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For Fano varieties of various singularities such as canonical and terminal, we construct examples with large Fano index growing doubly exponentially with dimension. By low-dimensional evidence, we conjecture that our examples have the largest Fano index for all dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourmaline tends to occur in porphyry Cu–Au deposits as an alteration or gangue mineral. However, abundant primary tourmalines in miarolitic cavities or interstitially distributed with other silicate minerals have been found in the Shiwu porphyry Cu–Au deposit in West Junggar, NW China. These tourmalines are normally accompanied by pyrite and have a high affinity for Cu and Au mineralization. A combined study of the petrology, geochronology, isotope, and mineral geochemistry data of the tourmaline-rich igneous rocks and the wallrock of tourmaline-poor pyroxene diorite has been completed. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) U–Pb dating of zircons from tourmaline-poor pyroxene diorite, tourmaline-rich diorite, and tourmaline-rich andesite shows the ages of the zircons to be 317.0 ± 1.0 Ma (MSWD = 0.37, n = 18), 315.8 ± 1.0 Ma (MSWD = 0.84, n = 22), and 306.4 ± 1.6 Ma (MSWD = 1.15, n = 15), respectively. The relatively low values of Hf isotopes (εHf(t) = +6.0 to +13.6) suggest that the tourmaline-poor pyroxene diorite is sourced from a mixed melt of juvenile mantle materials with old crustal components. The tourmaline-rich diorite and the tourmaline-rich andesite that contain higher εHf(t) values (ranging from +13.3 to +17.9) are mainly derived from juvenile mantle materials. In addition, the εHf(t) values in the tourmaline-poor pyroxene diorite and the tourmaline-rich diorite (+13.3 to +16.1) and andesite (+16.3 to +17.9) are gradually rising with their age evolution, which indicates that more and more mantle-derived components are joining in their formation process. This process has also been recorded in primary tourmaline growth, e.g., the EPMA profile reveals an increase in the contents of Fe and other metals and a decrease in Al contents from the inside (core) to the outside (growth zoning). Therefore, the injection of mantle-derived magma that could supply the large amount of copper and gold was critical for the formation of the Shiwu porphyry Cu–Au deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was shown by Kuznetsov that complete intersections of n generic quadrics in P 2 n − 1 are related by Homological Projective Duality to certain non-commutative (Clifford) varieties which are in some sense birational to double covers of P n − 1 ramified over symmetric determinantal hypersurfaces. Mirror symmetry predicts that the Hodge numbers of the complete intersections of quadrics must coincide with the appropriately defined Hodge numbers of these double covers. We observe that these numbers must be different from the well-known Batyrev's stringy Hodge numbers, else the equality fails already at the level of Euler characteristics. We define a natural modification of stringy Hodge numbers for the particular class of Clifford varieties, and prove the corresponding equality of Euler characteristics in arbitrary dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let n⩾2$n\geqslant 2$ be any integer. We study the optimal lower bound of the canonical volume and the optimal upper bound of the canonical stability index for minimal projective n$n$‐folds of general type, which are canonically fibered by i$i$‐folds (i=0,1$i=0,1$). The results for i=0$i = 0$ are known to experts. In this article, we compute sharp bounds for i=1$i = 1$ and give some characterization of optimal examples. The machinery introduced is applicable to all canonical dimensions n−i$n-i$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the relaxation of residual stress and strain hardening effect along with the evolution of microstructure of Ni-Al bronze at elevated temperatures were investigated. The samples were peened and then isothermal annealed at temperatures ranging from 200 to 400 °C for different time. The residual stress in the surface layer were determined by X-ray stress analyzer. Variations of domain size and micro-strain were estimated by X-ray line profile analysis in which the modified Williamson-Hall method with uniform deformation energy density model was employed. Experimental results showed that both residual stress and strain hardening effect relaxed dramatically in the initial stages and then gradually reached steady state. Although partially recrystallization occurred at higher temperatures, only part of compressive residual stress relaxed at each fixed temperature. The micro-strain and the dislocation density also declined with the heating temperature and exposure time increasing, which were presumably related to the vacancy transportation and dislocation rearrangement. Meanwhile, as demonstrated by XRD and TEM, the domain size increased significantly. The thermal relaxation activation enthalpies of residual stress and X-ray full width at half maximum were evaluated via Zener-Wert-Avrami relationship. The latter value was larger than that of residual stress, which indicated that the strain hardening effect was more difficult to fade at elevated temperatures. Hardness also reduced continuously during annealing process, which was mainly ascribed to the increased domain size and the weakening strain hardening effect. No phase transition occurred and the crystallinity was improved after annealing treatment. In the present study, the residual stress did not release completely even after annealing at the highest aging temperature for 2 h, which meant that shot peening could enable Ni-Al bronze alloys to keep excellent thermal stability of beneficial compressive residual stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important surface strengthening method, shot peening is widely used to improve the fatigue and stress corrosion crack resistance of components by introducing the refined microstructure and compressive residual stress in the surface layer. However, the mechanical properties of this thin layer are different from the base metal and are difficult to be characterized by conventional techniques. In this work, a micro uniaxial tensile tester equipped with in-situ X-ray stress analyzer was employed to make it achievable on a nickel-aluminum bronze with shot peening treatment. According to the equivalent stress-strain relationship based on Von Mises stress criterion, the Young’s modulus and yield strength of the peened layer were calculated. The results showed that the Young’s modulus was the same as the bulk material, and the yield strength corresponding to the permanent plastic strain of 0.2% was increased by 21% after SP. But the fractographic analysis showed that the fracture feature of the surface layer was likely to transform from the dimple to the cleavage, indicating the improved strength might be attained at the expense of ductility. The monotonic and cyclic loading were also performed via the same combined set-up. In addition, the specific relaxation behavior of compressive residual stress was quantified by linear logarithm relationship between residual stress and cycle numbers. It was found that the compressive residual stress mainly relaxed in the first few cycles, and then reached steady state with further cycles. The relaxation rate and the stable value were chiefly depended on the stress amplitude and number of cycles. The retained residual stress kept in compressive under all given applied stress levels, suggesting that the shot peening could introduce a more stable surface layer of compressive residual stress other than the elevated strength of nickel-aluminum bronze alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of shot peening on the erosion-corrosion property of nickel-aluminium bronze was investigated. The results show that erosion-corrosion has a shot peening-like effect and thus increases the hardness and compressive residual stress. Shot peening alters the erosion-corrosion mechanism. With peening intensity increasing, the predominant reason for causing materials removal shifts progressively from ductile deformation coupled with selective phase corrosion to brittle cleavage-like fracture, highlighting the overriding role of strain-hardening capacity over hardness, compressive residual stress, and surface roughness in erosion-corrosion performance. However, the mass loss rate can be reduced by up to 30% by implementing appropriate peening intensity. • Erosion corrosion presents a shot peening-like effect on the surface of NAB. • Shot peening alters the erosion corrosion mechanism. • Work-hardening capacity becomes the overriding role as peening intensity increases. • Appropriate shot peening can significantly reduce the mass loss rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finitistic dimension conjecture asserts that any finite-dimensional algebra over a field has finite finitistic dimension. Recently, this conjecture is reduced to studying finitistic dimensions for extensions of algebras. In this paper, we investigate those extensions of Artin algebras in which some radical-power of smaller algebras is a nonzero one-sided ideal of bigger algebras. Our result can be formulated for an arbitrary ideal as follows: Let B ⊆ A be an extension of Artin algebras and I an ideal of B such that the full subcategory of B / I -modules is B -syzygy-finite. (1) If the extension is right-bounded (for example, Gpd ( A B ) < ∞ ), I A rad ( B ) ⊆ B and findim ( A ) < ∞ , then findim ( B ) < ∞ . (2) If I rad ( B ) is a left ideal of A and A is torsionless-finite, then findim ( B ) < ∞ . Particularly, if I is specified to a power of the radical of B , then our result not only generalizes some of results in the literature (see Corollary 1.2 ), but also provides new ways to detect algebras of finite finitistic dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of shot peening on the residual stress, microstructure and corrosion properties of nickel aluminum bronze were evaluated by using X-ray stress analyzer, X-ray diffraction profile analysis, transmission electron microscopy and electrochemical tests. Shot peening improved the hardness and compressive residual stress of the surface layer. A thin layer of nanometer-scaled domain formed at the top surface and the domain size raised constantly with depth until it reached nearly the value of matrix. The micro-strain and dislocation density dropped gradually with the increasing distance toward interior. Moreover, the samples treated by shot peening with different intensities all showed superior corrosion resistance than that of unpeened ones. However, further improving the peening density resulted in a poor corrosion performance, which was mostly ascribed to the increased surface roughness due to the raised deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten cemented carbide of WC-10 wt.% Co with shot peening treatment was isothermal annealed at the temperatures ranging from 550 to 850 °C for different time. The relaxation behavior of residual stresses and full width at half maximum (FWHM) 1 1 Full width at half maximum (FWHM). of the X-ray diffraction profiles was investigated using the X-ray stress analyzer. The variations of structure in the top surface layer were also determined via the X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that both the residual stresses and the FWHM reduced sharply in the initial stage, and then they gradually declined to the stable state. The thermal activation enthalpy of WC and Co phases calculated by Zener-Wert-Avrami function indicated that the predominant relaxation mechanism was thermally activated gliding of dislocations. The work hardening effect presented better resistance to thermal relaxation in comparison with the residual stresses. The microhardness also declined with the heating temperature and the annealing time, which was analogous to the changes of residual stresses and FWHM. The residual stresses in WC and Co phases remained at compressive state suggesting that the shot peened WC-Co composite has good thermal stability under the working temperature of up to 850 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residual stress distribution introduced by shot peening (SP) in the deformed surface layer of titanium matrix composite (TiB+TiC)/Ti-6Al-4 V was investigated via three-dimensional (3D) finite element dynamic simulation and experimental validation. The program of ANSYS/LS-DYNA was utilized in the 3D finite element dynamic analysis of SP process, and the 3D homogeneous and inhomogeneous models were set up. The results showed that the compressive residual stresses (CRS) were introduced in the matrix, but the tensile residual stresses appeared in the reinforcements. The maximum CRS and tensile residual stress were -1511 and +1155 MPa respectively, which revealed the higher yield strength of reinforcements. This type of stress distribution revealed the effect of reinforcements, keeping the adverse tensile stresses in the reinforcements and retarding the damage to the matrix during deformation. In terms of experiments, after SP, the residual stresses along the depth from the surface were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The experimental results indicated that the CRS formed in the surface layer and the maximum appeared on the subsurface. The range of residual stresses found in experiments supported the simulated results, which verified the validity of 3D finite element dynamic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shot peening is conducted on pretreated WC-10 wt.% Co composite. X-ray stress analyzer coupled with X-ray diffraction line profiles analysis is employed to determine residual stresses and microstructure of peened samples. Variations of morphology due to different treatments are detected by scanning electron microscope. The results show that the compressive residual stresses in WC and Co phase increase by 48% and 70% respectively after SP. The surface topography and dislocation densities are improved substantially, while the domain size decreases dramatically. Compared with the unaffected region, it is observed that the microstrain becomes severe in the affected region, and the microhardness improves greatly and reaches its maximum in a nanocrystalline layer formed at the top surface of the specimen, representing it is not subjected to the inverse Hall–Petch effect. It is also noted that Hertzian effect induces a higher shear stress in the subsurface, which results in the inflection points revealed on the distribution of residual stresses and microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three Ru complexes coordinated by oxfloxacin, [Ru(L)2(OFX)]Cl·2H2O (L = bpy,1; dmbpy,2; phen,3; and OFX = ofloxacin), were synthesized and characterized. These complexes can inhibit the growth of cervical cancer HeLa cells efficiently. Furthermore, these three complexes exhibited excellent binding affinities with DNA, as confirmed by spectroscopy methods and viscosity experiments. Therefore, the synthesized Ru(II) complexes have excellent DNA-binding abilities with potential applications in cancer chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct smooth projective varieties of general type with the smallest known volume and others with the most known vanishing plurigenera in high dimensions. The optimal volume bound is expected to decay doubly exponentially with dimension, and our examples achieve this decay rate. We also consider the analogous questions for other types of varieties. For example, in every dimension we conjecture the terminal Fano variety of minimal volume, and the canonical Calabi-Yau variety of minimal volume. In each case, our examples exhibit doubly exponential behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the changes in the surface integrity of WC-Co cemented carbide, after traditional and dual shot peening treatments, using physical characterization methods in conjunction with finite element simulations. Cast steel balls were used in traditional shot peening, while dual shot peening involved the additional use of ceramic shots. Tensile residual stress was found to coexist with compressive residual stresses within both the WC and Co phases, resulting in the fluctuation of stress amplitude in the surface layer. Steep stress gradients were mainly located in regions near the phase interface, especially around the WC/Co interface. In comparison with traditional shot peening, dual shot peening not only improved the uniformity of residual stress at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels but also refined the microstructure and returned the hardness dispersion to the original value by facilitating the simultaneous and coordinated evolution of the WC and Co phases during further deformation. However, the surface roughness increased significantly after traditional and dual shot peening treatments due to accumulated elastic-plastic deformation. This is likely to deteriorate the surface integrity and thus should be avoided if possible, without compromising the other beneficial effects caused by shot peening. [Display omitted] • Compressive residual stress and hardness increased after shot peening treatment. • Tensile and compressive residual stress coexist in WC and Co phases. • Uniformity of macro and micro residual stress improved after dual shot peening. • Traditional shot peening increases but dual shot peening reduces hardness dispersity. • All types of shot peening deteriorate surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinetic measurement plays a crucial role in understanding aptamer binding mechanisms and identifying appropriate aptamers for clinical and research applications. Current techniques, while well established, generally require large sample volumes, bulky and expensive instruments operated by trained personnel, and are hence not readily accessible to resource-limited research laboratories. This paper presents a fluorescence microscopy-based microfluidic assay for measuring aptamer-analyte binding kinetics in a simple and cost-effective manner. Kinetic measurements are achieved by monitoring time-course fluorescence of fluorescently labeled aptamers as they bind to the targets trapped in a microfluidic chip. Fluorescence measurements are performed on a standard fluorescence microscope and are accessible to laboratories with only modest resources. Moreover, microfluidic technology allows efficient and cost-effective immobilization of small amounts of target molecules or live cells as well as flow-based manipulation of aptamers for the measurements. Kinetic measurements of aptamer binding to immunoglobulin E protein and CCRF-CEM cells have yielded results consistent with those obtained from established methods, demonstrating the potential utility of our method for exploring aptamer-target interactions and identifying aptamers that best suit specific given biomedical applications. • Fluorescence microscopy-based microfluidic assay for measuring aptamer-analyte binding kinetics. • Kinetics are measured for aptamer D17.4 binding to IgE and for aptamer Sgc8 binding to CCRF-CEM cell. • Offers a cost-effective approach for studying aptamer interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased glucocorticoid (GC) levels act as a master contributor to central obesity in estrogen-depleted females; however, what factors cause their increased GC production is unclear. Given (1) liver fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and GCs regulate each other's production in a feed-forward loop, and (2) circulating FGF21 and GCs are parallelly increased in menopausal women and ovariectomized mice, we thus hypothesized that elevation of hepatic FGF21 secretion causes increased GGs production in estrogen-depleted females. Using the ovariectomized mice as a model for menopausal women, we found that ovariectomy (OVX) increased circulating corticosterone levels, which in turn increased visceral adipose Hsd11b1 expression, thus causing visceral obesity in females. In contrast, liver-specific FGF21 knockout (FGF21 LKO) completely reversed OVX-induced high GCs and high visceral adipose Hsd11b1 expression, thus abrogating OVX-induced obesity in females. Even though FGF21 LKO failed to rescue OVX-induced dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. What's worse, FGF21 LKO even further exacerbated whole-body glucose metabolic dysfunction as evidenced by more impaired glucose and pyruvate tolerance and worsened insulin resistance. Mechanically, we found that FGF21 LKO reduced circulating insulin levels, thus causing the dissociation between decreased central obesity and the improvement of obesity-related metabolic syndromes in OVX mice. Collectively, our results suggest that liver FGF21 plays an essential role in mediating OVX-induced central obesity by promoting GC production. However, lack of liver FGF21 signaling reduces insulin production and in turn causes the dissociation between decreased central obesity and the improvement of obesity-related metabolic syndromes, highlighting a detrimental role for hepatic FGF21 signals in mediating the development of central obesity but a beneficial role in preventing metabolic abnormality from further exacerbation in estrogen-depleted females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the impact of water availability on vegetation growth in the context of climate change is crucial for assessing the resilience of vegetation to environmental shifts. In this study, the relationship between vegetation growth and water availability was studied using a variety of indicators. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) were utilized as vegetation growth indicators, while the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and soil moisture indicators served as water use indices. To investigate the vegetation response to water deficit in the Loess Plateau during the growing season from 2000 to 2020, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated using a 5-year sliding window approach. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vegetation response to water deficit during the growing seasons were also explored. The results showed that: (1) with the improvement of moisture conditions, vegetation growth recovered significantly, and there was no expansion trend for vegetation water deficit. (2) The most sensitive timescale of vegetation to water deficit was 6–8 months; the response degree and sensitivity of vegetation to water surplus and deficit were the highest from June to August; and broadleaved forest was the vegetation type most sensitive to water deficit in the early growing season, while grass was the vegetation type most sensitive to water deficit during the mid and late growing seasons. (3) Soil moisture emerged as the dominant factor influencing vegetation growth in the Loess Plateau, followed by precipitation, albeit to a lesser extent. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanism and characteristics of the response of vegetation to climate fluctuations induced by global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a vital component in hydrometeorological research and is widely applied to various aspects, such as water resource management, hydrological modeling, irrigation deployment, and understanding and predicting the influence of hydrologic cycle variations on future climate and land use changes. Quantifying the influence of various meteorological variables on ET0 is not only helpful for predicting actual evapotranspiration but also has important implications for understanding the impact of global climate change on regional water resources. Based on daily data from 69 meteorological stations, the present study analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of ET0 and major contributing meteorological variables to ET0 from 1960 to 2017 by the segmented regression model, Mann-Kendall test, wavelet analysis, generalized linear model, and detrending method. The results showed that the annual ET0 declined slightly because of the combined effects of the reduction in solar radiation and wind speed and the increase in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and average air temperature in the Loess Plateau (LP) during the past 58 yr. Four change points were detected in 1972, 1990, 1999, and 2010, and the annual ET0 showed a zigzag change trend of 'increasing-decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing'. Wind speed and VPD played a leading role in the ET0 changes from 1960 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2017, respectively. This study confirms that the dominant meteorological factors affecting ET0 had undergone significant changes due to global climate change and vegetation greening in the past 58 years, and VPD had become the major factor controlling the ET0 changes on the LP. The data presented herein will contribute to increasing the accuracy of predictions on future changes in ET0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rietveld refinement was utilized to investigate the evolution of microstructure and texture of the Ni–Ti composite coatings electroplated at different applied current densities. Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy were utilized to investigate the morphology and chemical composition of the coatings. Relative texture coefficients (RTC) and measured pole figures were utilized to investigate the texture evolution of the coatings. The results showed that the surface morphology of the coatings changed from a colonial structure to a polyhedral one. And the incorporated Ti content decreased with increasing applied current density. As the applied current density increased, the crystallite sizes increased and their distribution got less uniform, and the microstrain and dislocation density decreased. The results of simulated pole figures obtained from Rietveld refinement illustrated that the texture of the coatings changed from no obvious texture to a strong [2 0 0] fiber texture with increasing applied current density. The texture evolution obtained from simulated pole figures was confirmed by the result of RTC and the measured pole figures. The evolutions of the microstructure and texture were derived from the change of the applied current density and incorporated Ti content in the Ni–Ti composite coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel carbazole sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity. Among them, compounds 7 and 15 showed strong potency (IC 50 values of 0.81–31.19 nM) against five different cancer cells including multidrug-resistant MCF7/ADR cells. Compound 15 displayed a high cancer cell selectivity (IC 50 (L02)/average IC 50 : SI = 7.7). The l -valine prodrug 7a and the phosphate prodrug 15a exerted rohust in vivo antitumor efficacies and accepted safety prolifes. Further mechanism studies revealed that 7 and 15 directly bind to the colchicine site in tubulin to block tubulin polymerization, promote microtubule fragmentation at the cellular level, and induce apoptosis with G2/M cell cycle arrest. These compounds also inhibit HEMC-1 cells migration and vascular tube formation. Additionally, compound 7 displayed a selective inhibition of Topo I. Collectively, these studies suggest that 7 and 15 represents a promising new generation of tubulin inhibitors for cancer treatment. [Display omitted] • Compound 7 is a novel dual-mechanism antitumor agent with targeting tubulin and Topo I. • Compounds 7 and 15 showed an average IC 50 value of 17.99 and 6.94 nM against five cancer cells, respectively. • Compound 15 showed a high selective between cancer cells and L02 cells with SI of 7.7. • Compounds 7 and 15 possessed antitumor effect in MCF-7 xenograft model with IR 0f 66 % and 73 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, multiple shot peening treatment was implemented to the SAF 2507 duplex stainless steel. The residual stress, microstructure and strain-induced transformation in the shot-peened specimens were evaluated by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. Results pointed out that multiple shot peening was helpful to develop deep layer of high compressive residual stress with moderate work hardening. After triple shot peening treatment, a maximum compressive residual stress of −1070.5 MPa (at the surface for austenite) and −910.5 MPa (at 10 μm depth for ferrite) were obtained. The multiple shot peening is more effective in producing the microstructure refinement than single shot peening. The depth of the refinement layer with domain size smaller than 100 nm reached to 150 μm in the austenite and 100 μm in the ferrite phase of the dually shot-peened specimen, the maximum magnitudes of which after single shot peening were 100 μm and 75 μm, correspondingly. The quantitative measurement of stained-induced martensite in the shot-peened samples by X-ray phase analysis revealed that larger amount of α′-martensite formed after multiple shot peening compared to that of single shot peening, nearly 31.6% α′-martensite was formed at the impacted surface of triply peened specimen. The results also demonstrated that multiple shot peening could significantly decrease the surface roughness and help to improve the surface quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depth profiles of residual stresses and lattice parameters in the surface layers of shot peened duplex stainless steel at elevated temperature were investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction analysis. At each deformation depth, residual stress distributions in both ferrite and austenite were studied by X-ray diffraction stress analysis which is performed on the basis of the sin method and the lattice parameters were explored by Rietveld method. The results reveal that difference changes of depth residual compressive stress profiles between ferrite and austenite under the same annealing condition are resulted from the diverse coefficient of thermal expansion, dislocation density, etc. for different phases in duplex stainless steel. The relaxations of depth residual stresses in austenite are more obvious than those in ferrite. The lattice parameters decrease in the surface layer with the extending of annealing time, however, they increase along the depth after annealing for 16min. The change of the depth lattice parameters can be ascribed to both thermal expansion and the relaxation of residual stress. The different changes of microstructure at elevated temperature between ferrite and austenite are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocrystalline Ni-Cu-Co coatings with face centered cubic (F.C.C.) structure were electrodeposited in sulphate-citrate bath with additives. Composition analysis showed that an anomalous co-deposition behavior of nickel-cobalt was maintained and hardly affected by copper (II) concentration in the copper- and additives-contained bath. Use extrapolation method according to the Nelson-Riley function and X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile analysis to estimate microstructure of the coatings. The results showed that the lattice parameter, microstrain and dislocation density increased and the grain size decreased with the increments of copper and cobalt incorporated into nickel. The coatings displayed a sliver-mirror-like appearance and lots of pores formed on surface. Especially, more large pores appeared on the copper-rich (44–49 wt.%) coatings. The coating comprised of 49 wt.% nickel, 13.5 wt.% copper and 37.5 wt.% cobalt attained a maximum microhardness. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were employed to investigate the corrosion behaviors of the coatings. The coating comprised of 50.3 wt.% nickel, 34.7 wt.% copper and 15 wt.% cobalt possessed higher electrochemical impedance than the copper-rich coatings, exhibiting a better corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 4000 h oxidation kinetic and lifetime prediction of NiCr coating is established. • Kinetic parameters and volatilization rate of CrO 2 (OH) 2 is calculated. • Actual oxidation kinetic considering the volatilization of CrO 2 (OH) 2 is built. The volatilization rate and lifetime prediction of the NiCr coatings produced by high-velocity oxygen-fuel were investigated at 650 °C in air containing 20 % water vapor. Water vapor could significantly accelerate the consumption of Cr which reduced the service time of the coatings. Oxidation kinetic rate of the NiCr coating and volatilization rate of the CrO 2 (OH) 2 were calculated using classical gas transport theory in the viscous-flow regime. According to the practical oxidation kinetic rate, we built a relationship to predict the lifetime of the NiCr coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygenation species (ROS) generated from reperfusion results in cardiac injury through apoptosis and inflammation, while PKR has the ability to promote apoptosis and inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether PKR is involved in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced neonatal cardiac myocytes (NCM) injury. In our study, NCM, when exposed to H2O2, resulted in persistent activation of PKR due to NCM endogenous RNA. Inhibition of PKR by 2-aminopurine (2-AP) or siRNA protected against H2O2 induced apoptosis and injury. To elucidate the mechanism, we revealed that inhibition of PKR alleviated H2O2 induced apoptosis companied by decreased caspase3/7 activity, BAX and caspase-3 expression. We also revealed that inhibition of PKR suppressed H2O2 induced NFκB pathway and NLRP3 activation. Finally, we found ADAR1 mRNA and protein expression were both induced after H2O2 treatment through STAT-2 dependent pathway. By gain and loss of ADAR1 expression, we confirmed ADAR1 modulated PKR activity. Therefore, we concluded inhibition of PKR protected against H2O2-induced injury by attenuating apoptosis and inflammation. A self-preservation mechanism existed in NCM that ADAR1 expression is induced by H2O2 to limit PKR activation simultaneously. These findings identify a novel role for PKR/ADAR1 in myocardial reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]