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1. Árboles amenazados del Chocó ecuatoriano

Author

Walter A. Palacios and Nubia Jaramillo

Subjects
especies forestales amenazadas, madera, aprovechamiento, deforestación, threatened timber species, wood, logging, deforestation, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Presentamos un análisis del estado de amenaza de cerca de 25 especies forestales del noroccidente de Ecuador, las cuales son demandadas por su madera. Revisamos datos sobre inventarios forestales extensivos realizados en la zona, las estadísticas del Ministerio del Ambiente sobre el aprovechamiento maderero, datos de colecciones depositadas en el Herbario Nacional del Ecuador y de la base de datos Tropicos.org (Missouri Botanical Garden), información sobre los cambios de cobertura vegetal que pudieran afectar las poblaciones, y las categorías y criterios de la Lista Rojo de la UICN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza). Nuestro análisis muestra que hay una fuerte corelación entre la abundancia y demanda de la madera versus el grado de amenaza de estas especies. Se concluye que siete especies de árboles del Chocó Ecuatoriano están seriamente amenazadas (Carapa amorphocarpa, C. megistocarpa, Caryodapnopsis theobromifolia, Magnolia dixonnii, Nectandra guadaripo, Magnolia striatifolia, Parinari romeroi).We present an analysis on the threat status of about 25 species of trees from northwestern Ecuador, which are in demand for timber. We reviewed data on extensive forest inventories carried out in the region, logging statistics from the Ministry of Environment, data from collections deposited at the Herbario Nacional del Ecuador and from Tropicos.org database (Missouri Botanical Garden), information on land cover changes that may affect populations, and the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria of risk extinction (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Our analyses show that a strong correlation between abundance and demand versus the degree of threat to timber species. It is concluded that seven species of trees from the Ecuadorian Choco are seriously threatened (Carapa amorphocarpa, C. megistocarpa, Caryodapnopsis theobromifolia, Magnolia dixonnii, Nectandra guadaripo, Magnolia striatifolia, Parinari romeroi).

Published
2016
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2. Storage methods For Cinchona Pubescens Vahl. Seeds, Imbabura, Ecuador

Author

Jorge Luis Cué García, Yajaira Alexandra Cuasque Peñafiel, Hugo Vinicio Vallejos Álvarez, Mario José Añazco Romero, Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca, and Andrés Manolo Carrión Burgos

Subjects
refrigeración, envases, germinación, pureza, contenido de humedad, vigor germinativo., Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

The management of forest seeds in Ecuador, in relation to their storage, is still insufficient, in particular the Cinchona pubescens Vahl. The objective was to determine the quality of the seeds and the best methods of seed storage of C. pubescens, using different times, containers and conditions. Seed collection was in Intag, Imbabura. The factors under study were: storage time, types of packaging and storage conditions. The quality of the seeds was determined at the time of harvest and in each treatment. Purity reached 76.5 %, the weight of 1,000 seeds was 0.31 g and the humidity content was 14 %. In the first storage trial, no germination was observed in any treatment from the first month. In the second trial, the best storage method was transparent cover stored in refrigeration for one week, which showed 9.25 % germination power. Cinchona pubescens seeds lose their viability quickly, which becomes null after one month of storage.

Published
2020

3. Determinación de un ciclo de conducción eficiente para la ciudad de Esmeraldas

Author

Freddy Orlando Colcha Guashpa, Andrés Estuardo Mero Parrales, Walter Vinicio Palacios Quiroz, and Vladimir Wilfrido Guachá Ibarra

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Se determinó un ciclo de conducción eficiente en función del aprovechamiento del consumo de combustible en la ciudad de Esmeralda, utilizando un vehículo Optra 1,8 con gasolina extra de 85 octanos. Para ello fue necesario adaptar un sistema de alimentación externo de combustible para calcular el consumo de combustible, se aplicó el protocolo de conducción eficiente, se seleccionó tres rutas de tránsito rápido, se utilizó GPS Vizualizer para trazar la ruta y generar el perfil de elevación. Para la adquisición de datos cada segundo, se empleó el método directo y la técnica On Board, mediante un interfaz OBD II y la aplicación TORQUE PRO para móvil, estos datos son tratados en Excel para obtener la curva de ciclo de conducción. Mediante el método estadístico de promedios ponderados se determinó la ruta 1 que va por el centro de la ciudad, desde el sector de las Palmas hasta Vuelta Larga, como el ciclo de conducción eficiente, obteniendo una velocidad promedio de 36,2 Km/h, en una trayectoria de 15Km, durante 1750s, valores representativos de la Norma FTP-75.

Published
2023

4. A new species and a new record for Cedrela (Meliaceae, Sapindales) in Ecuador: morphological, molecular, and distribution evidence

Author

WALTER A. PALACIOS, MARIA DE LOURDES TORRES, MARTINA ALBUJA QUINTANA, PACARINA ASADOBAY, JUAN IGLESIAS, RICHARD QUILLUPANGUI, ESTEFANIA ROJAS, JANETH SANTIANA, AUGUSTO SOLA, and GONZALO RIVAS-TORRES

Subjects
Sapindales, Tracheophyta, Magnoliopsida, Plant Science, Biodiversity, Meliaceae, Plantae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy
Abstract

A new Cedrela (Meliaceae) species, Cedrela angusticarpa, is described through a combination of taxonomic, morphological, and molecular analyses. Cedrela kuelapensis, originally described as an endemic species of northern Peru, is also reported here as a new record for Ecuador. Cedrela angusticarpa has oblong or oblong-lanceolate glabrous leaflets, rounded at the base. Inflorescences are up to 70 cm long, and flowers present a cupuliform calyx with five regular teeth. Fruits are narrowly obovoid capsules. Through molecular analyses using nine microsatellite loci, it is evident that samples from C. angusticarpa form their own genetic cluster when compared to the most morphologically similar species, C. odorata, suggesting that they belong to a new separate species. Additionally, here we report that C. angusticarpa has a very narrow geographic range, recorded between 550 and 1300 m in elevation, and restricted to the relatively small areas of northwestern Ecuador. Climatic niche modelling techniques were used as a proxy for assessing potential distributions and habitat loss percentages for both C. angusticarpa and C. kuelapensis. Finally, IUCN Red List categories and criteria were applied to assess the conservation status of both Cedrela species analyzed here.

Published
2023

5. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Ekananda Paudel, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Erika Berenguer, Edilson J. Requena-Rojas, Xinghui Lu, Luciana F. Alves, Yves Laumonier, Matt Bradford, Keith C. Hamer, Heike Culmsee, Robert M. Ewers, Jan Reitsma, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Anne Mette Lykke, Kuswata Kartawinata, Michael J. Lawes, Géraldine Derroire, Martin Gilpin, Jean-François Bastin, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Laszlo Nagy, José Luís Camargo, Gabriella Fredriksson, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Casimiro Mendoza Bautista, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, Ida Theilade, Erny Poedjirahajoe, Bonaventure Sonké, Jefferson S. Hall, Naret Seuaturien, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Simon L. Lewis, Francesco Rovero, Carlos Mariano Alvez-Valles, Donald R. Drake, Agustín Rudas Lleras, Lee J. T. White, Gerardo A.Aymard Corredor, Damien Catchpole, Tariq Stévart, Samuel Almeida, Janet Franklin, Mohammad Shah Hussain, Nicholas J. Berry, Jon C. Lovett, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Onrizal Onrizal, Ted R. Feldpausch, Wannes Hubau, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, José Luís Marcelo Peña, Juliana Schietti, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Connie J. Clark, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, William E. Magnusson, Shengbin Chen, K. Anitha, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Flávia R. C. Costa, John R. Poulsen, Faridah Hanum Ibrahim, Aurélie Dourdain, Irie Casimir Zo-Bi, Heriberto David-Higuita, Rahmad Zakaria, Mario Percy Núñez Vargas, Karina Melgaço, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Damien Bonal, Murray Collins, Jos Barlow, Emilio Vilanova, Yadvinder Malhi, Andes Hamuraby Rozak, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Badru Mugerwa, Terry L. Erwin, John Pipoly, Bruno Hérault, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, William F. Laurance, Luzmila Arroyo, Jean-Louis Doucet, Lilian Blanc, Henrik Balslev, Percival Cho, Priya Davidar, Sonia Palacios-Ramos, John Terborgh, Peter M. Umunay, Shijo Joseph, Robert Muscarella, Massiel Corrales Medina, Rueben Nilus, Robert Steinmetz, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Rhett D. Harrison, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Peter S. Ashton, Sophie Fauset, Adriana Prieto, Christelle Gonmadje, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Andreas Hemp, R. Nazaré O. de Araújo, Markus Fischer, Hoang Van Sam, Ferry Slik, Jianwei Tang, Luiz Menini Neto, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Tran Van Do, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Aisha Sultana, Marc P. E. Parren, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Frans Bongers, Campbell O. Webb, Lan Qie, Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison, Justin Kassi, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Georgia Pickavance, Jérôme Millet, Joice Ferreira, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Manichanh Satdichanh, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Rodrigo Sierra, Oliver L. Phillips, Vianet Mihindou, William Milliken, Walter A. Palacios, Fernando Alzate Guarin, Charles E. Zartman, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Arachchige Upali Nimal Gunatilleke, Eddy Nurtjahya, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Janvier Lisingo, Nobuo Imai, Asyraf Mansor, Kenneth R. Young, Serge A. Wich, Ruwan Punchi-Manage, Christine B. Schmitt, Simone Aparecida Vieira, D. Mohandass, Thaise Emilio, Gemma Rutten, Fabian Brambach, Steven W. Brewer, Timothy R. Baker, Carolina V. Castilho, Timothy J. Killeen, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Martin van de Bult, Feyera Senbeta, Eileen Larney, Bente B. Klitgård, Phourin Chhang, Hans ter Steege, Runguo Zang, Simon Willcock, Wendeson Castro, María Uriarte, Jean Philippe Puyravaud, Andrew R. Marshall, R. Toby Pennington, Jens-Christian Svenning, Jonathan Timberlake, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Douglas Sheil, Susan K. Wiser, Lila Nath Sharma, Raman Sukumar, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Andy Hector, Luis E.O.C. Aragao, Wanlop Chutipong, David Harris, Carlos A. Quesada, Thomas W. Gillespie, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Edmund V. J. Tanner, Carlos E. Cerón Martínez, William J. Baker, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Nicolas Labrière, Paulo S. Morandi, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Edward L. Webb, Andreas Ensslin, David Campbell, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Robert M. Kooyman, Aurora Levesley, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Hebbalalu S. Suresh, Ophelia Wang, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Marc K. Steininger, P. Rama Chandra Prasad, Systems Ecology, Robert Muscarella, Uppsala University / Aarhus University, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, University of Montpellier, Luzmila Arroyo, Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University, Plinio Barbosa de Camargo, CENA-USP, Jos Barlow, Lancaster University, Jean-François Bastin, ETH Zürich, Natacha Nssi Bengone, National Agency of National Parks of Gabon, Erika Berenguer, Lancaster University / University of Oxford, Nicholas Berry, The Landscapes and Livelihoods Group, Lilian Blanc, CIRAD / University of Montpellier, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre / Goethe University, Damien Bonal, Université de Lorraine, Frans Bongers, Wageningen University & Research, Matt Bradford, CSIRO Land and Water, Percival Cho, Forest Department, Connie Clark, Duke University, Murray Collins, University of Edinburgh, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service / Smithsonian Institution, Flávia R. C. Costa, INPA, Géraldine Derroire, CIRAD, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Tran Van Do, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Jean-Louis Doucet, Liège University, Aurélie Dourdain, CIRAD, Andreas Ensslin, University of Bern, Terry Erwin, Smithsonian Institution, Corneille E. N. Ewango, University of Kisangani, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, David J. Harris, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Rhett D. Harrison, World Agroforestry, East and Southern Africa Region, Andrew Hector, University of Oxford, Wannes Hubau, University of Leeds / Royal Museum for Central Africa, Mohammad Shah Hussain, University of Delhi, Faridah-Hanum Ibrahim, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Nobuo Imai, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Carlos A. Joly, UNICAMP, Shijo Joseph, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Anitha K, Rainforest Traditions, Kuswata Kartawinata, The Field Museum of Natural History / Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Justin Kassi, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Timothy J. Killeen, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Kanehiro Kitayama, Kyoto University, Bente Bang Klitgård, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Michael J. Lawes, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Aurora Levesley, University of Leeds, Janvier Lisingo, Kisangani University, Thomas Lovejoy, George Mason University, Jon C. Lovett, University of Leeds / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Xinghui Lu, Liaocheng University, Anne Mette Lykke, Aarhus University, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Casimiro Mendoza Bautista, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Vianet Mihindou, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux / Ministère de la Forêt et de l’Environnement, Jérôme Millet, French Agency for Biodiversity, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, D. Mohandass, Novel Research Academy, David A. Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Luiz Menini Neto, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rueben Nilus, Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Mario Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Eddy Nurtja, Universitas Bangka Belitung, R. Nazaré O. de Araújo, INPA, Onrizal Onrizal, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Walter A. Palacios, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Sonia Palacios-Ramos, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Marc Parren, Wageningen University & Research, Ekananda Paudel, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Paulo S. Morandi, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, R. Toby Pennington, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh / University of Exeter, Georgia Pickavance, University of Leeds, John J. Pipoly III, Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Field Museum, Erny Poedjirahajoe, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Lourens Poorter, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, John R. Poulsen, Duke University, P. Rama Chandra Prasad, International Institute of Information Technology, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, Sigur Nature Trust, Lan Qie, University of Lincoln, Carlos A. Quesada, INPA, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, INDEFOR, Universidad de Los Andes, Ervan Rutishauser, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gemma Rutten, University of Bern, Ruwan Punchi-Manage, University of Peradeniya, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG / UFRA, Hoang Van Sam, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Manichanh Satdichanh, hinese Academy of Sciences / World Agroforestry Centre, Juliana Schietti, INPA, Jianwei Tang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Edmund Tanner, University of Cambridge, Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Systems Ecology, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Universidad Mayor Real and Pontifical de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Campbell O. Webb, University of Alaska, Edward L. Webb, National University of Singapore, Lee White, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux / Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale / University of Stirling, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, University of Minnesota, Serge Wich, Liverpool John Moores University / University of Amsterdam, Simon Willcock, Bangor University, Wanlop Chutipong, King Mongut's Institute of Technology Thonburi, Douglas Sheil, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Andreas Hemp, University of Bayreuth, Bruno Herault, CIRAD / Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, IIAP, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, IIAP, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Aarhus University / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ghana Forestry Commission, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Everton C. de Almeida, UFOPA, Samuel S. de Almeida, MPEG, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, UFMT, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Luciana F. Alves, University of California, Carlos Mariano Alvez-Valles, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Fernando Alzate Guarin, Universidad de Antioquia, Ana Andrade, INPA, Luis E. O. C. Aragão, INPE / University of Exeter, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Peter S. Ashton, Harvard University, Gerardo A. Aymard Corredor, Compensation International Progress / UNELLEZ-Guanare, Timothy R. Baker, University of Leeds, Fabian Brambach, University of Goettingen, Francis Q. Brearley, Manchester Metropolitan University, Steven W. Brewer, Wild Earth Allies, Jose L. C. Camargo, INPA, David G. Campbell, Grinnell College, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Wendeson Castro, SOS Amazônia, Damien Catchpole, University of Tasmania, Carlos E. Cerón Martínez, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Shengbin Chen, Chengdu University of Technology, Phourin Chhang, Forestry Administration, Massiel Nataly Corrales Medina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Heike Culmsee, German Federal Foundation for the Environment, Heriberto David-Higuita, Universidad de Antioquia, Priya Davidar, Sigur Nature Trust, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, IIAP, Robert M. Ewers, Imperial College London, Sophie Fauset, University of Plymouth, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, Markus Fischer, University of Bern, Janet Franklin, University of California, Gabriella M. Fredriksson, Pro Natura Foundation, Thomas W. Gillespie, University of California, Martin Gilpin, University of Leeds, Christelle Gonmadje, University of Yaoundé / National Herbarium, Arachchige Upali Nimal Gunatilleke, University of Peradeniya, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, King Abdulaziz University, Jefferson S. Hall, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Keith C. Hamer, University of Leeds, Lila Nath Sharma, ForestAction Nepal, Robert Kooyman, Macquarie University / Royal Botanic Gardens, Nicolas Labrière, CNRS, Eileen Larney, TEAM / Zoological Society of London, Yves Laumonier, CIRAD, Susan G. Laurance, James Cook University, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yadvinder Malhi, University of Oxford, Asyraf Mansor, Universiti Sains Malaysia / Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina / ESALQ-USP, Ben H. Marimon-Junior, UNEMAT, Andrew R. Marshall, University of the Sunshine Coast / University of York / Flamingo Land, Karina Melgaco, University of Leeds, Abel Lorenzo Monteagudo Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Badru Mugerwa, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Kyoto University, Laszlo Nagy, UNICAMP, Naret Seuaturien, WWF Thailand, Marcelo T. Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison, University of Fianarantsoa, Jan Meindert Reitsma, Bureau Waardenburg BV, Edilson J. Requena-Rojas, Universidad Continental, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Ecosystems Services and Climate Change (SECC) Group, COL-TREE Corporatio, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Anand Roopsind, Boise State University, Francesco Rovero, University of Florence / Museo delle Scienze, Andes Rozak, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Agustín Rudas Lleras, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Christine B. Schmitt, University of Bonn / University of Freiburg, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, UNEMAT, Feyera Senbeta, Addis Ababa University, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Universidad de La Serena, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Bonaventure Sonké, University of Yaoundé, Robert Steinmetz, WWF Thailand, Tariq Stévart, Missouri Botanical Garden, Raman Sukumar, Indian Institute of Science, Aisha Sultana, University of Delhi, Terry C. H. Sunderland, University of British Columbia / CIFOR, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana Suresh, Indian Institute of Science, John W. Terborgh, University of Florida / James Cook University, Ida Theilade, University of Copenhagen, Jonathan Timberlake, Warren Lane, Armando Torres-Lezama, Universidad de Los Andes, Peter Umunay, Yale University, María Uriarte, Columbia University, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Martin van de Bult, Doi Tung Development Project, Social Development Department, Peter van der Hout, Van der Hout Förestry Consulting, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, MPEG, Simone A. Vieira, UNICAMP, Emilio Vilanova, University of California, Susan K. Wiser, Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Rahmad Zakaria, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Runguo Zang, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Charles E. Zartman, INPA, Irié Casimir Zo-Bi, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University., Donald R. Drake, University of Hawai'i at M?noa, Marc K. Steininger, University of Maryland, Thaise Emilio, UNICAMP / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Simon L. Lewis, University of Leeds / University College London, Ferry Slik, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Uppsala University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Rainforest Research Sdn Bhd

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, DIVERSITY, Biomasa, Biomassa, Arecaceae, AFRICAN, 580 Plants (Botany), 01 natural sciences, BIOMASS, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.02 [http], biomasse aérienne des arbres, Abundance (ecology), CARBON STORAGE, Floresta Tropical, Densité, Silvicultura, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, ALLOMETRY, above-ground biomass, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), GE, Condições abióticas locais, biology, Ecology, Inventaire forestier, abundance patterns, tropical, Facteur du milieu, wood density, PE&RC, Geography, Physical, 0501 Ecological Applications, Geography, Biogeografia, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversité, C180 Ecology, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Variance génétique, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, pantropical biogeography, Neotropics, F40 - Écologie végétale, Zona tropical, Biogéographie, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Subtropics, 010603 evolutionary biology, Bois, local abiotic conditions, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Densidade da Madeira, Ekologi, Science & Technology, 0602 Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, QK, Diameter at breast height, Biology and Life Sciences, facteurs abiotiques, DIVERSIFICATION HISTORY, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, EVOLUTION, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, AMAZONIAN FOREST, Physical Geography, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, PATTERNS, tropical rainforest, Tropical rainforest
Abstract

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

Published
2020

6. Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Author

Jérôme Chave, Katherine H Roucoux, Gregory P. Asner, Frederick C. Draper, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, C. E. Timothy Paine, Mauricio Sánchez Sáenz, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, J. Sebastián Tello, Julien Engel, Raquel Thomas, Dilys M. Vela, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, José Luís Camargo, Jim Vega Arenas, Roosevelt Garcia Villacorta, Jean-François Molino, Francisco Dallmeier, Antonio S. Lima, Fernanda Carvalho, Luzmila Arroyo, Gerardo Aymard, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Germaine Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Jonathan Lloyd, Walter A. Palacios, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Tinde van Andel, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Narel Y.Paniagua Zambrana, Adriana Prieto, Marcos José Salgado Vital, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Gabriel Damasco, James A. Comiskey, Gabriel Arellano, Carlos A. Guerra, Oscar J.Valverde Barrantes, Klécia Gili Massi, Marcos Ríos Paredes, José Julio de Toledo, Gilberto E.Navarro Aguilar, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Victor Chama Moscoso, José Reyna Huaymacari, William E. Magnusson, Sandra Patiño, Renato R. Hilário, Guido Pardo, Manuel Flores, Paul E. Berry, Miguel Alexiades, Ricardo de Oliveira Perdiz, Hans ter Steege, Fredy R. Ramirez Arévalo, Nállarett Dávila, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, Vincent A. Vos, Juliana Schietti, Erika Berenguer, Elvis Valderamma Sandoval, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Rodrigo Sierra, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Daniel Sabatier, Kyle G. Dexter, Ted R. Feldpausch, Jessica Soares Cravo, Claire Fortunel, Elodie Allie, Italo Mesones, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Carolina V. Castilho, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Leslie Cayola Pérez, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Ophelia Wang, Oliver L. Phillips, Pascal Petronelli, Flávia Delgado Santana, Roel J. W. Brienen, Alberto Vicentini, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Michelle Kalamandeen, Kalle Ruokolainen, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Cesar J.Cordova Oroche, Aurélie Dourdain, Marcos Silvera, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Niro Higuchi, Jacob B. Socolar, Susan G. Laurance, Ana C. Andrade, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Jason Vleminckx, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jean Yves Goret, Sophie Fauset, John Pipoly, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Luis A. Torres Montenegro, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Mathias Disney, Paul V. A. Fine, Ana M. Aldana, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, André Braga Junqueira, Nayane C.C.S. Prestes, Christopher Baraloto, Sidney Araújo de Sousa, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Wenderson Castro, Alvaro Duque, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Yadvinder Malhi, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Timothy R. Baker, Darcy F. Galiano Cabrera, Carlos Cerón, Manuel J. Macía, Peter M. Jørgensen, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, M. C. Peñuela, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Systems Ecology, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-BSV7-0009,NEBEDIV,Le rôle des ennemis naturels dans la diversité béta des arbres tropicaux(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), Florida International University, University of Leeds, Arizona State University, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Michigan, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vrije Universiteit, Lancaster University, University of Oxford, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Missouri Botanical Garden, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, University of California Berkeley, University of Turku, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Compensation International Progress S. A.—Ciprogress Greenlife, IRD, University of New England, Université de Guyane, UMR EcoFoG, Universidad de Las Américas, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) CNRS/UPS, University of Plymouth, Cornell University, University of Exeter, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Estación Biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, University of St Andrews, Federal University of Amapá, James Cook University, George Mason University, National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution, University of Cambridge, Laurentian University, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), University of Amsterdam, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Universidad do Estado de Mato Grosso, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, University of Minnesota, University College London, Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia), Universidade Federal do Acre, Duke University, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia—UFRA/CAPES, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidad de Los Andes, Universidad de los Andes, University of Washington, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Agteca-Amazonica, Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Broward County Parks and Recreation, Florida Atlantic University-Davie, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Washington University in St Louis, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Geoinformática & Sistemas (GeoIS), Northern Arizona University, University of Texas at Austin, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), University of Kent, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, University of Birmingham, Imperial College London, The Field Museum, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Research Institute Alexander von Humboldt, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, and University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Amazonian, Biodiversity, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, SD Forestry, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Humans, Dominance (ecology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SD, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, GE, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, DAS, Plant community, Understory, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Tropical ecology, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Brazil, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The forests of Amazonia are among the most biodiverse plant communities on Earth. Given the immediate threats posed by climate and land-use change, an improved understanding of how this extraordinary biodiversity is spatially organized is urgently required to develop effective conservation strategies. Most Amazonian tree species are extremely rare but a few are common across the region. Indeed, just 227 ‘hyperdominant’ species account for >50% of all individuals >10 cm diameter at 1.3 m in height. Yet, the degree to which the phenomenon of hyperdominance is sensitive to tree size, the extent to which the composition of dominant species changes with size class and how evolutionary history constrains tree hyperdominance, all remain unknown. Here, we use a large floristic dataset to show that, while hyperdominance is a universal phenomenon across forest strata, different species dominate the forest understory, midstory and canopy. We further find that, although species belonging to a range of phylogenetically dispersed lineages have become hyperdominant in small size classes, hyperdominants in large size classes are restricted to a few lineages. Our results demonstrate that it is essential to consider all forest strata to understand regional patterns of dominance and composition in Amazonia. More generally, through the lens of 654 hyperdominant species, we outline a tractable pathway for understanding the functioning of half of Amazonian forests across vertical strata and geographical locations. Institute of Environment Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University School of Geography University of Leeds Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science Arizona State University Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Departamento de Biología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Naturalis Biodiversity Center Systems Ecology Vrije Universiteit Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Missouri Botanical Garden Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Department of Intergrative Biology University of California Berkeley Department of Biology University of Turku Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana UNELLEZ-Guanare Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) Compensation International Progress S. A.—Ciprogress Greenlife AMAP Université de Montpellier CIRAD CNRS INRAE IRD Environmental and Rural Science University of New England INRA UMR EcoFoG AgroParisTech CNRS CIRAD Université des Antilles Université de Guyane CIRAD UMR EcoFoG BIOMAS Universidad de Las Américas Instituto de Ecología Herbario Nacional de Bolivia Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Rondônia Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) CNRS/UPS School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Plymouth Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Department of Geography University of Exeter Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Estación Biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missouri Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona School of Geography & Sustainable Development University of St Andrews Department of Environment and Development Federal University of Amapá Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service Smithsonian Institution Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Living with Lakes Centre Laurentian University DRGB Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) Herbarium Amazonense (AMAZ) Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana Department of Ecology Universidade de São Paulo Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Roraima Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas Universidad do Estado de Mato Grosso Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Department of Ecology Evolution and Behaviour University of Minnesota Department of Geography University College London Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia) Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza Universidade Federal do Acre Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia—UFRA/CAPES Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Fundación Natura Colombia Universidad de Los Andes Facultad de Forestales Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Institute of Research for Forestry Development Universidad de los Andes School of Environmental and Forest Sciences (SEFS) University of Washington Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam Agteca-Amazonica Universidad Autónoma del Beni Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones (IMANI) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Broward County Parks and Recreation Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University-Davie Museu Universitário Universidade Federal do Acre Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad Estatal Amazónica Department of Biology Washington University in St Louis National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Geoinformática & Sistemas (GeoIS) School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability Northern Arizona University Department of Geography and the Environment University of Texas at Austin Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Universidade Federal do Amazonas Herbario Alfredo Paredes (QAP) Universidad Central del Ecuador School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Science and Education The Field Museum Universidad Tecnica del Norte Herbario Nacional del Ecuador Research Institute Alexander von Humboldt Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Published
2021

7. Sesenta y cuatro nuevos registros para la flora del Perú a través de inventarios biológicos rápidos en la Amazonía peruana

Author

Ítalo Mesones Acuy, Hamilton Beltrán, David A. Neill, Paul V. A. Fine, Gabriela Núñez Iturri, Walter A. Palacios, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Luis A. Torres Montenegro, Nallarett Davila Cardozo, Jill T López-López, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Nancy Hensold, Tony J Mori Vargas, Isau Huamantupa, William Trujillo Calderón, Norma Salinas Revilla, and Corine Vriesendorp

Subjects
perú, field museum, Amazon rainforest, primeros registros, Geography, lcsh:Biology (General), plantas, inventarios rápidos, lcsh:Q, amazonía, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, lcsh:Science, Humanities, lcsh:QH301-705.5
Abstract

Durante el período 2000 – 2016, se llevaron a cabo 15 inventarios biológicos en áreas remotas en el pie de monte andino y el llano amazónico del Perú. En estos inventarios, 27 botánicos colectaron un total de 9397 especímenes de plantas vasculares fértiles. Hasta finales del 2017, más de la mitad de estos especímenes se han identificado a nivel de especie, de los cuales 64 especies y 2 géneros (Dicorynia y Monopteryx) representan nuevos registros para la flora del Perú. Si esta tasa de novedades se mantiene, el número de registros nuevos en el material de los inventarios podría aumentar, lo cual nos indica que aún queda mucho por descubrir en la flora andino-amazónica del Perú.

Published
2019

8. Sensación y percepción en la construcción del conocimiento / Sensation and perception in the construction of knowledge

Author

Fausto Vilatuña Correa, Diego Guajala Agila, Juan José Pulamarín, and Walter Ortiz Palacios

Subjects
Sensación, percepción, conocimiento, aprendizaje, cerebro corporizado, neurociencias, Education (General), L7-991, Philosophy (General), B1-5802
Abstract

En el presente trabajo nos referiremos a dos temas que frecuentemente han sido estudiados por la filosofía del conocimiento: sensación y percepción. Con ello queremos suministrar un panorama –desde una perspectiva filosófica, teniendo en cuenta el aporte de las neurociencias (NCs)– sobre el proceso perceptivo y su relación en la construcción del conocimiento, así, procuraremos explicar el rol que desempeña, analizando sus componentes, y su vinculación en el proceso de aprendizaje. Y dado que la educación actual se enfrenta a nuevos retos, esta investigación se enmarca en la propuesta de integrar los estudios cognitivos al sistema educativo.

Published
2012
Full Text
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9. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author

Bruno Herault, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Jean-François Bastin, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Martin Dančák, Matt Bradford, Frans Bongers, Stuart J. Davies, Reuben Nilus, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Lip Khoon Kho, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Joey Talbot, Richard F. Preziosi, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, José Luís Camargo, Terese B. Hart, Juliana Schietti, Peter S. Ashton, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ophelia Wang, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Amy C. Bennett, Janvier Lisingo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Jérôme Chave, Connie J. Clark, Christopher Baraloto, Gerardo Aymard, Serge K. Begne, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Timothy R. Baker, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Julie Peacock, Hermann Taedoumg, Simon L. Lewis, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Greta C. Dargie, Murielle Simo-Droissart, David Harris, Faizah Metali, Hans ter Steege, Richard Lowe, Géraldine Derroire, Benoit Burban, Camila Silva Valeria, Martin Svátek, Wannes Hubau, Sarah A. Batterman, Vincent A. Vos, Elizabeth Kearsley, Peter M. Umunay, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hans Verbeeck, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, John R. Poulsen, Simon Willcock, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jean-Louis Doucet, Foster Brown, Yadvinder Malhi, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Ronald Vernimmen, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Martin Gilpin, Colin R. Maycock, Carlos Cerón, Radim Hédl, Oliver L. Phillips, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roderick Zagt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Pascal Boeckx, Roel J. W. Brienen, Marcelo F. Simon, Keith C. Hamer, Alberto Vicentini, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Clément Stahl, Javier Silva Espejo, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Erika Berenguer, Pieter A. Zuidema, Vianet Mihindou, Murray Collins, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Terry Brncic, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Paulo S. Morandi, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, William E. Magnusson, Lilian Blanc, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nicholas J. Berry, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Luzmila Arroyo, Douglas Sheil, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Sean C. Thomas, Eric Arets, Ernest G. Foli, Lola da Costa, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Lan Qie, James Singh, Lise Zemagho, Agustín Rudas, Richard B. Primack, Jan Reitsma, Annette Hladik, Alexander K. Koch, Colin A. Pendry, Walter A. Palacios, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Nicolas Labrière, Fernando Elias, Eric Chezeaux, William Milliken, Manuel Gloor, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Jefferson S. Hall, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Susan G. Laurance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marcos Silveira, Carolina V. Castilho, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kamariah Abu Salim, Joeri A. Zwerts, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Jos Barlow, Georgia Pickavance, Joice Ferreira, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Jorcely Barroso, Andrew R. Marshall, Miguel Alexiades, Lindsay F. Banin, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Rafael Herrera, Hans Beeckman, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Michelle Kalamandeen, Adriana Prieto, Ben Hur Marimon, Casimiro Mendoza, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Vincent Droissart, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Hannah L. Mossman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Aurélie Dourdain, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Bente B. Klitgaard, James Taplin, Damien Bonal, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jason Vleminckx, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Verginia Wortel, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Toby R. Marthews, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Andrew Ford, Niro Higuchi, Aida Cuni Sanchez, Aline Pontes Lopes, Laszlo Nagy, John Pipoly, Lee J. T. White, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, European Research Council, European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, National Geographic Society, Centre for International Forestry Research, Agence Nationale Des Parcs Nationaux (Gabon), University of Leeds, Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Edinburgh, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] (INPE), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Sch Geosci, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Biodiversité et Paysage, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Woods Hole Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Rougier Gabon, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), AgroParisTech, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université de Liège, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Milieux Désordonnés et Hétérogènes (LMDH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Commissariat général du Plan (CGP), Premier ministre, Instituto Nacional de Pequisas da Amazônia, Instituto National de Pequisas da Amazonia Brazil, Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, BP 30 379 Libreville, Gabon, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], James Cook University (JCU), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), University of Mary Washington, Chercheur indépendant, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Forest Research Centre (FRC), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Bur Waarderburg, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, CarboForExpert, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Stirling, Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Animal Ecology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Ecology, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Tropical trees, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth, Planet, Climate, Acclimatization, Tropical forest carbon stocks, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Growth, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Tropical climate, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Photosynthesis, Hectare, Productivity, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Wood, Productivity (ecology), Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, C180 Ecology, Tree, Leaf Respiration, Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks, Climate Change, Climate change and forestry, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Global warming, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Carbon, CO₂ Fertilization, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acclimation
Abstract

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate., Our plot monitoring networks havebeen supported by multiple grants from a large number of funding bodies: European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; European Union’s Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Framework Programme; Royal Society, Leverhulme Trust; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Geographic Society; Centre for International Forestry; and Gabon’s National Park Agency.

Published
2020

10. Trees of Amazonian Ecuador

Author

Nigel C. A. Pitman, Gonzalo Rivas Torres, Paola Altamirano, Hans ter Steege, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Nora H. Oleas, David A. Neill, Katya Romoleroux, Carmen Ulloa Ulloa, Carlos Cerón, Diana Fernández-Fernández, Walter A. Palacios, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, relative abundance, species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, taxonomy, IUCN Red List, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, tree species list, Species diversity, tree spatial coordinates, Forestry, Amazon tree community, permanent plot network, Geography, Herbarium, large scale inventories, Taxonomy (biology), Species richness, Ecuador, richness, Missouri Botanical Garden
Abstract

We compiled a data set for all tree species collected to date in lowland Amazonian Ecuador in order to determine the number of tree species in the region. This data set has been extensively verified by taxonomists and is the most comprehensive attempt to evaluate the tree diversity in one of the richest species regions of the Amazon. We used four main sources of data: mounted specimens deposited in Ecuadorian herbaria only, specimen records of a large-scale 1-hectare-plot network (60 plots in total), data from the Missouri Botanical Garden Tropicos® database (MO), and literature sources. The list of 2,296 tree species names we provide in this data set is based on 47,486 herbarium records deposited in the following herbaria: Alfredo Paredes Herbarium (QAP), Catholic University Herbarium (QCA), Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE), Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), and records from an extensive sampling of 29,768 individuals with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥10 cm recorded in our plot network. We also provide data for the relative abundance of species, geographic coordinates of specimens deposited in major herbaria around the world, whether the species is native or endemic, current hypothesis of geographic distribution, representative collections, and IUCN threat category for every species recorded to date in Amazonian Ecuador. These data are described in Metadata S1 and can be used for macroecological, evolutionary, or taxonomic studies. There are no copyright restrictions; data are freely available for noncommercial scientific use (CC BY 3.0). Please see Metadata S1 (Class III, Section B.1: Proprietary restrictions) for additional information on usage.

Published
2019

11. Picrasma longistaminea, una nueva especie de Simaroubaceae de los Andes del Ecuador

Author

Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Geography, Taxon, Ecology, biology, Plant morphology, Phenology, Botany, Taxonomy (biology), Simaroubaceae, Picrasma, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

A new species, Picrasma longistaminea, Simaroubaceae, from Ecuadorian Andes is described and illustrated. A description of morphological features is presented, and information on distribution, phenology, uses and common names are provided. The new species is compared with its most closely related taxon, P. excelsa, a widespread species in the Neotropics.

Published
2015

12. Una especies nueva de Guarea (Meliaceae) del suroriente de Ecuador

Author

Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Meliaceae, Ecology, biology, 010607 zoology, Rainforest, Guarea, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Reticulate, Inflorescence, Botany, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

A new species of Guarea (Meliaceae) from the rainforests of Ecuador, G. cauliracemosa, is described. It is distinguished by the following combination of characters: leaflets densely tomentulose, underside of leaves with conspicuously reticulate tertiary venation and inflorescence cauline-racemose. The species is known only from Cordillera del Condor, Zamora-Chinchipe province, south-eastern Ecuador.

Published
2016

13. Distribution and abundance of tree species in swamp forests of Amazonian Ecuador

Author

Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David A. Neill, Milton Aulestia, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Walter A. Palacios, Nigel C. A. Pitman, John Terborgh, Miles R. Silman, and Carlos Cerón

Subjects
Geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Habitat, Common species, Floodplain, Ecology, Tree inventory, Agroforestry, Amazonian, Biological dispersal, Vegetation, Swamp, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Research to date on Amazonian swamps has reinforced the impression that tree communities there are dominated by a small, morphologically specialized subset of the regional flora capable of surviving physiologically challenging conditions. In this paper, using data from a large-scale tree inventory in upland, floodplain, and mixed palm swamp forests in Amazonian Ecuador, we report that tree communities growing on well-drained and saturated soils are more similar than previously appreciated. While our data support the traditional view of Amazonian swamp forests as low-diversity tree communities dominated by palms, they also reveal four patterns that have not been well documented in the literature to date: 1) tree communities in these swamp forests are dominated by a phylogenetically diverse oligarchy of 30 frequent and common species; 2) swamp specialists account for 80%) also occur in adjacent well-drained forest types; and 4) many tree species present in swamps are common in well-drained forests (e.g. upland oligarchs account for 34.1% of all swamp stems). These observations imply that, as in the temperate zone, the composition and structure of Amazonian swamp vegetation are determined by a combination of local-scale environmental filters (e.g. plant survival in permanently saturated soils) and landscape-scale patterns and processes (e.g. the composition and structure of tree communities in adjacent non-swamp habitats, the dispersal of propagules from those habitats to swamps). We conclude with suggestions for further research to quantify the relative contributions of these factors in structuring tree communities in Amazonian swamps.

Published
2014

14. Árboles amenazados del Chocó ecuatoriano

Author

Nubia Jaramillo and Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, especies forestales amenazadas, madera, aprovechamiento, deforestación, threatened timber species, wood, logging, deforestation, Q1-390, Geography, Science (General), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forestry, General Medicine, TA1-2040, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 01 natural sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Presentamos un análisis del estado de amenaza de cerca de 25 especies forestales del noroccidente de Ecuador, las cuales son demandadas por su madera. Revisamos datos sobre inventarios forestales extensivos realizados en la zona, las estadísticas del Ministerio del Ambiente sobre el aprovechamiento maderero, datos de colecciones depositadas en el Herbario Nacional del Ecuador y de la base de datos Tropicos.org (Missouri Botanical Garden), información sobre los cambios de cobertura vegetal que pudieran afectar las poblaciones, y las categorías y criterios de la Lista Rojo de la UICN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza). Nuestro análisis muestra que hay una fuerte corelación entre la abundancia y demanda de la madera versus el grado de amenaza de estas especies. Se concluye que siete especies de árboles del Chocó Ecuatoriano están seriamente amenazadas (Carapa amorphocarpa, C. megistocarpa, Caryodapnopsis theobromifolia, Magnolia dixonnii, Nectandra guadaripo, Magnolia striatifolia, Parinari romeroi).We present an analysis on the threat status of about 25 species of trees from northwestern Ecuador, which are in demand for timber. We reviewed data on extensive forest inventories carried out in the region, logging statistics from the Ministry of Environment, data from collections deposited at the Herbario Nacional del Ecuador and from Tropicos.org database (Missouri Botanical Garden), information on land cover changes that may affect populations, and the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria of risk extinction (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Our analyses show that a strong correlation between abundance and demand versus the degree of threat to timber species. It is concluded that seven species of trees from the Ecuadorian Choco are seriously threatened (Carapa amorphocarpa, C. megistocarpa, Caryodapnopsis theobromifolia, Magnolia dixonnii, Nectandra guadaripo, Magnolia striatifolia, Parinari romeroi).

Published
2016

15. A new species of Cedrela (Meliaceae) from the eastern flanks of Ecuador

Author

Janeth Santiana, Walter A. Palacios, and Juan Iglesias

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Meliaceae, Domatium, Plant Science, Biology, Cedrela, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Calyx, Apex (geometry), 03 medical and health sciences, Genus, Botany, Nebulosa, Eudicots, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

A new species, Cedrela domatifolia, is described. It is characterized by the leaves of 55–80 cm long, leaflets 10–15 pairs, this oblong-lanceolate, 15–25 cm long × 4–8 cm wide, with prominent and inflated domatium on the axes of the secondary veins on the underside; calyx shortly cupuliform, 2.3–2.5 mm long, 5-lobed, one side (in open flower, not in bud) split down to the base; corolla purple-reddish with the margin and apex cream, and bearded inside. The new species is a tree that reaches 40 m in height and is only known from the eastern slopes of Ecuador, between 800 and 1100 m approximately. It grows exclusively on black laminar rocks, slate type, and has a strong and unpleasant smell of garlic, more noticeable than in other species of the genus. The most related species is C. nebulosa, but with smaller leaflets without domatium. The distribution area of the first one is enclosed within the second.

Published
2019

16. A new species of Miconia (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) from Northwest Ecuador

Author

Diana Fernández-Fernández, Fabián A. Michelangeli, and Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
Genus, Melastomataceae, Miconia, Botany, Ovary (botany), Type locality, Petal, Plant Science, Biology, Eudicots, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Calyx
Abstract

A new species, Miconia yeseniae , is described and illustrated. The species is part of the Amblyarrhena section and is distinguished from others of the genus by the large (2–2.5 cm long) pink petals, the well-developed outer calyx teeth (4.9–5.1 mm long) and the 10-angular ovary. The most related species are Miconia glandulistyla , M . floribunda , M . codonostigma , M . glandulistyla and M . grandiflora . The new species reaches 8 m in height and is known only from the type locality, on the slopes of Cerro Golondrinas, on the Andean flanks of the northwest of Ecuador, in the humid forest.

Published
2018

17. Two New Species of Lauraceae from Ecuador

Author

Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Bract, biology, Indumentum, Plant Science, Lauraceae, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Magnoliids, Plant morphology, Pedicel, Botany, Aniba, Ocotea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Two species of Lauraceae of Ecuador are described: Aniba magnifica and Ocotea granulosa. Aniba magnifica is characterized by its large vegetative parts and its dense strigulose indumentum on the underside of its young leaves, inflorescences and bracts. Ocotea granulosa is distinguishable by the dense strigulose indumentum, mixed with amorphous blackish granules on the underside of the young leaves, peduncles, pedicels and receptacles, and by a flat or slightly recurved leaf base.

Published
2018

18. Tree Community Change across 700 km of Lowland Amazonian Forest from the Andean Foothills to Brazil

Author

Milton Aulestia, Dairon Cárdenas, Rodolfo Vásquez-Martínez, Carlos Cerón, Rodolphe Spichiger, Abel Monteagudo, Pierre-André Loizeau, Nállarett Dávila, V Percy Núñez, Elvis Valderrama, Marcos Ríos, Walter A. Palacios, Hugo Mogollón, Manuel Ahuite, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Oliver L. Phillips, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Juan Ernesto Guevara, David A. Neill, and Timothy R. Baker

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering), Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Soil texture, Biogeography, Community structure, Edaphic, Foothills, Transect, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

We describe patterns of tree community change along a 700-km transect through terra firme forests of western Amazonia, running from the base of the Ande si n Ecuador to the Peru‐Brazil border. Our primary question is whether floristic variation at large scales arises from many gradual changes or a few abrupt ones. Data from 54 1-ha tree plots along the transect support the latter model, showing two sharp discontinuities in community structure at the genus level. One is located near the Ecuador‐Peru border, where the suite of species that dominates large areas of Ecuadorean forest declines abruptly in importance to the east. This discontinuity is underlain by a subterranean paleoarch and congruent with a change in soil texture. A second discontinuity is associated with the shift from clay to white sand soils near Iquitos. We hypothesize that the first discontinuity is part of an edaphic boundary that runs along the Andean piedmont and causes a transition from tree communities preferring richer, younger soils near the base of the Andes to those preferring poorer, older soils farther east. Because the floristic changes observed at this discontinuity are conserved for large distances to the east and west of it, the discontinuity is potentially key for understanding floristic variation in western Amazonia. The significant

Published
2008

19. Are all species necessary to reveal ecologically important patterns?

Author

Nigel C. A. Pitman, Milton Aulestia, Edwin Pos, Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Daniel Sabatier, Rodrigo Sierra, Milton Tirado, David A. Neill, Carlos Cerón, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Jean-François Molino, Ophelia Wang, Hans ter Steege, Walter A. Palacios, Anthony Di Fiore, Gonzalo Rivas, Hugo Mogollón, Raquel Thomas, Kenneth R. Young, Roderick Zagt, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Duke University [Durham], Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Dpt of Anthropology [Austin], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
Beta diversity, Similarity of species composition, large-scale ecological patterns, morpho-species, Biology, computer.software_genre, Nonmetric multidimensional scaling, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, Mantel test, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Morpho species, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Original Research, Ecology, Species name, Fisher's alpha, Species diversity, Beta-diversity, spatial turnover, Indets, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, indets, Taxon, Evolutionary biology, Spatial turnover, Ordination, similarity of species composition, Data mining, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Large-scale ecological patterns, computer
Abstract

International audience; While studying ecological patterns at large scales, ecologists are often unable to identify all collections, forcing them to either omit these unidentified records entirely, without knowing the effect of this, or pursue very costly and time-consuming efforts for identifying them. These “indets” may be of critical importance, but as yet, their impact on the reliability of ecological analyses is poorly known. We investigated the consequence of omitting the unidentified records and provide an explanation for the results. We used three large-scale independent datasets, (Guyana/ Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador) each consisting of records having been identified to a valid species name (identified morpho-species – IMS) and a number of unidentified records (unidentified morpho-species – UMS). A subset was created for each dataset containing only the IMS, which was compared with the complete dataset containing all morpho-species (AMS: = IMS + UMS) for the following analyses: species diversity (Fisher's alpha), similarity of species composition, Mantel test and ordination (NMDS). In addition, we also simulated an even larger number of unidentified records for all three datasets and analyzed the agreement between similarities again with these simulated datasets. For all analyses, results were extremely similar when using the complete datasets or the truncated subsets. IMS predicted ≥91% of the variation in AMS in all tests/analyses. Even when simulating a larger fraction of UMS, IMS predicted the results for AMS rather well. Using only IMS also out-performed using higher taxon data (genus-level identification) for similarity analyses. Finding a high congruence for all analyses when using IMS rather than AMS suggests that patterns of similarity and composition are very robust. In other words, having a large number of unidentified species in a dataset may not affect our conclusions as much as is often thought.

Published
2014

20. Forest-Cover Change from Labor- and Capital-Intensive Commercial Logging in the Southern Chocó Rainforests

Author

Milton Tirado, Rodrigo Sierra, and Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
Agroforestry, business.industry, Geography, Planning and Development, Logging, Rainforest, Geography, Agriculture, Forest cover, Capital (economics), Capital intensity, Forest degradation, business, Earth-Surface Processes, Tropical deforestation
Abstract

This article examines two key aspects of land-cover change in the south of the Choco region. First, it assesses and compares the local impact on forest condition of labor-intensive and capital-intensive commercial logging. Second, it assesses the regional significance and permanency of these changes. Studies of land-cover change associated with commercial logging have focused almost exclusively on capital-intensive extraction and have assumed that after logging, degraded forests are transformed into agricultural cover. This study shows that both capital- and labor-intensive logging result in similar land-cover changes (i.e., forest degradation) if the timber sought is the same. However, labor-intensive loggers also seek timber species not sought by capital-intensive loggers, and this impact is statistically different from the impact of the extraction of the first group of species. Results also show that only a small fraction (20–30 percent) of the area logged is later converted to agricultural co...

Published
2003

21. A COMPARISON OF TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN TWO UPPER AMAZONIAN FORESTS

Author

Milton Aulestia, Miles R. Silman, John Terborgh, Nigel C. A. Pitman, V Percy Núñez, Walter A. Palacios, Carlos Cerón, and David A. Neill

Subjects
Geography, biology, Common species, National park, Ecology, Amazonian, Rare species, Myrtaceae, Species diversity, Understory, biology.organism_classification, Iriartea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

We inventoried two Amazonian tree communities separated by ;1400 km of continuous lowland tropical forest, in an effort to understand why one was more diverse than the other. YasuniNational Park, near the equator in eastern Ecuador, has one of the most diverse tree communities in the world. Manu National Park, at 128 S in Peru's Madre de Dios region, is only moderately diverse by upper Amazonian standards. Following the field inventories, a database of morphological, ecological, and other traits was compiled from the taxonomic literature for 1039 species from the plots. Our goals were (1) to describe how terra firme tree communities at the two sites differed in composition, diversity, and structure; (2) to characterize the ''extra'' species responsible for the higher diversity at Yasuni ´; and (3) to assess, in the light of those observations, some explanations for why forests near the equator are so diverse. Yasunihas ;1.4 times as many tree species as Manu at all three spatial scales we examined: local (1 ha), landscape (,10 000 km 2 ), and regional (,100 000 km 2 ). Yasuni ´ samples contain more families and genera, more individual trees per unit area, and a larger proportion of small trees. Tree species at Yasunihave smaller stature, larger leaves, larger seeds, and smaller geographic and altitudinal ranges than those at Manu, and dispropor- tionate increases in species diversity are observed within the Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Me- lastomataceae, and several other families. Community structures were strikingly similar, with the same species (Iriartea deltoidea, a palm) dominating both sites at identical den- sities. Common species at Yasunioccur at the same densities as equally ranked species at Manu, but there are substantially more very rare species at Yasuni ´. The poorer tree flora is not a nested subset of the richer tree flora, though a majority of species in each inventory do occur at the other site. Several models that offer explanations for geographic variation in tropical tree species diversity are assessed in light of these data. Most do a poor job of accounting for the patterns revealed by the inventories. We speculate that the most important factor in pro- ducing the higher diversity in Yasuniis its rainier, aseasonal climate, and we discuss two specific rainfall-related mechanisms that appear to be supported by the data: (1) year-round water availability allowing more species to persist in the understory at Yasuniand (2) a newly described ''mixing effect'' related to the higher stem density there.

Published
2002

22. DOMINANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF TREE SPECIES IN UPPER AMAZONIAN TERRA FIRME FORESTS

Author

Milton Aulestia, Walter A. Palacios, Nigel C. A. Pitman, V Percy Núñez, John Terborgh, Miles R. Silman, David A. Neill, and Carlos Cerón

Subjects
Geography, biology, Common species, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Amazonian, Rare species, Tropics, Dominance (ecology), Arecaceae, biology.organism_classification, Iriartea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Amazonian forests are the largest and most diverse in the tropics, and much of the mystery surrounding their ecology can be traced to attempts to understand them through tiny local inventories. In this paper we bring together a large number of such inventories scattered across immense areas of western Amazonia in order to address simple questions about the distribution and abundance of tropical tree species in lowland terra firme forests there. The goal is to describe patterns of commonness and rarity at local (1 ha), landscape (∼104 km2), and regional (>106 km2) scales, and to fuse the results into a more complete picture of how tropical tree communities are structured. We present estimates of landscape-scale densities for ∼1400 taxa, based on data from tree plots scattered over large tracts of terra firme forest in eastern Ecuador and southeastern Peru. A database of morphological, ecological, and other traits of >1000 of these species compiled from the taxonomic literature is then used to explore how species that are common in the inventories differ from species that are rare. Although most species show landscape-scale densities of

Published
2001

23. A new species of Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) subgenus Quadrisepala from Ecuadorian Amazonia

Author

Walter A. Palacios, Diana Fernández-Fernández, and Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Multinervis, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Elaeocarpaceae, Sloanea, Plant Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Botany, Subgenus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Sloanea multinervis, a new species collected in the terra firme forests of the Ecuadorean Amazon, is described and illustrated, and its morphological similarities with other species of Sloanea are discussed.

Published
2016

24. A new species of Colubrina (Rhamnaceae) of the Amazon region of Ecuador

Author

Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
Inflorescence, biology, Habitat, Amazon rainforest, Rhamnaceae, Botany, Colubrina, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Eudicots, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

A new species of Colubrina from the Amazon region of Ecuador is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by its elliptical and distichously arranged leaves, 10–18 × 4–8 cm, and the presence of basal, concave elliptical, glands, the short-shoots of the inflorescence with few nodes and seeds with two inner sides flat-concave and third side, as wide as the previous two and convex. The new species has been widely collected in areas below 700 m, and is expected to occur in similar habitats in the border areas of Colombia and Peru.

Published
2015

25. A new species of Amyris (Rutaceae) from southern Ecuador

Author

Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
Magnoliids, Lamina, Rutaceae, Botany, Acuminate, Plant Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Eudicots, Amyris, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Apex (geometry)
Abstract

A new species, Amyris karlitae, from southern Ecuador is described, illustrated and contrasted with closely related species. It is characterized by the following combination of characters: glabrous unifoliolate leaves with lamina elliptic, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 6–11 cm long, 4–6 cm wide, with apex acuminate or emarginate; secondary veins in 10–13 pairs, more or less convergent, inconspicuous, branched towards the margin; stamens 8, 4 short alternating with 4 longer. The new species grows in the semi-deciduous forests of southern Ecuador, between 1400 and 1700 m.

Published
2015

26. Pattern and process in Amazon tree turnover, 1976-2001

Author

Barbara Vinceti, Claudia I. Czimczik, John Terborgh, Timothy R. Baker, H. E. M. Nascimento, A. Di Fiore, R. Vásquez Martínez, Yadvinder Malhi, Sandra Brown, Carlos A. Quesada, J. Olivier, M. Saldias, J. N. M. Silva, Terry L. Erwin, David A. Neill, Miguel Alexiades, Niro Higuchi, Samuel Almeida, Jon Lloyd, Jérôme Chave, James A. Comiskey, Walter A. Palacios, Simon L. Lewis, P. Núñez Vargas, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Susan G. Laurance, Oliver L. Phillips, William F. Laurance, Timothy J. Killeen, A. Torres Lezama, C. Kuebler, S. Patiño, Abel Monteagudo, Luzmila Arroyo, Malhi, Y, and Phillips, OL

Subjects
Rain, Population, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, Medical and Health Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Trees, forest, Soil, Amazonia, Tropical climate, Biomass, Longitudinal Studies, Mortality, education, education.field_of_study, Biomass (ecology), Evolutionary Biology, Tropical Climate, Geography, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Reproduction, dynamics, Biological Sciences, South America, mortality, tree turnover, Carbon, Liana, Productivity (ecology), recruitment, Species richness, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Previous work has shown that tree turnover, tree biomass and large liana densities have increased in mature tropical forest plots in the late twentieth century. These results point to a concerted shift in forest ecological processes that may already be having significant impacts on terrestrial carbon stocks, fluxes and biodiversity. However, the findings have proved controversial, partly because a rather limited number of permanent plots have been monitored for rather short periods. The aim of this paper is to characterize regional–scale patterns of ‘tree turnover’ (the rate with which trees die and recruit into a population) by using improved datasets now available for Amazonia that span the past 25 years. Specifically, we assess whether concerted changes in turnover are occurring, and if so whether they are general throughout the Amazon or restricted to one region or environmental zone. In addition, we ask whether they are driven by changes in recruitment, mortality or both. We find that: (i) trees 10 cm or more in diameter recruit and die twice as fast on the richer soils of southern and western Amazonia than on the poorer soils of eastern and central Amazonia; (ii) turnover rates have increased throughout Amazonia over the past two decades; (iii) mortality and recruitment rates have both increased significantly in every region and environmental zone, with the exception of mortality in eastern Amazonia; (iv) recruitment rates have consistently exceeded mortality rates; (v) absolute increases in recruitment and mortality rates are greatest in western Amazonian sites; and (vi) mortality appears to be lagging recruitment at regional scales. These spatial patterns and temporal trends are not caused by obvious artefacts in the data or the analyses. The trends cannot be directly driven by a mortality driver (such as increased drought or fragmentation–related death) because the biomass in these forests has simultaneously increased. Our findings therefore indicate that long–acting and widespread environmental changes are stimulating the growth and productivity of Amazon forests.

Published
2004

27. Especies Nuevas de Meliaceae del Ecuador y Areas Adyacentes

Author

Walter A. Palacios

Subjects
Geographic distribution, biology, Botany, Trichilia, Plant Science, Guarea, biology.organism_classification, Humanities, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ruagea
Abstract

Six new species of Meliaceae are described: Trichilia primogenita, T. obovata, Guarea riparia, G. ecuadoriensis, Ruagea membranacea, and R. microphylla. The first species occurs in northwestern Ecuador, near the Colombian border, and the five remaining species are from extreme western Amazonia, in the border region between Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia. Exceptional characters or combinations of characters distinguish the new taxa from known species of Meliaceae. En los ultimos afnos los estudios floristicos en el Ecuador han alcanzado un significativo avance. El Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE) y el Jardin Botanico de Missouri (MO), con la participacion de la Fundaci6n Jatun Sacha, estan desarrollando una serie de investigaciones botanicas en vastas zonas del pais. Las areas con mayor 6nfasis visitadas han sido la Regi6n Amaz6nica bajo los 1,000 m y el noroccidente ecuatoriano. Miles de colecciones de plantas han permitido el mejor conocimiento de la flora y el descubrimiento para la ciencia de nuevas especies. Trichilia primogenita W. Palacios, sp. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. Esmeraldas: carretera LitaSan Lorenzo, 19 mayo 1987 (fl), van der Werff, Dodson & Palacios 9502 (holotipo, QCNE; isotipos, AAU, K, MO). Figura 1. Trichiliae poeppigii C. DC. affinis sed petiolo subtereti, foliolis obovatis, marginibus acutis nervis secundariis prominentibus, petalis liberis papillosis differt. Arbol mediano hasta 15 m de altura. Ramas jovenes densamente lenticeladas. Yemas jovenes densamente estrigulosas a subglabras. Hojas de 4070 cm de largo, imparipinnadas o paripinnadas y, en este caso, con el ultimo foliolo simulando ser terminal; peciolo semiterete, glabro; raquis semiterete, glabro; peciolulos de los foliolos laterales 4-8 mm de largo, engrosados; peciolulo del foliolo terminal 3-4 cm de largo con el apice ligeramente engrosado. Foliolos 5-7(-8), alternos, 16-30 cm de largo y 8-13 cm de ancho, obovados o elipticos a ligeramente oblanceolados, coriaceos; apice agudo a abruptamente corto acuminado, base angosta, aguda; haz y env6s glabros. Nervaci6n eucampt6dromabroquid6droma, 10-16 nervios secundarios a cada lado del nervio principal. Inflorescencia axilar o naciendo en las axilas de hojas caidas, panicula o tirso, profusamente florida, 8-30 cm de largo; ramificiones de la inflorescencia hasta 10 cm de largo o mas. Flores unisexuales (vistas 8). Caliz pateliforme-rotado, 0.8-1 mm de largo, (3-)4-5 lobulos cortos o ligeramente sinuados con pelos dispersos. Petalos 45, 2.6-3.4(-4) mm de largo y 1.2-2 mm de ancho, erectos, largamente ovados o ligeramente lanceolados, valvados, libres o unidos solamente en la base, glabros, papilosos. Tubo estaminal cilindrico-urceolado, 1.9-2.3 mm, con pelos o barbas dispersos por dentro; filamentos completamente fusionados, desiguales; 8-9 anteras alternando con lobulos subulados, las anteras ubicadas a diferente altura en el apice del tubo. Ovario 3-locular, pubescente, (1-)2 6vulos por l6culo, colaterales, estilo corto, estigma capitado, glabro. Fruto no conocido. La distribuci6n de T. primogenita, se conoce solo de la colecci6n tipo. De acuerdo a la clasificaci6n de Holdridge (1987), el area esta ubicada aproximadamente en la transici6n entre el Bosque Muy Humedo Tropical y el Bosque Pluvial Premontano. No existen datos meteorol6gicos de la zona, pero se cree que lueve mas de 5,000 mm por aiio. El suelo donde fue colectada la especie esta formado por una ligera capa de humus de 15-20 cm de profundidad, seguida por una capa arcillosa de color gris claro a blanco, al parecer del tipo caolinita. Trichilia primogenita esta relacionada a T. poeppigii C. DC. de la que difiere por el peciolo semiterete (peciolo semiterete-alado en la mitad basal, luego terete, usualmente con dos cicatrices o dos NOVON 4: 155-164. 1994. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.148 on Sun, 12 Jun 2016 05:13:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Published
1994

28. Biodiversidad del componente forestal en dos campus de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ecuador

Author

Jorge Luis Cue García, Eduardo Jaime Chagna Avila, Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca, and Andrés Manolo Carrión Burgos

Subjects
biodiversidad, riqueza, índice de shannon, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Forest biodiversity in two campuses of the Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ecuador Resumen En los Campus El Olivo y Granja Yuyucocha, de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, desde su creación, se han desarrollado prácticas de plantación de especies de interés forestal. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la biodiversidad forestal en estos campus. Se realizó un censo, durante los años 2018 y 2019, registrándose los individuos leñosos con independencia de su diámetro y altura. Fueron calculados índices de riqueza y de equitabilidad, tales como: índice de Margalef y de Menhinick, índice de Shannon y de Simpson, Números de Hill, así como los índices Pielou y de Hill. Fueron calculados también los índices de similitud de Jaccard y de Sørensen. La biodiversidad forestal es alta en los dos campus estudiados, no se presentaron especies dominantes y la distribución es equitativa, en tanto existe similitud entre ambas comunidades de acuerdo a los resultados de los índices de similitud de Jaccard y de Sørensen. Palabras clave: biodiversidad; riqueza; forestal. Abstract Since its creation, at the El Olivo and Granja Yuyucocha Campuses of the Technical University of the North, planting practices have been developed for species of forest interest. The objective of the work was to determine the forest biodiversity on these campuses. A census was carried out during the years 2018 and 2019, registering all woody individuals regardless of their diameter and height. Wealth and equity indices were calculated, such as: Margalef and Menhinick index, Shannon and Simpson index, Hill numbers, as well as the Pielou and Hill indices. The Jaccard and Sørensen similarity indices were also calculated. Forest biodiversity is high in the two studied campuses, there were no dominant species, and the distribution is equitable, as there is similarity between both communities according to the results of the Jaccard and Sørensen similarity indices. Keywords: biodiversity; wealth; forest.

Published
2020
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