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With the aim of gaining new insight into the underlying apoptosis mechanisms and in vivo efficacy of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes as metalodrugs, six new cyclometalated Ir(III)–quinoline complexes, [Ir(1a)(2pq)2] (2a), [Ir(1b)(2pq)2] (2b), [Ir(1c)(2pq)2] (2c), [Ir(1d)(2pq)2] (2d), [Ir(1e)(2pq)2] (2e), and [Ir(1f)(2pq)2] (2f) (2pq = 2-phenylisoquinoline), have been synthesized using 5,7-dihalo-8-hydroxylquinoline ligands (1a–1f) and [Ir(2pq)2Cl]2 precursors and characterized. Complexes 2a–2f have shown potent anticancer activity against cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP and A549/DDP cells (IC50 = 0.11–1.83 μM), following the order 2e > 2f > 2b > 2c > 2d > 2a. Confocal microscopy images suggest that 2e and 2b could act as red-color probes for specific cell imaging and efficiently initiate apoptosis and autophagy in the mitochondria, cell cytosol, and nucleus. Overexpression of beclin1, caspase-9, cytochrome c, LC3II, and apaf-1; inhibition of p62, cyclin D1, cyclin A2, and CDK2; and a substantial rapid accumulation suggest a paraptotic mode of cell death induced by autophagy, DNA damage, and mitochondrial stress. In addition, the inhibitory rate of 2e on A549/DDP tumor growth was 64.1% at a concentration of 10.0 mg kg−1, which is clearly higher than that of cisplatin. According to the biological assay, the cyclometalated Ir(III)–quinoline complex 2e exhibited a higher anticancer effect than 2b, which may be associated with the electronic effect of the methyl group of the 1e ligand of 2e playing a key role in the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The development of white‐light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) has attracted great attention owing to their numerous advantages. Recently, perovskite materials have also shown many outstanding optoelectronic properties in light absorption and emission, and hence they are suitable for serving as the color conversion layers (CCLs) in solid‐state white‐light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, white LECs were fabricated by integrating non‐doped blue‐green LECs with CCLs made of a single composition of perovskite nanocrystal (NCs). Moreover, the correlated color temperatures (CCTs) of the white LECs can be tuned by modifying the optical properties of the perovskite NCs, in the same way as so as the color conversion properties of CCLs are tuned, through laser scan. By controlling the laser power, scanning number, and duty cycle of the scanned grating patterns on perovskite‐NC CCLs, the CCTs of the white LECs can be tuned from 2502 K to nearly 4300 K. Since this method is much different from that used with conventional CCLs, which use multiple compositions of perovskite NCs to produce white light, the inherent anion‐exchange issue of perovskite NCs can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kaladawan Fe–Mo ore field in Altyn (Xinjiang Province, NW China) contains six Fe (–Mo) deposits, with total proven reserves of 60 Mt Fe and 10,000 t Mo. Tabular, lensoidal and stratiform orebodies occur in the Cambrian foliated marble, phyllite, carbonaceous slate, chlorite–sericite schist and quartz–sericite schist along the exocontact zone of the Kaladawan granite. Skarns are extensively developed and dominated by garnet, pyroxene, epidote, tremolite and actinolite, with minor chlorite, zoisite, quartz and calcite. Ore minerals are mainly magnetite and molybdenite. Five alteration and mineralization stages (I–V) were identified: the prograde (I) and retrograde (II) skarns are characterized by assemblages of garnet–pyroxene and epidote–tremolite–actinolite, respectively, intruded and replaced by mineral assemblages of magnetite–epidote–zoisite (III), quartz–sulfides (IV) and calcite–chlorite (V) in younging order. The Kaladawan garnet contains more andradite (61.2–94.4 mol%) than grossularite (37.5–5.0 mol%). Pyroxene is Mg-rich and Fe-poor, with an endmember range of 55.4–94.7 mol% diopside and 42.5–4.7 mol% hedenbergite. Amphibole comprises mainly tremolite and actinolite. The Kaladawan skarn mineral contents resemble typical skarn Fe and Mo deposits. In-situ LA-ICP-MS magnetite trace element analysis had identified unusually high Mg, Mo and Cr concentrations. The high Mo and the absence of molybdenite inclusions in magnetite suggest that the hydrothermal fluids may have been Mo-rich. The magnetite also contains similar (Ti + V) and (Al + Mn) values with typical skarn Fe deposits. Therefore, the Kaladawan Fe–Mo mineralization is best attributed to be skarn-type, and related to the Kaladawan granite intrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4BrIr and 5BrIr induced cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction. 5BrIr can inhibit tumor xenograft growth effectively (ca. 45.3%). [Display omitted] • New cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes 4BrIr and 5BrIr were synthesized. • These two Ir(III) complexes were more selective for A549/DDP cells. • Ir(III) complexes acted as red-color probes and induced cell apoptosis. • 5BrIr showed remarkable tumour growth suppression (ca. 45.3%). In this study, two new cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes, [IrIII(phq) 2 (4Br)]⋅CH 3 OH (4BrIr) and [IrIII(phq) 2 (5Br)] (5BrIr), carrying [Ir(phq) 2 Cl] 2 precursors (phq = 2-phenylisoquinoline, 4-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline [ 4Br ], or 5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline [ 5Br ]) were synthesized and characterized using X-ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Both 4BrIr and 5BrIr were found to be more effective than cisplatin in inhibiting tumor cell growth in cisplatin resistant lung cancer A549 cells (A549/DDP, IC 50 = 0.53 ± 0.11 and 0.09 ± 0.03 μM, respectively), with 4BrIr being 473.9 times more effective than cisplatin (66.34 ± 1.21 μM) against A549/DDP cells. Confocal microscopy using the red luminescence of 4BrIr and 5BrIr revealed the accumulation of these complexes primarily in the mitochondria, increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultimately, cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction. In vivo studies revealed that 5BrIr can significantly inhibit A549/DDP-tumor growth (ca. 45.3%) in a mouse model. The variable 4- and 5-bromo-substituted groups in 4Br and 5Br ligands are associated with the diverse biological activities of 4BrIr and 5BrIr. Overall, we demonstrated that the novel 4-/5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes 4BrIr and 5BrIr can overcome the resistance to cisplatin and be developed/used as iridium-based bioimaging and anticancer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • • Mn(II) complex 1 with 8-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide was firstly synthesized. • • Mn(II) complex 1 showed high in vitro antitumor activity toward A549/DDP cells. • • Mn(II) complex 1 can cause mitochondrial dysfunction. A new manganese(II) complex bearing an 8-hydroxyquinoline- N -oxide (HNQ) ligand, i.e., [Mn(HNQ) 2 (CH 3 OH) 2 Cl 2 ] (1), was synthetized and fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis, which revealed that Mn(II) complex 1 is a six-coordinated mononuclear compound. The anticancer activity of Mn(II) complex 1 against A549/DDP and A549 cancer cells and HL-7702 normal cells was tested and compared with that of MnCl 2 ⋅4H 2 O, cisplatin, and HNQ. Mn(II) complex 1 displayed potent cytotoxic activity, especially against A549/DDP tumor cells, with IC 50 values of 0.02 ± 0.01 μM, whereas it was practically inactive against HL-7702 normal cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that the cytotoxic activity of Mn(II) complex 1 proceeds via induction of mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in A549/DDP cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions (COEs) stemming from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacturing and their affecting factors. Eight affecting factors, namely, Population (P), Urban Population (UP); the Output Values of Primary Industry (PIOV), Secondary Industry (SIOV), and Tertiary Industry (TIOV); and the Proportions of Primary Industry's Output Value (PPIOV), Secondary Industry's Output Value (PSIOV), and Tertiary Industry's Output Value (PTIOV), are chosen. PCA is employed to eliminate the multicollinearity of the affecting factors. Two principal components, which can explain 92.86% of the variance of the eight affecting factors, are chosen as variables in the regression analysis. Ordinary least square regression is used to estimate multiple linear regression models, in which COEs and the principal components serve as dependent and independent variables, respectively. The results are given in the following. (1) Theoretically, the carbon intensities of PIOV, SIOV, and TIOV are 2573.4693, 552.7036, and 606.0791kt per one billion $, respectively. The incomplete statistical data, the different statistical standards, and the ideology of self sufficiency and peasantry appear to show that the carbon intensity of PIOV is higher than those of SIOV and TIOV in China. (2) PPIOV, PSIOV, and PTIOV influence the fluctuations of COE. The parameters of PPIOV, PSIOV, and PTIOV are ?2706946.7564, 2557300.5450, and 3924767.9807kt, respectively. As the economic structure of China is strongly tied to technology level, the period when PIOV plays the leading position is characterized by lagging technology and economic developing. Thus, the influence of PPIOV has a negative value. As the increase of PSIOV and PTIOV is always followed by technological innovation and economic development, PSIOV and PTIOV have the opposite influence. (3) The carbon intensities of P and UP are 1.1029 and 1.7862kt per thousand people, respectively. The carbon intensity of the rural population can be inferred to be lower than 1.1029kt per thousand people. The characteristics of poverty and the use of bio-energy in rural areas result in a carbon intensity of the rural population that is lower than that of P. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite has great potential to fabricate deep‐red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to excellent color purity, thermal stability, and carrier mobility. However, fabricating high‐quality CsPbI3 thin films for high‐performance LEDs remains challenging. While it is demonstrated that hydrogen bonds between organic ammonium cations and molecule additives can lead to high‐quality organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite films, this method cannot be applied to CsPbI3 thin films due to the absence of hydrogen bonds between Cs+ ions and additives. In this study, an amorphous complex‐seed‐crystal growth process to fabricate high‐quality γ‐CsPbI3 cuboid crystallite thin films, is reported. During the initial annealing, the metastable intermediates formed crystal nucleate seeds and transformed into amorphous complex intermediates, maintaining stability at an elevated temperature for perovskite crystallization. With prolonged annealing, the amorphous complex around the nucleate seeds gradually converts to γ‐CsPbI3 perovskite, enabling us to fabricate CsPbI3 thin films with high crystallinity and orientation. The resulting deep‐red LEDs exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.5% and a high maximum luminance of 3158 cd m−2. Moreover, the devices show significantly suppressed efficiency roll‐off, maintaining an EQE of 14.8% even under a high current density of 500 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great Hingan Range is located in the eastern sector of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt, and is the second important Mo province in China, next to the Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt. Previous studies concluded that all the Mo deposits (Mo-only or Mo-dominated polymetallic) in the area were formed in the Mesozoic, and related either to the syn- to post-collisional setting following the closure of the Paleo-Asia Ocean, or to the westward subduction of the Pacific plate. However, the fluids forming the giant Diyanqin'amu porphyry Mo deposit in the area disagree with the features of collision-type Mo deposits, but accord with those of the subduction- or continental arc-type. The Mo mineralization is hosted in the Late Jurassic volcanic rocks and genetically related to the buried porphyritic granite and aplitic granite. Two porphyritic granite samples yield LA-ICP-MS zircon weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U ages of 158.7 ± 0.8 Ma (MSWD = 0.64, 2σ) and 158.0 ± 0.9 Ma (MSWD = 0.38, 2σ), respectively. The aplitic granite yields a zircon U–Pb weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 156.9 ± 1.1 Ma (MSWD = 0.48, 2σ), slightly younger than the porphyritic granite. Seven molybdenite samples from the ores yield Re–Os isotope ages of 156.1 ± 2.2 to 158.1 ± 4.3 Ma. These ages constrain that the Diyanqin'amu Mo system was formed in the period of 159–156 Ma. The granites at the deposit have high contents of SiO 2 , K 2 O and Al 2 O 3 , and low contents of TiO 2 , MgO and CaO, showing a peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline affinity. These granites and the host volcanic rocks are characterized by enrichment of K, Rb, U, Pb, Th and LREE, and depletion of Nb, Ta, Ti and HREE, with negative Eu anomaly, which are similar to magmatic rocks in the Andean arc. Zircon grains from the granites show positive ε Hf ( t ) values of 4.2–9.0, with T DM2 (Hf) ages of 0.63–0.94 Ga. These geochemical data imply that the granites at Diyanqin'amu are highly fractionated I-type, formed in a continental arc generated by the southeastward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on polyethylene glycol modified single-walled carbon nanotubes, a novel sol-gel fiber coating was prepared and applied to the headspace microextraction of chlorinated organic carriers (COCs) in textiles by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. The preparation of polyethylene glycol modified single-walled carbon nanotubes and the sol-gel fiber coating process was stated and confirmed by infrared spectra, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Several parameters affecting headspace microextraction, including extraction temperature, extraction time, salting-out effect, and desorption time, were optimized by detecting 11 COCs in simulative sweat samples. Compared with the commercial solid-phase microextraction fibers, the sol-gel polyethylene glycol modified single-walled carbon nanotubes fiber showed higher extraction efficiency, better thermal stability, and longer life span. The method detection limits for COCs were in the range from 0.02 to 7.5 ng L (S/N = 3). The linearity of the developed method varied from 0.001 to 50 μg L for all analytes, with coefficients of correlation greater than 0.974. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of trace COCs in textiles, the recoveries of the analytes indicated that the developed method was considerably useful for the determination of COCs in ecological textile samples. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the cells of two photosynthetic H2-producing strains, Rhodoblastus acidophilus and Rhodobacter capsulatus, as well as their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), were evaluated. The FTIR spectra of R. capsulatus and its EPS during its cultivation were also recorded. The main peaks in the spectra, including 1,080 cm−1 (carbohydrates), 1,250 cm−1 (nucleic acids), 2,830–2,930 cm−1 (lipids), 1,660–1,535 cm−1 (Amide I and II of proteins), were observed. The relative heights of these peaks in the spectra of the two strains were different, showing the difference in contents of various components in the cells or EPS. The ratios among the main components in the EPS obtained from the FTIR spectra were in good agreement with those from a conventional quantitative chemical analysis. As an easy, rapid, and direct technique, the FTIR spectroscopy could be used to characterize the components and their relative contents of EPS of photosynthetic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Turing structures, or stationary reaction‐diffusion patterns, have received increasing attention in biology and chemistry, making such unusual patterns on inorganic solids is fundamentally challenging. We report a simple cation exchange approach to produce Turing‐type Ag2Se on CoSe2 nanobelts relied on diffusion‐driven instability. The resultant Turing‐type Ag2Se‐CoSe2 material is highly effective to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes with an 84.5 % anodic energy efficiency. Electrochemical measurements show that the intrinsic OER activity correlates linearly with the length of Ag2Se‐CoSe2 interfaces, determining that such Turing‐type interfaces are more active sites for OER. Combing X‐ray absorption and computational simulations, we ascribe the excellent OER performance to the optimized adsorption energies for critical oxygen‐containing intermediates at the unconventional interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Turing structures, or stationary reaction‐diffusion patterns, have received increasing attention in biology and chemistry, making such unusual patterns on inorganic solids is fundamentally challenging. We report a simple cation exchange approach to produce Turing‐type Ag2Se on CoSe2 nanobelts relied on diffusion‐driven instability. The resultant Turing‐type Ag2Se‐CoSe2 material is highly effective to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes with an 84.5 % anodic energy efficiency. Electrochemical measurements show that the intrinsic OER activity correlates linearly with the length of Ag2Se‐CoSe2 interfaces, determining that such Turing‐type interfaces are more active sites for OER. Combing X‐ray absorption and computational simulations, we ascribe the excellent OER performance to the optimized adsorption energies for critical oxygen‐containing intermediates at the unconventional interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic, structural, photophysical, and electrochemical study of [Ir(ppy)2(py)2](BF4) (1(BF4)) and four di‐N–N‐bridged complexes of [Ir(ppy)2(bpa)]2(BF4)2 (2A(BF4)2), [Ir(ppy)2((cis‐bpe))]2(BF4)2 (2B(BF4)2), [Ir(ppy)2(tmp)]2(BF4)2 (2C(BF4)2), and [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]4(BF4)4 (3(BF4)4) are described with Hppy = 2‐phenylpyridine, py = pyridine, N–N = dipyridyl ligands of 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpa), cis‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (cis‐bpe), 1,3‐di(4‐pyridyl)propane (tmp), and 4,4'‐dipyridine (bpy). Five single‐crystal structures of 1(PF6), 2A(NO3)2, 2A(PF6)2, 2B(PF6)2, and 3(NO3)4 were determined, supporting the dibridged structures and presence of a variety of stereoisomers. Application of four luminescent complexes, 1(BF4), 2A(BF4)2, 2C(BF4)2, and 3(BF4)4, in solid‐state light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) is reported. The work demonstrates an effective approach to realize efficient LECs based on dibridged di‐ and multinuclear cationic transition‐metal complexes with a suitably long alkyl spacer in the bridging ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Primary VMS and deformation-metamorphism overprints present at the Keketale Pb-Zn(-Ag) deposit. • Elements remobilized from parental grains re-precipitated as mineral inclusions and/or liberated. • Primary VMS S-Pb isotope signatures largely retained during deformation and metamorphism. The effects of post-VMS (volcanogenic massive sulfide) deformation/metamorphism on sulfide trace element and sulfur-lead isotopic compositions remain unclear. The greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphosed Keketale VMS Pb-Zn(-Ag) deposit, located in the Devonian Maizi volcanic-sedimentary basin in the Chinese Altay, NW China, provides an opportunity to resolve the abovementioned issue. Two mineralization stages are recognized at Keketale, including (1) primary banded, massive and disseminated ores derived from sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization and (2) ore remobilization, as represented by intensively-deformed ores and quartz-polymetallic sulfide ore veins that crosscut the primary ores. Sulfide trace elements data suggest that Stage II pyrite and pyrrhotite have higher contents of Cu, Zn, Ag, Sb and Pb, whereas contents of these elements are higher in Stage I sphalerite and galena than their Stage II counterparts. Such elemental remobilization was probably caused by the rapid intragrain diffusion and subsequent fluid-mediated liberation with trace elements re-precipitated as particles within the same grain and nearby minerals, respectively. The δ34S CDT values in both stages show a trimodal distribution (−25.9 to −22.7‰, −17.0 to −10.6‰ and 0.6 to 2.1‰). Sulfide mineral pairs formed during primary VMS mineralization are not in sulfur isotopic equilibrium, and only localized re-equilibration occurs during deformation and metamorphism. In addition, the lead isotopic values of galena from remobilized sulfide veins overlap with those of the Stage I galena and pyrite. These data indicate that regional deformation and metamorphism of the Keketale deposit can be approximated as a closed system in terms of sulfur-lead isotopes. Whilst the presence of the anomalously low δ34S values (minimum −25.9‰) and the distinct lead isotopic ratios of sulfides from the calcite-quartz veins argue for that in the late part of the metamorphic event, some exotic lead and light sulfur were sourced from outside the ore field. In situ δ34S values of Stage I sulfides vary widely (−17.0 to +2.1‰), suggesting that the sulfur was originated from bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) of marine sulfates with probably some magmatic input. Lead isotopes of the sulfides and mineralized meta-sedimentary-volcanic rocks display a linear distribution between the mantle and upper crust line in the 206Pb/204Pb vs. 207Pb/204Pb diagram. The lead source may be derived from both felsic volcanic rocks and mafic igneous rocks (and/or magmatic volatiles), and the sulfur-lead isotopes may result from a shallow-level seawater circulating process. An additional group of lead isotopic compositions of the meta-volcanic rocks show elevated present-day 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb values, probably due to decay of Th and U carried by deeply-penetrative circulation (~13 km) of CO 2 -F-Cl-rich hydrothermal (metamorphic) fluids. Both syn-VMS shallow (seawater) and post-VMS deep (metamorphic fluids) circulation processes are critical for the metal concentration at Keketale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel porous boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) were successfully developed as superior adsorbents to rapidly remove cadmium and copper ions from water. The resultant BNNRs possessed large specific surface areas and small average porosity (866 m2 g−1 and 2.1 nm, respectively). The width of a single nanoribbon was approximately 660 nm. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions were about 530 mg g−1 (C0 = 600 mg L−1, pH 6, dosage = 1 g L−1) and 331 mg g−1 (C0 = 500 mg L−1, pH 5, dosage = 1 g L−1), respectively. Further, BNNRs possessed the ability to rapidly adsorb Cd2+ and Cu2+ within 10 min and 20 min, respectively. Interference and reuse experiments demonstrated that BNNRs exhibited superior adsorption performance with easy recyclability and sustainability, indicating that the adsorbents might be applied to purify heavy metal ions from diversified water including wastewater and drinking water at pH 3–8 or under the interference of other metal ions. The XPS and FTIR analyses revealed that the possible mechanism of adsorption is the chelation and attraction of heavy chemical metals by surficial chemical bonds, such as B–O and –NH2 bonds. With regard to the cadmium (1 mg L−1) and copper (10 mg L−1) contents of simulated real water, the WHO standard can be reached within 10 min and 1 min for BNNRs (dosage = 1 g L−1), respectively. Therefore, the as-prepared BNNRs are ideal candidates for water purification applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We develop for the first time a new electrochemical biosensor for signal-on detection of T4 polynucleotide kinase (PNK) based on the enhanced quasi-reversible redox signal of prussian blue generated by self-sacrificial label of iron metal-organic framework (FeMOF). The DNA hairpin probe modified with FeMOF@AuNPs at the 3'-thiol end acts as the substrate of PNK. The presence of PNK enables the 5'-phosphorylation of hairpin probe, which may subsequently function as the substrate of lambda exonuclease. Lambda exonuclease removes the 5' mononucleotides from the stem, unfolding the hairpin structure and releasing the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The resultant FeMOF@AuNP-modified ssDNA may specifically hybridize with the capture probe to form the double-strand DNA (dsDNA) duplex, enabling the immobilization of FeMOF on the electrode surface. The reaction of Fe3+ in the MOF with K 4 Fe(CN) 6 leads to the formation of prussian blue on the electrode surface and consequently the generation of a high electrochemical signal. This assay is very simple without the involvement of the pre-synthesized prussian blue which is unstable in neutral buffer, and the self-sacrificial label of FeMOF can achieve great signal amplification without the involvement of any extra functional materials. Due to the introduction of self-sacrificial label of FeMOF and the formation of prussian blue nanolayers with good quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric electrochemical activity, this biosensor exhibits high sensitivity and a large dynamic range. Moreover, this biosensor can be used to screen the PNK inhibitors, holding great potential in disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Highlights • We develop a new electrochemical biosensor for signal-on detection of T4 polynucleotide kinase (PNK). • This electrochemical biosensor is based on the enhanced quasi-reversible redox signal of prussian blue generated by self-sacrificial label of iron metal-organic framework (FeMOF). • This assay is very simple without the involvement of the pre-synthesized prussian blue which is unstable in neutral buffer. • The self-sacrificial label of FeMOF can achieve great signal amplification without the involvement of any extra functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Three orders of ore-controlled faults with distinct occurrences were identified. • Their evolution and roles in orefluids migration and ores trap were clarified. • An updated paragenesis sequences related to structural evolution was established. • The southeast Fankou Zn-Pb deposit is a promising exploration target in future. The Fankou giant deposit (with exceeding 10 Mt Zn + Pb metals, grading at 15 wt%) is a carbonate-hosted, stratabound Zn-Pb deposit in the northern Quren Basin, South China. Lenticular, stratiform and wedge-shaped orebodies are strictly hosted in specific layers of Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous carbonate sequences along a series of NE and NNE trending faults. Previous ore geological and geochemical studies proposed that the Fankou can be analogous to a Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposit, but how the evolution of complex fault system controls ore-forming fluids migration, metals accumulation and orebodies localization remains unclear. To address this question, we conducted a deposit-scale structural analysis based on the geological mapping, underground works, and diamond drills logging. We identified three-order structures gradually growing in the Fankou deposit, including: 1) The first-order fault represented by F203 is a NW-striking thrust fault penetrating basement and acts as a major conduit for ultimate hydrothermal fluids migrations from depth; 2) The second-order faults include a spectrum of NNW-striking faults F2, F3, F4, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8 and F9. They are intersected with F203 in depth, and soon before and synchronous activities with Zn-Pb mineralization; 3) The third-order faults contain a series of NNE-striking F100, F101 and F102 with limited scale, which is subordinate to second-order faults and control the terminal localization of Zn-Pb orebodies. Collectively, we conclude that the evolutionary three groups of deposit-scale faults, derived from the regional NE-striking Wuchuan-Sihui Fault, jointly control the ore-forming fluids migrations from deep to shallow and from SE to NW in space. It is noteworthy that the second- to third-order faults act as the direct metal precipitation space when the upwards metalliferous fluids replaced with the favorable lithological layers. Therefore, we highlight that the southeast part of the mining area, where the metalliferous fluids came from, is a promising exploration target area in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report a new colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode sensor for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity based on the specific enzyme amplification of ALP and the unique optical properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) hybrid. In this strategy, ALP enabled the removal of phosphate group from ascorbic acid 2-phosphate to yield ascorbic acid. Silver ions could be attached on the surfaces of GQDs via electrostatic interaction and reduced by ascorbic acid to produce AgNPs, which in-situ grew on the surfaces of GQDs, accompanied by a substantial increase in the SPR band of AgNPs and an evident fluorescence quenching of GQDs simultaneously. AgNPs acted as a “nanoquencher” to decrease the fluorescence of GQDs by fluorescence resonance energy transfer from GQDs (donor) to AgNPs (acceptor). The mechanism of ALP sensor was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and elemental mapping. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits of ALP activity are as low as 0.1 U/L and 0.02 U/L by colorimetric and fluorometric method, respectively. The dual-mode sensor could discriminatively detect ALP in L-02 cell lysates with the recoveries ranging from 93.9% to 106.5%. The probe can be employed to monitor the ALP levels in L-02 cells related to different extents of alcoholic fatty liver injury. The images of confocal laser scanning microscopy reflect that the GQD-based sensor was successfully applied to intracellular imaging of ALP activity in L-02 cells due to its favorable biocompatibility and outstanding fluorescent property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various kinds of ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully used in gas sensing applications, however, these nanomaterials have been rarely investigated in electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). In the present work, ZnO nanorods (ZnONRs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). ECL behaviors of ZnONRs were investigated in neutral aqueous condition in the presence of K 2 S 2 O 8 . Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results revealed that ZnONRs can react with K 2 S 2 O 8 to generate strong light emission, revealing that K 2 S 2 O 8 can act as coreactant of ZnONRs ECL. ZnONRs synthesized under different pH conditions exhibited different ECL intensities, and the most intense ECL signal was obtained at pH 7.0. Cytochrome C could compete with ZnONRs to react with K 2 S 2 O 8 , and exhibited apparent inhibiting effect on ZnONRs ECL, which can be sensitively detected in the range of 1.0 × 10 –11 –5.0 × 10 −9 mol L −1 , with a detection limit of 4.7 × 10 −12 mol L −1 (3σ). The present ECL system exhibited high sensitivity and good stability, which is suitable for the fabrication of novel ECL sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Tianshan Terrane (CTT) in the Eastern Tianshan (Xinjiang, NW China) is an important Pb–Zn metallogenic belt and played a pivotal role in crustal evolution and collisional tectonics of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The Shaquanzi gabbro and Hongyuan granodiorite are located in the northern margin of the CTT and associated with Pb–Zn mineralization. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded weighted mean ages of 307.2 ± 1.5 Ma and 301.2 ± 1.5 Ma for the Shaquanzi gabbro and the Hongyuan granodiorite, respectively. These rocks are medium-K calc-alkaline series and enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., K, Rb, Ba) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), displaying typical arc affinities. The Shaquanzi gabbro shows low Nb/Ta (11.0–14.2), a high Mg # range (56–59), positive zircon ε Hf (t) (+ 3.30 − + 7.26) and whole rock ε Nd (t) (+ 0.70 − + 1.38) values, and low I Sr ratios (0.704858–0.705137), which indicate that the protolith was probably derived from the sub-continental lithospheric mantle that had been metasomatized by subduction-related fluids. The Hongyuan granodiorite contains hornblende but lack of Al-rich minerals and has low I Sr ratios (0.704769–0.706211 < 0.707), suggesting an I-type origin. Moreover, the Hongyuan granodiorite has positive ε Hf (t) (+ 1.12 − + 5.57) and ε Nd (t) (+ 0.38 − + 1.86) values, with high Mg # (52), variable Nb/Ta ratios (12.6–12.9), low contents of Ni, Cr and Co and Pb isotopes ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 17.461–18.299, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.541–15.581, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 37.456–38.129), suggesting the Hongyuan granodiorite was generated by partial melting of juvenile crust sources mixed with some mantle-derived materials. Combined published works with our new geochronological, geological, geochemical and isotopic data, we propose that the CTT may have evolved from a continental arc to a syn-collisional setting during the period of ca. 307–301 Ma. The continuing southward subduction of the Junggar oceanic slab beneath the CTT in the Late Carboniferous resulted in extensive arc-related volcanic rocks emplacement that had indirect links to the Pb–Zn mineralization (e.g., reworked/upgraded). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To inhibit the radiant infrared energy between 8 and 14 μm, which is the infrared atmospheric window, and decrease the echo power of detecting laser and radar, to achieve compatible stealth, a doping structural one-dimensional photonic crystal (1-D PC) with Ge, ZnSe and Si was fabricated; and then combine it with radar absorbing material (RAM) to make a compound. After that, the reflection spectra of this compound was tested, and the result shows a high average reflectance (89.5%) in 8–14 μm waveband, and a reflective valley (39.8%) in the wavelength of 10.6 μm, which is the wavelength of CO 2 laser; and the reflectance in radar band shows that at high frequency, especially between 7.8 and 18 GHz, the radar power is strongly absorbed by this material and the reflected energy attenuate over 10 dB within the range from 11.1 GHz to 18.3 GHz, even 24.5 dB to the most in the frequency of 14.6 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a simple and feasible surface modification method to suppress the moisture-induced degradation of the green-emitting phosphor Ba 2 SiO 4 :Eu 2+ (BSO:Eu 2+ ), which hits its reliability very hard and restricts its wide commercialization in WLEDs. A hydrophobic surface layer was formed on the surface of this phosphor via hydrolysis and polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The produced surface layer consisted of an amorphous silicon dioxide with a thickness of ∼2 nm along with the presence of −CH 3 groups on the surface. The modified phosphor featured superior stability in high-pressure water steam conditions at 150 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method of fabricating an all-ceramic hydrophobic membrane is proposed. First, porous β-Sialon planar ceramic membrane was prepared by a phase inversion and sintering method. Then, the β-Sialon ceramic membrane was coated with a uniform polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer through a poly-condensation reaction. Finally, through post-heat treatment in N 2 atmosphere, the polymer layer was transformed into a tough hydrophobic vesicular ceramic layer with strong covalent Si-O and Si-N skeleton and Si-CH 3 terminal groups in the surface. High contact angles were measured between the water and the modified hydrophobic membrane, ~140°, attributed to the presence of terminal Si-CH 3 groups, which were derived from the polymer, and the micro- and nano-hierarchical lotus leaf-like structure of the surface. The high hydrophobicity was perfectly maintained after a 24 h exposure of the produced membranes to humic acid, boiling water, aqueous solution of HCl, and benzene. Membrane distillation water desalination tests were also conducted. A water flux of 14.08 l/m 2 h was obtained at 90 °C, while the rejection rate was over 99% over the duration of the test that lasted for more than 70 h, which supports that the produced membrane had excellent long-term stability and good recovery ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new Pd(II), Pt(II) and Ag(I) complexes, (1);{Pd (L 1)]2C 6 H 4 } 2 Cl 4 } (2); Pt(L 2)(DMSO)Cl; 3; {PtL 5 ] 2 C 6 H 4 } 2 ·PhCOO-⋅11NO 3 -; 4; {[Pt(L 4)] 2 C 6 H 4 }; the binuclear cyclometalated complex the polymer chain (5); {[PtL 5 ]C 6 H 4 }·NO 3 -}; and the polymeric silver species (6); Zn(L 6) 2 ·AgNO 3 ·CHCl 3 were synthesized and thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques (L 1 =(S,S)-1,4-i-PrOx] 2 C 6 H 4 } 2 Cl 4 , L 2 =Di(2,2-bis(4R-isopropyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)acetonitrile) zinc (II) (B R1);L 3 = 1,4-bis(4R-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)benzene (A R2); L 4 = 1,4-bis(4R-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)benzene，L 5 =1,4-bis(4R-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-benzene，L 6 =Di(2,2-bis(4S-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)acetonitrile) zinc (II). Complexes 1-6 showed cytotoxic effects against human tumour cell lines, including a multidrug-resistant subline. Oxazoline and Pd complex 1 induced apoptosis in A549 cells. DFT calculations were also performed to exhibit the excellent bioactivity of complex 1 against A549, MDA-MB-231, and KB cells. Complex 1, with the best docking score and a stable interaction network within the binding site of the G-quadruplex, could stably interact with the G-quadruplex. Additionally, complex 1 was further used in the animal experiment of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in nude mice. By comparing with the model control group, the tumour volume, relative tumour volume and relative tumour proliferation rate T/C decreased significantly in the cisplatin group and compound 1 (complex 1) group. [Display omitted] • Six novel mononuclear, dinuclear and one-dimensional Pd(II), Pt(II) and Ag(I) complexes related with oxazoline ligands have been easily prepared in good yields from 68% to 92%. • Pd(II), Pt(II) and Ag(I) complexes showed different cytotoxic effects against human tumour cell lines, especially complex 1 could induce an apoptosis in cell A549. • DFT calculations and molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the possible interaction mechanism between these complexes and the binding pocket of G-quadruplex. • Comparing with the control group, the tumour volume, relative tumour volume and relative tumour proliferation rate T/C decreased significantly in the animal experiment by using complex 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest problems in white light-emitting diodes ( WLEDs) is the moisture-induced degradation of phosphors. This paper proposes a simple and feasible surface modification method to solve it, whereby a hydrophobic surface layer is developed on the surface of the phosphors. The particular case of orange-red-emitting Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ ( SSN) phosphor was investigated. The mechanism to develop the hydrophobic layer involves hydrolysis and polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate ( TEOS) and polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS). The experimental results showed that the surface layer of SSN phosphor was successfully modified to a hydrophobic nanolayer (8 nm) of amorphous silicon dioxide that contains CH3 groups in the surface. This hydrophobic surface layer gives the modified phosphor superior stability in high-pressure water steam conditions at 150°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mesoproterozoic Kawabulake Group, which is unconformably overlain by the Lower Cambrian Huangshan Formation and conformably overlies the Mesoproterozoic Xingxingxia Group in the Eastern Tianshan area, NW China, is comprised mainly of siltstone, slate, sandstone and phyllite. New geochemical data for the clastic rocks from the Kawabulake Group were investigated to constrain the provenance and weathering history of the source rocks, in order to evaluate the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Tianshan area. Kawabulake Group rocks are compositionally similar to PAAS (average Post-Archean Australian Shale), indicating derivation from a felsic source that is characterized by depletion in some HFSEs such as Nb, Ta and Ti. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) for the sandstone, siltstone and slate samples (CIA = 60 on average) suggests intensely weathered sources. Light REE-enrichment patterns ((La/Yb) = 4-20) coupled with negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* between 0.44 and 0.89 with an average of 0.62) are similar to those of PAAS, consistent with cratonic sources. The major and trace element compositions imply a dominantly Precambrian felsic source region with a minor contribution from mafic materials. The Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and the ages of T (~3.4, 2.5-1.8, 1.2 and 1.0 Ga) are consistent with the evolutionary history of Kuluketage in the northern Tarim, suggesting that the Tarim Craton was the main source area for the Kawabulake Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caixiashan giant carbonate-hosted Zn–Pb deposit (~ 131 Mt@ 3.95% Zn + Pb) formed by replacement of dolomitized marble, with stratiform massive and breccia bodies is located near the base of the Proterozoic Kawabulake Group limestone and marble. It is one of the largest carbonated-hosted massive sulfides Zn–Pb ore deposits in Northwest China to have been discovered in recent years. Abundant pyrite occurs in dolomitized marble, along fractures in dolomitized clasts in the host rocks and filling cracks in the host rock. Locally, colloform or framboidal pyrites are observed in the early period and sometimes replaced by the later sphalerite. The sulfide assemblage of the main ore stage is characterized by massive or disseminated sphalerite and galena, with less pyrite than the earlier stage, and minor pyrrhotite. Galena occurs as small veins cutting the early-formed sphalerite. Dolomite and calcite are the main gangue minerals that co-precipitated with these sulfides. Tremolite and quartz alteration commonly overprints the orebodies. According to the crosscutting relationships and the different mineral associations within the host rocks and ore bodies, three stages are recognized at Caixiashan, i.e., syn-sedimentary pyrite (stage I), pyrite alteration, sphalerite–carbonate and galena–pyrite–carbonate (stage II-1, stage II-2 and stage II-3, respectively) and magmatic/metamorphic reworking (stage III). Calcite and quartz crystals are important host minerals among the three hypogene stages (stages I–III, although quartz mainly occurred in stage III). Stage I contains only aqueous inclusions (W-type), which were homogenized from 110 to 236 °C (main range of 138–198 °C and average at 168 °C; main range = average ± σ) and the salinities are from 0.5 to 16.5 (main range of 5.1–15.1 with average of 10.1) wt.% NaCl eqv. In the pyrite alteration of stage II-1 the W-type fluid inclusions homogenized from 175 to 260 °C (main range of 210–260 with average of 235) and the salinities range from 8.5 to 22.4 (main range of 16.7–20.1 with average of 18.4) wt.% NaCl eqv. In the main Zn–Pb mineralization stage (stage II-2–3), four types of fluid inclusions were identified an aqueous phase (W-type), a pure carbon phase (PC-type), a carbon phase containing (C-type) and mineral bearing inclusions (S-type). The W-type fluid inclusions of stage II-2–3 homogenized at 210 to 370 °C (main range of 253–323 and average at 270) and the salinities range from 5.9 to 23.1 (main range of 13.3–20.3 with average at 16.8) wt.% NaCl eqv.; C-type homogenized at 237 °C to 371 °C and the salinities range from 6.4–19.7 wt.% NaCl eqv.; S-type fluid inclusions homogenized at 211 to 350 °C and daughter minerals melted between 340 and 374 °C during heating, indicating a salinity range of 42 to 44 wt.% NaCl eqv. PC-type fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures of CO 2 phase show large variation from 7.4 °C to 21.2 °C. Laser Raman analyses show that CH 4 , CO 2 and SO 4 2 − coexist in the main mineralization stage fluids. The magmatic/metamorphic reworking stage only contains W-type fluid inclusions which yield homogenized between 220 and 360 °C (main range of 251–325 and average at 288), with salinities ranging from 1.7 to 23.0 (main range of 14.3–20.0 and average at 18.8) wt.% NaCl eqv. The textural features, mineral assemblages and fluid geochemistry suggest that the Zn–Pb ores were formed through hydrothermal convection of hot marine waters along the faults and fractures resulting in metal (Zn, Pb and Fe) enriched stratiform orebodies. Subsequent rapid precipitation of sulfides was triggered by sulfate (SO 4 2 − ) thermal reduction with the CH 4 preserved in sedimentary rocks and early stage I pyrite bodies. This process occurred at moderate temperatures ( ca . 270 °C). Higher-temperature magmatic hydrothermal alteration overprinted the orebodies, but only provided a minor contribution to the mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zircon U–Pb ages of high Mg dioritic dikes in the Mesoproterozoic Kawabulake Group in the Eastern Tianshan area, NW China indicate that they were emplaced in the Early Carboniferous at 353–348 Ma. The dikes consist of medium-grained plagioclase and hornblende with minor clinopyroxene and trace quartz. They are characterized by intermediate SiO 2 (60–62 wt.%), low TiO 2 (0.63–0.71 wt.%), relatively high Al 2 O 3 (15.1–15.8 wt.%) and MgO contents (3.45–4.15 wt.%) with Mg# generally higher than 56 (56–59). The geochemistry of the high Mg diorites suggest they were formed by similar magmatic processes to sanukitoid high Mg Andesites such as those of the Setouchi volcanic belt, Japan. Zircons from the high Mg dioritic dikes have ε Hf( t ) values of −6.8 to +14.5. The dominantly positive values suggest a juvenile source, whereas the small number of negative values suggests mature components were also incorporated into the source. Similarly, the positive ε Nd( t ) values (0 to +2.2) are interpreted to reflect a juvenile source whereas the negative values of (−5.2 to 0) suggest participation of old crustal rocks in the petrogenesis of the diorites. The variable ε Hf( t ) and ε Nd( t ) values suggest that the mature material was assimilated during magma ascent rather than in the mantle wedge which would result in more uniform values. Mass balance calculations suggest that the dioritic dikes were derived from sources composed of approximately 97% juvenile mantle-derived material and 3% sediment. Petrographic, elemental, and isotopic evidence suggest that the dioritic dikes were generated by partial melting of depleted mantle that migrated into the shallow crust where it assimilated older sedimentary rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Kawabulake Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The easy-to-use method for detecting uric acid in human serum is of great importance because of its crucial role in physiological and pathological processes. Herein, a simple and effective strategy was designed for colorimetric sensing of uric acid using the morphological transition of Ag nanoprisms. In the presence of uricase, uric acid was oxidized to produce H 2 O 2 . Subsequently, the morphology of Ag nanoprisms changed from triangle to round by etching of H 2 O 2 , leading to a more than 120 nm blue shift of surface plasmon resonance spectral band. The color change from pale blue to purple related to concentration change of uric acid can be judged by naked eyes. A linear relationship between the blue shift of peak of Ag nanoprisms and uric acid concentration ranged from 1.0 to 40 μM. The detection limit of uric acid was 0.7 μM. Some potential interferents (e.g., ascorbic acid, glucose, dopamine, hypoxanthine and various amino acids) in human serum showed no interference. Serum samples could be directly added into Ag nanoprism–uricase sensing system, and the assay can be completed within one hour. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for detecting uric acid in human serum with the recoveries over 95%. The obtained results are in agreement with those measured by biochemistry analyzer with the average relative error of 5.1%. The Ag nanoprism–uricase sensor offers advantages of high selectivity and sensitivity, low-cost instruments, and rapid assay without sample pretreatment. Thus, the present uric acid sensor has great potential in applications for biochemical analysis and clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Talate ore field is located in the Abagong polymetallic metallogenic belt of the Altay Orogen, NW China. Lenticular ore bodies occur in the Kangbutiebao Formation, a package of intermediate-felsic marine volcanic rocks and terrigenous clastic sedimentary-carbonate rocks. Skarn alteration (mainly garnet) is present in both ore and wall rocks, especially the carbonate rocks. The mineral assemblages and cross-cutting relationships of veins allow the alteration and mineralization process to be divided into four stages. From early to late, these are the early skarn (E-skarn), the late skarn with quartz-magnetite veins (QM), the quartz-sulphide (QS) and the quartz-carbonate (QC) assemblages. Quartz crystals are important gangue minerals in the latter three stages, in which four distinct compositions of fluid inclusions are identified based on petrography, microthermometry and laser Raman microspectroscopy, namely aqueous inclusions (W-type), pure CO2 inclusions (PC-type), CO2-rich inclusions (C-type) and daughter mineral-bearing inclusions (S-type). Microthermometric data and laser Raman analyses show that the quartz crystals from the QM stage contain all four inclusion types, with the W-type being predominant. Homogenization temperatures range between 271 and 426 °C. The salinities of the W- and C-type fluid inclusions range from 0.5 to 22.4 wt.% NaCl eqv., whereas the S-type fluid inclusions in the QM stage range from 31 to 41 wt.% NaCl eqv. Daughter minerals in the fluid inclusions include halite, sylvite, pyrite and calcite. Quartz from the QS stage (main mineralization stage) contains the W-, C- and PC-type inclusions, which are homogenized at temperatures of 204-269 °C, with salinities of 0.2-15.6 wt.% NaCl eqv. Only W-type fluid inclusions have been identified in the QC stage. These yielded homogenizing temperatures of 175-211 °C and salinities of 1.1-9.9 wt.% NaCl eqv. The C-type fluid inclusions of the main (QS) mineralization stage yield trapping pressures of 107-171 MPa, corresponding to a depth of 4-6 km. The sulphur isotope values (−1.7‰ and −6.6‰) imply that the QS stage may not be directly associated with the early skarn (−7.4‰) and quartz-magnetite stages (−4.8‰ and −5.0‰), though the QS stage is probably dominated by magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. 40Ar/39Ar isotope plateau ages of 227.6 and 214.1 Ma for biotite separated from the QM and QS stages are significantly younger than the host Kangbutiebao Formation ( ca. 410 Ma). The Talate Pb-Zn(-Fe) deposit is interpreted to be an unusual skarn-type system formed in a continental collision orogeny. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) based on carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotube fibers was used to extract several chlorophenols (CPs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous samples prior to their determination by GC with electron capture detection. The main parameters affecting microextraction (temperature, time, stirring rate and salting-out effect) and the conditions of the thermal desorption in the GC injector were optimized. Compared with commercial SPME fibers, the fiber presented better selectivity and sensitivity. Linear response was found for the concentration range between 2 and 1000 ng L (20-1000 ng L for CPs), and the limits of detection were in the range from 0.07 to 4.36 ng L. The repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation ranged from 4.1 % to 8.2 % and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility for four prepared fibers was between 6.5 % and 10.8 %. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of CPs and OCPs in lake water and waste water samples. Recovery was tested with spiked lake water and waste water samples, with values ranging from 89.7 % to 101.2 % in case of waste water samples. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this contribution, we describe a method to estimate the kinetics of the indirect pathway in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) at Pt electrode by using electrochemical in situ infrared spectroscopy combined with a thin-layer flow cell. Based on a quantitative relationship between the coverage of adsorbed carbon monoxide (COad) and its infrared band intensities determined experimentally, COad coverages during MOR are estimated from the simultaneously recorded time-resolved IR measurements. By assuming that COad oxidation goes through Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, its rate constant is estimated in pure supporting electrolyte under otherwise identical condition. Based on the result, the rates of COad formation and COad oxidation during MOR are deduced from the COad coverage–time curve. The methodology is exemplified with MOR on Pt electrode at +0.6V (versus RHE) in 0.1M HClO4 with 2M methanol. It is found that under forced-flow condition: (i) the maximum reaction rate for COad oxidation is ca. 0.004 molecule site−1 s−1 which is 100 times smaller than the maximum rate for COad formation from methanol dehydrogenation; (ii) with increase in COad coverage from zero to 0.5 ML, the current efficiency of the indirect pathway for MOR increases and reaches ca. 17% under steady state. The general applicability of such a method is shortly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "FTIR-spectral analysis of two photosynthetic hydrogen-producing strains and their extracellular polymeric substances," by Guo-Ping Sheng, Han-Qing Yu and Cheng-Ming Wang, published November 2006 issue of"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol," is presented.

The new material consists of abundant Turing-type Ag SB 2 sb Se-CoSe SB 2 sb interfaces, which are active sites that allow for favorable chemisorption of surface oxygenated species, leading to enhanced energetics for the oxygen evolution reaction. Energy efficiency, multi-interface, oxygen evolution, reaction-diffusion model, Turing structure Keywords: energy efficiency; multi-interface; oxygen evolution; reaction-diffusion model; Turing structure EN energy efficiency multi-interface oxygen evolution reaction-diffusion model Turing structure 6828 6828 1 03/10/21 20210315 NES 210315 B Turing patterns b have been widely seen in living systems. [Extracted from the article]

• Stratiform "green rocks" are referred to as stratiform skarns. • Skarns are metasomatic products of magmatic instead of SEDEX fluids. • Skarns result from infiltration rather than contact metasomatism. • Stratabound Pb-Zn ore deposits in Fozichong belong to skarn-type. The Fozichong Pb-Zn ore district, located in the Yunkai Domain, southern section of the Qin-Hang Metallogenic Belt (QHMB) in South China, consists of several large-size stratabound ore deposits. The ore bodies are mainly stratiform and stratoid, bounded within the Ordovician and Silurian strata that are intruded by the Yanshanian porphyries. These deposits are debated between syngenetic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX)- and epigenetic skarn-type. Since the occurrence of ore bodies is accompanied by the green-color stratiform rock (GSR), the GSR origin may play an important role to resolve the controversy. This motivates us to conduct a set of petrographic investigations, whole-rock and mineral chemistry analyses of the GSR coupled with zircon U–Pb geochronology of the intrusions. Detailed petrographic observations reveal that the GSR is mainly composed of a mineral assemblage of garnet, pyroxene, epidote, amphibole and chlorite, in analogy with that of traditional skarns. In addition, the concentrations of ore-related Pb, Zn, Cu and Ba consistently decrease from rim to core of an individual GSR layer, supporting an origin of hydrothermal fluid replacement rather than comparatively homogeneous sedimentation. Therefore, the Fozichong GSR is referred to as the stratiform skarn in literature. The Mn-poor and Ca-rich andradite, diopside-hedenbergite and calcic amphibole in the skarn provide robust evidence for the magmatic hydrothermal origin. The skarn is believed to be formed by the infiltration of magmatic hydrothermal fluids since it is not confined in the intrusion contact zone. Where the hydrothermal fluids derived from is complicated due to the multi-stages magmatic intrusions present in the district. Detailed investigations indicate that the late Yanshanian porphyries (zircon U–Pb dated at ~ 100 Ma, including dacite porphyry and granite porphyry) have a genetic link with the Fozichong skarn mineralization, while the Indosinian Dachong pluton and the early Yanshanian Guangping pluton exhibit insignificant correlation with the mineralization. The redox state of the skarn system changes from oxidation (prograde and retrograde stages) to reduction (late retrograde and quartz-sulfide stages), as recorded by the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in skarn minerals (i.e., 0.05 for garnet, 0.01–0.23 for amphibole and 55.6–178.1 for chlorite, respectively). During the redox transition, the mineralization has been developed with the precipitation of chlorite at moderate temperatures (~255 to 278 °C). In combined with the above analyses, the Fozichong is representative of a stratabound skarn Pb-Zn mineralization system in the Yunkai Domain, South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Schemes 1 and 2 and repeated line in subsection "Bis(ligand) nickel(II) chelate (NiL12)". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Schemes 1 and 2 and repeated line in subsection "Bis(ligand) nickel(II) chelate (NiL12)". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The general approach to the synthesis of metal complexes begins with ligand synthesis, followed by ligand reaction with metal salts to afford organometallic complexes. Our research group first reported a one-pot multicomponent synthesis of chiral oxazolinyl–zinc complexes, in the presence of a large amount of ZnCl2 (0.4–2.6 equiv.), with the yields of some products reaching 90%. Results: Our prior strategy was extended to use copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese, palladium or platinum salts as the third component. The one-step method used 1.0 equivalent of a metal salt, such as M(OAc)2·nH2O or MCl2·nH2O (M: Cu, Co, Ni, Pd or Pt, n = 1, 2 or 4), as a reagent to generate chiral salicyloxazoline complexes 1–8 in the reaction of 2-cyanophenol with different d- and l-amino alcohols. Conclusion: Complexes 1–8 were obtained using a one-pot method with a sequential strategy. The reaction outcome was demonstrated for three-component reactions between metal salts, amino alcohols and 2-hydroxybenzonitrile to afford organometallic complexes in good yields (65–95%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method serves for the [4 + 2]-cyclization of aliphatic enolizable aldehydes with quinone derivatives in the presence of molecular oxygen as oxidant and a prolinol-derived chiral catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]