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The widespread use of encrypted traffic poses challenges to network management and network security. Traditional machine learning-based methods for encrypted traffic classification no longer meet the demands of management and security. The application of deep learning technology in encrypted traffic classification significantly improves the accuracy of models. This study focuses primarily on encrypted traffic classification in the fields of network analysis and network security. To address the shortcomings of existing deep learning-based encrypted traffic classification methods in terms of computational memory consumption and interpretability, we introduce a Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning method for efficiently tuning the parameters of an encrypted traffic classification model. Experimentation is conducted on various classification scenarios, including Tor traffic service classification and malicious traffic classification, using multiple public datasets. Fair comparisons are made with state-of-the-art deep learning model architectures. The results indicate that the proposed method significantly reduces the scale of fine-tuning parameters and computational resource usage while achieving performance comparable to that of the existing best models. Furthermore, we interpret the learning mechanism of encrypted traffic representation in the pre-training model by analyzing the parameters and structure of the model. This comparison validates the hypothesis that the model exhibits hierarchical structure, clear organization, and distinct features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As diversity in the United States increases, marriage and family therapists are encountering more multi‐heritage couples in therapy. Recent research shows that around 11% of adults are married to someone from a different racial or ethnic group, rising to 19% among new marriages. Multi‐heritage couples encompass inherent differences in race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, and culture. This article addresses the unique challenges faced by multi‐heritage couples in therapy and explores the strengths and weaknesses of existing assessment tools suitable for their needs. The study highlights a limited number of existing tools that are available for therapists working with multi‐heritage couples. Consequently, the article suggests future directions to enhance the development of assessment tools tailored to the specific needs of multi‐heritage couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerating the periodontium poses a critical challenge in oral medicine. To repair various periodontal defects, it is necessary to adopt a bio-scaffold that provides both the architecture and bioactive cues for local stem cells to migrate, reside, proliferate, and differentiate. The objective of this study is to combine a cell-specific decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) and a biomimetic electrospinning scaffold to regenerate severely destructed periodontium. SEM, water contact angle (WCA), live/dead staining, swelling ratio, tensile test and immune-fluorescent staining were used to define the suitable topography for certain dental stem cells seeding and culturing. Transwell assay, CCK-8, Alizarin Red staining and PCR immune-fluorescent staining were used to determine ideal cell-specific ECM for PDLSCs/BMSCs migration, viability, and oriented differentiation. A biodegradable triple-layered electrospun scaffold (TLS) was fabricated by electrospinning with aligned fibers on both surfaces and a polyporous structure in the middle. The morphology and inter-porous structure of the TLS were characterized by SEM and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The surface of the TLS was functionalized with cell-specific ECM (Bi-ECM-TLS) through decellularization of the cell sheets cultured on the scaffold. The regenerative outcome of Bi-ECM-TLS was assessed by an in-situ rat periodontal defect model. Micro-CT, HE-staining, Masson's trichome staining, Sirius Red staining and Immunofluorescent staining were used for histological analysis. Aligned Gelatin/PCL fibrous membrane (GPA) was most effective for both PDLSCs and BMSCs in culture with WCA around 50 degrees and better mechanical strength than the rest. MSCs favored the same type of ECM (cell-specific ECM), and their regenerative properties were effectively induced with better chemotaxis, proliferative and differentiating behaviors. TLS characterization showed that TLS possessed aligned-random-aligned structure and inter-porous structure. In a rat model of periodontal defects, the TLS functionalized by BMSC-specific ECM for bone regeneration and PDLSC-specific ECM demonstrated highest BV/TV ratio, best bone structure and ligament fiber orientation and blood vessel formation, suggesting optimal performance in regenerating both alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments over TLS, single-ECM loaded TLS and r-Bi-ECM-TLS. This study highlights the importance of combining a cell-specific decellularized ECM and a biomimetic electrospinning scaffold for targeted periodontal tissue regeneration, with potential implications for periodontal tissue engineering and improved patient outcomes. [Display omitted] • Bio-scaffold provides both the architecture and bioactive cues for local stem cell regeneration. • Cell-specific ECM promote PDLSC and BMSC functions respectively, leading to regeneration of complex periodontal tissue. • Provide two regeneration centers for regenerating hard and soft periodontal tissue simultaneously and independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores internal linkages among depressive, anxiety, and acute stress symptoms in 2021 Henan floods victims during the disaster. Moreover, the interaction between instant flood exposure (IFE) and symptoms were testified. We conducted a survey from July 20 to August 6, 2021, when floods occurred in Henan. We employ convenience sampling to capture the immediate reaction of those (N = 714) exposed to the floods. We use self-reported survey answers to assess IFE and depressive, anxiety, and acute stress symptoms. We adopt a psychological network approach to analyze the internal linkages among symptoms and linkages between IFE and symptoms. Results revealed that: First, the strongest relationship between symptoms within each network model remains stable irrespective of whether we control for IFE; however, the strongest edge within depressive symptom cluster differs between the depression network and the depressive-anxiety-acute stress symptom cluster network. The order of central symptoms for depressive symptom cluster, anxiety symptom cluster, and acute stress symptom cluster changes after controlling for IFE. Second, the bridge symptoms of depressive-anxiety-acute stress symptom cluster network remain stable regardless of whether we control for IFE. However, the bridge symptoms of the depressive and acute stress symptoms network vary after controlling for IFE. Third, IFE related to changes in living and family conditions is a crucial factor in linking depressive, anxiety, and acute stress symptoms. Inconsistent results between depressive, anxiety, and acute stress symptom cluster networks and depressive-anxiety-acute stress symptom cluster network reveal that studies employing a network approach should control for potential confounders to avoid omitted variable bias. Sequential psychiatric reactions toward IFE during a disaster imply that pre-disaster community cohesion is crucial for positive coping during the disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drugs that act by covalently attaching to their targets have been used to treat human diseases for over a hundred years. However, the deliberate design of covalent drugs was discouraged due to concerns of toxicity and off-target effects. Recent successes in covalent drug discovery have sparked fresh interest in this field. New screening and testing methods aimed at covalent inhibitors can play pivotal roles in facilitating the discovery process. This feature article focuses on computational and biophysical advances originating from our labs over the past decade and how these approaches have contributed to the design of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro covalent inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of 5G (fifth-generation wireless systems) determines the future direction of technology and economy and has received extensive public attention. Studying the changing rules of public attention to 5G can provide an important guiding significance for the sustainable development of 5G. This paper takes Baidu Index as the measurement index of 5G public attention and analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of public attention to 5G from 2011 to 2021 by using the elasticity coefficient, Gini coefficient, geographical concentration index, and panel data model. The results of the study show the following. (1) The public concern to 5G is generally on the rise, but the heat has declined in the past two years. (2) The public's 5G attention shows a seasonal effect, with the highest attention in March and June. (3) The spatial difference of 5G public attention is obvious. The eastern region has a high degree of attention, the internal differences between the eastern and western regions are obvious, and the central region is relatively balanced. (4) The factors such as local economic level, education level, Internet development, and media attention have significantly affected the public focus on 5G. Also, some suggestions are made for the sustainable development of 5G and the planning of 6G (sixth-generation wireless systems). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) type 4–related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic immunologic systemic disorder that could affect multiple organs, which may cause irreversible organ damage or even death. Skin involvement is rare and associated especially with systemic disease. The dermatologist must be equipped to recognize IgG4-RD to prevent delayed identification and treatment. This case reports a very rare case of IgG4-related skin disease (IgG4-RSD) presenting with a generalized angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE)-like lesions in a middle-aged male patient with no other organ involvement. He was treated with oral glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide, which resulted in complete remission. No relapse and disease progression were seen with a follow-up for 8 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a 12-year period, this study examined the effects of the Family Check-Up preventive intervention model on both observed and self-reported parenting behaviors of mothers and fathers as well as how those parenting behaviors were associated with young adult antisocial behavior. Teachers identified 641 early adolescent youth from school settings to be at elevated risk for the development of externalizing behavior and/or substance use. These youth and their families were randomly assigned to the Family Check-Up intervention model (consisting of an adaptive, multi-tiered model of support, including a school-based family resource room, the Family Check-Up, and targeted follow-up services) or a control condition. Using an intent-to-treat approach, the Family Check-Up intervention model positively impacted mothers’ observed parenting approximately 5 years later in middle adolescence but was not associated with changes in fathers’ observed or self-reported parenting. Mothers’ observed adaptive parenting and fathers’ self-reported adaptive parenting in middle adolescence were associated with lower risk for young adult antisocial behavior. The cascading effects of brief, family-focused interventions are discussed along with implications for the measurement of parenting in mothers and fathers in the context of preventive intervention trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual floating breakwaters have a limited effect on wave dissipation, especially for long waves. However, consideration of utilizing dual floating breakwaters (FBs) can significantly improve wave dissipation performance. The complex interaction mechanism between waves and dual FBs is poorly understood. The current study considers four different combinations of dual FBs, each focusing differently on their wave dissipation performance and interaction mechanisms. The breakwater spacing, relative density, and incident wave period of the dual FBs are employed as study parameters to further analyze their performance in detail. Furthermore, the appropriate application of smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is applied, and the discussion in Bragg resonance reflection of water waves by the dual FBs is given. Results demonstrate that the optimum spacing of the dual FBs is 0.7 times the wavelength. In addition, the dual rectangular FB also indicates good performance when the incident wave condition is at low frequency. Moreover, the transmission coefficient of the dual rectangular FB is approximately 0.4 of that of the corresponding isolated FB, and the occurrence of Bragg resonance reflection is possible between the waves and the dual FBs. This study can provide constructive research value for future practical marine engineering applications. • A comprehensive study of dual-row cuboid and cylindrical pontoons were detailed. • Demonstration of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics with its methods and applications. • A calculation for wave transmission and reflection of a dual-row pontoon was demonstrated. • Comparison of wave dissipation performance between single- and dual-row pontoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A porous amide-functionalized two-fold interpenetrated MOF with pto-type topology, HNUST-10, has been solvothermally synthesized and characterized. HNUST-10 possesses large open channels and exhibits efficient selective capture and separation of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from low concentration DMF solution at 298 K as compared with other organic dyes such as methyl orange, Sudan II, Congo red, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boronic acid functionalization metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as unique boronate affinity adsorbents, have desired specific molecular affinity for the separation and enrichment of cis-diol-compounds. Herein, the boronic acid functionalized Zn-based MOF adsorbent (MOF-BA) was synthesized through a simple one-step microwave method and used for the recognition and isolation of steviol glycosides (SGs). This MOF-BA exhibits the same spherical structure and isostructure with the parent framework composed only of the primitive ligand as verified by SEM and XRD characterization. It was confirmed that changing the ratio of ligands could achieve the adjustability of the boron content in the framework. At the same time, the MOF-BA-1.0 showed a suitable pore size (4.69 nm), and the presence of boric acid functional groups showed favorable selectivity for stevioside (STV). The static adsorption results showed that adsorption performances of rebaudioside A (RA) and STV from crude sugar solution (5.0 mg mL−1, pH 8) on MOF-BA-1.0 were investigated at 303 K for 15 h. The adsorption capacities for STV and RA were 42.93 mg g−1 and 22.96 mg g−1, respectively, and the adsorption selectivity (αSTV/RA) reached 4.35. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic data of MOF-BA-1.0 for RA and STV obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo second order kinetic model, respectively. The study demonstrated that MOF-BA-1.0 adsorbent could be used as a potential adsorbent to purify the active ingredients of stevia and obtain a high concentration of RA products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban environments, Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are often reflected or blocked by buildings causing multipath effects and Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) reception. These effects degrade GPS positioning performance. Although improved receiver and antenna design can reduce the multipath effect to some extent, NLOS elimination is limited due to sensor cost. Measurements based modelling methods have shown promise to reduce NLOS, while positioning accuracy is limited by the correct classification of the signal reception types. These limitations are addressed in this paper by developing an integrated algorithm using matching, Particle Swam Optimized Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (PSO-ANFIS) and a spatial city model. The user's location is determined by matching the high accuracy signal reception type determined by PSO-ANFIS with satellite visibility of each candidate position determined by the ray-tracing and a 3D city model. The results from a field test in an urban area in Taiwan show that the PSO-ANFIS based algorithm achieves a classification accuracy of 96%, 88%, and 91% for LOS, multipath and NLOS signals, respectively, which is superior to the other classification algorithms. The final horizontal positioning accuracies in terms of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are 3.20 m using a commercial receiver and 1.88 m using a geodetic receiver. The proposed algorithm has consistent improvements of 88% and 70% respectively compared to the traditional Weighted Least Square (WLS) based positioning method, and is the best compared to the other state-of-the art methods with the improvements ranging from 15% to 77% depending on the test conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the composition and structure of the pale blue outcrop from the UBC Cliffs and research the environmental significance of aerinite recorded in the sediments, mineral composition, bulk chemical composition and structural analyses were carried out by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and X‐ray fluorescence spectra (XRF). Quartz, feldspar, mica, chlorite and aerinite as well as a small amount of amphibole, calcite, clinopyroxene, rutile, perovskite and apatite are recorded in the sediments. It is reported for the first time that the aerinite occurs in a high latitude area and in sediments paragenetic with mica and chlorite. The large span in grain size shows a typical characteristic of fluvioglacial sediments. Geochemistry characteristics (CIA, CIW, PIA, WIP and ICV) verify that there is virtually no chemical weathering. Mineralogy and geochemistry features of the UBC Cliffs sediments indicate that aerinite is accommodate to the high latitude and cold, dry climate. As the sediments show high similarity to those of their provenance, they have great significance in the identification of the forming condition and origin of the aerinite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interstratified clay minerals reflect the weathering degree and record climatic conditions and the pedogenic processes in the soil. It is hard to distinguish a few layers of interstratified clay minerals from the chlorite matrix, due to their similar two-dimensional tetrahedral-octahedral-tetrahedral (TOT) structure and electron-beam sensitive nature during transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Here, we used multiple advanced TEM techniques including low-dose high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) imaging combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) mapping to study interstratified layers in a chlorite sample from Changping, Beijing, China. We demonstrated an interstratified mica or pyrophyllite monolayer could be well distinguished from the chlorite matrix by projected atomic structures, lattice spacings, and chemical compositions with advanced TEM techniques. Further investigation showed two different transformation mechanisms from mica or pyrophyllite to chlorite: either a 4 Å increase or decrease in the lattice spacing. This characterization approach can be extended to the studies of other electron-beam sensitive minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important component of organic solid wastes, disposal of plastic wastes (PWs) has always been a thorny issue. Thermochemical conversion is an efficient method. In-depth research on the influence of structural differences on their pyrolysis behavior is beneficial to promote the development of thermal treatment and conversion technology of PWs. The differences in the chemical structure of different polyolefin plastics at the molecule level are mainly reflected in their side chains. Herein, a series of typical polyolefin plastics with similar backbone structure and different side chain structures, including high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), were selected for comprehensive pyrolysis characterization in this work. Advanced experimental analysis methods such as in-situ DRIFT and 2D-PCIS were adopted to investigate the evolution of two weak oxygen-containing side chains during pyrolysis of PVA and EVA, respectively. Besides, typical product distribution of six samples were systematically studied by combining SVUV-PIMS and GC/MS. Spectral analysis showed that OH side chain in macromolecular structure of PVA had the weakest thermal stability, and its oxidation reaction occurred earlier than dissociation and dehydration, while the acetoxy side chain in EVA polymers could not only be directly dissociated via deacetoxylation, but also be transformed into OH side chain via deacetylation that occurred simultaneously with deacetoxylation. Further combined with SVUV-PIMS and GC/MS, the distribution characteristics of pyrolysis products of polyolefin plastics and the rules of generation and release of typical products with temperature were obtained in detail. It was found that the release of typical oxygen-containing products was earlier or slightly earlier than the release of hydrocarbons in pyrolysis of PVA or EVA. However, the release of all hydrocarbons was almost simultaneous during the respective pyrolysis process of HDPE, PP and PS, suggesting that the evolution of oxygen-containing side chains with weak thermal stability occurred earlier under the drive of temperature. Based on the characterization results, the main evolution pathways of different side chains were proposed to explain the influence mechanism of different side chain structures on the pyrolysis behavior of polyolefin plastics. The cleavage of C C bonds mainly occurred in HDPE, PP and PS, while the evolution of side chains occurred first in PVC, PVA and EVA, and exerted different influence on the degradation of carbon skeleton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • One-bit quantizer design is investigated for weak-signal detection in GGN and lossy binary communication channel. • It is proved that the optimal threshold can be efficiently calculated. • The optimal threshold is proved zero when the shape coefficient is less than 1 for binary symmetric channel and 2 for binary asymmetric channel. • Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Abstract In this paper, quantizer design for weak-signal detection under arbitrary binary channel in generalized Gaussian noise is studied. Since the performances of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and Rao test are asymptotically characterized by the noncentral chi-squared probability density function (PDF), the threshold design problem can be formulated as a noncentrality parameter maximization problem. The theoretical property of the noncentrality parameter with respect to the threshold is investigated, and the optimal threshold is shown to be found in polynomial time with appropriate numerical algorithm and proper initializations. In certain cases, the optimal threshold is proved to be zero. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to substantiate the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signal amplitude estimation and detection from unlabeled quantized binary samples are studied, assuming that the order of the time indexes is completely unknown. First, maximum likelihood (ML) estimators are utilized to estimate both the permutation matrix and unknown signal amplitude under arbitrary but known signal shape and quantizer thresholds. Sufficient conditions are provided, under which an ML estimator can be found in polynomial time, and an alternating maximization algorithm is proposed to solve the general problem via good initialization. In addition, the statistical identifiability of the model is studied. Furthermore, an approximation of the generalized likelihood ratio test detector is adopted to detect the presence of the signal. In addition, an accurate approximation of the probability of successful permutation matrix recovery is derived, and explicit expressions are provided to reveal the relationship between the signal length and the number of quantizers. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work introduces a facile method to fabricate a superhydrophobic aluminum surface with hierarchical micro-nanostructures based on a combination strategy of chemical etching and sand blasting. Comparing with the bare substrate, the micro-nanostructure superhydrophobic surface possessed an excellent resistance to wettability with water apparent contact angle as high as 160.2° and a low contact angle hysteresis of 6.7°. Also, it displayed a perfect bouncing dynamic of impact droplet with a short contact time of approximately 10 ms. Furthermore, the testing results of anti-icing and corrosion resistance indicated that the micro-nanostructure superhydrophobic surface was endowed with the robust anti-icing property and corrosion resistance. The freezing delay time was prolonged over 10 times comparing with that on the bare substrate, and the anti-frosting property was enhanced with the obviously decreased frosting area. Expectedly, the micro-nanostructure superhydrophobic surface was demonstrated to have a commendable resistance to corrosion, exhibiting a lower corrosion current density and a higher corrosion potential, as well as damage-free under 3.5 wt% NaCl salt spray environment. These investigations are believed that there is a certain extent promotion to applications of superhydrophobic surface, especially in the fields of anti-icing and corrosion prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite extensive researches, many aspects of the structural transformation that occur in illite on heating remain unclear. This study concentrates on samples from a mine located in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China to supplement data obtained by previous investigators. In situ high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and electron microprobe (EMP) analysis were used to record the characterization of the raw material. XRD pattern showed the illite sample was primarily in 2M 1 polytype. The phase transition from illite into dehydroxylated phase started at about 525 °C in static air and at about 550 °C in vacuum, and from dehydroxylated phase into mullite occurred at above 1100 °C. These lattice parameters of illite (RT – 1100 °C) and mullite (1125–1150 °C) both in static air and in vacuum were refined. The variations of illite lattice parameters with temperature (°C) were therefore well described. Thermal expansion coefficients of illite (RT – 1100 °C) were determined. In situ high temperature X-ray diffraction study revealed four stages during heating: expansion, dehydroxylation, post-dehydroxylation and mullite stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative therapeutic strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are urgently required due to the limited effectiveness of standard chemotherapies. C-Terminal Binding Protein 1 (CtBP1) has been implicated in various cancers, including ESCC. However, the precise expression patterns and functional roles of CtBP1 in ESCC remain inadequately characterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate CtBP1 expression and its role in the resistance of ESCC to paclitaxel, an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were applied to assess CtBP1 expression in the TE-1 and KYSE-50 cell lines. We observed the marked expression of CtBP1, which was associated with enhanced proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in these cell lines. Further, we successfully generated paclitaxel resistant ESCC cell lines and conducted cell viability assays. We employed the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to disable the CtBP1 gene in ESCC cell lines. Through the analysis of the drug dose–response curve, we assessed the sensitivity of these cell lines in different treatment groups. Remarkably, CtBP1-disabled cell lines displayed not only improved sensitivity but also a remarkable inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This demonstrates that CtBP1 may promote ESCC cell malignancy and confer paclitaxel resistance. In summary, our study opens a promising avenue for targeted therapies, revealing the potential of CtBP1 inhibition to enhance the effectiveness of paclitaxel treatment for the personalized management of ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to report a facile strategy of planting a layer of petal shaped nanostructures on the surface of array micro-patterns, and producing the excellent superhydrophobicity and anti-icing property. In this work, the superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared by modifying petal shaped nanostructures (constructed by chemical etching in alkaline solution) planted on array micro-patterns (constructed by lithography process with the electrochemical etching under the neutral solution condition) on aluminum substrate with fluoroalkylsilane (FAS-17). Meanwhile, we further studied the effects of chemical etching process parameters on morphology and superhydrophobicity, and on this basis explored the anti-icing potential under the condition of icing wind tunnel. The results indicated that the process parameters including NaOH concentration of 0.05 M, etching time of 5 min, and the subsequent boiling time of 40 min were of benefit to producing the ideal nanostructure morphology and geometric dimension, and the resultant surface displayed an excellent superhydrophobicity with the apparent contact angle of 165° and the sliding angle being almost equal to zero (cannot be measured). Furthermore, the as-superhydrophobic surface generated a tremendous anti-icing potential, greatly preventing the icing accumulation at − 10 °C under the condition of icing wind tunnel, and exhibiting a lower ice adhesion strength comparing with a market mature production of superhydrophobic coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical complication of the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), characterized by increased pulmonary permeability with high mortality. Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) injury and apoptosis play a key role in ALI. Previous studies indicated that store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) could regulate a variety of cellular processes. The present study was to investigate the effects of SOCE inhibition on ALI induced by SAP in Sprague-Dawley rats, and PMVECs injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rat model of SAP-associated ALI were established by the retrograde infusion of sodium deoxycholate. Serum levels of amylase, TNF-α, and IL-6, histological changes, water content of the lung, oxygenation index, and ultrastructural changes of PMVECs were examined in ALI rats with or without store-operated Ca channels (SOCs) pharmacological inhibitor (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, 2-APB) pretreatment. For in vitro studies, PMVECs were transiently transfected with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA) against calcium release-activated calcium channel protein1 (Orai1) and stromal interaction molecule1 (STIM1), the two main molecular constituents of SOCs, then exposed to LPS. The viability of PMVECs was determined. The expression of STIM1, Orai1, Bax, and caspase3, both in lung tissue and in PMVECs, were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Administration of sodium deoxycholate upregulated the expression of SOCs proteins in lung tissue. Similarly, the SOCs proteins were increased in PMVECs induced by LPS. 2-APB reduced the serum levels of amylase, TNF-α, and IL-6, and attenuated lung water content and histological findings. In addition, the decreased oxygenation index and ultrastructural damage in PMVECs associated with SAP were ameliorated after administration of 2-APB. Knockdown of STIM1 and Orai1 inhibited LPS-induced PMVECs death. Furthermore, blockade of SOCE significantly suppressed Orai1, STIM1, Bax, and caspase3 expression both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that SOCE may play a critical role in SAP-associated ALI and the protective effects of inhibition of SOCs could be mediated, at least partially, by restraining mitochondrial associated apoptosis of PMVECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract After the implantation of lower limb artery stents, the complex loading conditions imposed on the limb can lead to fatigue failure, which may induce inflammation and restenosis. To investigate the effect of multi-axial loading conditions on the fatigue performance of stents, five stents, namely APsolute Pro (APbott Vascular, USA), Complete SE (Medtronic, USA), Protégé EverFlex (PE3, USA), Pulsar-35 (Biotronik, Germany), and E-luminexx-B (Bard, USA), were analyzed based on the finite element method (FEM). Besides, their fatigue strength was determined under three levels of loading conditions, including tension-bending-torsion and compression-bending-torsion. Based on that, the fatigue life of these stents was predicted. The results showed that based on the nominal stress method, tension-bending-torsion loading had a more significant impact on the fatigue life of stents than compression-bending-torsion loading. Besides, two different types of initial cracks were analyzed by the fracture mechanics method. The results suggested that both the initial crack and the external load were the main causes of stent fatigue fractures. Compared with the loading nature, the influence of the initial crack on stent fatigue life was more significant. Under the same loading condition, the APsolute Pro stent had the longest fatigue life, while the E-luminexx-B stent had the shortest. Moreover, the mechanism of stent fatigue failure was revealed by exploring the fatigue performance and life prediction of stents under complex loading conditions. These findings have important implications for improving the structural design of stents and their clinical selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The development of transition-metal free systems for multi-sites deuteration is important for the preparation of deuterium-labeled drugs and intermediates. We reported that ionic liquid [bmim]PF 6 was able to promote highly efficient deuterodeborylation of boronic acids with D 2 O. The ionic liquid/boronic acid system was successfully applied to the selective H/D exchange at various sp2/sp3 C H positions. Moreover, unusual nucleophilic behaviors of nitrogen-containing heteroaromatics in ionic liquid were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) is a major modality of cancer treatment. However, tumors often acquire radioresistance, which causes RT to fail. The exact mechanisms by which tumor cells subjected to fractionated irradiation (FIR) develop an adaptive radioresistance are largely unknown. Using the radioresistant KYSE-150R esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) model, which was derived from KYSE-150 parental cells using FIR, the role of Bmi-1 in mediating the radioadaptive response of ESCC cells to RT was investigated. The results showed that the level of Bmi-1 expression was significantly higher in KYSE-150R cells than in the KYSE-150 parental cells. Bmi-1 depletion sensitized the KYSE-150R cells to RT mainly through the induction of apoptosis, partly through the induction of senescence. A clonogenic cell survival assay showed that Bmi-1 depletion significantly decreased the radiation survival fraction in KYSE-150R cells. Furthermore, Bmi-1 depletion increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of oxidase genes (Lpo, Noxo1 and Alox15) in KYSE-150R cells exposed to irradiation. DNA repair capacities assessed by γ-H2AX foci formation were also impaired in the Bmi-1 down-regulated KYSE-150R cells. These results suggest that Bmi-1 plays an important role in tumor radioadaptive resistance under FIR and may be a potent molecular target for enhancing the efficacy of fractionated RT. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on the detection and estimation of weak signals by using chaotic duffing oscillators. Intermittency transition between order and chaos; Property of sensitive dependence.

A new method is presented to determine the amplitude and phase of a weak signal by using a fundamental property of a nonlinear dynamical system, namely, the sensitive dependence on initial conditions (SDIC), given that some a priori knowledge about the signal order of magnitude is available. The corresponding bifurcation process for the Duffing oscillator is discussed in detail, and the Floquet exponents are employed to represent SDIC quantitatively. To show the efficiency of the present method, simulation results for the reconstruction are given and compared with those obtained by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. The robustness of the present method against variations of some experimental conditions is addressed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The structural differences of biomass had significant influence on pyrolysis mechanism. • Cleavage of glycosidic bond and dissociation of O-acetyl group in softwood hemicellulose were prone to occur. • The breakage of α-ether bond of hemicellulose-lignin bonds mainly occurred via Cα-O concerted cleavage. Biomass pyrolysis involves complex structural changes and numerous chemical reactions. At present, most studies on actual biomass pyrolysis focus on the macroscopic thermal degradation process, while the studies on microscopic pyrolysis rules are still very limited. This work provides a new insight into the pyrolysis mechanism of three types of actual biomass, namely hardwood (eucalyptus saligna), softwood (pinus sylvestris) and straw (corn straw), by combining in-situ characterization of the evolution of biomass structures with density functional theory (DFT) calculations of pyrolysis pathways. Firstly, the evolution of various characteristic structures during biomass pyrolysis was monitored by in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFT). It was found that the thermal stability of the same functional group in different biomass samples are not exactly the same, and the structural differences in biomass would lead to different pyrolysis behaviors. Then, considering the great structural difference of hemicellulose in different biomass, the key initial pyrolysis reaction paths including the cleavage of glycosidic bonds, the dissociation of side chains and the opening of sugar ring of hemicellulose were studied by DFT calculations. It was found that the cleavage of glycosidic bonds and the dissociation of O-acetyl side chains of glucomannan in softwood hemicellulose are more advantageous than those of xylan in hardwood and straw hemicellulose. In addition, the cleavage mechanism of hemicellulose-lignin bond (LC), a characteristic connection structure between different components of actual biomass, was investigated. The result showed that the cleavage of Cα-O mainly occurred by concerted mechanism for α-ether bond of LC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) vortex-induced vibration in structures with varying cross-sectional shapes and incoming flows have been conducted using numerical simulation. The investigation centers on amplitude, frequency, spectrum, phase and fluid force coefficients. Additionally, the temporal and spatial characteristics as well as vortex dynamics mechanism are scrutinized, particularly during the cross-flow amplitude extremes. It can be indicated through studies that the cross-flow amplitudes in different incoming flows exhibit a distinctive distribution with three discernible branches. Frequency locking is found to amplify the dynamic response of the structure. Four tapered cylinder cases exhibit a delay in the location of the cross-flow amplitude extremes compared to two cylinder cases attributable to the influence of structural shear rate, which expands the upper branch. Superimposing incoming shear rate in the same direction as the structural shear rate not only enhances the cross-flow amplitude extremes but also broadens the range of forces and velocities distribution acting on the structure. Conversely, the imposition of incoming shear rate in the opposite direction to the structural shear rate leads to a contrary outcome. The incoming shear rate introduces secondary frequencies with higher energy in the spectrum characteristics of two cylinder cases, consequently promoting the amplification of the cross-flow amplitudes. • VIV of the variable cross-sectional cylinder cases are systematically studied. • Computational fluid dynamics is applied to numerical simulations. • Five characteristics of the variable cross-sectional cylinder cases are carefully explored. • Knowledge of how different shear rates affect dynamic responses is enriched. • Vortex dynamics mechanism of different cases at cross-flow amplitude extremes is compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With growing concerns over electromagnetic pollution, developing advanced electromagnetic shielding materials has become critical. Graphene, a versatile two-dimensional material, exhibits exceptional electrical properties and high specific surface area, making it ideal for electromagnetic shielding. However, graphene sheets tend to aggregate due to strong van der Waals forces, which hampers conductivity and shielding effectiveness. This review addresses the fundamental theories of electromagnetic shielding and discusses various methods to fabricate graphene and to engineer its assembly into functional two-dimensional and 3D structures like films and foams. It also covers the development of graphene-based composites with unique structures such as core–shell, sandwich, and bionic structure, emphasizing the correlation between graphene's structure, its composites, and shielding performance. The aim is to foster new ideas and provide technological insights for advancing graphene-based shielding materials.Graphical Abstract: With growing concerns over electromagnetic pollution, developing advanced electromagnetic shielding materials has become critical. Graphene, a versatile two-dimensional material, exhibits exceptional electrical properties and high specific surface area, making it ideal for electromagnetic shielding. However, graphene sheets tend to aggregate due to strong van der Waals forces, which hampers conductivity and shielding effectiveness. This review addresses the fundamental theories of electromagnetic shielding and discusses various methods to fabricate graphene and to engineer its assembly into functional two-dimensional and 3D structures like films and foams. It also covers the development of graphene-based composites with unique structures such as core–shell, sandwich, and bionic structure, emphasizing the correlation between graphene's structure, its composites, and shielding performance. The aim is to foster new ideas and provide technological insights for advancing graphene-based shielding materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In industrial pollutants, phenol is a kind of degradation-resistant hazardous compound. It is generated during industrial processes in factories and treatment at sewage plants. In this study, we analyse the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and rGO as a composite for the degradation of phenol. Hybridised titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (TiO2/rGO) nanocomposites were synthesised by a simple hydrothermal method using flake graphite and tetrabutyl titanate as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) specific area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoelectrochemical analysis, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) were employed to characterise the physicochemical properties of the as-prepared nanocomposites. The results showed the TiO2/rGO nanocomposites' significant anatase phase and a small fraction of the rutile phase the same as that of the as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles. The spherical TiO2 nanoparticles (diameter 20–50 nm) were agglomerated slightly and the agglomerates were anchored on the rGO sheets and dispersed symmetrically. The specific surface area of TiO2/rGO-4% nanocomposites was 156.4 m2/g, revealing a high specific surface area. Oxygen-containing functional groups that existed in TiO2/rGO-4% nanocomposites were almost removed during hydrothermal processing. The photocurrent response of TiO2/rGO-4% was strongest among the TiO2/rGO nanocomposites, and the bandgap of TiO2/rGO-4% was 2.91 eV, showing a redshift of absorption into the visible region, which was in favour of the high photocatalytic activity of TiO2/rGO nanocomposites under visible light (λ > 420 nm). Moreover, the samples were employed to photodegrade phenol solution under visible light irradiation. TiO2/rGO-4% nanocomposite degraded the phenol solution up to 97.9%, and its degradation rate constant was 0.0190 h−1, which had higher degradation activity than that of other TiO2/rGO nanocomposites. This is a promising candidate catalyst material for organic wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient high‐speed shear homogenization extraction (HSHE) technique was employed for extracting stevioside (STV) and rebaudioside A (RA) from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves. The HSHE extraction procedure was optimized and compared with other conventional extraction techniques. HSHE showed a better extraction efficiency than solvent extraction (SE), ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) methods. Based on single‐factor experiments, the extraction conditions of HSHE method were optimized by response surface method (RSM) modeling. The optimal conditions were 59% ethanol aqueous solution as extraction agent, 8 min extraction time, and 68°C extraction temperature. The yields of STV, RA, and rebaudioside C (RC) were 5.37 ± 0.10%, 8.68 ± 0.13%, and 0.99 ± 0.03%, respectively. In addition, the contents of other components in crude extract, such as pigments, proteins, and pectin, extracted by HSHE, were compared with SE, UAE, and MAE methods. The result showed that the HSHE method has the advantages of low extraction temperature, high efficiency, and low time and energy consumption. The study demonstrated that HSHE has a great potential for the extraction of steviol glycosides from S. rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves. Practical applications: Steviol glycosides (SGs) are a new natural sweetener with high safety, good stability, and nonfermentation, which is herbal plant of the composite extracted from S. rebaudiana (Bertoni). It has the characteristics of high sweetness and low thermal energy. Its safety has been approved by the European Food Safety Administration (EFSA) and Joint Committee of Experts on Food Additives (JECFA). Generally speaking, SG is extracted from S. rebaudiana (Bertoni) by SE, UAE, and MAE methods. However, these methods have the disadvantages of low efficiency, low yield, and high solvent consumption. At present, there is no literature reported on the extraction of SG from S. rebaudiana (Bertoni) by HSHE method. Therefore, this study is to optimize the extraction process of HSHE and compare the contents of impurities in the crude extracts of different extraction methods, in order to provide a new method for extraction of SG from S. rebaudiana (Bertoni). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A 3D4/21/CD163 cell line for high-efficiency PRRSV-2 infection was established using the PiggyBac transposon system. • The progeny PRRSV-2 titers produced in the 3D4/21/CD163 cells were higher than those produced in Marc-145 cells. • The 3D4/21/CD163 cell line is suitable for PRRSV-2 propagation and vaccine production. CD163 is a cellular receptor for Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Transgenic expression of CD163 can predispose a variety of PRRSV non-permissive cells to PRRSV infection. These resulting cells can then be used for PRRSV production and the study of PRRSV biology. The PiggyBac (PB) transposon is a non-viral, plasmid-based mobile genetic element that can be used for gene delivery into mammalian cells. In this study, a simple and efficient method for the transfection of the porcine CD163 transgene into an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (3D4/21), a non-permissive cell line to PRRSV infection, by PB transposition was demonstrated. The resultant stably transformed 3D4/21/CD163 cells expressed CD163 constitutively and were shown to be fully permissive for PRRSV-2 strains and yielded an excess of 106 TCID 50 /mL of progeny virus. The PRRSV replicated more efficiently in the 3D4/21/CD163 cells than in Marc-145 cells, and the titers of the progeny PRRSV produced in the 3D4/21/CD163 cells were higher than those produced in Marc-145 cells. This simplified PB transposon-generated PRRSV-2 permissive 3D4/21/CD163 cell line could facilitate PRRSV production and accelerate the study of virus-host interactions in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apoptosis releases numerous apoptotic vesicles that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, immunity, and tissue regeneration and repair. Now, it has also emerged as an attractive candidate for biotherapeutics. However, apoptotic vesicles encompass a diverse range of subtypes, and it remains unclear which specific subtypes play a pivotal role. In this study, we successfully isolated different apoptotic vesicle subtypes based on their sizes and characterized them using NTA and TEM techniques, respectively. We compared the functional variances among the distinct subtypes of apoptotic vesicles in terms of stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as for endothelial cell and macrophage function, effectively identifying subtypes that exhibit discernible functional differences. ApoSEV (with diameter <1000 nm) promoted stem cell proliferation, migration, and multi‐potent differentiation, and accelerated skin wound healing of diabetes mouse model, while apoBD (with diameter >1000 nm) played the opposite effect on cell function and tissue regeneration. Lastly, employing protein analysis and gene sequencing techniques, we elucidated the intrinsic mechanisms underlying these differences between different subtypes of apoEVs. Collectively, this study identified that apoptotic vesicle subtypes possessed distinct bio‐functions in regulating stem cell function and behaviour and modulating tissue regeneration, which primarily attribute to the distinct profiling of protein and mRNA in different subtypes. This comprehensive analysis of specific subtypes of apoEVs would provide novel insights for potential therapeutic applications in cell biology and tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia are still unclear. Converging evidence suggests that energy metabolism abnormalities are involved in schizophrenia, and support its role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Lactate plays an important role in energy metabolism. Many studies have reported changes in the levels of lactate in the brain and serum of schizophrenia patients; however, the results from these studies are not consistent. To overcome this limitation, the goal of the present meta-analysis is to analyze the changes in lactate levels in the brain and blood of schizophrenia patients. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we performed a thorough search of relevant literature in the English language, using the MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases. In the present meta-analysis, 20 studies were scrutinized, including 13 studies on brain lactate levels, which involved 322 schizophrenia patients and 324 healthy individuals as controls. 7 studies on blood lactate levels, involving 234 schizophrenia patients and 238 healthy individuals, were also included. Brain lactate levels were elevated in schizophrenia patients, both in vivo and in post-mortem studies. Nevertheless, blood lactate levels in schizophrenia patients have revealed no statistically significant difference, as compared with control individuals. In comparison with healthy individuals, schizophrenia patients had higher lactate levels in the brain, rather than in the blood. These findings suggest independent regulatory mechanisms of lactate levels in the brain and peripheral tissues. Abnormal lactate metabolism in the brain may be an important pathological mechanism in schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐co‐vinylphenylboronic acid) P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) adsorbents are prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) precipitation polymerization with 4‐vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) as the functional monomer, and used for selective adsorption of steviol glycosides (SGs). The boron content and pore structure of the P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) adsorbent are adjusted by changing the polymerization conditions. The adsorption results show that the pore structure of the P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) affects the adsorption capacity to SGs, the presence of boric acid functional groups shows favorable adsorption selectivity for stevioside (STV), and the adsorption selectivity is proportional to the content of boric acid in P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) adsorbents. The adsorption performance of P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) toward SGs is the best when the ratio of monomer to cross‐linker is 1:50 and the solvent is acetonitrile. In the SG solution (6.0 mg mL−1, CSTV/CRA = 1:1), the adsorption capacities and adsorption selectivity (αSTV/RA) of P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) to SGs are 113.20 mg g–1 and 4.99, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data obey pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The boric acid copolymers with VPBA as the monomer prepared by the one‐step method can become a promising material for efficient separation and purification of SGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxicity prediction is very important to public health. Among its many applications, toxicity prediction is essential to reduce the cost and labor of a drug’s preclinical and clinical trials, because a lot of drug evaluations (cellular, animal, and clinical) can be spared due to the predicted toxicity. In the era of Big Data and artificial intelligence, toxicity prediction can benefit from machine learning, which has been widely used in many fields such as natural language processing, speech recognition, image recognition, computational chemistry, and bioinformatics, with excellent performance. In this article, we review machine learning methods that have been applied to toxicity prediction, including deep learning, random forests, k-nearest neighbors, and support vector machines. We also discuss the input parameter to the machine learning algorithm, especially its shift from chemical structural description only to that combined with human transcriptome data analysis, which can greatly enhance prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on the machine learning research to propose two new algorithms based on optimizing the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with a dual‐polarization antenna to predict pseudorange errors by considering multiple variables including the right‐hand circular polarized (RHCP) signal strength, signal strength difference between the left‐hand circular polarized (LHCP) and RHCP outputs, satellites' elevation angle, and pseudorange residuals. The final antenna position is calculated following the application of the predicted pseudorange errors to correct for the effects of non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) and multipath signal reception. The results show that the proposed algorithm results in a 30% improvement in the root mean square error (RMSE) in the 2D (horizontal) component for static applications when the training and testing data are collected at the same location. This corresponds to 13% to 20% when the testing data is from locations away from that of the training dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using four-step semi-implicit characteristic-based split method, flow-induced vibrations of three tandem cylinders in planar shear flow are numerically simulated at Re = 100. The vibration responses are more complicated than that of a single cylinder due to the gap development and mutual interference with each other. The spacing ratio (L/D) between three tandem cylinders of equal size ranges from 2.5 to 5.5, with a mass ratio (m r) of 2.0 attributed to each one. The reduced velocity (U r) spans from 3 to 30, and the shear ratio (k) varies as 0, 0.05 and 0.1 respectively. The numerical results show that spacing ratio and shear ratio have an influence on the dynamic responses, performances of frequency, phase and energy for three tandem cylinders. The vibration responses of each cylinder can be clearly divided in three major branches, which first increase then decrease with increasing U r. The gap flow inside cylinders at small L/D heightens the probability of vortex merging, intensifying mutual interference and consequently amplifying the amplitude. It is worth noting that as k increases to 0.1, downstream cylinders exhibit different vibration responses at L/D ≥ 4.0. Specifically, a secondary increase occurs after U r > 18 at L/D = 4.0, and the amplitude is completely suppressed after U r > 25 at L/D = 5.5. With the help of other performances, the differences in vibration responses of three tandem cylinders at different k and L/D are revealed. • The FIV of three tandem cylinders in planar shear flow are investigated. • The effects of spacing ratio, reduced velocity as well as shear ratio are mainly analyzed. • Four different performances of three tandem cylinders are explored. • The performances of downstream cylinder change heavily than other two cylinders. • The vortex dynamics mechanisms of downstream cylinder at different spacing ratios are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is one of the major components of biomass. The study on its pyrolysis process will be beneficial to the in-depth understanding of biomass pyrolysis mechanism. In this work, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFT) combined with two-dimensional perturbation correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-PCIS) was first used to characterize the evolution process of the functional groups in cellulose during pyrolysis. The results showed that the degradation of carbon skeleton was prior to the dehydration of free hydroxyls after the destruction of hydrogen bond networks during pyrolysis. The thermal stability of C O in cellulose followed by the order of glycosidic bond

HFO-1336mzz(E) is proposed as a novel alternative to SF6 due to its low greenhouse effect and high insulation strength. Typically, it is mixed with CO2 or Air to lower its boiling point to meet the minimum operating temperature. To better understand the thermophysical properties of the gases' arcing plasma, the composition, thermodynamic properties, transport properties, and net emission coefficient of 30% molar fraction of HFO-1336mzz(E) mixed with CO2 or Air at temperatures from 300 K to 30 000 K at 0.12 MPa are calculated. It is found that HFO-1336mzz(E) mixtures have similar turbulent energy dissipation and thermal interruption capability to the pure SF6. Analysis of radiation characteristics demonstrates that the HFO-1336mzz(E) mixtures at 0.12 MPa exhibit stronger radiation emission compared to SF6 at 0.1 MPa, which indicates good arc radiation dissipation capabilities within such mixtures. This study reports the properties of thermal plasma of HFO-1336mzz(E) mixtures for the first time. These findings not only provide fundamental data for further magneto-hydro-dynamic calculations for arcing process but also put forward the potential application of these mixtures as arc interruption medium in medium voltage switchgears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep20067 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several T cell-boosting anticancer therapies (including anti-CD19 CAR-T cells and bi-specific T cell engagers, BiTEs) have been approved by the FDA for specific clinical indications. Their potency has been demonstrated in various clinical trials, but some life-threatening complications such as neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. Thus, by conducting multifaceted investigations, a better understanding of T cell immunotherapy-associated neurotoxicity to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The shape of the micro-hole has a significant effect on the evolutionary pattern of the shock wave profile. • The concave decahedral holes have a better energy absorption effect. • The inner concave decahedral holes can produce strong impact plasticity when arranged in a positive trigonal arrangement. Brittle structures often fracture under shock wave compression, which will have a constraining effect on their structural design. By introducing and designing suitable three-dimensional micro-hole shapes, the ability of brittle structures to resist impacts can be effectively improved. This paper examines the impact characteristics of the three-dimensional isotropic brittle structure's micro-hole shape and arrangement using the lattice spring model with rotational freedom degrees. The model effectively simulates brittle materials' mechanical properties and fracture characteristics and overcomes the lattice point-spring model's fixed Poisson's ratio limitation. The research results demonstrate that micro-hole shape strongly affects shock wave profile evolution. When arranged in a regular triangular prism, the concave decahedral holes, which have a negative Poisson's ratio, can cause a strong impact deformation and a good energy absorbing effect. This paper's results can provide some ideas for designing brittle structures with the best impact resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the present study, we investigated the role of p38-p38IP signaling in the inflammation-induced promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR, western blot analysis, spheroid modeling and immunohistochemical staining of human HNSCC tissue sections were used.Results: p38 inhibitor treated and p38 shRNA HNSCC cell lines demonstrate a significant upregulation in E-cadherin mRNA and a decrease in the mRNA expression of Snail. p38 binds to and stabilizes p38IP, a subunit of histone SPT3-TAF9-GCN5 acetyltransferase (STAGA), resulting in enhanced transcription of Snail. p38 shRNA HNSCC cell lines show a less invasive phenotype in a spheroid model. In clinical HNSCC samples, p38 interacting protein (p38IP) is significantly increased compared to adjacent normal tissue. An inverse relationship between p38, p38IP and E-cadherin is demonstrated.Conclusions: Herein we provide the first report that p38-p38IP is required for the Snail-induced E-cadherin down-regulation and cell invasion in HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]