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The TRIZ theory was used to accurately discover the problems to be solved in the design of roadway surrounding rock control technology. This paper tried to solve the complex issue of surrounding rock control in deep roadways from a new perspective. Based on the functional component analysis and causal axis analysis of the problem's primary reason, simultaneously, the surrounding rock control technology was optimized through technical contradiction analysis, physical contradiction analysis, and substance and field model analysis. As a result, a fully enclosed wire-shell support technology was proposed. Finally, taking the typical soft rock roadway engineering of Pansan Coal Mine in Huainan Mining Area, Anhui Province, China, as the engineering background, the engineering application and effect evaluation were completed. This paper provides a reference for controlling the instability of deep soft rock roadways in coal mines. A new idea of optimizing roadway support engineering based on TRIZ theory was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Flip-Flow Screen is extensively utilized in the vibrating screening process for the treatment of particle matter. In this study, a four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) Flip-Flow Screen was proposed. The granules in the 4-DOF Flip-Flow Screen were modeled using the discrete element method. The screening process of the 4-DOF Flip-Flow Screen was simulated by multi-flexible body dynamics-discrete element method (MFBD-DEM) coupling. The impact of vibration frequency and amplitude on the sieving effect of the Flip-Flow Screen was studied. The vibration parameters of the 4-DOF Flip-Flow Screen were optimized using the response surface method to improve sieving performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to assess the simulation findings. The results show that the variables with the greatest influence on the screening efficiency are z-direction frequency and x-direction frequency, respectively. The best outcome corresponding to the maximum screening efficiency is found to occur as the z-direction frequency, x-direction frequency, x-direction amplitude, and y-direction amplitude are all at 7.5 Hz, 15 mm, and 3 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head trauma is considered as the main cause of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, many patients develop CSDH with no identified cause. Herein, we conduct a comparative study to investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of CSDH patients with and without a history of head trauma. We retrospectively reviewed CSDH patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2021. Patients were categorized into a with head trauma (WHT) group and a without head trauma (WOHT) group for comparative analysis. A total of 219 patients were included, 119 (54.3%) cases in the WHT group and 100 (45.7%) cases in the WOHT group. More cancer patients were found in the WOHT group than in the WHT group (P = 0.045). Both at discharge and 6-month follow-up, patients in the WOHT group achieved better clinical outcomes than the WHT group cases (P = 0.025 and 0.034, respectively). Furthermore, ordered multiclass logistic regression analyses indicated that a history of head trauma (odds ratio 2.151, 95% confidence interval 1.052–4.386; P = 0.036) was a risk factor significantly related to the unfavorable outcomes at 6-month follow-ups of CSDH. However, we did not find significant differences between the 2 groups in clinical manifestations, radiological characteristics, postoperative complications, mortality, and recurrence rates. CSDH patients with a history of head trauma may be more susceptible to unfavorable outcomes; thus, they should be carefully evaluated and given more attention during hospitalization and after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing state-of-the-art unsupervised person re-identification (Re-ID) methods rely on clustering to generate pseudo labels for training. The reliability of pseudo labels directly affects the performance of these methods. Due to unsatisfactory feature embedding and imperfect clustering, pseudo labels are not always reliable that significantly hinder the representation learning of person. To address this issue, an Uncertainty-guided Robust labels refinement method is proposed. It employs uncertainty as guidance to selects and optimizes unreliable pseudo labels, which alleviates the impact of incorrect pseudo labels. Specially, an uncertainty estimation module is constructed, which identifies the samples with low reliability applies base on consistency between the ideal distribution and the predicted distribution. To mitigate the impact of unreliable samples, the labels refinement module is designed, which rebuilds labels for low reliability samples by measuring similarity from the closest centroid. Thanks to the reliability of pseudo labels provided by uncertain estimation module, the proposed method enhances robustness to noisy labels and learns discriminative representations of person. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and achieves advanced performance for unsupervised person Re-ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to their resource ownership and resource acquisition channels, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model of enterprises' technological innovation investment channels considering managers' expectations. This results in the strategy of non-alliance firms along the first channel having a significant impact on the evolutionary equilibrium. For non-alliance enterprises, the difference in the amount of investment in the R&D stage has the same impact on the probability of such enterprises following the first channel. The number of active managers, group capacity, the difference in managers' expectations, and the difference in the amount of technological innovation investment in the R&D stage have significant differences in the possibility of choosing the first channel between the two types of enterprises. The research conclusions can provide valuable references for enterprises to make technological innovation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on various factors in information sharing between innovation alliance groups, this paper analyzes innovation information sharing under the influence of various factors and its evolutionary path to provide a reference for the decision-making of innovation information sharing between innovation alliance groups. Firstly, the paper analyzes the main factors influencing alliance group innovation information-sharing behavior. Secondly, based on the evolutionary game theory, an evolutionary game model of innovative information sharing under the cooperative trust degree of group decision-makers is constructed, and the related stable strategies are given. Finally, the sensitivity of innovative information-sharing strategies to key influencing factors is analyzed with the help of actual case data. The results show that a reasonable amount of innovation information sharing and fair profit distribution can improve the innovation information-sharing behavior among the industry–university–research alliance. Considering the trust degree of vertical partners, the alliance group pays more attention to the profit distribution ratio of collaborative innovation of the innovation alliance than the profit amount. When horizontal partner trust is considered, horizontal cooperation trust can promote information sharing among enterprises, universities, and research institutes in the short term but impedes information sharing among groups in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical intervention for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in the extremely aged population remains a difficult challenge. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes after twist drill craniotomy (TDC) of CSDH in super-elderly (≥80 years) patients. A retrospective analysis of super-elderly patients with CSDH who underwent TDC treatment in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2021 was performed. Their clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared with those of relatively younger patients (60–79 years). Factors that may affect functional outcomes were also investigated. Fifty-nine super-elderly patients and 133 patients aged 60–79 years were included. The preoperative hematoma volume of the super-elderly patients was significantly larger than that of the 60–79 years group, whereas fewer super-elderly patients had headaches compared with the relatively younger counterparts. After surgical treatment using the TDC procedure, the incidence of complication and the hematoma recurrence rate were similar between the 2 groups. Moreover, according to the Markwalder score of the follow-up at 6 months after operation, the prognosis of the super-elderly group was not poorer than that of the patients of 60–79 years (P = 0.662). Preoperative dysfunction of coagulation (odds ratio, 28.421; 95% confidence interval, 1.185–681.677; P = 0.039) was an independent risk factor significantly related to unfavorable outcomes of super-elderly patients with CSDH. Advanced age per se does not seem to be a contraindication for the operative intervention of CSDH. Surgical treatment using the TDC procedure can still provide considerable benefits for super-elderly patients with CSDH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsupervised person re-identification (Re-ID) is a challenging task due to the complexity of the camera view and the variability introduced by pedestrian pose. The irrelevant samples in sample-based contrastive learning pose a potential risk of overfitting which reduces the ability to identify similar features. Therefore, the feature representation relies on the local feature to perceive global content and overfits negative samples. This paper proposes an innovative approach: Attention-Boosted Contrastive Learning (ABC-Learning), which increases region awareness and regularizes in-memory samples. In ABC-Learning, the adjacent content aware (ACA) module is designed to enhance regional feature recognition. It enables local regions of feature maps to re-balance their output by perceiving the informative features of neighboring regions. Additionally, cluster-oriented self-attention (COS) is proposed to regularize the influence of different clusters on the contrastive learning process. The structure of COS reduces the influence of irrelevant clusters through memory data distribution. Finally, a new distance-weighted (DW) memory updating strategy is deployed to keep memory and encoder coherent. DW ensures updating consistency and knowledge transfer through relative distance detection. Our results evaluated on person Re-ID benchmarks demonstrate the promising ability of ABC-Learning to capture the regional feature information and sample weights adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsupervised person re-identification (Re-ID) is a challenging task due to the complexity of the camera view and the variability introduced by pedestrian pose. The irrelevant samples in sample-based contrastive learning pose a potential risk of overfitting which reduces the ability to identify similar features. Therefore, the feature representation relies on the local feature to perceive global content and overfits negative samples. This paper proposes an innovative approach: Attention-Boosted Contrastive Learning (ABC-Learning), which increases region awareness and regularizes in-memory samples. In ABC-Learning, the adjacent content aware (ACA) module is designed to enhance regional feature recognition. It enables local regions of feature maps to re-balance their output by perceiving the informative features of neighboring regions. Additionally, cluster-oriented self-attention (COS) is proposed to regularize the influence of different clusters on the contrastive learning process. The structure of COS reduces the influence of irrelevant clusters through memory data distribution. Finally, a new distance-weighted (DW) memory updating strategy is deployed to keep memory and encoder coherent. DW ensures updating consistency and knowledge transfer through relative distance detection. Our results evaluated on person Re-ID benchmarks demonstrate the promising ability of ABC-Learning to capture the regional feature information and sample weights adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydro-swelling of smectite clay minerals in low-permeability reservoirs further decreases the reservoir permeability and results in low oil recovery. Currently, the traditional chemical anti-swelling agents are widely used, but most of them are only effective in the short term and are not environmentally friendly. Here, we report the use of Fe(III) reducing microorganisms (FeRM) as a novel green anti-swelling agent to enhance oil recovery from low-permeability reservoirs. The results showed that FeRM (Proteus hauserifective) inhibited/reduced the hydro-swelling of smectite clay minerals through a three-step biochemical mineralization reaction process. The structural Fe(III) reduction in minerals by FeRM can be an important driving force for illitization. The maximum inhibition efficiency (36.6%) and shrinkage efficiency (69.3%) were achieved at 35 °C and 0.1 Mpa. Furthermore, core displacement tests showed that FeRM reduced the waterflooding injection pressure by 61.1%, increased the core permeability by 49.6%, and increased the oil recovery by 8.1%. Finally, the mechanism of FeRM-enhanced oil recovery was revealed. This study demonstrates that using FeRM to inhibit/reduce the hydro-swelling of clay minerals holds great potential to enhance the oil recovery from low-permeability reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sophistication, adaptability, and complexity of biological systems have provided enormous inspiration and have been a continuous source of numerous innovations. Soft living organisms like drosera capensis have amazing predatory behavior that can capture prey of ideal size, enabling them to interact with environmental stimuli efficiently. Mimicking such natural intelligence in artificial systems with systematical functions of multiple information perception, neuronal transmission, and adaptive motility remains a grand challenge. Here, a biomimetic drosera capensis is reported that is capable of multifunctional self‐sensing, automatic regulation, and adaptive actuation in response to diverse stimuli with intelligent predation capability in an entirely closed‐loop fashion. The functional system heterogeneously integrates the thermal‐responsive soft actuator as the muscle‐like motor and flexible tactile, strain, and piezoelectric multimodal sensors as somatosensory receptors. With the synergistic effect of multifunctional sensing and fast actuating schemes, the artificial drosera capensis deconvolutes multiple characteristics of the catching process (e.g., strain rate, magnitude, and direction) and thus holds impressive predatory behavior for ideal‐sized prey. This electronically innervated artificial drosera capensis with multimodal sensing and self‐regulated actuating capability through the closed‐loop control of sensing and actuating system paves the way for the development of adaptive soft robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing images, especially hyperspectral images (HSIs), are extremely vulnerable to random noise and stripe noise. As a key aspect of HSI data quality improvement, stripe noise removal has always been a pervasive issue in remote sensing image processing. Convolutional neural networks have been applied for HSI data destriping. However, the existing methods lose the stripe-free component of the original image to a certain extent. These models also ignore the global spatial context of images and the correlation between spatial information and spectral information. Therefore, we propose a novel destriping convolutional network to overcome the problems with the existing methods. Octave convolution is used to extract cross-frequency features, and separate and compress the low-frequency information of the images, while dilation convolution (Dila-Conv) is used to reduce the amount of required calculation and also preserve the key image information. In addition, Dila-Conv can expand the receptive field to obtain multiscale features. Finally, a cross-channel enhanced spatial–spectral feature fusion module is used to acquire and integrate spatial context information and interchannel dependencies on a global scale as auxiliary information so that the network model can learn and pay attention to key feature information, specifically, “what to look for” and “where to look at,” which can facilitate the distinction between stripe and stripe-free components. Experimental results obtained using multiple datasets demonstrated that the proposed method can outperform the existing comparable methods and can produce satisfactory results in terms of visual effects and quantitative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, an approach for development of a novel FS-PCMCs by incorporation of FAs into the GCA, which was derived from one-step hydrothermal of C-MWCNTs and GO followed by annealing treatment, through a simple direct impregnation. The FS-PCMCs was developed for solar energy storage. [Display omitted] The exploitation of excellent performance form-stable phase change material composites (FS-PCMCs) with enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and high phase change latent heat is of great significance for thermal energy storage. In this work, a new type of FS-PCMCs with superior light-to-thermal conversion performance were created by impregnation of organic phase change material (1-hexadecylamine (HDA) and 1-tetradecylamine (TDA)) into the graphene aerogel (GA) and all-carbon aerogel (GCA) through a simple direct infusion. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are wound around the inner wall of the GA layer to form a three-dimensional (3D) porous network structure to support fatty amine (FAs), thus achieving shape stability before and after phase transition. Moreover, the FS-PCMCs has extremely high phase transition enthalpy (203.1–248 kJ·kg−1) and good recyclability. More importantly, due to the high absorbance of GCA, it can enhance its light absorption capacity and reduce thermal radiation. The light-to-thermal conversion efficiency of the FS-PCMCs is 72.36%-88.25%. Taking the improvement of the comprehensive properties of the FS-PCMCs, the results of this work may open up a way for rational design and preparation of high-performance FS-PCMCs with enhanced storage capacity and light-to-thermal conversion efficiency for the efficient utilization of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the new lysosome-targeting indole-BODIPY derivatives BDP-Lys, IBDP-Lys, and I2BDP-Lys. BDP-Lys dye was designed for fluorescence imaging through introduction of an indole-containing morpholine moiety to a BODIPY core. Monoiodine and diiodine were incorporated into BDP-Lys dye to develop the photosensitizers IBDP-Lys and I2BDP-Lys. The maximum absorption (λabs) for IBDP-Lys and I2BDP-Lys displayed a redshift at approximately 11 nm and 27 nm, respectively, compared with the BDP-Lys dye (λabs = 504 nm). Similarly, the maximum emission also exhibited a redshift. The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of IBDP-Lys (ΦF = 0.37%) and I2BDP-Lys (ΦF = 0.71%) was much lower than that of BDP-Lys dye (ΦF = 7.48%). The singlet oxygen quantum yields were measured as 43.10% for IBDP-Lys and 71.00% for I2BDP-Lys, which were higher than the iodine-free dye BDP-Lys. The theoretical calculation reasonably explains that iodine atoms promoted the intersystem crossing (ISC) process, and di-iodine further enhanced the ISC in indole-BODIPY dyes. Moreover, monoiodine photosensitizer IBDP-Lys was able to balance the generation of singlet oxygen and biocompatibility in cancer treatment. IBDP-Lys exhibited low dark toxicity (cell viability >90%), satisfactory biocompatibility, and precise lysosome targeting, with a Pearson coefficient of 0.93. The IBDP-Lys photosensitizer also was able to kill tumour cells. Considering the above results, the novel structure of indole-BODIPY photosensitizers could serve as a potential platform for lysosome-targeted imaging and photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to design a single and double throat oil groove structure, which can reduce the drag torque of the wet clutch. Design/methodology/approach: A three-dimensional simulation model was established herein using the computational fluid dynamics method. The influence of oil groove structure on the oil film flow field and the drag torque is obtained by a simulation. Findings: Compared with the traditional radial oil groove, the results show that the single throat oil groove structure reduces the drag torque by about 24.59%; the double throat oil groove reduces the drag torque by about 47.27%. As the speed difference increases, the average temperature rise of the oil film of the double throat oil groove is 4°C lower than that of the single throat oil groove, indicating that it has good heat dissipation performance. The analysis results were verified by experimental results. Originality/value: In this paper, the radial oil groove is taken as the reference object, and the structure of the oil groove is designed and improved. The simulation analysis and experiment verify the rule of the influence of the oil groove structure on the drag torque, which provides a new design idea for reducing the drag torque of wet clutch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the problems of low screening efficiency, easy blocking of screen holes, and short service life of key parts commonly used in vibrating screen equipment, the TRIZ (Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems) was applied in the present work to design a four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF; three translational and one rotational movements) chaotic vibrating screen with a chaotic vibration exciter as the main power source and a 3-DOF (three translational movements) parallel kinetic chain as the kinematic constraint mechanism of the outer screen frame. Based on the topological structure theory, a hybrid mechanism with structure [ 4 SOC − C i 1 ∥ R i 2 ∥ R i 3 − + R , i = 1,2,3,4 ] was constructed as the kinematic constraint mechanism of the inner screen box of the chaotic vibrating screen to solve the freedom of motion and POC (position and orientation characteristic) equations of parallel kinematic constraint mechanism of the outer screen frame and hybrid constraint mechanism of the inner screen box. The dynamic simulation of a virtual prototype of the chaotic vibrating screen was carried out in ADAMS software, and MATLAB was used to chaos recognition of the simulation results. It was found that the chaotic exciter moved aperiodically in X-, Y-, and Z-directions when the chaotic exciter motor rotated at uniform speed, and the amplitude, velocity, and acceleration of the outer screen frame of the vibrating screen had characteristics of reciprocating aperiodic and irregular changes. Through the phase trajectories of the eccentric block and inner screen box of the exciter in all directions, it was observed that the motion output of the vibrating screen was a chaotic vibration. Therefore, the present paper can provide an important reference for the design and application of chaotic vibrating screens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-performance shape-stable phase change materials composites (ss-PCMCs) with enhanced thermal conductivity and high phase change enthalpy is of great importance for thermal energy storage. Herein, we report the creation of novel ss-PCMCs by incorporation of organic PCMs (1-hexadecanamine (HDA) and palmitic acid (PA)) into the biomass carbon aerogels (BCAs refer to sunflower receptacle spongy carbon aerogel (r-CA) and sunflower stem carbon aerogel (s-CA)) through a simple vacuum infusion. Due to their abundant porosity, light weight and high specific surface area, organic PCMs can be spontaneously loaded into BCAs with an ultrahigh loading rate of up to 1988 wt%. The obtained of PCM/BCAs composites show high phase change enthalpy of ranging from 207.9 kJ kg−1 to 271 kJ kg−1, in addition to their excellent thermal stability and recyclability, e.g., their phase change enthalpy nearly remains unchanged even after 50 times of melting/freezing cycles. The PCM/BCAs composites also show an enhanced thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the light-to-thermal conversion efficiency was found to be promising candidates for light-to-thermal energy storage applications on basis of their 75.6% for HDA/r-CA and 67.8% for HDA/s-CA, respectively, making them abundant resource, cost-efficiency, simple and scalable fabrication process. • HDA was first exploited as a new class of phase change material. • ss-PCMCs were fabricated by doping of PCM into biomass carbon aerogels of sunflower. • The HDA/BCAs shows high light-thermal conversion efficiency (67.8%–75.6%). • The loading rate of HDA in BCAs is up to 1988 wt % and 873%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-performance shape-stable phase change materials composites (ss-PCMCs) with enhanced thermal conductivity and high phase change enthalpy is of great importance for thermal energy storage. Herein, we report the creation of novel ss-PCMCs by incorporation of organic PCMs (1-hexadecanamine (HDA) and palmitic acid (PA)) into the biomass carbon aerogels (BCAs refer to sunflower receptacle spongy carbon aerogel (r-CA) and sunflower stem carbon aerogel (s-CA)) through a simple vacuum infusion. Due to their abundant porosity, light weight and high specific surface area, organic PCMs can be spontaneously loaded into BCAs with an ultrahigh loading rate of up to 1988 wt%. The obtained of PCM/BCAs composites show high phase change enthalpy of ranging from 207.9 kJ kg−1 to 271 kJ kg−1, in addition to their excellent thermal stability and recyclability, e.g., their phase change enthalpy nearly remains unchanged even after 50 times of melting/freezing cycles. The PCM/BCAs composites also show an enhanced thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the light-to-thermal conversion efficiency was found to be promising candidates for light-to-thermal energy storage applications on basis of their 75.6% for HDA/r-CA and 67.8% for HDA/s-CA, respectively, making them abundant resource, cost-efficiency, simple and scalable fabrication process. • HDA was first exploited as a new class of phase change material. • ss-PCMCs were fabricated by doping of PCM into biomass carbon aerogels of sunflower. • The HDA/BCAs shows high light-thermal conversion efficiency (67.8%–75.6%). • The loading rate of HDA in BCAs is up to 1988 wt % and 873%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The buckling of a stiff thin film on a compliant substrate has been widely studied over the past decade due to its wide applications such as stretchable electronics, micro- and nano-metrology, and surface engineering. Instead of a single-layer compliant substrate, a bi-layer compliant substrate is usually encountered in practical applications. In this paper, the buckling of a stiff thin film on a bi-layer compliant substrate of finite thickness is studied theoretically, numerically and experimentally. The theoretical models based on the small-deformation theory and the simple finite-deformation theory accounting for the geometry change by using the energy method are both developed and presented. The good agreement among theoretical predictions, finite element analysis and experimental measurements of the buckling behavior validates the theoretical model. The influences of finite thickness of the bi-layer substrate and substrate modulus ratio on the buckling wavelength and critical buckling strain are systematically investigated. The buckling configurations at various applied strains are also measured to further validate the theoretical model. These results shed light on the influence of finite substrate thickness on buckling of the bi-layer substrate-supported thin films and are helpful to provide design guidelines in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective study explored the risk factors for the occurrence of seizures in the pre- and postoperative period in patients undergoing supratentorial meningiomas surgery to investigate those who are likely to benefit from prophylactic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). We reviewed the medical records of 778 supratentorial meningiomas patients who were operated at our institution between 2011 and 2012. A total of 100 (12.9%) patients experienced preoperative seizures; 41 patients (5.3%) experienced postoperative in-hospital seizures, and 91 (13.5%, n = 673) patients experienced postoperative seizures after discharge. Multivariate analysis revealed that motor cortex involvement (odds ratio [OR] 3.243, P < 0.001) and peritumoral edema ≥ 1 cm (OR 3.936, P < 0.001) were significant risk factors of preoperative seizures. Whereas presenting with headache (OR 0.259, P < 0.001) and age ≥ 55 years at surgery (OR 0.514, P = 0.009) showed decreased incidence of preoperative seizures. The involvement of motor cortex (OR 3.290, P = 0.003), postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) ≤ 70 (OR 5.389, P < 0.001), preoperative seizure (OR 4.003, P < 0.001), and occurrence of any medical/surgical complication (OR 3.925, P = 0.001) were significant risk factors for postoperative in-hospital seizures. Postoperative seizures after discharge were associated with tumor maximal diameter ≥ 3.5 cm (OR 1.903, P = 0.022), preoperative seizures (OR 4.350, P < 0.001), postoperative in-hospital seizures (OR 6.385, P < 0.001), and tumor recurrence/progression (OR 7.642, P < 0.001). The probability of seizure freedom in the 5-year follow-up was roughly 59% among patients with preoperative seizures, and 87% among patients without preoperative seizures. Cox regression analysis showed that tumor recurrence/progression (relative risk 2.987, 95% CI 1.517, 5.879, P = 0.002) was the only predictor of postoperative seizures in patients without a history of preoperative epilepsy. The use of postoperative prophylactic antiepileptic drug (AED) did not reduce the incidence of seizures in our analysis. Understanding the risk factors for seizures might help clinicians to predict their occurrence and develop effective anti-epileptic treatment strategies. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the risk factors for seizures and the efficacy of AED prophylaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the vibration characteristics of the designed hybrid truss-type movable heavy-load pouring robot (pouring robot) and the pose control of the parallel working arm are studied. The dynamic-static method is used to simplify the truss and parallel working arm of the pouring robot into a forced vibration system composed of spring, damping, and mass body, based on this the 9-degree-of-freedom vibration equation of the pouring robot is established, the analysis of the amplitude–frequency characteristics shows that the four input vibrations of the pavement have basically the same influence on the ladle, which will cause the ladle to resonate. Kane's method is used to establish the lower mobility dynamic equation of the parallel working arm, the Jacobian matrix of force-driven and torque-driven coupling are given. Based on the vibration characteristics of the pouring robot and the dynamic model of the parallel working arm, an adaptive sliding mode control method with radial basis function neural network compensator and Newton–Euler iterative estimator are proposed to realize the pose control of the ladle, the Lyapunov theorem proves the stability of the control method, the simulation results show that adaptive sliding mode control has better control performance, faster response speed, higher convergence accuracy, and better robustness than traditional sliding mode control algorithm. The paper provides a reference and research basis for the suppression of ladle vibration when the pouring robot is transferred, which is affected by the road roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraosseous cavernous malformations (ICMs) of the skull are relatively rare, benign, and slow-growing tumors. Knowledge of these lesions is poor. The goals of this study were to describe the clinical manifestations, radiological features, and long-term surgical outcomes of this disease. We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of 16 cranial ICM patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between 2003 and 2016. The incidence of cranial ICM was 1.15% among the entire series of intracranial and intraspinal CMs. Our cohort included 6 male and 10 female patients; their mean age at operation was 38.7 years (range, 1.9 to 63 years). Slowly growing swelling was the commonest clinical manifestation of this disease. Complete lesion resection was achieved in all but one patient, and cranioplasty was performed using titanium mesh in 11 cases. Postoperative complication was found in one patient who developed diplopia, and this symptom resolved spontaneously before discharge. The mean follow-up period after operation was 76.2 months (range, 19 to 119 months). Only the patient with petroclival ICM had some occasional headaches (mRS = 1); others were all in stable neurological status (mRS = 0). No lesion recurrence was found during the follow-up period. Although cranial ICM is rare, it should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in the case of firm, gradually enlarging skull lesions. Surgical resection should be the treatment of choice for the symptomatic patients and their long-term outcomes were excellent after gross total removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer printing, as an important assembly technique, has attracted much attention due to its valuable merits to develop novel forms of electronics such as stretchable inorganic electronics requiring the heterogeneous integration of inorganic materials with soft elastomers. Here, we report on a laser-driven programmable non-contact transfer printing technique via a simple yet robust design of active elastomeric microstructured stamp that features cavities filled with air and embedded under the contacting surface, a micro-patterned surface membrane that encapsulates the air cavities and a metal layer on the inner-cavity surfaces serving as the laser-absorbing layer. The micro-patterned surface membrane can be inflated dynamically to control the interfacial adhesion, which can be switched from strong state to weak state by more than three orders of magnitude by local laser heating of the air in the cavity with a temperature increase below 100°C. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal the fundamental aspects of the design and fabrication of the active elastomeric microstructured stamp and the operation of non-contact transfer printing. Demonstrations in the programmable transfer printing of micro-scale silicon platelets and micro-scale LED chips onto various challenging receivers illustrate the extraordinary capabilities for deterministic assembly that are difficult to address by existing printing schemes, thereby creating engineering opportunities in areas requiring the heterogeneous integration of diverse materials such as curvilinear electronics and MicroLED displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is widely used for efficiency evaluation of decision making unit composed of past or current input–output data in production system. We propose a new efficiency prediction model which for the first time combines information granulation (IG) and support vector machine (SVM) with DEA model, to evaluate the future efficiency of decision making unit in this paper. The model first uses fuzzy information granulation to granulate the input–output data over time series and then describe the characteristics of the data within each time window by the minimum, average and maximum values and establish the IG–SVM model based on the fuzzy information granulation and support vector machine. After training by time series data, the optimal model of regression is built. Based on this model, the minimum, average and maximum values of the next window in the future are predicted, and finally the future efficiency of the decision making unit can be calculated by the DEA model. Case studies show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although nano SiO2 exhibits excellent application potential in the field of oil and gas exploration and development, such as drilling fluid, enhanced oil/gas recovery, etc., it is prone to agglomeration and loses its effectiveness due to the action of cations in saline environments of oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, it is crucial to study the mechanism of the change in energy between nano SiO2 and cations for its industrial application. In this paper, the effect of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) on the surface energy of nano SiO2 particles is investigated from the perspective of molecular motion and electronic change by density functional theory. The results are as follows: Due to the electrostatic interactions, cations can migrate towards the surface of nano SiO2 particles. During the migration process, monovalent cations are almost unaffected by water molecules, and they can be directly adsorbed on the surface by nano SiO2 particles. However, when divalent cations migrate from a distance to the surface of nano SiO2 particles, they can combine with water molecules to create an energy barrier, which can prevent them from moving forward. When divalent cations break through the energy barrier, the electronic kinetic energy between them and nano SiO2 particles changes more strongly, and the electrons carried by them are more likely to break through the edge of the atomic nucleus and undergo charge exchange with nano SiO2 particles. The change in interaction energy is more intense, which can further disrupt the configuration stability of nano SiO2. The interaction energy between cations and nano SiO2 particles mainly comes from electrostatic energy, followed by Van der Waals energy. From the degree of influence of four cations on nano SiO2 particles, the order from small to large is as follows: K+ < Na+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+. The research results can provide a theoretical understanding of the interaction between nano SiO2 particles and cations during the application of nano SiO2 in the field of oil and gas exploration and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spongy carbon soot (s‐CS) was prepared and used as novel host material of the form‐stable composite phase change materials (PCMs). The s‐CS was constructed by the interconnected and compact large agglomerates of the soot particles with an average size of 25–60 nm. The average pore diameter of the s‐CS was measured to be 15.3 nm. Owing to capillary forces of s‐CS, n‐carboxylic acids can be easily absorbed into the pores and stay stable without leakage. The PCMs/s‐CS composite present a high heat storage capacity between 83.42 J g−1 and 99.63 J g−1, corresponding to the mass fraction of n‐carboxylic acids between 50.10% and 53.20%. The effects of the supporting material on thermal stability and thermal conductivity of composites were investigated by means of thermogravimetry and flash thermal conductivity testing. The PCM/spongy CS composites exhibit excellent thermal stability and durability, and may have great potential for renewable energy saving applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A red emissive fluorescent probe 1,7-dimethyl-3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl-vinyl)-8-(10-n-butyl-10H-phenothiazine-3-yl)BODIPY 1,7-dimethyl-3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl-vinyl)-8-(10- n -butyl-10 H -phenothiazine-3-yl)BODIPY (avyl-BODIPY-PTZ) with a special orthogonal donor-acceptor structure was designed and synthesized for rapid, sensitive, and selective discrimination of ClO−, over other reactive oxygen species and anions. The probe displays a linear ratiometric absorption (A 578 /A 640) and fluorescence (F 599 /F 660) response toward ClO− with a fast response velocity (~10 s). The limit of detection (LOD) for ClO− was obtained as 22.6 nM from the fluorescence titration experiment. The fluorescence enhancement of the probe can be observed from the 32-fold enhancement in ratiometric value (F 599 /F 660) and the increasement of quantum yield from 0.01 at 660 nm to 0.28 at 599 nm. The oxidation of S atom in phenothiazine by ClO− to form the sulfoxide-type structure was proposed as the recognizing mechanism according to the Mass spectral analysis. The ratiometric enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized by the theoretical calculations. The orthogonal donor-acceptor structure according to optimized calculation and solvent effects of avyl-BODIPY-PTZ illustrated that the ClO− oxidation induced conversion from the nonradiative TICT process to the radiative LE process and caused the fluorescence ratiometric enhancement. The probe with low cytotoxity can successfully permeate into living cells and the cell images can be achieved in single channel. Moreover, after addition of ClO−, another bright red emission channel of the probe switched on and the probe displayed two-channel emission in living cells. Graphical abstract fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare chronic cerebrovascular disease mainly found in individuals of East Asian ethnicity, and its pathogenesis is largely unknown. Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are novel biological entities involved in many biological processes; however, whether tRFs contribute towards MMD pathogenesis remains unexplored. In the present study, deep sequencing technology was used to identify alterations in tRF expression profiles between patients with MMD and healthy controls. The sequencing findings were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Subsequently, the putative target genes of tRFs were predicted using miRNA target prediction algorithms. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to further evaluate potential functions of tRFs. The sequencing results demonstrated that 38 tRFs were differentially expressed between patients and controls, of which 22 were upregulated and 16 were downregulated. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the validity of the sequencing results. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that 15 pathways were associated with the selected tRFs. These pathways were mainly involved in angiogenesis and metabolism, both of which are physiopathological fundamentals of MMD. The results provided a novel insight into the mechanisms underlying MMD pathogenesis, and demonstrated that tRFs may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the future treatment of MMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide based molecularly imprinted polymers modified with β‐cyclodextrin were prepared as solid‐phase extraction column sorbents for specific recognition and sensitive detection of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate in water samples. The morphology and composition of synthesized sorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The conditions affecting the performance of extraction procedures such as desorption solvent types and volume, sample pH and volume were investigated. The loading capacity (8.2 μg/mg) of the prepared sorbents increased eight times after modification with β‐cyclodextrin. The developed extraction procedures coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography exhibited good linearity (0.2–500 μg/L), low limit of detection (0.052 μg/L), and good precision (relative standard deviation˂5.7%) under optimized conditions. The developed solid‐phase extraction technique with prepared sorbents has been successfully applied in extracting trace di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate from real natural waters with high efficiency, good selectivity, and desirable recoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Phenylenevinylene terpyridine (mepvpt) shows chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) with Cd(II) and chelation quenched fluorescence (CHQF) with Zn(II), respectively. To understand the behaviors, we studied their intrinsic optical properties using DFT/TDDFT methods. The results show that fluorescence quantum yields (FQY) of mepvpt, mepvpt-Cd and mepvpt-Zn are low due to high ISC rates from higher excited states rather than the S 1 excited state. When mepvpt chelates Cd(II), the molecular structure becomes more planar and S 3,4 → S 0 radiation rates become higher than that of mepvpt, which results in CHEF. When mepvpt chelates Zn(II), a new S 4 → S 0 emission with low oscillator strength occurs and high S 4 → T n ISC rates appear, which leads to CHQF. This proposed mechanism of metal fluorescence enhancing/quenching suggests a design strategy for single-molecular multi-analyte sensors. Graphical Abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Phenylenevinylene-terpyridine shows CHEF with Cd(II) and CHQF with Zn(II). • Cd(II) enhanced fluorescence is due to metal induced structure planarization. • Zn(II) quenched fluorescence is due to a new metal induced charge transfer excited state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the surgical results and long-term outcomes of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for moyamoya disease in pediatric patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of 67 pediatric patients with moyamoya disease who underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The case series included 36 boys and 31 girls. All the patients underwent surgical revascularization, and a total of 93 encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedures were performed (41 unilateral, 26 bilateral). The mean follow-up period after surgery was 30 months. During follow-up, ischemic stroke events were detected in 5 patients and the stroke rate for pediatric patients who underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedure was 7.1% per patient-years. At the last follow-up, favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2) were observed in 65 cases (97.0%). Our study suggests that long-term surgical outcome of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in pediatric moyamoya disease patients is satisfactory, and this technique has a positive impact on the prevention of stroke recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wide bandwidth and short-length polarization beam splitter (PBS) is proposed based on the tellurite glass dual hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (DHC-ARF). Four circular cladding tubes are introduced in the x-axis direction to form two hollow cores. The modal coupling is realized through the gap between the two hollow cores. The nested tubes are inserted into the cladding tubes between the two hollow cores for realizing ultrawide bandwidth. The bandwidth covers the communication wavelength of 1.31 µm and 1.55 µm. The advantage of the proposed PBS is that the beam splitter length is 2.122 cm, The operation bandwidth is 400 nm (1.26–1.66 µm), where the power extinction ratio is below − 20 dB. The high-order mode extinction ratio is above 100, which can be and the power extinction ratio is - 292.83 dB at 1.55 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most homogeneously FLP-catalyzed hydrogenation reactions that follow cleavage of H 2 occur via protonation of substrates followed by hydride transfer. This order of activated H-transfer unavoidably limits the application scope of currently FLP-catalyzed hydrogenation to nucleophilic substrates. Herein, we report an unusual inverse H-transfer order in which photoinduced solid In 2 O 3 -FLPs catalyze the hydrogenated dehalogenation of aryl halides with H 2. After the generation of active FLPs of In-OH+ and In-[O v ]H- via H 2 splitting on In 2 O 3 surface upon irradiation, a series of aryl halides were readily activated and initiated at the In-[O v ]H- sites and then dehalogenated with high yields. By combining this work with detailed studies on H/D kinetic isotope effects and activation energies of hydrogenated dehalogenation, we demonstrate that initial hydride transfer mediated by photoinduced solid FLPs is more effective than common proton transfer to initiate hydrogenation of these substrates. [Display omitted] • Active FLPs formed via H 2 splitting in In 2 O 3 is first demonstrated experimentally. • In 2 O 3 shows an unusual initial hydride transfer in dehalogenation of aryl halides. • Initial hydride transfer is more effective than common initial proton transfer. • Unusual H-transfer allows In 2 O 3 to catalyze pollutants that are not nucleophilic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical pre-development has become increasingly crucial for enterprises in making core technological breakthroughs. Using a cross-level analysis framework of ego and whole networks, this study comprehensively considers the network content and structure. Specifically, it introduces the dynamic characteristics of organisational network research over time to study the impact of current knowledge breadth, structural holes, degree centrality, assortativity, and transitivity on the creativity of key inventors in the pre-development stage. The study uses the 4G and 5G patent data of 10 representative telecommunication enterprises as the sample data. The results demonstrate that there is an inverted U-shaped association between the current knowledge breadth and the creativity of key inventors. At the ego-network level, although there is also an inverted U-shaped relationship between the current degree centrality and the creativity of key inventors in theory, within the value range of the sample data, this relationship indicates a monotonically increasing trend. At the whole-network level, assortativity and transitivity have U-shaped and inverted U-shaped significant effects on the creativity of key inventors, respectively. Our study offers a new perspective for the management of the creativity of key inventors in the pre-development stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavernous malformations (CMs) located at the foramen of Monro (FM) are relatively rare benign vascular malformations. Knowledge of FM CM is poor. The aims of this study were to describe the incidence, clinical presentation, radiological features, surgical approaches, and neurological outcomes for FM CM patients and to discuss the treatment strategy for this disease. We present a series of nine FM CM patients (four males, five females; mean age 29.3 years) who were treated at a single neurosurgical center. FM CM accounted for 0.56% of the entire series of the central nervous system (CNS) CMs. Headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting was the most common initial symptom (55.6%). The mean preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score was 84.4 (range 70-100). In all but one patient, the lesions were surgically resected. Postoperatively, two patients developed obstructive hydrocephalus, and one experienced motor aphasia and right hemiparesis. At the time of discharge, the KPS score improved to a mean of 88.9. Follow-up period after diagnosis was 18 to 131 months (mean 69.7 months); all the patients were considered to be in excellent clinical condition. FM CMs are rare and challenging lesions; they have a female predilection. The most common clinical manifestations of FM CM are the symptoms of mass effect. The seizure risk of FM CMs seems to be significantly lower than that of general intraventricular CMs. Early surgical intervention should be offered to symptomatic cases, and gross total resection is associated with favorable neurological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goals of this study were to analyze the incidence, clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings, surgical treatments, and neurological outcomes of trigonal cavernous malformations (TCMs). Among 1395 cases of intracranial and intraspinal cavernous malformations (CMs) surgically treated between 2003 and 2016 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, a series of 12 patients with TCM was chosen for analysis and their records were reviewed. We also performed an exhaustive literature search using PubMed to identify all previously reported cases in the literatures. TCMs accounted for 0.86% of the entire series of the central nervous system (CNS) CMs. The case series consisted of five male and seven female patients (ratio 1:1.4), with an average age at presentation of 32.9 years (7-53 years). In all the cases, headache was the most common initial symptom (66.7%). Complete resection without surgical mortality was achieved in all the cases. Postoperative complications included fever, lower limb weakness, sensory aphasia, and calculational capacity declination. Follow-up period after diagnosis was 15 to 74 months (mean 48.3 months); no patient was lost to follow-up. All the patients were considered to be in excellent clinical condition. TCMs are rare lesions; they can reach large size, and their symptoms and signs commonly resulted from mass effect. Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice for TCMs; patients can obtain favorable neurological outcomes after complete resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations, surgical treatment, and neurologic outcomes of frontal lobe cavernous malformations in children. A retrospective analysis of 23 pediatric frontal lobe cavernous malformation patients who underwent surgical treatment in Beijing Tiantan Hospital was performed. The case series included 16 boys and 7 girls. Gross total removal without surgical mortality was achieved in all patients. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 33.1 months. Two patients who left hospital with motor deficits gradually recovered after rehabilitative treatment, and other patients were considered to be in excellent clinical condition. For symptomatic frontal lobe cavernous malformations, neurosurgical management should be the treatment of choice. Conservative treatment may be warranted in asymptomatic frontal lobe cavernous malformations, especially the deep-seated or eloquently located cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the requirement of continuous pouring in many varieties and small batches in casting production, a mobile heavy load pouring robot is developed based on a new 4-UPU parallel mechanism due to its strong carrying capacity. Firstly, the instantaneous motion characteristics of the novel 4-UPU parallel mechanism with four degrees of freedom (DOF) are analyzed using screw theory. By using the geometric method, both the forward and inverse kinematic solutions of the proposed robot system are given out. Secondly, based on a common pouring ladle, the volume change of pouring liquid in pouring process and the relationship between tilting angular velocity and flow rate are analyzed, and the results show that the shape of the ladle and the design of the pouring mouth have great influence on the tilting model. It is an important basis for the division of the sectional model. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the developed tilting model. The mapping relation between the tilting model and the parallel mechanism shows that the pouring flow can be adjusted by controlling the movement of parallel manipulator. The research of this paper provides an important theoretical basis for the position control of mobile heavy load pouring robot and the research of pouring speed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe BODIPY-ONs for sensitive and selective detection of glutathione (GSH) was reported. The probe carried with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl group (DNBS) as quenching group was non-fluorescent. Upon addition of glutathione, an obvious NIR fluorescence recovery centered at 656 nm was observed and the quantum yield increased to 0.48, while other thiol-lacking amino acids did not generate any change. Compared with Cys and Hcy, BODIPY-ONs showed the highest response toward GSH. The limit of detection (LOD) for GSH was calculated as 131 nM from the titration experiments. The cleavage of the suphonate induced by GSH was proposed, which was supported by Mass spectral analysis and HPLC analysis. Further theoretical calculation indicated that an intermolecular hydrogen bond assited thiolysis process was the reason that BODIPY-ONs can discriminate GSH from Cys and Hcy. Moreover, probe BODIPY-ONs could also be used for endogenous and exogenous GSH detection in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional phosphorene (2D-BP) nanosheets were successfully prepared by an environmental friendly water exfoliation process. The morphology and structure of exfoliated 2D-BP nanosheets were characterized by SEM, AFM, Raman and UV–Vis. The photocatalytic results demonstrated that 2D-BP nanasheets can generate reactive oxygen species of 1 O 2 and O 2 − and effectively enhance the photodegradation of dibutyl phthalate pollutants when coexist with water, oxygen, and light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel red BODIPY-Triphenylamine with conjugated pyridines and one quaternary pyridium salt were synthesized. The long wavelength peaks of P O PA-BODIPY and P P PA-BODIPY which were located at 643 nm, 631 nm were predominant and the quantum yield of them was 0.16, 0.05, respectively, so both of them showed red fluorescence in THF. P P SPA-BODIPY had a red emission peak at 624 nm and the quantum yield was 0.10. All the three compounds exhibited good aggregation-induced emission property. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of these dyes was strengthened continuously with increasing concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) which showed that these dyes could be used as BSA probes. Meanwhile, the detection limit of P O PA-BODIPY, P P PA-BODIPY and P P SPA-BODIPY for BSA was calculated to be 1.44 × 10 −7 M, 1.52 × 10 −7 M, 5.37 × 10 −8 M,respectively. P O PA-BODIPY was applied to cell imaging and showed a good uptake by SK-BR-3 cells which suggested its promising application for biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultra-bandwidth and single-mode polarization beam splitter (PBS) of dual hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (DHC-ARF) with circular outer tubes and inner tubes is proposed. Four outer tubes are introduced in the horizontal direction to obtain two hollow cores. The modal coupling is realized through the gap between the two hollow cores. The inner tubes also are inserted into two the outer tubes between the two hollow cores for realizing ultrawide bandwidth in DHC-ARF. To achieve single-mode performance, the high-order modes are coupled with the cladding modes by optimizing the diameter of outer tubes and the inner tubes. The calculation results show that an 11.0 cm long DHC-ARF can be used to develop a PBS with an operating bandwidth of 410 nm, where the polarization extinction ratio is lower than −20 dB. The high-order mode extinction ratio is 625.41, and the loss of fundamental mode is below 1.018 dB/m. • Because the size of elliptical tubes is hard to fabricate, an ultra-bandwidth and single-mode PBS of DHC-ARF completely composed of circular cladding tubes and nested tubes is proposed in the structures. • The influence factors related to bandwidth, the high-order mode extinction ratio and coupling length of PBS based on DHC-ARF are systematically studied by a full-vector finite element method. • The propagation process of light in the optical fiber is also simulated by the light speed propagation method. When the light travels to a certain distance, the two polarized lights will be separated. • Numerical simulation shows an 11.0 cm long DHC-ARF can be used to develop a PBS with an operating bandwidth of 410 nm ranging from 1.35 to 1. 76 μ m , where the polarization extinction ratio reaches −39.0 dB, the high-order mode extinction ratio is 625.41. • The PBS based on DHC-ARF with circular cladding tubes and nested tubes proposed in this paper compares the performance with other existing PBS, this PBS has the widest bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RGB‐D salient object detection (SOD) is to detect salient objects from one RGB image and its depth data. Although related networks have achieved appreciable performance, they are not ideal for mobile devices since they are cumbersome and time‐consuming. The existing lightweight networks for RGB‐D SOD use depth information as additional input, and integrate depth information with colour image, which achieve impressive performance. However, the quality of depth information is uneven and the acquisition cost is high. To solve this issue, depth‐aware strategy is first combined to propose a lightweight SOD model, Depth‐Aware Lightweight network (DAL), using only RGB maps as input, which is applied to mobile devices. The DAL's framework is composed of multi‐level feature extraction branch, specially designed channel fusion module (CF) to perceive the depth information, and multi‐modal fusion module (MMF) to fuse the information of multi‐modal feature maps. The proposed DAL is evaluated on five datasets and it is compared with 14 models. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DAL outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art lightweight networks. The proposed DAL has only 5.6 M parameters and inference speed of 39 ms. Compared with the best‐performing lightweight method, the proposed DAL has fewer parameters, faster inference speed, and higher accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the influence of various factors of the electrostatic induction system on the object information of double-electrode electrostatic detection. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, we first establish a system model and a mathematical model for single-electrode electrostatic detection. We analyze the effect of various factors on the target information of single-electrode electrostatic detection. On this basis, a novel double-electrode electrostatic detection model is introduced, and detection rational is explained in detail. A comparative study using theory and computer simulation is conducted. The results show that the novel double-electrode electrostatic detection system performs significantly better than its single-electrode counterpart. We also observe that the vertical detection distance has a greater impact on the detection performance compared to the interval between the two electrodes. Moreover, we find that the vertical detection distance and the interval between the two electrodes have a much more substantial influence on the electrostatic detection performance than other intrinsic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike magnetic disks, NAND flashes can be written a limited number of times. As flash memory densities increase and cell sizes shrink, further decreases in write endurance is expected. Although some mitigation is achieved by wear leveling, write endurance remains a concern for write intensive applications. In this research, we use a DRAM cache to filter write traffic to flash by coalescing and merging overwrites. To handle integrity of data upon power failure, we use a supercapacitor to provide short duration backup power during which DRAM data can be retired to flash memory. The effectiveness of such a mechanism is not obvious considering that a large file-system cache already exists which also merges overwrites. We investigated: (i) a DRAM and a flash disk cache combo within a magnetic disk controller and (ii) a DRAM only cache when flash is a full secondary storage. Our simulations show that using a medium sized DRAM cache, flash lifetime doubles with lazy updates compared to early update policy. Moreover, miss ratio and average response times decrease as well. With little effort, our technique can be extended to improve the usable life of other emerging non-volatile memories, such as PCM and MRAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To further study and reveal material movement rule and penetrating screening mechanism on multidimensional vibrating screen as well as to design a hybrid vibrating screen of three degrees of freedom (3-DOF), the paper, based on topological structure theory in mechanism, has constructed a complete decoupling 3-DOF hybrid organization of 2PRRR-P(2R) as the main body of vibration mechanism in the 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen and has designed an experiment prototype of the 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen. The simulation test of screen movement on the screen surface was carried out and analyzed. Cotton seed particles of ellipsoid were taken as the typical materials. Movement rule of material particle group on the screen surface of the 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen was analyzed. D-H transformation matrix was used to deduce motion trace equation on the screen surface. The kinematics simulation was carried out with ADAMS software, and the feasibility of the mechanism design has been verified. Based on the discrete element method, the paper used optimal selection of difficult ellipsoid cotton seed particles of ellipsoid that is difficult in screening in agricultural materials as the screening objects, and carried out simulation analysis on screening process of cotton seed particle group on the screen surface of the 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen. In the simulation test, optimal screen size is 280 mm × 160 mm and contact model between cotton seeds and screen surface belongs to the Hertz model. Set in the rectangle form of 140 mm × 80 mm, particle factory produced 10 000 cotton seed particles and particle generation rate was 5, 000 per second. The simulation time was 8 s. In the experiment, reciprocating motions in Z, XZ and XYZ directions were respectively added on the screen surface. Based on truncation technique, the average values of three-coordinate in borderless particles collision were respectively extracted and the particle group displacement time curve on the screen surface was drawn. Simulation test results showed that when the screen surface vibrated in XYZ direction, three-direction displacement curve of cotton seeds displayed periodicity and the X and Y directions showed the larger throwing displacement. After 3.6 s, particles penetrating screening completed. When the screen surface vibrated in Z direction only, there was a small amount of displacement fluctuation in cotton seed particles in the X and Y directions. After 6.4 s of particles' penetrating screening, the average penetrating screening time increased by 77% compared with vibrating particles group on the screen surface in XYZ direction. When the screen surface vibrated in XZ direction, cotton seeds particles in X direction had the relatively great throwing displacement. After 5.1 s, particles' penetrating screening completed. The average penetrating screening time was shortened to 38% compared with particles group on screen surface in Z direction only. Average penetrating screening time increased by 43% compared with particles group vibration in XYZ direction on the screen surface. Simulation test results showed that the increase of freedom movement on the screen surface in X and Y directions could increase the particles group's throwing displacement in X and Y directions correspondingly, which was conducive to dispersing particles group on the screen surface, reducing average particles' penetrating screening time and improving the screening efficiency. The dispersion and efficiency of cottonseed particles on three translations of 3-DOF vibration screen surface was verified by testing in the multi-dimensional vibration screening test stand, and the test results were in agreement with the simulation. Research showed that 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen could realize three-dimensional independent vibration along the X, Y and Z directions. The vibration parameters such as degrees of freedom of vibration, amplitude, frequency could be adjusted conveniently; 3-DOF vibration on the screen surface was conducive to dispersing particles materials on the screen surface and could significantly improve the screening efficiency. The paper provides the reference for further study on the multidimensional vibration principle and for prototype development of 3-DOF hybrid vibrating screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive actuation, automatic regulation, biomimetic drosera capensis, impressive predatory behavior, multifunctional self-sensing A Biomimetic Drosera Capensis with Adaptive Decision-Predation Behavior Based on Multifunctional Sensing and Fast Actuating Capability (Adv. Funct. Keywords: adaptive actuation; automatic regulation; biomimetic drosera capensis; impressive predatory behavior; multifunctional self-sensing EN adaptive actuation automatic regulation biomimetic drosera capensis impressive predatory behavior multifunctional self-sensing 1 1 1 03/25/22 20220323 NES 220323 B Adaptive Actuation b In article number 2110296, Huaping Wu, Jizhou Song, Aiping Liu, and co-workers develop a biomimetic Drosera capensis that is capable of multifunctional self-sensing, automatic regulation, and adaptive actuation to diverse stimuli in a closed-loop fashion. [Extracted from the article]

In hyperspectral imaging (HSI), stripe noise is one of the most common noise types that adversely affects its application. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have contributed to state-of-the-art performance in HSI destriping given their powerful feature extraction and learning capabilities. However, it is difficult to obtain paired training samples for real data. Most CNN destriping methods construct a paired training dataset with simulated stripe noise for network training. However, when the stripe noise of real data is complex, destriping performance of the model is constrained. To solve this problem, this study proposes a real HSI stripe removal method using a toward real HSI stripe removal via direction constraint hierarchical feature cascade network (TRS-DCHC). TRS-DCHC uses the stripe noise extract subnetwork to extract stripe patterns from real stripe-containing HSI data and incorporates clean images to form paired training samples. The destriping subnetwork advantageously utilizes a wavelet transform to explicitly decompose stripe and stripe-free components. It also adopts multi-scale feature dense connections and feature fusion to enrich feature information and deeply mine the discriminate features of stripe and stripe-free components. Our experiments on both simulated and real data of various loads showed that TRS-DCHC features better performance in both simulated and real data compared with state-of-the-art method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work aimed to study the effect of thermoplastic polyaryletherketone (PAEK) on the curing kinetics, thermal stability and erosive wear performances of bismaleimide (BMI) resin blends. Toughened bismaleimide blends were fabricated using the allyl compound modified bismaleimide resin prepolymer as matrix and PAEK as a toughening agent by blending method. The modified PAEK/BMI blends were characterized and analyzed using the fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the swirling water jet erosive wear apparatus, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and three-dimensional surface profilometer. No obvious glass transition was observed for PAEK modified BMI blends in the temperature range of 50–350°C. In addition, the char yields (Y c) and the heat-resistance index (T HRI) of the PAEK/BMI blends were affected by PAEK addition. The kinetic parameters, such as the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the PAEK/BMI blends were also higher than that of unmodified BMI blends, indicating that the incorporation of PAEK could promote the curing reaction of the epoxy resin without changing the curing mechanism. The erosive wear rate increased with the addition of PAEK especially when the mass fraction of PAEK was 10 parts per hundred of resins (phr.). These results suggested that the thermal stability of the PAEK/BMI blends was significantly enhanced while the erosive wear resistance decreased by introducing the PAEK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has achieved great success in computer vision like Image Inpainting, Image Super-Resolution. Many researchers apply it to improve the effectiveness of recommendation system. However, GANs-based methods obtain users' preferences using a single Neural Network framework in generative model, which may not be fully mined. Furthermore, most GANs-based algorithms adopt cross-entropy loss to get pair-wise bias, but these methods don't reveal global data distribution loss when data are sparse. Those problems will influence the performance of the algorithm and result in poor accuracy. To address these problems, we introduce Wide & Deep Generative Adversarial Networks for Recommendation System (a.k.a W & DGAN) in this paper. On the one hand, we employ Wide & Deep Learning as a generative model capable of extracting both explicit and implicit information of user preferences. Furthermore, we combine Cross-Entropy loss in G with Wasserstein loss in D to get data distribution, then, the joint loss will be to receive the training information feedback from data distribution. Empirical results on three public benchmarks show that W&DGAN significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]