Search

Objective: To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia and somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients who were waiting for surgery and to predict these psychiatric disorders using the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22). Design: A prospective cross‐sectional study. Setting: The rhinology ward at our institution, a tertiary hospital. Participants: Adult patients (> 18 years) diagnosed with CRS who were admitted to the rhinology ward for endoscopic sinus surgery and were able to understand and complete the study questionnaires. Main Outcome Measures: Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire‐15 (PHQ‐15) and SNOT‐22. Results: Of the 159 participants recruited, 58 were at risk of depression (defined by PHQ‐9 > 4, while 25 with PHQ‐9 > 9), 49 were at risk of anxiety (defined by GAD‐7 > 4, while 25 with GAD‐7 > 9), 81 were at risk of insomnia (defined by ISI > 7, while 51 with ISI > 14) and 69 were at risk of SSD (defined by PHQ‐15 > 4, while 24 with PHQ‐15 > 9). The SNOT‐22 score was closely correlated with the scores of psychometric tests and was an independent predictor of these psychiatric disorders. Patients with a high SNOT‐22 score (> 30) are likely to be affected by comorbid psychiatric disorders and should be further evaluated by otolaryngologists. Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, insomnia and SSD are prevalent in CRS patients. Otolaryngologists should have a low threshold to ask the patient about psychiatric symptoms, especially for patients with an SNOT‐22 score > 30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in patients with benign and malignant sinonasal tumors. Materials and methods: Pretreatment patients with sinonasal tumors were prospectively recruited on the rhinology ward of a tertiary hospital from July 2021 to March 2022. The electronic questionnaire which contains the rhinological symptom scale, the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) was filled out by patients at admission. The associations between the scores of symptom/SNOT-22 and psychometric tests were assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and simple linear regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the SNOT-22 score in predicting psychiatric disorders. Results: Thirteen patients with benign sinonasal tumors and 15 patients with malignant sinonasal tumors were recruited. The benign and malignant groups did not differ significantly regarding symptomatology and mental wellbeing. Of the total patients, 9 were at risk of depression (PHQ-9 > 4), 10 were at risk of anxiety (GAD-7 > 4), 11 were at risk of insomnia (ISI > 7), and 11 were at risk of SSD (PHQ-15 > 4). The overall symptom, facial pain/pressure, postnasal drip, and SNOT-22 scores were positively associated with scores of psychometric tests. Patients with a high SNOT-22 score (>18) are likely to be affected by comorbid psychiatric disorders. When interpreting the results of this study, it should be noted that screening tools, not diagnostic tools, were used to identify psychiatric risk. Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, insomnia, and SSD are prevalent in patients with sinonasal tumors. Otolaryngologists should have a low threshold to ask the patient about psychiatric symptoms, especially for patients with an SNOT-22 score > 18. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partition dynamically vector quantization（PDVQ） chip was researched and produced to encode images.Before encoding,it first judged the correlation of the encoding image block,and then decided to choose the size of the image blocks.Test result shows that PDVQ chip can improve the compression rate to 27% in average by contrasting with the normal VQ,even to 64%.The size of the codebook in PDVQ chip was 256×16 byte,and all codevectors in the codebook were categorized by direction,in each category codebook codewords were sorted in the ascending order of their sum,this kind codebook architecture could reduce search range largely.The VLSI architecture of PDVQ chip was implemented based on Charter 0.35μm CMOS standard cell technology,its chip area was 2.08mm×2.08mm.Test result shows that,at 3.0V power supply,PDVQ chip can operate up to 100MHz.At this operation,its power dissipation is 295mW,and it can support real-time encoding application for 512×512 gray images at 30fame/s.