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Calaway, C, Walls, K, Levitt, H, Caplan, J, Mann, B, Martinez, K, Gastaldo, R, Haq, I, and Signorile, JF. Frequency of velocity-based-training frequency impacts changes in muscle morphology, neuromuscular performance and functional capability in persons with Parkinson's disease. J Strength Cond ResXX(X): 000–000, 2024—Velocity-based training (VBT) positively impacts muscle morphology and performance in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, optimal training frequencies for VBT in patients with PD remain undetermined. Changes in ultrasound-determined muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI)–derived muscle quality of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL), neuromuscular performance, and functional capacity were examined following 2 VBT frequencies (2–3 d·wk−1) using 30% velocity loss thresholds for 12 weeks. Neuromuscular performance was assessed using computerized pneumatic resistance machines. For each variable, 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine significant main effects and interactions. Significant time effects were seen for MT and EI of all muscles (p< 0.05). Muscle thickness improvements included right VL (RVL) (0.171 ± 0.065 cm; p= 0.019), left VL (LVL) (0.214 ± 0.101 cm; p= 0.049), right RF (RRF) (0.194 ± 0.077 cm; p= 0.023), and left RF (LRF) (0.318 ± 0.109 cm; p= 0.010). For EI, improvements occurred in RVL (−18.688 ± 3.600; p= <0.001), LVL (−10.959 ± 4.894; p= 0.040), RRF (−9.516 ± 3.537; p= 0.016), and LRF (−9.018 ± 3.444; p= 0.019). Time effects were seen for leg-press 1-repetition maximum and peak power (p< 0.01) and habitual walking speed (p= 0.022), with a group by time interaction for maximal gait speed favoring the 3 d·wk−1condition (∆0.15 m·s−1, p= 0.002). The results indicate that VBT at 2 or 3 d·wk−1can significantly improve muscle morphology, neuromuscular performance, and functional capability in patients with PD; however, improvements in maximal gait speed require 3 d·wk−1. These findings provide flexibility when developing exercise prescriptions for patients with PD.