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Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to evaluate the difference in stricture rate between matched groups of Bricker and Wallace techniques for ureteroileal anastomosis. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing urinary diversion (UD) with Bricker and Wallace ureteroileal anastomosis at two university hospitals. Two groups of Bricker and Wallace patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio based on the age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), preoperative hydronephrosis, prior radiation therapy or abdominal surgery, pathologic T and N stages and 30‐days‐Clavien grade complications≥III. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of ureteroenteric stricture (UES) in all patients. Results: Overall, 740 patients met the inclusion criteria and 209 patients in each group were propensity matched. At a similar median follow‐up of 25 months, UES was detected in 25 (12%) and 30 (14.4%) patients in Bricker and Wallace groups, respectively (p = 0.56). However, only one patient in the Bricker group developed a bilateral stricture compared to 15 patients in the Wallace group, resulting in a significantly higher number of affected renal units in the Wallace group: 45 (10.7%) versus only 26 (6.2%) in the Bricker group (p = 0.00). On multivariable extended Cox analysis, prior radiotherapy, presence of T4 pelvic malignancy and nodal positive disease were independent predictor of UES formation. Conclusion: The technique of ureteroileal anastomosis itself does not increase the rate of stricture; however, conversion of two renal units into one is associated with a higher incidence of bilateral upper tract involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is having a major impact on species distribution and habitat loss, especially for species with restricted ranges. The genus Seminemacheilus is endemic to Türkiye and includes six species. This study investigated the current distribution of the genus Seminemacheilus and its possible distribution in 2050 and 2070 using the Wallace platform, a Maxent modeling method. Simulations of future projections indicated that bioclimatically suitable habitats of Seminemacheilus spp. will be limited in 2050 and nearly extinct in 2070. The model is primarily affected by temperature and precipitation, which are directly associated with the phenomenon of global warming. It has been established that conservation strategies must be developed to protect the species of the genus and avoid habitat deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundAnatomic complications of the ureteroenteric anastomosis in ileal conduit (IC) cause significant morbidity in patients post-cystectomy and cystoprostatectomy. The Bricker technique has a perceived disadvantage of increased risk for stricture, whereas the Wallace technique runs the risk for ureteral malignancy affecting both ureteric ends, and bilateral ureteric obstruction from a stone lodged at the anastomosis. We aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and stricture rate of a novel hybrid ureteroenteric anastomosis technique. We compared these outcomes to the Bricker and Wallace anastomosis techniques for IC urinary diversion (ICUD). MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients who had undergone ICUD after cystectomy for bladder cancer from 2011 to 2016. Patients were categorized into groups undergoing the Bricker, Wallace, and hybrid ureteroanastomosic techniques. Strictures were identified during clinical follow-up or hospital presentations with complications. ResultsWe identified 68 patients suitable for inclusion. They were separated by Bricker, Wallace, and hybrid anastomosis techniques, with 19 (27.9%), 20 (29.4%), and 29 (42.6%) patients, respectively. Ureteroenteric anastomotic strictures occurred in 9 patients (5 Bricker, 3 Wallace, 1 hybrid). This difference in stricture rates for Bricker versus hybrid (26.3% vs. 3.4%; OR, 10 [95% CI, 1.1 to 121.1]; P = 0.02) was significant but was comparable for Wallace versus hybrid (15.0% vs. 3.4%; OR, 4.9 [0.7 to 66.0]; P = 0.15) and for Bricker versus Wallace (26.3% vs. 15.0%; OR, 2 [0.4 to 8.6]; P = 0.87). 15 patients (51%) in the hybrid group required oral antibiotics for a symptomatic urinary tract infection compared with 4 (21%) with Bricker and 8 (40%) with Wallace (P = 0.10). Median post-cystectomy follow-up and stricture formation time were 16 months (IQR, 4–36) and 9 months (7–32), respectively. ConclusionThe hybrid technique is a safe and efficacious alternative to the Bricker and Wallace anastomoses. It carries with it a risk for urinary tract infection that is eclipsed by substantially lowered rates of ureteric strictures requiring intervention while maintaining the advantage of separating the two ureters.

How might a novel play tennis? In a New York Times essay on Roger Federer, David Foster Wallace reflects on how the climactic topspin lob that won Wimbledon for Federer in 2006 was a product of narrative, reliant on a sequence of bluffs, building up to a final unreturnable shot whose genius lay in its 'unimaginable angle.' Tennis becomes fiction here, both in the sense that the final shot is unreal and that it is Rafael Nadal's imagination that is ultimately overwhelmed by Federer's spin. In this essay I consider how Wallace and Vladimir Nabokov's most tennis-obsessed novels, Infinite Jest and Lolita, achieve the equivalent of tennis's 'unimaginable angles' in their language and form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods have been greatly affected the distribution pattern of the species. The impact of the global climate change upon species distributions such as range shifts in latitude or elevation has been widely studied. In this study, it was aimed to have a better understanding on the effects of the Late-Pleistocene climatic oscillation and the global climate changes on a widely distributed reptile species, the Balkan wall lizard (Podarcis tauricus). To find out the dynamics of the species’ range shifts, ecological niche modelling approach was applied. Bioclimatic variables and regenerated species occurrence records were used to construct models. The chosen model was projected to the present, reconstructed past and predicted future bio-climatic conditions. Moreover, distribution change and landscape connectivity analyzes were executed. Under present conditions, model prediction for the Balkan wall lizard was largely caught its known distribution area. The LGM distribution prediction was limited to a few spots (57,596.19 km2) in the southern Balkans, mainly due to the negative effect of the mean winter temperature. From the LGM to the present, distribution area of the species remarkably extended, particularly noticeable during Mid-Holocene (1,254.59%). The model predicted the distribution area of the species would extend due to high mean summer and high mean winter temperatures in the future and move basically towards northern latitudes and at higher elevations. A connectivity pattern in between the southwestern and northeastern populations of the Balkan wall lizard was found with high connectivity predicted predominantly over the southern Balkans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meeting of the Linnean Society of London held on the evening of 1 July 1858 is famous for being the occasion of the first public announcement of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. This declaration was completed by publication of On the Origin of Species in the following year. The present analysis rebuffs this interpretation, in that the material read and subsequently published did not promote a theory of evolution, let alone the Origin theory. It did promote natural selection, a theory of organic change; however, a theory of evolution requires, in addition, a theory of how both the organic and physical components of the world behave and interact (i.e. a world-view theory). A first announcement of a theory of evolution also requires some promotion of the likelihood that new species will result. The Origin world view and species transmutation as an outcome are both largely absent from the contributions. Hence, Bell's much maligned Presidential address might need re-assessment. Curiously, the published title almost denies species transmutation. The present paper undertakes detailed inspection of this meeting; it supports a re-assessment of its customary interpretation in the history of biological science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research report offers the most complete itinerary of Alfred Russel Wallace's scientific explorations of the Brazilian Amazon between 1848 and 1852. As a source for historians of science and natural scientists, it may become a reference to track the zoological and botanical species collected alongside the described landscapes and people in Wallace's complex road map of explorations. Evidencing many relations and interests intertwined with the construction of Wallace's itinerary, this report makes room for the elaboration of a more accurate picture of his expedition. Tracking the development of Wallace's insights along his journey, this itinerary also allows us to ascertain which species, regions, and phenomena fostered the conceptual roots of his later theory of evolution by natural selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ureteroenteric anastomosis after cystectomy is usually performed using the Bricker or Wallace technique. Deterioration of renal function is the most common long-term complication of urinary diversion (UD). To improve surgical care and optimize long-term renal function, we compared the Bricker and Wallace anastomotic techniques and identified risk factors for ureteroenteric strictures (UES) in patients after cystectomy. Material and methods: Retrospective, monocentric analysis of 135 patients who underwent cystectomy with urinary diversion at the University Hospital Essen between January 2015 and June 2019. Pre- and postoperative renal function, relevant comorbidities, prior chemo- or radiotherapy, pathological findings, urinary diversion, postoperative complications, and ureteroenteric strictures (UES) were analyzed. Results: Of all 135 patients, 69 (51.1%) underwent Bricker anastomosis and 66 (48.9%) Wallace anastomosis. Bricker and Wallace groups included 134 and 132 renal units, respectively. At a median follow-up of 14 (6–58) months, 21 (15.5%) patients and 30 (11.27%) renal units developed UES. We observed 22 (16.6%) affected renal units in Wallace versus 8 (5.9%) in Bricker group (p < 0.001). A bilateral stricture was most common in Wallace group (69.2%) (p < 0.001). Previous chemotherapy and 90-day Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complications were independently associated with stricture formation, respectively (OR 9.74, 95% CI 2–46.2, p = 0.004; OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.36–11.82, p = 0.013). Conclusion: The results of this study show no significant difference in ureteroenteric anastomotic techniques with respect to UES development regarding individual patients but suggest a higher risk of bilateral UES formation in patients undergoing Wallace anastomosis. This is reflected in the increased UES rate under consideration of the individual renal units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: We present a modification to the Bricker technique involving 124 anastomoses in a 62-patient series, and the outcomes of the procedures that have been carried out successfully to date in our clinic. METHODS: The study sample included patients who applied to our clinic for whom a radical cystectomy procedure was decided between 2012 and 2018. Among these patients, a retrospective evaluation was made of 62 patients on whom a diversion was performed using a modified Bricker technique during a radical cystectomy. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 15.9+-14 months, with a maximum of 59 months. There were 2 (3.2%) women among 62 patients. The preoperative stage was T3a in 5%, T2 in 56% and T1 high-grade in 39%. Among the 62 Bricker operations (124 anastomoses) carried out using the modified technique at our clinic, only one patient, who was stage T3b and who was being treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, developed left ureterohydronephrosis (0.8%). No stricture was observed in the other 123 anastomoses; and there were no late complications such as metabolic disturbance, stomal stenosis, pyelonephritis or lithiasis during the follow-up of the 62 patients who underwent a Bricker diversion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We believe that the lack of anastomotic leakage in none of the operated patients and the occurrence of stricture in only one of 124 anastomoses in 62 patients is evidence of the success of the technique.

The present article is a brief study on the personality of two great national heroes of Scotland and Tamil Nadu. They have been portrayed in a realistic manner by Nigel Tranter and Kalki in their novels, “The Wallace” and “Ponniyin Selvan” respectively. Every individual has initiation step as his age of profession enters. The subject of the novels is about the heroic journey of the national heroes in getting liberty and power to their nations. To justify the theme, assessment of the heroes quality becomes vital. The initiation process the beginning of the individuation process of an individual in his task. Wallace and Aditya start their career as a warrior by avenging the death of their dear ones and to quit the domination of the opponent. To note, the works “The Wallace”as “TW” and “Ponniyin Selvan” as “PS” have been abbreviated for denoting parenthetical documentation. Hence, the article brings forth the first attempt of both heroes in warfield and their tenacity of keeping themselves true to their goals.

Abstract Despite today’s controversy regarding several aspects of his legacy, Swiss-born Harvard Professor Louis Agassiz (1807–1873) was one of the most eminent scientists of his time. After his death, Washington-based photographer and amateur naturalist, Henry Ulke (1821–1910), honored his ‘esteemed friend’ which is clear from his personal letter of condolence addressed to Agassiz’s eldest son Alexander, and a posthumous portrait (oil on canvas) dated 1876. In 1877, his portrait was purchased by the United States Capitol, but it was not accepted by the Joint Committee on the Library. Thereafter, it soon went missing and remained unnoticed for nearly 150 years, until the same portrait (or at least a second, original version) was brought to auction in 2013 by heirs of the Ulke family. The painting is based on a rare carte-de-visite photograph, which bears the 1876 backstamp of Henry’s brother, Julius Ulke (1833–1910). Both the painting and the card, undoubtedly depicting Agassiz, were once mislabeled as General Francis E. Spinner, United States Treasurer (1802–1890), probably by Henry’s son, Titus Ulke (1866–1961) or another descendent. The rediscovery of the painting is of major historic and artistic importance. It is now on display in the library of Elasmobranch Research, Belgium.

There is a recent boom being witnessed in emerging areas like IoMT (Internet of Medical Things), Artificial Intelligence for healthcare, and disaster management. These novel research frontiers are critical in terms of hardware and cannot afford to compromise accuracy or reliability. Multiplier, being one of the most heavily used components, becomes crucial in these applications. If optimized, multipliers can impact the overall performance of the system. Thus, in this paper, an attempt has been made to determine the potential of accurate multipliers while meeting minimal hardware requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel Booth-Encoded Karatsuba multiplier and provide its comparison with a Booth-Encoded Wallace tree multiplier. These architectures have been developed using two types of Booth encoding: Radix-4 and Radix-8 for 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit multiplications. The algorithm is designed to be parameterizable to different bit widths, thereby offering higher flexibility. The proposed multiplier offers advantage of enhanced performance with significant reduction in hardware while negligibly trading off the Power Delay Product (PDP). It has been observed that the performance of the proposed architecture increases with increasing multiplier size due to significant reduction in hardware and slight increase in PDP. All the architectures have been implemented in Verilog HDL using Xilinx Vivado Design Suite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven species of the genus Bischoffitilla Lelej were previously known from Indonesia. Bischoffitilla selangorensis (Pagden, 1934) is newly recorded from Indonesia. Bischoffitilla palaca (Cameron, 1902) is newly recorded from Java, and B. saffica (Zavattari, 1914) from Sumatra. Keys to the Indonesian species of Bischoffitilla are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do we solve a problem like Elizabeth? This might well have been the title of Elizabeth Wurtzel's 'depression memoir,' Prozac Nation (1994); or rather, it might have been the title if the book had been a memoir, rather than a piece of first-person gonzo-style reporting from the field of chemical imbalance. This reading forms the basis of a deeper reconsideration of Wurtzel's position in the popular imagination as the 'voice of a generation.' In the public imagination, mid-'90s culture in America is inextricably linked with irony, depression, and apathy. It may be a Canadian writer who is credited with popularising the term 'Generation X' (Douglas Coupland, in 1991), but the blankness and indeterminacy of its signification seemed to speak directly for a generation approaching adulthood in the nexus between the conservative Republicanism of the Reagan and (first) Bush years and the ostensible liberalism of the saxophone-sound tracked Clinton era. With her keen wit and canny publisher, Elizabeth Wurtzel capitalised on the 'representative' function of her writing, which is nowhere clearer than in the epilogue that gives Prozac Nation its title. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To evaluate the outcome and complication rate in a single institution experience using the two most commonly used techniques of ureteroenteric anastomosis, the Bricker and Wallace anastomosis. Methods A total of 137 patients underwent ileal conduit for bladder cancer. Ureters were anastomosed by two experienced surgeons, one performing a Bricker and the other, a Wallace anastomosis. Stricture was identified during clinical follow-up. Results Seventy-five patients underwent a Bricker anastomotic, and 65 received a Wallace anastomosis. The average age was 70 in both groups, males were predominant (66% Bricker, 70% Wallace). Follow up period was 36.5 months in Bricker group and 17 months in Wallace group. In both groups, the body mass index (BMI) was similar (26.1 kg/m2 Bricker and 26.4 kg/m2 Wallace). We observed that the stricture rate after performing the Bricker anastomosis technique was 25.3% (19/75) as compared to 7.7% (5/65) after Wallace anastomosis technique, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001). In the Bricker group, patients with strictures had higher BMI (28.3 vs. 25.7 kg/m2, p = 0.05). On average it took 8.5 months in the Bricker group and three months in the Wallace group (p = 0.6) to develop stricture. Conclusions The stricture rate was significantly higher when Bricker technique was applied. Although the BMI was not different in both groups, patients with a higher BMI were more likely to develop stricture. We believe that the approach of the separate and refluxing technique of Bricker anastomosis especially in obese patients poses a higher risk for anastomotic stricture formation.

Of the two studies that deal with works of the 'other modernity' of the French 19th century, the first deals with objects that, as multiply producible and stylistically eclectic objects, fell through the Modernist grid, although they correspond exactly to a definition of the avant-garde as formulated in the succession of Saint-Simon. The second asks whether the iconography of "modern life", in the sense of Charles Baudelaire's "Le peintre de la vie moderne", should not be added to the definition of modernity - against a limited formalist definition of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A clear consensus has not yet been reached on the optimal ureteroenteric anastomosis technique for ileal conduit urinary diversion following radical cystectomy. This study aims to determine the incidence of strictures and their management associated with these anastomosis techniques., Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of patients who underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion between March 2014 and August 2022. Patients were categorized based on the ureteroenteric anastomosis technique used: Wallace, Bricker, or Hybrid. Strictures were identified through antegrade pyelography following nephrostomy placement., Results: A total of 141 patients were included in the study, with 60 patients in the Wallace group (42 %), 42 patients in the Bricker group (30 %), and 39 patients in the Hybrid group (28 %). The overall incidence of ureteroenteric strictures was 15 %, with 7 patients in the Wallace group, 11 patients in the Bricker group, and 3 patients in the Hybrid group experiencing strictures. There was no statistically significant difference in stricture rates between the Wallace and Bricker groups (11 % vs. 26 %, p = 0.09) or between the Wallace and Hybrid groups (11 % vs. 7 %, p = 0.73). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the Bricker and Hybrid groups (26 % vs. 7 %, p = 0.03). The mean time to stricture development was 9.2 ± 3.3 months for the Wallace group, 9.5 ± 3.7 months for the Bricker group, and 12.6 ± 5 months for the Hybrid group (p = 0.407)., Conclusion: The Hybrid ureteroenteric anastomosis technique exhibits a lower stricture rate compared to the Bricker and Wallace techniques. It represents a safe and feasible alternative technique., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Alfred Russell Wallace's The Malay Archipelago, published in 1869, is a classic text in natural history and the theory of evolution. Amidst heroic hunting narratives and picturesque descriptions of local fauna and flora, stands out a curious episode in which Wallace describes adopting a baby orangutan, whose mother he had killed. Wallace, a British naturalist and collector, cultivated an affectionate relationship with the orphaned orangutan, often referring to her as his "baby." This paper examines how the orangutan was transformed from being a moving target for museum display, to a beloved companion but also a scientific specimen. In this process, Wallace redesigned his colonial bungalow to a space that combined domestic settings with engineered nature-like environments, a familiar construction in later primate research. I use Wallace's adoption episode to discuss how affect and care were interwoven into the exploitative relations of British naturalists and physiologists and the animals they studied. The account of Wallace's idiosyncratic relationship with the orangutan is augmented with additional documentation of the close relationships of scientists with research animals, staged as familial kinship. The emergence of the "laboratory pet" demonstrates how the production of knowledge, the sharing of households, and human-animal emotional ties were interwoven in early biomedical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

›Experience‹ was a key moment in classical sea fiction. For it was first and foremost its ventures and undertakings, its discoveries and explorations that made seafaring a challenge for poetry and storytelling. But where can maritime writing begin after the sea, formely an elementary challenge, has become a crossroad of geopolitical interests and a medium of globalized economies? Cruise ships, for example, are floating adventure parks in which the traditional experience of the sea is virtualized and, in the mode of ›thalassic regression‹, integrated into the economy of the latest consumer and event capitalisms. In order to grasp the management and marketing of such maritime meta-experiences (including their ›real‹ flip side), a peculiar way of writing is required – less an old-style sea poetry than an experimental essayism, such as D.F. Wallace has tested it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite today’s controversy regarding several aspects of his legacy, Swiss-born Harvard Professor Louis Agassiz (1807–1873) was one of the most eminent scientists of his time. After his death, Washington-based photographer and amateur naturalist, Henry Ulke (1821–1910), honored his ‘esteemed friend’ which is clear from his personal letter of condolence addressed to Agassiz’s eldest son Alexander, and a posthumous portrait (oil on canvas) dated 1876. In 1877, his portrait was purchased by the United States Capitol, but it was not accepted by the Joint Committee on the Library. Thereafter, it soon went missing and remained unnoticed for nearly 150 years, until the same portrait (or at least a second, original version) was brought to auction in 2013 by heirs of the Ulke family. The painting is based on a rare carte-de-visite photograph, which bears the 1876 backstamp of Henry’s brother, Julius Ulke (1833–1910). Both the painting and the card, undoubtedly depicting Agassiz, were once mislabeled as General Francis E. Spinner, United States Treasurer (1802–1890), probably by Henry’s son, Titus Ulke (1866–1961) or another descendent. The rediscovery of the painting is of major historic and artistic importance. It is now on display in the library of Elasmobranch Research, Belgium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the outcome and complication rate in a single institution experience using the two most commonly used techniques of ureteroenteric anastomosis, the Bricker and Wallace anastomosis.Methods: A total of 137 patients underwent ileal conduit for bladder cancer. Ureters were anastomosed by two experienced surgeons, one performing a Bricker and the other, a Wallace anastomosis. Stricture was identified during clinical follow-up.Results: Seventy-five patients underwent a Bricker anastomotic, and 65 received a Wallace anastomosis. The average age was 70 in both groups, males were predominant (66% Bricker, 70% Wallace). Follow up period was 36.5 months in Bricker group and 17 months in Wallace group. In both groups, the body mass index (BMI) was similar (26.1 kg/m2 Bricker and 26.4 kg/m2 Wallace). We observed that the stricture rate after performing the Bricker anastomosis technique was 25.3% (19/75) as compared to 7.7% (5/65) after Wallace anastomosis technique, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001). In the Bricker group, patients with strictures had higher BMI (28.3 vs. 25.7 kg/m2, p = 0.05). On average it took 8.5 months in the Bricker group and three months in the Wallace group (p = 0.6) to develop stricture.Conclusions: The stricture rate was significantly higher when Bricker technique was applied. Although the BMI was not different in both groups, patients with a higher BMI were more likely to develop stricture. We believe that the approach of the separate and refluxing technique of Bricker anastomosis especially in obese patients poses a higher risk for anastomotic stricture formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uses of natural selection argument in politics have been constant since Charles Darwin's times. They have also been varied. The readings of Darwin's theory range from the most radically individualist views, as in orthodox socio-Darwinism, to the most communitarian, as in Peter Kropotkin's and other socialist perspectives. This essay argues that such diverse, contradictory, and sometimes even outrageous political derivations from Darwin's theory may be partially explained by some incompleteness and ambivalences underlying Darwin's concepts. "Natural selection," "struggle for existence," and "survival of the fittest" are open concepts and may suggest some hierarchical and segregationist interpretations. Circumstantially, Darwin accepted social "checks," such as discouraging marriage of "lower" individuals to prevent them from reproducing, in a vein of Malthusian politics. This makes Darwin's theory of selection by struggle collide with his theory of social instincts, by which he explains the origins of morality. It also favors reading Darwin's On the Origin of Species or The Descent of Man from opposite, mostly ideological perspectives. Darwin's position is ambivalent, although hardly unreasonable. The recognition he makes of social instincts, as well as the use of the concept of artificial selection, entails accepting the role of human consciousness, by which social evolution cannot be reduced to natural evolution, as socio-Darwinians did next and as some neo-Darwinists seem to repeat. On these grounds, this essay argues the inadequacy of the conventional model of natural selection for understanding politics. If we want to describe politics in Darwin's language, artificial rather than natural selection would be the concept that performs better for explaining the courses of politics in real society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work takes a stand on whether Wallace should be regarded as co-author of the theory of natural selection alongside Darwin as he is usually considered on behalf of his alleged essential contribution to the conception of the theory. It does so from a perspective unexplored thus far: we will argue for Darwin's priority based on a rational reconstruction of the theory of natural selection (following a hierarchical perspective for scientific theories, we present its conceptual framework together with its fundamental and special laws) as it appears in the writings of both authors. We show that the theory does not appear in exactly the same manner in the writings of each of its alleged co-discoverers: tough we find the same fundamental elements in both works, even in Darwin's early texts, we discern a more complex unifying and ramified structure than the one we find in Wallace's Ternate manuscript. Even when we think the badge of the "Darwin-Wallace" theory is well deserved, the unifying force of Darwin's version has proved to be one of the keys for the ulterior success of the so-called Darwinian revolution in Biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

«Significa ancora qualcosa, oggi, parlare di “borghesia”?», chiede provocatoriamente Francesco de Cristofaro ne Il borghese fa il mondo (2017: 397), un corposo volume collettivo, da lui stesso curato insieme a Marco Viscardi, con saggi, tra gli altri, di Antonio Prete, Romano Luperini, Antonio Gargano, Pierluigi Pellini, Stefano Manferlotti, Francesco Fiorentino, Arturo Mazzarella, Clotilde Bertoni, e interventi di Toni Servillo ed Elio de Capitani, che riflettono sull’attualità della cultura borghese.

Evolucionistas antes de Darwin e Wallace já tinham mencionado o mecanismo da seleção natural. Para Darwin, a variação existe em larga escala entre populações e ela está disponível para a ação da seleção natural. Parte dessa variação beneficia seus portadores na luta pela sobrevivência. Wallace chegou a conclusões semelhantes quase ao mesmo tempo. A seleção natural como mecanismo de mudança evolutiva foi universalmente adotada após a Síntese Moderna (1930-1940). Nos últimos cinquenta anos, entretanto, outros mecanismos e processos evolutivos foram descobertos. Hoje em dia, é quase consenso que a seleção natural não é suficiente para explicar a evolução biológica. Atualmente, a necessidade de uma significativa extensão da teoria evolutiva, em algo como uma Síntese Estendida, é ponto principal de discussão. Em tal teoria, a seleção natural deixa de ter um papel criativo uma vez que a variação é limitada por outros processos que não a seleção. O objetivo do presente artigo é estabelecer o papel da seleção natural em três momentos distintos da história da biologia evolutiva, de Darwin até a Síntese Estendida.

In 1997, David Foster Wallace published “The Depressed Person,” a short story about a privileged, deeply unhappy woman dedicated to exploring and recounting the texture and etiology of her chronic depression. This essay argues that “The Depressed Person” challenges the long-standing assumption that narrativizing the pain of depression is crucial to overcoming it, and the contemporary view that empathic responses from others promote recovery of the depressed. Taken together, these two critiques inform Wallace’s portrayal of chronic depression as an interactive phenomenon that is articulated, sustained, and regenerated through problematic contexts of interaction. Written at a time when public knowledge of and talk about depression was surging, “The Depressed Person” holds an important, if presently under-recognized place, in the expansive corpus of depression texts that emerged in the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporaries of Charles Darwin were divided on reconciling his theory of natural selection with religion and morality. Although Alfred Russel Wallace stands out as a spiritualist advocate of natural selection who rejected a natural origin of morality, the science popularizer and spiritualist Arabella Buckley (1840-1929) offers a more representative example of how theists, whether spiritualist or more orthodox in their religion, found reconciliation. Unlike Wallace, Buckley emphasized the lawful evolution of morality and of the soul, drawing from the theological tradition of traducianism. Significantly, Buckley argued for a mutualistic and deeply theistic interpretation of Darwinian evolution, particularly the evolution of morals, without sacrificing the uniformity of natural law. Though Buckley's understanding of the evolutionary epic has been represented as emphasizing mutualism (Gates 1998) and spiritualist theology (Lightman 2007), here I demonstrate that her distinctive addition to the debate lies in her unifying theory of traducianism. In contrast to other authors, I argue that through Buckley we better understand Victorian spiritualism as more of a religion than an occult science. However, it was a conception of religion that, through her evolutionary traducianism, bridged science and spiritualism. This offers historians a more complex but satisfying image of the Victorian worldview after Darwin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historians tend to speak of the problem of the origin of species or the species question, as if it were a monolithic problem. In reality, the phrase (or similar variants) refers to a, historically, surprisingly fluid and pluriform scientific issue. It has, in the course of the past five centuries, been used in no less than ten different ways or contexts. A clear taxonomy of these separate problems is useful or relevant in two ways. It certainly helps to disentangle confusions that have inevitably emerged in the literature in its absence. It may, secondly, also help us to gain a more thorough understanding, or sharper view, of the (pre)history of evolutionary thought. A consequent problem-centric look at that (pre)history through the lens of various origin of species problems certainly yields intriguing results, including and particularly for our understanding of the genesis of the Wallace-Darwin theory of evolution through natural selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews and notices are provided on 21 books, all but two published in 2015 or 2016. These are concerned with diverse aspects of biodiversity and conservation, including phylogenetic diversity, conservation law, habitat management, soils, and regional works. This is the sixth of a series of cumulative reviews and book notices, which generally appear annually in the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]