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Ningxia A Heat Supply Company adopted the large temperature difference long-distance heating technology.During two consecutive heating seasons from 2019 to 2021， significant scaling， pitting corrosion of stainless steel and corrosion of carbon steel were observed in the secondary pipeline network， which severely impacted the heating effect for residents during the winter.The heat supply company conducted research and development on scale and corrosion inhibitors，as well as studies on the critical conditions for pitting corrosion，based on the characteristics of its water quality and operating conditions.Ultimately， an anti-corrosion and anti-scaling strategy centered on the addition of TC-type scale and corrosion inhibitors was determined.Through industrial trials， random inspections of the heat exchanger plates revealed no significant pitting or scaling， and the results of carbon steel corrosion coupon tests indicated that the corrosion rate of the inner pipeline walls was effectively controlled.This ensured the safe and economical operation of the heating system.The corrosion and scale prevention strategy has shown great potential for broader application in the same type of heating systems.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal piglets. Current control measures, such as inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines, have limitations in providing complete protection. In this study, we evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a PEDV S protein subunit vaccine compared to a traditional inactivated vaccine. Piglets and Sows were immunized with either the subunit vaccine or an inactivated vaccine, and serum samples were collected to assess IgG and neutralizing antibody levels. Results demonstrated that the S protein subunit vaccine induced significantly higher IgG and neutralizing antibody levels in both piglets and sows compared to the inactivated vaccine. Piglets born to immunized sows were challenged with a virulent PEDV strain. Piglets from the subunit vaccine group exhibited lower viral shedding, reduced clinical symptoms, and minimal intestinal lesions. These findings suggest that the PEDV S protein subunit vaccine provides enhanced immunity and protection against PEDV, making it a promising candidate for preventing PEDV infections in swine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The hypothesized link between low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and oncogenesis has garnered significant interest, yet its explicit impact on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be elucidated. This investigation aims to demystify the function of LDL‐related genes (LRGs) within LUAD, endeavoring to shed light on the complex interplay between LDL and carcinogenesis. Methods: Leveraging single‐cell transcriptomics, we examined the role of LRGs within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression patterns of LRGs across diverse cellular phenotypes were delineated using an array of computational methodologies, including AUCell, UCell, singscore, ssGSEA, and AddModuleScore. CellChat facilitated the exploration of distinct cellular interactions within LDL_low and LDL_high groups. The findmarker utility, coupled with Pearson correlation analysis, facilitated the identification of pivotal genes correlated with LDL indices. An integrative approach to transcriptomic data analysis was adopted, utilizing a machine learning framework to devise an LDL‐associated signature (LAS). This enabled the delineation of genomic disparities, pathway enrichments, immune cell dynamics, and pharmacological sensitivities between LAS stratifications. Results: Enhanced cellular crosstalk was observed in the LDL_high group, with the CoxBoost+Ridge algorithm achieving the apex c‐index for LAS formulation. Benchmarking against 144 extant LUAD models underscored the superior prognostic acuity of LAS. Elevated LAS indices were synonymous with adverse outcomes, diminished immune surveillance, and an upsurge in pathways conducive to neoplastic proliferation. Notably, a pronounced susceptibility to paclitaxel and gemcitabine was discerned within the high‐LAS cohort, delineating prospective therapeutic corridors. Conclusion: This study elucidates the significance of LRGs within the TME and introduces an LAS for prognostication in LUAD patients. Our findings accentuate putative therapeutic targets and elucidate the clinical ramifications of LAS deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing global context information and local fine-grained information simultaneously is extremely important for single-view 3D reconstruction. In this study, we propose a network that uses spatial dimension attention and channel dimension attention for single-view 3D reconstruction, named R3Davit. Specifically, R3Davit consists of an encoder and a decoder, where the encoder comes from the Davit backbone network. Different from the previous transformer backbone network, Davit focuses on spatial and channel dimensions, fully constructing global context information and local fine-grained information while maintaining linear complexity. To effectively learn features from dual attention and maintain the overall inference speed of the network, we do not use a self-attention layer in the decoder but design a decoder with a nonlinear reinforcement block, a selective state space model block, and an up-sampling Residual Block. The nonlinear enhancement block is used to enhance the nonlinear learning ability of the network. The Selective State Space Model Block replaces the role of the self-attention layer and maintains linear complexity. The up-sampling Residual Block converts voxel features into a voxel model while retaining the voxels of this layer. Features are used in the up-sampling block of the next layer. Experiments on the synthetic dataset ShapeNet and ShapeNetChairRFC with random background show that our method outperforms recent state of the art (SOTA) methods, we lead by 1% and 2% in IOU and F1 scores, respectively. Simultaneously, experiments on the real-world dataset Pix3d fully prove the robustness of our method. The code will be available at https://github.com/epicgzs1112/R3Davit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the kinetics of nanobubbles encapsulated by ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) layered van der Waals crystal membranes on atomically flat substrates is important to the applications of 2D materials and the pursuit of 2D nanobubble technologies. Here, we investigate the controlled motion of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-encapsulated nanobubbles on flat hexagonal boron nitride substrates using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our study reveals a distinct transition from standstill bubble deformations to stable, stepwise bubble translations on flat substrates. The membrane tension-dominated 2D nanobubble behaves like an elastic soft body in its collision interaction with the AFM tip. This delicate motion-control technique enables neighboring 2D nanobubbles to move closer and eventually coalesce into larger nanobubbles. These findings pave the way for high-precision manipulation of nanobubbles and facilitate the exploration of their emerging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an embedded metal-wire nanograting was fabricated and used to construct a multifunctional optical device. The basic function of the nanograting is as a broadband polarizing beam splitter. On the top of the nanograting surface, a homogeneity cladding layer was deposited, and metal wires were deposited in the grating trench. This multifunctional optical device based on the artificial material is designed with a very simple structure, but with the functions of a variable optical attenuator, an optical switch, and a variable optical power splitter. The experimental result as a variable optical power splitter is presented. OCIS codes: 020.1335, 020.2930, 020.5580, 060.1810, 220.4241.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major health concern worldwide. In recent years, there has been growing interest in natural products and functional foods for preventing and treating ALD due to their potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Rosa roxburghii Tratt, known for its rich content of bioactive compounds, has demonstrated promising health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Fermentation has been utilized as a strategy to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of natural products. In the present study, using a mixture of Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice, lotus leaf extract and grape seed proanthocyanidins fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum HH-LP56, a novel fermented Rosa roxburghii Tratt (FRRT) juice was discovered that can prevent and regulate ethanol-induced liver cell damage. Following fermentation, the pH was significantly decreased, and the content of VC and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased, along with a noticeable enhancement in hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging abilities. Alpha Mouse liver 12 cells were exposed to ethanol for 24 h to establish an in vitro liver cell injury model. The present study evaluated the effects of FRRT on cell damage, lipid accumulation and oxidative stress markers. The results revealed that FRRT pretreatment (cells were pre-treated with 2.5 and 5 mg/ml FRRT for 2 h) significantly reduced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in liver cells. Mechanistically, FRRT regulated lipid metabolism by influencing key genes and proteins, such as AMP-activated protein kinase, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 and Stearyl-CoA desaturase-1. Furthermore, FRRT enhanced antioxidant activity by increasing SOD activity, glutathione and catalase levels, while reducing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels. It also reversed the expression changes of ethanol-induced oxidative stress-related genes and proteins. In conclusion, a novel functional food ingredient may have been discovered with extensive potential applications. These findings indicated that FRRT has antioxidant properties and potential therapeutic benefits in addressing ethanol-induced liver cell damage through its effects on liver lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]