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Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are porous crystalline materials. The pores in HOFs are usually non‐covalent extrinsic pores constructed through the formation of the framework. Supramolecular macrocycles with intrinsic pores in their structures are good candidates for constructing HOFs with intrinsic pores from the macrocycles themselves, thus leading to hierarchically porous structures. Combining the macrocycle and HOFs will endow these hierarchically porous materials with enhanced properties and special functionalities. This review summarizes recent advances in macrocycle‐based HOFs, including the macrocycles used for constructing HOFs, the hierarchically porous structures of the HOFs, and the applications induced by the hierarchically HOFs porous structures. This review provides insights for future research on macrocycle‐based hierarchically porous HOFs and the appropriate applications of the unique structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nitrogen-rich graphdiyne (HATN-GDY) material containing electrochemical active hexaazatrinaphthylene units was successfully prepared. HATN-GDY exhibits a superior specific capacity of 2139 mA h g−1 and firm long-term stability due to the unique 2D π-conjugated structure and the large in-plane N-cavities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this perspective cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer in China. This study was conducted under the China Urban Cancer Screening Program (CanSPUC). The analysis was based on participants aged 40 to 74 years from 2012 to 2019. A total of 255 569 eligible participants were recruited in the study. Among the 58 136 participants at high risk of lung cancer, 20 346 (35.00%) had a single LDCT scan (defined as the screened group) and 37 790 (65.00%) not (defined as the non‐screened group). Overall, 1162 participants were diagnosed with lung cancer at median follow‐up time of 5.25 years. The screened group had the highest cumulative incidence of lung cancer and the non‐screened group had the highest cumulative lung cancer mortality and all‐cause cumulative mortality. We performed inverse probability weighting (IPW) to account for potential imbalances, and Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the weighted association between mortality and LDCT scans. After IPW adjusted with baseline characteristics, the lung cancer incidence density was significantly increased (37.0% increase) (HR1.37 [95%CI 1.12‐1.69]), lung cancer mortality was decreased (31.0% decrease) (HR0.69 [95%CI 0.49‐0.97]), and the all‐cause mortality was significantly decreased (23.0% lower) (HR0.77 [95% CI 0.68‐0.87]) in the screened group. In summary, a single LDCT for lung cancer screening will reduce the mortality of lung cancer and all‐cause mortality in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in gynecology. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy are two particularly effective treatments. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis and CIBERSORT algorithm that quantifies the composition of immune cells were used to analyze CC expression data based on the GEO database and identify modules related to T cells. Five candidate hub genes were identified by tumor-infiltrating immune cells estimation and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis according to CC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Chemotherapeutic response, methylation, and gene mutation analyses were implemented so that the five candidate hub genes identified may be the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets which were related to T cell infiltration. Moreover, the results of RT-qPCR revealed that CD48 was a tumor suppressor gene, which was negatively correlated with CC stages, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation. Furthermore, the functional study verified that the interference of CD48 was able to boost the proliferation and migration ability in vitro and the growth of transplanted tumors in vivo. Overall, we identified molecular targets related to immune infiltration and prognosis, regarded CD48 as a key molecule involved in the progression of CC, thus providing new insights into the development of molecular therapy and immunotherapeutics against CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]