat leaves has been disseminated worldwide with the migration of its users from Arabia and Africa. Despite numerous reports regarding the associations of khat chewing with serious health impacts, a significant number of people worldwide uses khat daily, especially in its origin countries. The risk of co-administration of khat and drugs (prescription and over the-counter medications) is high among these individuals, leading to increase probability of adverse khat-drug interactions. The likelihood of khat-drug interactions could be higher than drug-drug interactions because drugs usually contain single chemical entities while almost all herbs (including khat) contain mixtures of pharmacologically active constituents. Aims: To review the literatures on how khat interacts with some drugs and whether it is favorable or not. Methods: The study was conducted as a systematic review. The electronic literature searches were made in Google search engine to access publications from databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using the keywords ‘khat’, ‘Catha edulis’ in combination with the terms ‘drug interaction’, ‘adverse-effects’, ‘side effects’, ‘adverse drug reaction’, ‘safety’, and ‘toxicity’ to identify relevant articles. Results: A total of 250 articles was identified, and these articles were checked in terms of title, abstract, and content according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 18 articles were included in the study. The khat use significantly interact with most drugs and may cause unpredictable pharmacological sequences. Conclusions: Healthcare providers suggest patients` khat abstinence during medication process. Future studies need to investigate the khat- clinical drugs interactions especially with chronic used drugs.

This article focused on the preparation of Cu, Co (II)‐containing linoleic‐based poly(ester amide) resin and studied their use as new binders for paint formulation. The metal‐containing LPEA was carried out by in situ condensation polymerization reaction between hydroxyethyl linoleic fatty amide diol (HELA), phthalic anhydride (PA), and Cu, Co acetate. The structure of the prepared resins was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectral studies. Physicochemical, thermal analysis (TGA), surface morphology (SEM), and elemental composition (EDX) were studied by standard methods. The physicomechanical, antimicrobial, and corrosion/chemical resistance performance tests were also conducted to evaluate their coating properties. These studies revealed that (i) the incorporation of Cu, Co (II) has a significant influence on structural and physicochemical aspects. The paint formulation based on Cu, Co (II) containing LPEA showed very good results according to the corrosion resistant test evalution. (iii) Antimicrobial tests of all prepared resins were performed by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and pathogenic fungal strain using standard controlled medication, ciprofloxacin/fluconazole for the comparison. (iv) Cu, Co (II) containing LPEA serve as novel binders and promising candidates for use as binders for protective coating material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to study the factors that affect the welding joint of dissimilar metals. Austenitic stainless steel-type AISI (316L) with a thickness of (2mm) was welded to carbon steel (1mm) using an MIG spot welding. The filler metal is a welding wire of the type E80S-G (according to AWS) is used with (1.2mm) diameter and CO2 is used as shielding gas with flow rate (7L/min) for all times was used in this work. The results indicate that the increase of the welding current tends to increase the size of spot weld, and also increases the sheer force. Whereas the sheer force increased inversely with the time of welding. Furthermore, the results indicate that increasing the current and time of welding increases the diameter of weld zone, and decreases the sheer force.

Genotypic and phenotypic correlations are necessary for constructing indirect selection indices. Bayesian analysis, therefore, was applied to obtain posterior distributions of the correlations, and the estimates were compared with those under a frequentist approach. Three a priori distributions for standard deviation components based on uniform distribution, positive values from t- distribution, and positive values from normal distribution were examined, while a priori distribution for correlation was taken as a uniform distribution. The prior based on uniform was best found using the deviation information criterion. Data from sorghum genotypes evaluated in complete blocks in 2010-2011 in Northern Kordofan, Sudan, resulted in a posterior mean of 0.48 for genotypic correlation between seed yield and seed weight with posterior standard deviation of 0.24. Due to a wider inference base and the fact that it makes use of prior information, we recommend the Bayesian approach in estimation of genotypic correlations.