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Currently, ceramic dentures are mainly obtained by using computer-assisted cutting block of material to obtain the shape as the removing a model of patient's mouth. Followed by immersion coloring, porcelain stacking, and sintering to obtain dentures similar to a patients' tooth, this is a large-loss and complex process. In this study, 16 standard tooth samples were successfully reduced by adding Fe 2 O 3 , Pr 6 O 10 , Er 2 O 3 , and MnO 2. After the colorful ceramic powder and photosensitive resin were configured into a slurry, a close to the sample tooth dentures was successfully prepared using digital light processing (DLP). The flexural strength and compressive strength of the ceramic specimens prepared by this method reached 821.01 ± 51.72 MPa and 2.67 GPa ± 0.22 MPa. To verify the biosafety of the prepared ceramics, we performed an in vitro biological evaluation of rat fibroblasts (L929). The resulting showed that the extracts of the prepared ceramic teeth had good biosafety, and the cells could also attach to the surface of the prepared ceramics. Hemolysis experiments confirmed good blood compatibility. Thus, our results show that DLP-printed standard tooth-colored ceramic dentures have good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and can provide a solution to patients seeking quick access to aesthetic dentures. We present a strategy for the development of standard tooth-colored, high-precision, high-mechanical-property and highly biocompatible ceramic dentures based on DLP light-curing printing technology. Through a large number of experiments to find the law of color adjustment, and achieved the reduction of 16 kinds of tooth color. Adjusting the printing parameters, high precision printing was realized. The samples are structurally stable after sintering and have excellent mechanical properties. Through CCK-8, hemolysis rate, live/dead cell staining, cell adhesion and cytoskeletal staining tests, the prepared denture showed excellent biocompatibility. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with healthy controls (HC) and evaluate the BDNF levels in T2DM patients with/without cognitive impairment. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for the published English literature on BDNF in T2DM patients from inception to December 2022. The BDNF data in the T2DM and HC groups were extracted, and the study quality was evaluated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. A meta-analysis of the pooled data was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software. Results: A total of 18 English articles fulfilled with inclusion criteria. The standard mean difference of the serum BDNF level was significantly lower in T2DM than that in the HC group (SMD: -2.04, z = 11.19, P <0.001). Besides, T2DM cognitive impairment group had a slightly lower serum BDNF level compared to the non-cognitive impairment group (SMD: -2.59, z = 1.87, P = 0.06). Conclusion: BDNF might be involved in the neuropathophysiology of cerebral damage in T2DM, especially cognitive impairment in T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present an algorithm to construct the qT distribution at NLO accuracy to arbitrary power precision, including the assembly of suitable zero-bin subtrahends, in a mathematically well-defined way for a generic choice of rapidity-divergence regularisation prescription. In its derivation, we divide the phase space into two sectors, the interior of the integration domain as well as the integration boundary, which we include here for the first time. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of our algorithm, we calculate the N2LP corrections for Higgs hadroproduction for the first time. We observe that our approximate N2LP-accurate qT spectra replicate the asymptotic behaviour of the full QCD calculation to a much better degree than the previously available results, both within the qT → 0 limit and in the large-qT domain for all the involved partonic processes. While playing a minor role at larger transverse momenta, we show that the newly incorporated boundary contribution plays a vital role in the qT → 0 limit, where any subleading power accuracy would be lost without them. In particular, our N2LP-accurate qT expansion can approximate the exact qT distribution up to qT ≈ 30 GeV at the percent level for rapidities |YH| ≲ 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical state line (CSL) is important for characterizing soils' properties. However, particle breakage is inevitable for granular soils such as rockfill. Therefore, the impact of particle breakage on CSL has always been one of the main focuses. Unfortunately, it has not yet been adequately resolved how particle breakage influences CSL quantitatively. Large-scale drained triaxial shearing tests of rockfill materials under various initial gradations, initial void ratios and confining pressure have been conducted in this paper. It shows that particle breakage could result in decrements in both of the stress ratio and void ratio at the critical state. The equation for a critical state line with none breakage (NBCSL) was theoretically derived and demonstrated. The intercept and gradient of CSL and NBCSL are inextricably related because of particle breakage, which has been quantified as follows: the intercept of CSL is identical to NBCSL's, and the gradient of CSL is a breakage-related constant plus that of NBCSL. In other words, the CSL and NBCSL of rockfill materials has actually been described by a unified equation. Based on this, the translation and rotation of CSL induced by changing gradation and void ratio can be explained from the essence of particle breakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional lateral heterostructures exhibit novel electronic and optical properties that are induced by their in-plane interface for which the mechanical properties of the interface are important for the stability of the lateral heterostructure. Therefore, we performed molecular dynamics simulations and developed a convolutional neural network-based machine learning model to study the fracture properties of the interface in a graphene/hexagonal boron nitride lateral heterostructure. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the shape of the interface can cause an 80% difference in the fracture stress and the fracture strain for the interface. By using 11 500 training samples obtained with help of high-cost MD simulation, the machine learning model is able to search out the strongest interfaces with the largest fracture strain and fracture stress in a large sample space with over 150 000 structures. By analyzing the atomic configuration of these strongest interfaces, we disclose two major factors dominating the interface strength, including the interface roughness and the strength of the chemical bond across the interface. We also explore the correlation between the fracture properties and the thermal conductivity for these lateral heterostructures by examining the bond type and the shape of the graphene/hexagonal boron nitride interface. We find that interfaces comprised of stronger bonds and smoother zigzag interfaces can relieve the abrupt change of the acoustic velocity, leading to the enhancement of the interface thermal conductivity. These findings will be valuable for the application of the two-dimensional lateral heterostructure in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Deep neuromuscular block (NMB) has been shown to improve surgical conditions and alleviate post-operative pain in bariatric surgery compared with moderate NMB. We hypothesized that deep NMB could also improve the quality of early recovery after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Methods: Eighty patients were randomized to receive either deep (post-tetanic count 1–3) or moderate (train-of-four count 1–3) NMB. The QoR-15 questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of early recovery at 1 day before surgery (T0), 24 and 48 h after surgery (T2, T3). Additionally, we recorded diaphragm excursion (DE), postoperative pain, surgical condition, cumulative dose of analgesics, time of first flatus and ambulation, post-operative nausea and vomiting, time of tracheal tube removal and hospitalization time. Main results: The quality of recovery was significantly better 24 h after surgery in patients who received a deep versus moderate block (114.4 ± 12.9 versus 102.1 ± 18.1). Diaphragm excursion was significantly greater in the deep NMB group when patients performed maximal inspiration at T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). Patients who underwent deep NMB reported lower visceral pain scores 40 min after surgery; additionally, these patients experienced lower pain during movement at T3 (P < 0.05). Optimal surgical conditions were rated in 87.5% and 64.6% of all measurements during deep and moderate NMB respectively (P < 0.001). The time to tracheal tube removal was significantly longer in the deep NMB group (P = 0.001). There were no differences in other outcomes. Conclusion: In obese patients receiving deep NMB during LSG, we observed improved QoR-15 scores, greater diaphragmatic excursions, improved surgical conditions, and visceral pain scores were lower. More evidence is needed to determine the effects of deep NMB on these outcomes. Trial registration: ChiCTR2200065919. Date of retrospectively registered: 18/11/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have indicated that participating in physical activity may provide a safeguard against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Nevertheless, the precise links between physical and occupational activity and the occurrence of GERD and Barrett's esophagus (BE) are still uncertain. Conducting univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization investigations to examine the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. Genetic variation simulation was used in randomized experiments. Data on physical and occupational activity were obtained from the UK Biobank and GWAS catalog. In the meantime, data on GERD and BE were extracted from a high quality meta-analysis. The results of univariate Mendelian randomization analysis using multiple methods suggest a causal relationship between strenuous sports or other forms of exercise (as a protective factor) and GERD/BE. At the same time, three types of occupational related physical activities, including heavy manual or physical work, shift work and walking or standing work, are risk factors for GERD/BE and have a causal relationship with them. These results were reconfirmed through multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis, which excluding the influence of other potential confounding factors. The findings indicated that strenuous sports or other forms of exercise could lower the likelihood of GERD/BE, while excessive physical strain in the workplace, prolonged periods of standing or walking, and shift work could raise the risk of GERD/BE. Acknowledging this risk and implementing suitable measures can contribute to the prevention of GERD and BE, thus mitigating the associated health burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a novel model for collective-dephasing noise in d -dimensional space. After that, we construct a multi-particle entangled state to resist the given collective-dephasing noise. Based on the measurement laws of multi-particle entangled state under two different bases, we propose a multipartite quantum key agreement protocol. In this protocol, multiple participants would obtain d -dimensional secret key even if the quantum channel is influenced by collective-dephasing noise. The security analysis indicates that this protocol can resist both dishonest participant attack and the outsider attacks which include intercept-resend attack and entangle-measure attack. By comparing with the existing QKA protocols, it is clear that our protocol has greater universality from the perspective of dimensionality and number of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paleolake level, which is controlled by the moisture balance (precipitation minus evaporation) within the lake basin, is a significant factor in determining the deposition of lacustrine organic-rich shale (LORS) across geological time, and hence influences shale oil enrichment. However, the impact of lake-level-fluctuations on shale oil enrichment of LORS is not well understood. Based on an integration of bulk geochemistry, organic petrography, pyrolysis gas chromatography, and element compositions, we address this issue using the Paleogene Biyang Depression in East China as an example. High lake levels, combined with anoxic–suboxic conditions, brackish–saline water, high productivity, and low detrital influx, are favorable for LORS deposition, which is characterized by a large distribution area and thickness, a high potential for oil generation and emplacement, and a high free shale oil content. In contrast, LORS deposited during low lake levels, with suboxic–dysoxic conditions, fresh–brackish water, low productivity, and high detrital influx, has a small distribution area and thickness, a low potential for oil generation and emplacement, and a low free shale oil content (a comparable maturity was present in all the studied LORS). Our data suggests that the elevated lake level led to higher salinity, stronger reduction conditions, higher productivity, and lower clastic inflow in the paleolake, forming LORS with higher shale oil potential. It has a positive effect on shale oil enrichment of LORS. The findings are also applicable to regional shale oil exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To comprehensively study the ginsenosides distribution in the various tissues of American ginseng, the qualitative and quantitative‐targeted and nontargeted mass spectroscopic methods were established using the high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with Qtrap triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC‐QtrapQQQ‐MS). The total ginsenosides of the root, stem, and leaf of American ginseng were determined by a colorimetric method, and the contents showed the order from high to low root, stem, and leaf. Eighty‐two kinds of ginsenosides were detected in the different parts of American ginseng by enhanced mass scan–information‐dependent data acquisition (IDA)–enhanced product ion (EPI) scan mode, including 69 from the root, 62 from the stem, and 48 from the leaf. An HPLC–multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was established, and 28 representative ginsenosides were further quantified in the three parts. Nearly all ginsenosides had the highest contents in the root and the lowest content in the leaf. Three types of ginsenosides (protopanaxadiol [PPD]‐, protopanaxatiol [PPT]‐, and oleanolic acid [OA]‐types) were analyzed by precursor ion‐IDA‐EPI and MRM‐IDA‐EPI scan modes. Root had the most abundant ginsenosides in PPD‐ and PPT‐type ginsenosides. Meanwhile, the OA‐type ginsenosides are significantly enriched in the stem and leaf of American ginseng. The results provided a supplement to the quality assessment of American ginseng. Practical Application: The distribution profile of ginsenosides in the parts of American ginseng is different. Except for the root, the stem, and leaf of American ginseng have the most abundant ginsenosides in oleanolic acid type. The results reported herein can help the manufacturers choose appropriate materials to extract the ginsenosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril-valsartan (SV) in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis is scarce. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of SV on patients undergoing dialysis. We retrospectively reviewed the data of end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) patients undergoing either peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD) in our center. A total of 51 patients receiving SV treatment were enrolled in the SV group. Another 51 age and sex-matched patients on dialysis without SV treatment were selected as the control group. All the patients were regularly followed up in the dialysis clinic. Their clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters were all recorded at baseline and during follow-up. The effect and safety of SV were further analyzed. A total of 102 ESRD patients on dialysis (51 patients in the SV group and 51 patients in the control group) were finally enrolled. The median follow-up time was 349 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 217–535 days). The level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (median [IQR] before and after SV treatment: 596.35 pg/ml [190.6–1714.85] vs. 188.7 pg/ml [83.34–600.35], p < 0.001) or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (median [IQR]: 6316.00 pg/ml [4552.00–28598.00] vs. 5074.00 pg/ml [2229.00–9851.00], p = 0.022) were significantly decreased after treatment with SV. The variant rate of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly higher in the SV group compared to the control group, especially in the PD subgroup. No significant difference was found in other echocardiographic parameters between SV and control group. Subgroup analysis of the PD group showed an increase in daily PD ultrafiltration (median [IQR]: 400 ml/d [200-500] vs. 500 ml/d [200–850], p = 0.114) after SV treatment. Variant rate of overhydration (OH) measured by the body composition monitor (BCM) of the SV group were significantly different from the control group (median [IQR]: −13.13% [−42.85%–27.84%] vs. 0% [−17.95%–53.85%], p = 0.049). The rate of hyperkalemia was slightly higher but without significant difference before and after the introduction of SV (19.6% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.350). No event of hypotension and angioedema were observed. SV might have a cardio-protective role in ESRD patients undergoing dialysis, especially in PD patients. Serum potassium should be monitored during the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with a high mortality rate and unfavorable prognosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key regulator of tumour growth, metastasis, and the response to chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immune response. It acts via responding to misfolded proteins and triggering abnormal activation of ER stress sensors and downstream signalling pathways. Notably, the expression patterns of ER-stress-related-genes (ERSRGs) are indicative of survival outcomes, especially in the context of immune infiltration. Through consensus clustering of prognosis-associated ERSRGs, we delineated two distinct LUAD subtypes: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Comprehensive analyses revealed significant disparities between these subtypes in terms of prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and tumor progression. Leveraging the robustness of LASSO regression and Multivariate stepwise regression, we constructed and validated an ER Stress-associated risk signature for LUAD. This signature underwent assessments for its prognostic value, correlation with clinical attributes, and interaction within the tumour immune microenvironment. By integrating this signature with multivariate cox analysis of distinct pathological stages, we devised an enhanced nomogram, validated through various statistical metrics, with an area under the curve for overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years post-diagnosis being 0.79, 0.80, and 0.81, respectively. In conclusion, our findings introduce a composite signature of 11 pivotal ERSRGs, holding promise as a potent prognostic tool for LUAD, and offering insights for immunotherapeutic and targeted intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes, pancreatic cancer, and pancreatitis are all diseases of the pancreas, which seriously threaten people's lives. The pancreas has a special anatomical structure, its size, shape, and position are variable, and it is highly similar to other surrounding deep abdominal tissues, so achieving accurate segmentation is still one of the most challenging tasks in the field of medical image segmentation. We propose a new network CTUNet that combines Transformer and 3D U-Net, which can achieve high-precision automatic segmentation of the pancreas. We deploy the Transformer on skip connections to coordinate global explicit features and guide the network learning. In view of pancreas reciprocity and shape variability, we design a Pancreas Attention module and add it to each encoder to further enhance the ability to extract context information and learn distinct features. In addition, in the decoder, we use a novel Feature Concatenation module with an attention mechanism to further promote the fusion of different levels of features and alleviate the problem of loss of down-sampling feature information. We train and test our model on the NIH dataset and evaluate with Dice Similarity Coefficient, Jaccard Index, Precision, and Recall. Experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms most existing pancreas segmentation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with the peripheral venous catheter-related complication and infection in children with bronchopneumonia. Methods: A total of 185 patients were divided into case group (n = 114) and control group (n = 71) according to the presence of catheter-related infection and complications related to indwelling needle. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the risk factors associated with the infection. Results: Age was divided into 4 categories (0 < age ≤ 1, 1 < age ≤ 3, 3 < age ≤ 6, age > 6). The case group had a higher percentage of patients with 0 < age ≤ 1 than the control group (21% vs. 9.7%) and the age distribution was significant different between the two groups (P = 0.045). The case group had a longer retention time than the control group (≥ 3 days: 56% vs. 35%, P < 0.001). The results of binary logistics regression analysis revealed that the indwelling time and indwelling site were the factors that influenced the complications or bacterial infection. Among the three indwelling sites, the hand is more prone to infection and indwelling needle-related complications than the head (OR: 2.541, 95% CI 1.032 to 6.254, P = 0.042). The longer the indwelling time, the more likely the infection and indwelling needle related complications (OR: 2.646, 95% CI 1.759 to 3.979, P< 0.001). Conclusion: Indwelling time and indwelling site are the influencing factors of complications or bacterial infection, which should be paid more attention to prevent the catheter-related infection in children with bronchophenumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated the frequency of child restraint system (CRS) use in cars and assessed parental knowledge and attitudes toward such restraint systems in western China. Study Design: Cross‐sectional survey. Methods: This cross‐sectional survey was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022. Hospitals and kindergartens were convenience sampling selected, and parents with cars were asked whether they owned and used CRS. Parents' knowledge and attitudes toward such systems were also determined. Factors associated with CRS were explored using binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 4764 questionnaires were distributed to parents with children 0–6 years old. Among the 4455 responses received, 50.8% of the respondents owned CRS, and most of which were front‐facing child seats (42.0%). Less than half (44.4%) reported using a CRS sometimes, but only 19.6% used it all the time. The possession and use of a CRS varied significantly with the parental education level, age of the child, place of residence, number of children, family income, travel frequency, and travel distance. Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of car travel with a child and monthly family income significantly affected CRS use. Most parents (85.2%) perceived that adult seat belt in cars are effective at protecting their children in the event of a crash. The most frequent reason for not using a CRS was the tendency for children to travel in the car less often. Conclusions: Although approximately half of the respondents owned a CRS, most of them used it rarely, if at all. Educating parents about safe ways for children to ride in a car and use of safety belts may promote CRS use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sanger sequencing (SS) is the most frequently used method for detecting ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutations in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). However, it cannot detect low levels of mutation. Recently, droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) has been developed as a sensitive technique for detecting mutations in hematological neoplasms. The aim of our study was to explore the value of ddPCR in detecting ABL1 KD mutations. Methods: We compared the results of SS and ddPCR in detecting ABL1 KD mutations in a consecutive cohort of 65 adolescent and adult patients with Ph+ ALL treated with intensive multiagent chemotherapy plus TKIs. Results: At diagnosis, SS and ddPCR identified 1 (1.5%) and 26 (40%) out of 65 patients with positive ABL1 KD mutations, respectively. Patients with T315I mutations detected by ddPCR at diagnosis all developed SS‐detectable T315I mutations during treatment with first‐ or second‐generation TKIs, and non‐T315I mutations detected by ddPCR at diagnosis displayed a limited prognostic impact. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that ddPCR is a highly sensitive and accurate mutation detection method and the presence of T315I mutations before treatment shows prognostic significance in the context of first‐ or second‐generation TKIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of robot thermosensitive touch recognition systems, it is a major challenge to achieve high thermal conductivity and adhesion properties simultaneously in thermosensitive touch sensors to improve their sensitivity. To address this challenge, this study synthesized a copolymer of polydimethylsiloxane-co-poly([[(butylamino)carbonyl]oxy]ethylester) (PDMSPBA) using UV light polymerization. Then, a core–shell LABN filler was prepared using the principle of electronic hole coordination by combining boron nitride (BN) particles with liquid alloy (LA). The LABN core–shell structured filler was introduced into the PDMSPBA copolymer matrix to prepare PDMSPBA/LABN composite material. The LABN core–shell structure can reduce the distance of phonon transfer inside the composite material and promote the formation of a continuous heat channel. A series of tests showed that the thermal conductivity of PDMSPBA/LABN composite material was 3.75 W m−1 K−1, the electrical conductivity value was 10–6–10–8 S/m, and the surface adhesion was 1.23 × 104 N/m2. Most importantly, the PDMSPBA/LABN composite material was used as the core thermal interface material in the robot thermosensitive touch recognition system. Surprisingly, this intelligent touch recognition system can distinguish rock types in the dark within a specific range using the PDMSPBA/LABN composite material. In summary, the PDMSPBA/LABN composite material has great potential for application in the field of tactile perception of mining robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Little is known about the mechanism between stressful life events and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in Chinese adolescents. This study was to investigate the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the association between stressful life events and NSSI among Chinese adolescents. Methods. This study included a total of 7072 adolescents who participated in the one-year follow-up of Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to evaluate stressful life events, depressive symptoms, NSSI, and other variables in November-December 2015. One year later, a follow-up investigation was performed to evaluate participants' depressive symptoms and NSSI. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationship between stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and NSSI. Results. Of the sample, half were females and mean age was 14.58 ± 1.46. At baseline and one-year follow-up, the rate of NSSI was 19.4% and 8.8%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that stressful life events and depressive symptoms were positively associated with NSSI. Mediation analysis showed that depressive symptoms accounted for 17.70% of the relation between high stressful life events and NSSI at one-year follow-up after controlling for covariates. Limitation. All variables were collected based on self-report. Conclusions. The relationship between stressful life events and NSSI appears to be partially mediated by depressive symptoms. It is necessary to evaluate and intervene against depressive symptoms related to life stress for the prevention of NSSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important commercial crops worldwide. Soybean hosts diverse microbes, including pathogens that may cause diseases and symbionts that contribute to nitrogen fixation. Study on soybean–microbe interactions to understand pathogenesis, immunity, and symbiosis represents an important research direction toward plant protection in soybean. In terms of immune mechanisms, current research in soybean lags far behind that in the model plants Arabidopsis and rice. In this review, we summarized the shared and unique mechanisms involved in the two-tiered plant immunity and the virulence function of pathogen effectors between soybean and Arabidopsis, providing a molecular roadmap for future research on soybean immunity. We also discussed disease resistance engineering and future perspectives in soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The effectiveness of sugemalimab vs. placebo in post-chemoradiotherapy patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage III NSCLC has been demonstrated and approved by China National Medical Products Administration. The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of sugemalimab vs. placebo for consolidation treatment of stage III NSCLC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Methods: A 3-state Markov model with a 3-week cycle length was performed to appraise the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of sugemalimab consolidation therapy based on the GEMSTONE-301 clinical trial over a 10-year time horizon. Only direct medical costs, including costs of drug (maintenance and subsequent treatment), routine follow-up, best supportive care, and terminal care in end of life were considered in this model. Costs and health utilities were obtained from local databases and published articles. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were adopted to evaluate the model uncertainty. Internal and external data sources were used to justify the plausibility of the extrapolated portion of the survival model chosen. Results: In comparison with the placebo, sugemalimab consolidation therapy was not cost-effective as it yielded an ICUR value of $90,277 and $49,692 for the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) and the sequential chemoradiotherapy (sCRT) population at the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $37,663/QALYs, respectively. When taking the sugemalimab patient assistance program (PAP) into consideration, sugemalimab consolidation therapy was cost-effective with an ICUR dramatic decreases below the WTP. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the ICUR was most sensitive to the discount rate and subsequent treatment. However, none of the sensitive parameters could affect the cost-effective conclusions without or with PAP. Scenario analyses revealed that the model was particularly affected by assumptions regarding discount in sugemalimab, time horizon, mean duration of sugemalimab maintenance treatment. Conclusions: From the perspective of Chinese healthcare system, sugemalimab consolidation therapy was not a cost-effective strategy in cCRT and sCRT patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. Given that the sugemalimab PAP was available, sugemalimab consolidation therapy became a cost-effective option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose, a natural polymeric nanomaterial, has attracted significant attention in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications due to its abundance, nanoscale, high oilewater interfacial adsorption ef- ficiency. In this study, surface-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (SF-CNCs) were prepared via hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and chemical modification, with adaptable nanosize and considerable dispersion stability in low-permeability reservoirs. The SF-CNCs were structurally characterized by FT-IR, Cryo-TEM, which have a diameter of 5-10 nm and a length of 100-200 nm. The SF-CNC dispersions possessed higher stability and stronger salt-tolerance than those of corresponding CNC dispersions, due to the strong hydrophilicity of the sulfonic acid group. It was synergistically used with a non-ionic surfactant (APG1214) to formulate a combined flooding system (0.1 wt% SF-CNC + 0.2 wt% APG1214). The combined flooding system exhibits strong emulsification stability, low oil--water interfacial tension of 0.03 mN/m, and the ability to alter the wettability for oil-wetting rocks. Furthermore, the combined system was able to provide an optimum EOR efficiency of 20.2% in low-permeability cores with 30.13 x 10-3 µm². Notably, it can enlarge the sweep volume and increase the displacement efficiency simultaneously. Overall, the newly formulated nanocellulose/surfactant combined system exhibits a remarkable EOR performance in low-permeability reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on morphological and molecular data, Glabrella bogaoi, a new species from limestone areas in southern China, is described and illustrated here. G. bogaoi is morphologically distinct from the other species of Glabrella by its stems, which can grow up to 5-30 cm, calyx segments that are adpressed to the corolla base, and corolla outside white. It is morphologically most similar to G. mihieri. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of the combined matrix of trnL-F and ITS sequences, including 4 taxa of Glabrella, has been provided. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that G. bogaoi is an independent new species. A table and a key to distinguish the new species from all other Glabrella species are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: For effective preventive strategies against GORD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease), we assessed the GORD burden from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The burden of GORD between 1990 and 2019 was evaluated globally, regionally, and nationally. Using ASIR (age-standardized incidence), ASYLDs (age-standardized years lived with disabilitys), we compared them to the GBD world population per 100,000. The estimates were based on 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The AAPC (average annual percent change) in incidence, YLDs, along with prevalence rates with associated 95% CIs were estimated. Results: Data to estimate the burden of GORD are scarce till now. The global ASIR of GORD in 2019 was 3792.79 per 100,000, an increase AAPC of 0.112% from 1990. The prevalence of GORD increased with a AAPC of 0.096% to 9574.45 per 100,000. Global ASYLDs in 2019 was 73.63, an increase AAPC of 0.105% from 1990. The GORD burden varies greatly depending on the development level and geographical location. USA demonstrated the most obvious decreasing trend in burden of GORD, while Sweden had an increasing trend. That the increase in GORD YLDs was mediated primarily by the growth and aging of population, was revealed by decomposition analyses. There was an inverse relationship between SDI (socio-demographic index) and GORD-burden. Frontier analyses revealed significant scope of improvement in the status of development at all levels. Conclusion: GORD is a public health challenge, especially in Latin America. Some SDI quintiles had declining rates, while some countries experienced increased rates. Thus, resources should be allocated for preventative measures based on country-specific estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of novel polymeric materials with variable heat transport properties could revolutionize the utilization and manipulation of thermal energy to keep devices working optimally. Here, we synthesized a poly-1-butyl-5-((4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenoxy)methyl)2-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanedioate (AzoBmapolymer) containing photoisomerization's groups through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Firstly, using a thermal conductivity (TC)-measuring instrument, we demonstrate the TC of photoresponsive AzoBmapolymer that reversibly switches between low (0.13 ± 0.02 Wm−1 K−1) and high (0.24 ± 0.02 Wm−1 K−1) states. And surprisingly, the 84.6% change of TC was achieved by the modulation of the AzoBmapolymer containing photoisomerization's groups through green and ultraviolet photoirradiation. What is more, our synthesized photosensitive AzoBmapolymer is capable of TC transition within 7 s controlled by photoirradiation, and its photoregulated TC transition rate is dozens or hundreds of times higher than that driven by magnetic field molecular orientation (0.17 h), electrochemical oxygenation (0.5 h), or temperature modulation (1 h). Theoretically, the photoisomerization's groups of AzoBmapolymer can lead to different spatial configurations of macromolecules. Meanwhile, this conformational transition results in a change in the π–π stacking (dπ–π) spatial configuration and an amorphous-to-crystal transition. More importantly, X-ray diffraction, crosspolarized optical microscopy, and TC-measuring instrument jointly demonstrate that photoirradiation reversibly change the thermophysical properties of AzoBmapolymer phonon transport. In other words, this result illustrates a powerful manipulation of the thermophysical properties of the polymers by photoirradiation. The AzoBmapolymer could complement traditional metal heat transfer materials used in applications; for instance, heat exchangers, electronic packaging, and heat sink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the brittle fracture behavior of rock is crucial for engineering and Earth science. In this paper, based on acoustic emission (AE) and laser Doppler vibration (LDV) monitoring technology, the staged damage behaviors of rock-like materials with different brittleness degrees under uniaxial compression are studied via multiple parameters. The results show that the brittleness degree determines the fracture mode. As the specimen's brittleness degree increases, the tensile failure increases and shear failure decreases. AE activity is enhanced at the crack damage point. With an increasing specimen brittleness degree, different instability precursor information is shown during the unstable crack growth stage: the AE b value changes from the fluctuating to continuously decreasing state, and the natural frequency changes from the stable fluctuation to upward fluctuation state. The AE b value near the stress drop is the smallest, and it decreases with an increasing brittleness degree. The natural frequency reduction indicates the rock-like fracture. The natural frequency is a symbolic index that reflects staged damage characteristics and predicts the amount of energy released by brittle failure. These findings provide guidelines for rock stability monitoring and provide support for better responses to stability evaluations of rock slopes, rock collapses, and tunnel surrounding rock in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette smoking (CS) or ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure is a risk factor for metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR), increased plasma triglycerides, hyperglycemia, and diabetes mellitus (DM); it can also cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. In smokers with metabolic disorders, CS cessation decreases the risks of serious pulmonary events, inflammation, and metabolic disorder. This review included recent studies examining the mechanisms underlying the effects of CS and PM on gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder development; one of the potential mechanisms is the disruption of the lung–gut axis, leading to gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disease. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the primary metabolites of gut bacteria, which are derived from the fermentation of dietary fibers. They activate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, suppress histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and inhibit inflammation, facilitating the maintenance of gut health and biofunction. The aforementioned gut microbiota dysbiosis reduces SCFA levels. Treatment targeting SCFA/GPCR signaling may alleviate air pollution–associated inflammation and metabolic disorders, which involve lung–gut axis disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive water and fertiliser inputs, as well as long-term monocropping, not only cause resource waste and environmental pollution but also drive soil degradation and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a widely used technique in greenhouse vegetable production to replace the use of agrochemicals in disinfestation and improve product quality. While the short-term effects of ASD on the soil microbial community have been well documented in the past 15 years, only a few studies have investigated the multiseason effects of ASD, particularly on the soil microbial community composition and stability, as well as on pathogens and antagonistic microorganisms. Field experiments were conducted in three adjacent greenhouses used for tomato production for at least 20 years. Three treatments were included: CK (control: no irrigation, no plastic film covering, incorporation of chicken manure), ASD (irrigation, plastic film covering, and incorporation of rice husks), and ASD+M (ASD plus incorporation of chicken manure). Results showed that (1) ASD significantly reduced the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi and improved the complexity and stability of the soil bacterial community at the end of the ASD, but the soil microbial diversity recovered to the level before the experiment after 1.5 years. (2) Compared with CK, ASD significantly increased the relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Streptomyces, decreased the relative abundance of pathogens Fusarium and the quantity of nematodes and could still effectively eliminate soil pathogens after 1.5 years. (3) Chicken manure application did not increase the pathogenic microorganisms Fusarium and nematodes, but it significantly decreased the relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria. Our results highlight that ASD not only showed an inhibitory effect on soil-borne diseases after 1.5 years but also significantly increased the relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria. However, the additional incorporation of chicken manure for ASD should be avoided due to its negative effects on the abundance of antagonistic bacteria and its contribution to environmental pollution due to N leaching and increased emissions of GHG N2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global control of the tuberculosis epidemic is threatened by increasing prevalence of drug resistant M. tuberculosis isolates. Many genome-wide studies focus on SNP-associated drug resistance mechanisms, but drug resistance in 5–30% of M. tuberculosis isolates (varying with antibiotic) appears unrelated to reported SNPs, and alternative drug resistance mechanisms involving variation in gene/protein expression are not well-studied. Here, using an omics approach, we identify 388 genes with lineage-related differential expression and 68 candidate drug resistance-associated gene pairs/clusters in 11 M. tuberculosis isolates (variable lineage/drug resistance profiles). Structural, mutagenesis, biochemical and bioinformatic studies on Rv3094c from the Rv3093c-Rv3095 gene cluster, a gene cluster selected for further investigation as it contains a putative monooxygenase/repressor pair and is associated with ethionamide resistance, provide insights on its involvement in ethionamide sulfoxidation, the initial step in its activation. Analysis of the structure of Rv3094c and its complex with ethionamide and flavin mononucleotide, to the best of our knowledge the first structures of an enzyme involved in ethionamide activation, identify key residues in the flavin mononucleotide and ethionamide binding pockets of Rv3094c, and F221, a gate between flavin mononucleotide and ethionamide allowing their interaction to complete the sulfoxidation reaction. Our work broadens understanding of both lineage- and drug resistance-associated gene/protein expression perturbations and identifies another player in mycobacterial ethionamide metabolism. A multi-omic analysis of 11 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates with different drug resistance profiles leads to the discovery of Rv3094c, an enzyme capable of activating the clinically relevant Mtb drug, ethionamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transverse momentum distribution of the t t ¯ system is of both experimental and theoretical interest. In the presence of azimuthally asymmetric divergences, pursuing resummation at high logarithmic precision is rather demanding in general. In this paper, we propose the projected transverse momentum spectrum d σ t t ¯ / d q τ , which is derived from the classical q → T spectrum by integrating out the rejection component q τ ⊥ with respect to a reference unit vector τ → , to serve as an alternative solution to remove these asymmetric divergences, in addition to the azimuthally averaged case d σ t t ¯ / d ∣ q → T ∣ . In the context of the effective field theories, SCETII and HQET, we will demonstrate that in spite of the q τ ⊥ integrations, the leading asymptotic terms of d σ t t ¯ / d q τ still observe the factorisation pattern in terms of the hard, beam, and soft functions in the vicinity of qτ = 0 GeV. Then, with the help of the renormalisation group equation techniques, we carry out the resummation at NLL+NLO, N2LL+N2LO, and approximate N2LL′+N2LO accuracy on three observables of interest, d σ t t ¯ / d q T , in , d σ t t ¯ / d q T , out , and d σ t t ¯ / d Δ ϕ t t ¯ , within the domain M t t ¯ ≥ 400 GeV. The first two cases are obtained by choosing τ → parallel and perpendicular to the top quark transverse momentum, respectively. The azimuthal de-correlation Δ ϕ t t ¯ of the t t ¯ pair is evaluated through its kinematical connection to qT,out. This is the first time the azimuthal spectrum Δ ϕ t t ¯ is appraised at or beyond the N2LL level including a consistent treatment of both beam collinear and soft radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment simulated the logistical transportation of Penaeus monodon. It set four distinct gradient Vitamin C (Vc) addition levels, including 0mg/L, 111mg/L, 222mg/L, and 333mg/L, to investigate the impact of Vc on the anti-stress ability of P. monodon during transportation. And the survival rate following transportation and a 15-day interim rearing period were recorded. Moreover, the alterations in tissue structure and activity of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and total superoxide dismutase (T-AOC) were checked. The results showed that with the increase of Vc supplemental level, the survival rate of P. monodon after transportation and after 15 days of temporary rearing increased to varying degrees. ACP and AKP in the hepatopancreas increased first and then decreased. T-SOD activity in the 0mg/L group was the lowest and then decreased gradually. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the 0mg/L group was the lowest and then stabilized. The branchial tissue structure also changed. The branchial tissue blood cell disorder decreased, the diaphragm gradually narrowed, the cornered cortex gradually recovered, and the swelling decreased. In conclusion, Vc positively affects the survival rate of P. monodon after transportation and temporary cultivation and alleviates the stress of P. monodon. The amount of Vc added at about 333mg/Lin, the transportation of P. monodon could play a positive role. The experimental results provide primary data for the transportation of P. monodon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) were widely used in optical devices as one-dimensional photonic crystals. However, their reflective bands cannot be adjusted, which limits their wide application in many fields. In this paper, a series of ionic chiral ferrocene derivatives (CD-Fc+) as dopants were designed and prepared, and their doping into negative liquid crystal matrix was investigated to develop cholesteric response liquid crystal composites with electrically tunable reflective bands. The effects of electric field frequency, voltage, retention time of voltage and molecular structure on the broadening of reflection bandwidth were investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) remain unclear. Method: Four microarray datasets were collected from the GEO database (three mRNA datasets GSE23317, GSE144456, and GSE112137, and one miRNA microarray dataset GSE184939). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify modules of HIBD-related genes. The ferroptosis-related genes were extracted from FerrDb, of which closely correlated to HIBD were obtained after the intersection with existing HIBD's DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, as well as protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were subsequently conducted. Cytoscape was used to identify central genes. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Result: Fifty-six ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs) were screened, mainly related to ferroptosis, autophagy, hypoxia response, metabolic pathways, and immune inflammation. The seven optimal hub FRDEGs were obtained by intersecting with key modules of WGCNA. Then, the expression levels of the seven optimal hub FRDEGs were validated in the GSE144456 and GSE112137 datasets, and the ferroptosis-related mRNA-miRNA network was established. In addition, this study revealed immune cell infiltration in the HIBD cerebral cortex and the interaction between immune cells. Moreover, notably, specific FRDEGs were strongly positively correlated with immune function. Conclusions: The mechanism of ferroptosis is intricate and closely related to neonatal HIBD. Therefore, targeting ferroptosis-related gene therapy and immunotherapy may have therapeutic prospects for neonatal HIBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The proper time for removing the urinary catheter after gynecologic laparoscopy is unclear. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of immediate catheter removal after benign gynecologic laparoscopy. Search Strategy: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Wanfang Data were searched from inception to November 30, 2021. Selection Criteria: Only randomized controlled trials published in English or Chinese comparing immediate versus delayed catheter removal after gynecologic laparoscopy for benign diseases were included. Data Collection and Analysis: The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative urinary retention (PUR). A random effects model was used to calculate pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Main Results: Six studies were included in this meta‐analysis. There was no significant difference in PUR between immediate and delayed catheter removal (RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.37–6.18), but the evidence was of very low quality. Subgroup analysis according to the type of surgery showed a higher rate of PUR with immediate removal after hysterectomy than after other surgeries. Immediate removal was associated a lower incidence of urinary tract infection and a shorter time to mobilization compared with delayed removal. Conclusions: Immediate removal of the urinary catheter is feasible and beneficial after benign gynecologic laparoscopy. Synopsis: Immediate removal of the urinary catheter is feasible and beneficial after uncomplicated gynecologic laparoscopy, especially for minor surgeries excluding hysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To inhibit phase separation of CsxFA1−xPbI3 perovskite into optically inactive δ‐CsPbI3 and δ‐FAPbI3 under high humidity and light conditions, herein two polymers, poly[3‐methyl‐6‐(2‐methylspiro[cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophene‐4,2′‐[1,3]dithiolan]‐6‐yl)‐9‐octyl‐9H‐carbazole] (TM3) and poly[3‐methyl‐6‐(2‐methylspiro[cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophene‐4,2′‐[1,3]dioxolan]‐6‐yl)‐9‐octyl‐9H‐carbazole] (TM4), are designed and synthesized to dope the Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3 perovskite film for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance confirm the existence of coordination and hydrogen bonds between the polymer and Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3 perovskite. Ion migration in the perovskite film is thus markedly suppressed by the TM doping, as verified by the electrical poling measurement. Benefiting from these interactions, the TM doping is able to inhibit phase separation of Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3 markedly at a relative humidity of 55–65% and under light. Furthermore, the TM doping has other positive effects such as enhancing perovskite crystallinity, improving crystal growth orientation, reducing trap density, increasing hole extraction, and suppressing charge recombination. Consequently, the TM3‐ and TM4‐doped PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of 21.96% and 20.01%, respectively, against 17.82% for the undoped PSC. The humidity, environmental, illumination, and thermal stabilities of unencapsulated devices are also improved significantly by the TM3‐ and TM4‐doping, respectively. By comparison, TM3 with the S substitution shows abetter effect than TM4 with the O substation on photovoltaic performance and device stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rockfill has been used in numerous projects, including dams and embankments. The particle breakage of a rockfill occurs during the whole shearing process, which has a significant influence on the mechanical behaviors. However, particle breakage during shearing was poorly understood since previous studies focused on particle breaking after shearing. Characterizing the particle breakage based on the breakage energy (Eb) is the most straightforward way to disclose the particle breakage and gradation evolution of rockfill materials during triaxial shearing. The earlier back-calculated Eb, however, may be negative, which would violate the irreversible physical rule of particle breakage. In this paper, a reduction strategy for the friction coefficient is used to address the estimated Eb issue adequately. The fractal dimension and two frequently used particle breakage indices (Br and Bg) are demonstrated to be proportional to Eb under various confining pressures and various shearing strains. The predictions support the proposed model by demonstrating that the particle breakage indices and fractal dimension increase with increasing shear strain but at a decreasing rate toward a constant value, which is consistent with the observed evolution laws. Additionally, the proposed model may accurately predict the current gradation curve of rockfill under any triaxial stress state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two coordination sphere supramolecular isomers based on Co(II) and 4-(2-pyridyl)-NH-1,2,3-triazole, namely [Co(HL)2Cl2]·2H2O (Co–Cl, HL = 4-(2-pyridyl)-NH-1,2,3-triazole) and [Co(HL)2(H2O)2]Cl2 (Co–H2O), have been obtained via one-pot synthesis and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The construction of supramolecular isomers in this system is mainly influenced by reaction temperature and reaction time. ESI-MS spectra revealed that the single crystals of both isomers possess identical mass fragments and similar distribution in positive mode. Theoretical calculations indicated that there was very little difference in total energy between the two isomers. However, the thermodynamically favored Co–Cl possesses stronger coordination bonds and the kinetically favored Co–H2O has stronger hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) is considered as the next-generation liquid crystal display material, but its practical application is seriously affected by a narrow temperature range and a long research period. In this paper, we used inkjet printing technology to prepare BPLC materials with high throughput, and try to use machine vision technology to test BPLC with high throughput. The "standard curve method" for establishing each printing channel and the "vector matching method" for searching the chromaticity value of the minimum distance were proposed to improve the accuracy of inkjet printing BPLC materials. For a large number of sample-phase images, we propose a machine learning method to identify the liquid crystal phase. In this paper, for the first time, the high-throughput preparation and high-throughput detection of 1080 BPLC samples with five common components by a comprehensive experimental method has been successfully realized. The results are helpful to improve the research efficiency of blue-phase materials and provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for rapid screening of multi-component BPLC materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and its regulation play an important role in eliminating faulty transcripts and controlling gene expression. However, measuring NMD activity and characterizing its targets remain challenging. In this study, we set out to establish Nanopore direct RNA sequencing in combination with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) as a method for analyzing NMD activity and its targets in cultured cell lines and clinical tissue samples. Nanopore RNA sequencing could detect more isoforms than short-read sequencing, especially in identifying novel isoforms and predicting isoforms annotated with premature termination codon (PTC). Changes in transcriptional isoforms of five genes (PRS, RPL12, SRSF2, PPIA, and TMEM208) could faithfully reflect NMD activity in the three cell lines and prostate cancer (PCA) samples. NMD activity in PCA samples varied, but some patients showed an increased trend. Together, Nanopore sequencing was superior in identifying NMD targets and evaluating NMD activity compared with short-read sequencing, and the NMD markers we screened may be used for measuring NMD activity in clinical patients. • Nanopore sequencing predicted transcripts with PTC and detected novel isoforms. • A set of NMD markers were screened based on Nanopore sequencing at transcriptional level. • Verification experiment by qPCR confirmed the NMD marker could faithfully reflect NMD activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the damage of structures under stress wave is one of the popular and challenging issues in the field of protection engineering. In this study, the effect of plastic modified concrete as an attenuation layer on stress wave was investigated through large-scale explosion tests. The volume ratios of plastic particles used as replacement material were 2%, 4%, and 8%. Two explosions were used in each group to analyze the change of pressure under the plastic modified concrete as the attenuation layer. Experimental results showed that as low-impedance material, plastic particles can reduce the stress wave transmitted through the plastic modified concrete, and the elastic–plastic deformation of plastic increases energy consumption. Plastic modified concrete is more difficult to be compacted than loess attenuation layer. Thus, the clipping performance of the plastic modified concrete under the second explosion is better than that of the loess attenuation layer. The effect of plastic modified concrete on shortening the action time of stress wave is not obvious. Plastic modified concrete reduces damage by weakening the peak value of stress wave. The effects of explosive quantity, detonation distance, and plastic particle content on stress wave were studied through experiments and simulation. The propagation process of waves in the plastic modified concrete was studied via numerical simulation, and a fitting formula of wave cutting performance of plastic modified concrete was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an RNA-seq analysis of an adult patient with unclassifiable myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN-U), we identified a rare PDGFRB fusion partner gene, PCM1. Conventional chromosome karyotype analysis showed abnormal clones of t(5;8)(q32;p22), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed rearrangement of the PDGFRB gene. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing further confirmed that exon 30 of the PCM1 gene was fused with exon 11 of PDGFRB in frame, and the fusion event was accompanied by a 14 bp deletion of exon 11 of PDGFRB. After low-dose imatinib treatment, the patient achieved complete molecular remission. This study not only broadens the understanding of myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with PDGFRB rearrangement but also reflects the vital role of RNA-seq in identifying PDGFRB rearrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver echinococcosis is clinically mainly composed of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) and hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE). At present, laparoscopy has been comprehensively applied in the treatment of two types of liver echinococcosis. For hepatic CE treatment, both laparoscopic total pericystectomy and laparoscopic hepatectomy can achieve radical results, but the former is considered the first choice owing to its being more minimally invasive; laparoscopic subtotal pericystectomy and laparoscopic partial pericystectomy can be accepted as complementary options, considering the presence of complicated cysts and the level of laparoscopic technique in remote hospitals; laparoscopic cystectomy is simple, but it is not currently recommended for treatment of hepatic CE owing to poor efficacy and high risk of postoperative complications. For hepatic AE treatment, laparoscopy not only achieves the same radical effect as open surgery in selected patients, but also is more minimally invasive, so it has a better prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis, an autoimmune disorder, is characterized by faciobrachial dystonic seizures, epilepsy, memory deficits and altered mental status while hiccup is not commonly found in patients.Case Presentation: A 62-year-old male was presented with slurred speech, abnormal gait, faciobrachial dystonic seizures and impaired cognition. Besides, the hiccup was one of the initial symptoms. His brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed multiple lesions with left caudate nucleus, putamen, insula and left hippocampus involvement. Because a diagnosis of antibody-related limbic encephalitis was suspected, studies including an autoimmune profile were done by cell-based assays. After anti-LGI1 antibodies were detected in both cerebrospinal fluid and serology, pulse methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin were started and hence hiccups disappeared along with other symptoms.Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that persistent hiccups might be one of the initial manifestations of LGI1 subtype of voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody associated autoimmune encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium (K+) transporter genes have important roles in K+ acquisition, allocation and signal transduction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the K+ transporter genes/proteins and to study their expression profiles under K+ deficiency condition in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Strict homology searches were used to find 33 K+ transporter genes located on potato chromosomes 1 to 12. Gene features, protein features and subcellular Localization were analyzed, and 10 segment duplications were identified from these 33 genes. The functions of K+ transporter genes were predicted by phylogenetic analysis and analysis of promoter sequences. After Potassium starvation, 12, 13 and 18 K+ transporter genes were up regulated in roots, stems and leaves, respectively. In addition, the expression of StHAK5, StHAK11 and StKCO2 were up-regulated in potato roots, stems and leaves under phosphate deficiency. Our findings provide a comprehensive view of members of the K+ transporter family involved in the response to K+ starvation growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the previous studies have mainly focused on the reward system and the corresponding brain regions, the relationship between brain morphology and excessive internet use (EIU) were not clear; the purpose of the study was to investigate if the brain regions other than the reward system were associated with EIU. Data were acquired from 131 excessive internet users. Psychological measures included internet use, life quality, personality, mental illness symptoms, impulsivity, and thought suppression. The brain was scanned with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and six types of brain morphological indexes were calculated. Lasso regression methods were used to select the predictors. Stepwise linear regression methods were used to build the models and verify the model. The variables remaining in the model were left precentral (curve), left superior temporal (surface area), right cuneus (folding index), right rostral anterior cingulate (folding index), and harm avoidance. The independent variable was the EIU score of the worst week in the past year. The study found that the brain morphological indexes other than the reward system, including the left precentral (curve), the left superior temporal (surface area), the right cuneus (folding index), and the right rostral anterior cingulate (folding index), can predict the severity of EIU, suggesting an extensive change in the brain. In this study, a whole‐brain data analysis was conducted and it was concluded that the changes in certain brain regions were more predictive than the reward system and psychological measures or more important for EIU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke poses a significant risk of mortality, particularly among the elderly population. The pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke is complex, and it is crucial to elucidate its molecular mechanisms and explore potential protective drugs. Ferroptosis, a newly recognized form of programmed cell death distinct from necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy, is closely associated with the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. N6022, a selective inhibitor of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), is a "first-in-class" drug for asthma with potential therapeutic applications. However, it remains unclear whether N6022 exerts protective effects in ischemic stroke, and the precise mechanisms of its action are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether N6022 mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing ferroptosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model and a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) mouse model to mimic cerebral I/R injury. Our data, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrated that N6022 effectively protected against I/R-induced brain damage and neurological deficits in mice, as well as OGD/R-induced BV2 cell damage. Mechanistically, N6022 promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, enhancing intracellular antioxidant capacity of SLC7A11-GPX4 system. Furthermore, N6022 interfered with the interaction of GSNOR with GSTP1, thereby boosting the antioxidant capacity of GSTP1 and attenuating ferroptosis. These findings provide novel insights, showing that N6022 attenuates microglial ferroptosis induced by cerebral I/R injury through the promotion of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibition of the GSNOR/GSTP1 axis. • Ferroptosis is involved in the pathologic process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. • N6022 effectively mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced ferroptosis. • Nrf2 and the GSNOR/GSTP1 axis are involved in the protective role of N6022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The cyclic wetting and drying had a deterioration effect on the down-slope rock bridge, and it affected the failure mode. • AE multi-parameters exhibited obvious critical slowing down phenomenon before the failure. • The timeliness of the failure prediction for specimens with different cyclic wetting and drying was discussed. Down-slope rock bridge in slopes and dangerous rock masses are often affected by cyclic wetting and drying, leading to severe geological disasters. In order to investigate the deterioration mechanism, deformation failure mode and instability precursor information of sandstone down-slope rock bridge under different cyclic wetting and drying, uniaxial compression tests combined with acoustic emission (AE) tests were conducted. The failure of the specimen experienced four stages. As the number of the cyclic wetting and drying increased, the specimen's uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decreased, and the failure mode transitioned from tensile to shear. Utilizing the critical slowing down theory, the variance and autocorrelation coefficient curves of AE multi-parameters were analyzed. The abrupt change of RA value, RA/AF value, and b value at the crack damage stress point and the abrupt change of the peak frequency lagging behind the crack damage stress point can be used as the precursors of instability. The instability precursor identified based on the peak frequency variance is closer to the specimen's peak stress point and can be used for short-term failure prediction. The autocorrelation coefficient curve of AE multi-parameters aligned with the variance curve, indicating that with an increased number of cyclic wetting and drying, the instability precursor appeared earlier, leading to a larger failure prediction time interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional deconvolution methods based on single-channel inversion do not consider the spatial structural relation between channels, and hence, they yield high-resolution results with the existing transverse inconsistency or discontinuity. Therefore, in this study, the local dip angle was used to obtain the structural information and construct the spatial structurally constraint operator. This operator is then introduced into multichannel deconvolution as a regularization operator to improve the resolution and maintain the transverse continuity of seismic data. Model tests and actual seismic data processing have demonstrated the effectiveness and practicability of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is closely connected to cardiovascular disease. We aimed to measure the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) levels, assessed by the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score, and AAC within a nationally representative sample of the US. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 participants were chosen for this cross-sectional investigation. LE8 scores, ranging from 0 to 100, were calculated according to the criteria outlined by the American Heart Association. AAC was evaluated using a semi-quantitative scoring system known as AAC-24. Weighted linear regression, multivariate logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline models were used to investigate the correlations. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to assess this association's robustness across different population groups. Increased CVH levels were associated with diminished AAC scores and a reduced prevalence of severe AAC. In the partially adjusted model, each unit increase in LE8 score was associated with a 2% decrease in severe AAC prevalence [OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 0.99]. Participants in the high CVH level group experienced a 72% reduced prevalence of severe AAC compared to those in the low CVH level group in model 2 [OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.12, 0.63]. This inverse association was notably more prominent in adults aged 60 years and above. CVH exhibited a robust negative correlation with AAC. Promoting optimal CVH levels may favor averting AAC within the general population. • The updated LE8 metric was utilized, resulting in more accurate results. • The complex sampling design safeguards against selection bias. • We generated data representative of the US population using data weighting. • Stratified analyses increased the generalizability of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of continental crustal architecture in orogenic belts is essential for understanding the geodynamic evolution of global continental collision systems. However, ongoing debates surrounding the crustal nature of the Lhasa Terrane in the central Tibetan Plateau impede our comprehension of its tectonic evolution. Mesozoic intermediate-felsic magmatism in the Lhasa Terrane offers key insights into the crustal architecture before the India-Asia collision. Here we report zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope, whole-rock element and Sr Nd isotope data from Early Cretaceous granitoids in the Baingoin batholith, northern Lhasa Terrane. These granitoids (127–115 Ma) exhibit variable SiO 2 (62.99–73.86 wt%), K 2 O (1.15–4.74 wt%), and MgO (0.49–2.48 wt%) contents. They are classified as low- to high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous to peraluminous series, enriched in large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb) and light rare earth elements ((La/Yb) N = 7.08–18.3), and depleted in high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti). These granitoids display geochemical affinities with I-type granitoid rocks and can be further subdivided into three groups. Group 1 granitoids exhibit the highest zircon ε Hf (t) (−1.57 to 5.85) and whole-rock ε Nd (t) (−3.37 to −2.45), and lowest (87Sr/86Sr) i (0.706018 to 0.706922) values, whereas Group 2 granitoids have wide ranges of zircon Hf (ε Hf (t) = −7.78 to 2.26) and enriched whole-rock Sr Nd isotope compositions ((87Sr/86Sr) i = 0.707214 to 0.707918; ε Nd (t) = −7.38 to −6.14). These suggest that Group 1 and Group 2 granitoids may be dominantly derived from the juvenile and ancient crustal sources, respectively. Group 3 granitoids are characterized by zircon Hf (ε Hf (t) = −2.85 to 3.52) and whole-rock Sr Nd isotope compositions ((87Sr/86Sr) i = 0.706473 to 0.707692; ε Nd (t) = −4.50 to −3.01) falling between the ranges of the previous two groups, likely represent a mixture of juvenile crustal-derived melt with 10–15% of reworked ancient crustal materials. Integrating previous research, we propose that the persistent ancient crustal basement beneath the northern Lhasa Terrane was concurrently undergoing significant modification through juvenile crustal materials during the Early Cretaceous. These Early Cretaceous Baingoin batholith preserves crucial records of crustal evolution and highlights the influence of upwelling asthenosphere during the transition from Bangong-Nujiang oceanic subduction to Lhasa-Qiangtang collision. • Baingoin granitoids in the northern Lhasa Terrane belong to I-type granitoids. • There is a common ancient crustal basement between the northern and central Lhasa Terranes. • Baingoin batholith witnessed the subduction and demise of the Bangong-Nujiang oceanic slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]