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This paper presents a simulation of the potential cooling effect that can be harvested from the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) phase change process on the fuel line before being supplied to the combustion chamber. The composition of LPG used was obtained from the average test result of the samples taken periodically in the fuel line with a special gas syringe which were then injected into Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Effect of fluctuations of LPG composition was also analysed on the energy delivery to the combustion chamber. Furthermore, simulation results showed that the potential cooling that may be harvested from the LPG fuel system on a 2000 cm³ engine was 1.4 kW in the eco-driving mode to be used as a cabin cooler. For a small passenger car that has a cooling load of 3.5 kW, this means the cooling effect from the fuel system is capable of contributing 40% to the cooling load. In conclusion, this potential is very promising and can be applied to countries that not do have the winter experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High productivity of cultivars is still the main goal inbreeding programs of many crops in Indonesia. Efforts to increase maize productivity can be undertaken through systematical management of heterosis and combining ability from heterotic pool for establishing new prosperous hybrid cultivars. Hence, the aims of this research were to construct heterotic groups of maize inbred lines and to elucidate the role of the combining ability in the hybrid performance. Hundred hybrids were developed by crossing inbred lines in a complete diallel fashion. The combining ability of inbred lines was evaluated and analyzed by employing Griffing's method 1, cluster analysis and GGE biplot. The result revealed that the general and specific combining abilities could assign inbred lines into three heterotic groups and had a critical role in the hybrid performance for grain yields. Data recorded from reciprocal crosses tended to show better mean and gave more valuable information for hybrid breeding than direct crosses. The use of the combining ability analysis based on Griffing's and GGE biplot has clearly elucidated all characters observed in both general combining ability and specific combining ability. It would provide comprehensive information for genetic analysis in maize breeding. Three heterotic groups were created. The group 1 consisted of three inbred lines, group 2 had only one inbred line and rest were assigned into group 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean productivity can be increased by constant enhancement in the genetic yield potential of the genotypes and to reduce the yield losses due to different factors. The objectives of the present study were to screen and identify the F5 soybean promising lines through agronomic characters and pod shattering resistance. For soybean yield, the selection was made in the segregating populations through pedigree method which resulted in a total of 591 F5 populations and their four parental genotypes (Anjasmoro, G100H, Rajabasa, and Grobogan). Parental cultivar Anjasmoro is highly resistant to pod shattering, whereas the three other parental cultivars are high yielder but medium to susceptible in resistance to pod shattering. For shattering resistance, each soybean line was planted in 4.0 m single row, and then screened as per oven-dry method. Based on resistance to pod shattering, and the resistant gene source (found in cultivar Anjasmoro), 104 populations (16.40%) were selected out of 591 F5 lines and were classified as 'very resistant' to pod shattering. The pod length was one of the important contributors to the pod shattering resistance. New recombinations between Anjasmoro and other susceptible parental genotypes were able to have resistance to pod shattering and perform better for agronomic traits. Through simultaneous selection for pod shattering resistance and agronomic traits, the 30 lines were further selected based on maximum resistance to pod shattering and high grain yield. These selected F5 lines could be used in future breeding program for the development of soybean genotypes with genetic potential of pod shattering resistance and good yield in the tropical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enhancing maize grain yield in tropical regions faces significant challenges due to variability in agroclimate, soil conditions, and agroecosystems. Understanding genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction (GEI) in plant breeding is crucial for selecting and developing high-yielding genotypes adapted to diverse environments., Methods: Ten maize hybrids, including eight candidates and two commercial varieties, were evaluated across ten environments in Indonesia using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The GEI effect and yield stability were assessed using stability statistics, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI), and genotype + genotype × environment (GGE) biplot methods., Results and Discussion: Analysis of variance revealed a significant GEI effect, indicating differences in hybrid responses for grain yield (GY), allowing for stability analysis. G01 showed the highest GY based on the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) across environments. Correlation analysis indicated strong associations between stability statistics ( YS i and S (6 ) ) and GY, aiding in the selection of high-yielding hybrids. The integration of AMMI with the BLUP method, and weighted average of absolute scores (WAASB), enabled precise measurement of genotype stability. Overall, G01 (R0211), G04 (R0105), G05 (R0118), and G07 (R0641) emerged as high-yielding, stable hybrids based on stability statistics, AMMI, GGE biplot, and WAASB rankings. These hybrids offer promising candidates for maize genetic improvement programs in tropical regions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 Supriadi et al.)

Despite growing interest in both fields, research into how positive psychology principles and gamification can be integrated in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) environments and their impact on language learning outcomes remains insufficiently explored. Thus, this study intends to contribute by implementing a 10-week gamified learning program using the Quizizz application within CALL classrooms at a university in Thailand. A total of 69 first-year students, experiencing gamified learning-which integrates game elements into educational activities-for the first time, participated in this sequential explanatory mixed-method study, which combined a single-group design with narrative frames. After a one-week introduction to the course, the study progressed through two cycles-Cycle 1 spanned five weeks, and Cycle 2 lasted four weeks. Throughout these periods, we collected data using surveys, test scores, and narrative frames. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while narrative essays were examined using thematic analysis. The study found that positive psychology principles such as motivation, enjoyment, and anxiety remained stable over the two learning cycles, indicating that while gamified learning initially engages students, its effects do not significantly evolve without varied interventions. Even with high initial motivation and enjoyment, there were only modest improvements in reducing anxiety, suggesting that competitive elements in gamified environments might sustain some anxiety levels. Additionally, strengthened interrelationships among motivation, enjoyment, anxiety, and performance were observed, but these psychological factors did not directly predict grammar test outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study. This research was conducted independently, and no financial or personal relationships influenced the findings or interpretations presented in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Numerous studies have been carried out on the impacts of brand equity and service quality of higher education institutions (HEIs) on their reputation and students' satisfaction. This research aimed to compare the impact of brand equity and service quality on universities' reputations, namely Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) in Indonesia and International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in Malaysia, and Indonesian students' intention to choose the universities, which is moderated by study expense (price). UIN and IIUM are HEIs with a similar university concept, and Indonesian students have recently shown a high interest in them. The two universities have faculties not only in the field of Islamic studies but in general fields of studies as well, which are usually held by non-Islamic Universities. Therefore, their competitiveness against non-Islamic universities, especially the University of Indonesia (UI) has increased. Methods: The statistical measurement tool used was structural equation modeling (SEM). The number of items stated in the questionnaire was 45. Therefore, minimum data to be collected were 5 × 45 or 225 which rounded up to 228 from Indonesian students at UIN and IIUM (114 UIN students, and 114 Indonesian student respondents from IIUM). Results: The study results show that the universities' reputations are strongly affected by their brand equity and service quality, which then affect students' intention to choose the universities. Students had a higher intention to choose IIUM than UIN. The limitation of this research is that the effect of study expense on the intention of Indonesian students to study at UIN or IIUM has not yet been conducted. It will be conducted in the next study. Conclusions: These results are expected to be useful to UIN, IIUM, and especially Politeknik Negeri Jakarta (PNJ) in determining a strategy to enhance their reputations and the intention of Indonesian students to study there., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2023 Rizard SR et al.)

There is presently little known about students' use of SRL strategies and anxiety levels and the effects on learning outcomes overall and for specific skills in fully synchronous online English classes. Thus, this study explored 171 first-year non-English major students at an autonomous university in Thailand who had completed their first fully online courses for 12 weeks taught by foreign English lecturers. As measures, online self-regulated learning, students' anxiety in English learning, and course outcomes were employed by means of a mixed-method design. The findings revealed students' high use of SRL strategies and their significant contribution to their online learning outcomes. Nevertheless, students' anxiety levels were not a significant predictor of learning outcomes and could not dictate SRL strategies in online classes. These findings occurred among female and male students equally. This study observed an instrumental role of SRL strategies in students' online accomplishments in their first online learning experience. In conclusion, the current research highlights the crucial role of SRL strategies in online English language learning and provides valuable insights for language educators in designing effective pedagogical interventions. It suggests that SRL is not only important for achieving learning outcomes but also requires continuous monitoring and support from teachers and peers. Additionally, the study indicates that gender differences in SRL may not be significant in the context of synchronous online English classes. These findings have significant implications for the development of effective pedagogical practices for online language learning and underscore the need for further research in this area., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Consumer interest in privately managed urban transport services in Indonesia are showing a declining trend. On the other hand, the presence of Transportation on Demand (ToD) based on Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted the majority of conventional fleet customers which contribute to the declining trend of occupancy. Therefore, this study aims to present a feasibility study of a small car RE60 Three Passenger and One Driver (3P+1D) four-wheeler as an alternative to replace conventional fleets. The Break-Even Point ( BEP ), Net Present Value ( NPV ), Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ), and Payback Period ( PP ) are analyzed based on vehicle operating data. The analysis shows that there is an additional monthly income flow of IDR 1,533,122 and IDR 2,536,946 from RE60 operations compared to the high and low consumption of fuel from existing fleets, respectively. In conclusion, it is feasible to invest in small car RE60 as a replacement for the existing fleets since the fundamental indicators ( BEP , NPV, IRR, and PP ) showed positive results before the specified instalment period. Sensitivity analysis also shows good results, NPV shows positive results (>0) although the input conditions are made pessimistic to -30% from NPV base case. The BEP of RE60 will cut distance travelled at 190,670 km and 115,225 km, respectively. NPV of IDR 33,088,000 and IDR 80,841,000 will be obtained at the 60th month after the operation and IRR also enabled good scores, at 2.24% and 4.17%., (© 2020 The Author(s).)