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北京作为全国的文化中心，其饮食有着独特的历史文化地位。老字号是饮食文化发展成熟的一个标志。从明代起始，北京老字号发展迅速，字号众多，特色鲜明，极大地满足了人们的口味欲求，促进了饮食品位的提升。这主要得益于北京独有的区位优势。北京历来是南北文化及游牧和农耕经济的交汇之地，各种风味的融合为老字号的成长提供了优越的环境。元明清三代，北京又是全国的政治中心，达官贵人、名贤雅士对老字号的兴盛起来推波助澜的作用。, Beijing, as the national cultural center, the diet has its unique historical and cultural status. The time-honored is a sign of the mature of the diet culture development. From the beginning of Ming dynasty, Beijingʼs time-honored had developed rapidly, the shop names were numerous, distinctive, greatly satisfied the peopleʼs taste was desire and promoted the food grade. This mainly benefited Beijingʼs unique geographical advantage. Beijing has always been the intersection of the culture with north-nomadic and south-farming economy. The fusion of various flavors provided superior environment for the growth of time-honored. In three generations of Yuan, Ming and Qing, Beijing was the political center of the nation, dignitaries, celebrities and the persons of refined played a promoting role for the thriving of time-honored., Departmental Bulletin Paper, 個人研究論文

Sports is part of human nature. Humans, by nature, have the instinct to engage in sports competition for entertainment. The living environment defines the occurrence and development of sports among the minorities in western China. Its influence is basic in the process of their formation, although other social factors have gradually come into play. For all ethnic groups in the western regions, many sports were originally part of religious rituals. However, they gradually became separated from ritual ceremonies and evolved into pure entertainment forms. With the development of the socialist market economy, especially after the start of China Western Development, the promotion of tourism has linked sports, local festivals, natural scenery, and other cultural tourism resources in the development efforts. Tourism with emphasis on ethnic sports and entertainment has become a major focus of industrial development, and this has, in turn, become the natural direction of the development of ethnic sports and culture., Departmental Bulletin Paper, 論文

Amusements occupy a very important position in the culture of the national minorities in the West of China. The national minorities all live in the frontiers of the motherland, with very difficult transportation and communications conditions. So amusements help the people spend the depressing and monotonous days. On the other hand, the people of the national minorities have great talent in the art of singing, so they are always able to create something unique from ordinary life. Singing, in particular, conveys feelings, so it becomes the medium for expressing love between men and women. Amusements not only embody their national spirit, but also play the important role of uniting ethnic groups and educating the younger generations in terms of physical and spiritual happiness., Departmental Bulletin Paper, 論文

Departmental Bulletin Paper

Peking Diet Culture has a prominent place in Chinese Diet Culture and is a miniature of Chinese Diet Culture. Peking Diet Culture started with Homo erectus pekinensis. From “Beijing Man”, “New Cave Man”, “Upper Cave Man” to “East-hulin Man” and to “Shang-zhai culture”, at last, to “Snow-montain Man”, we can describe the rough track about the evolution of the diet that human being of Beijing area moved from mountain district （caves） to hilly region to piedmont flat, and finally, to Plain in the Age of Primitive Society. With Several hundred thousand years of development, the historical accumulation of Bingjing is the most remarkable. It formed the layout that fused the nomadic and farming dietetic flavor and coexisted the multi-diet-form. Especially, during the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Peking Diet Culture fully demostrated its unique glamour as the political central diet culture in the whole country., Departmental Bulletin Paper, 論文