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This study borrows elements of film text in the field of film studies to develop the potential of data analysis using AI algorithms, while aiming to explore the emotional and content relevances between the two narrative mediums in film, bullet screens and subtitles, as well as the narrative effect variations that they bring about. The film sample Forever Young was analyzed by deep learning, data analysis, and knowledge discovery algorithms and tools. The BERT model was used to quantify the intensity of emotions and conduct fine-grained emotional classification of film characters. Emotion curves are plotted based on time series data. Thematic words are extracted by the LDA algorithm, and text similarity is computed using Word2Vec. The study found differences in emotional expression between bullet screens and subtitles, and they also exhibit strong emotional and content relevances. Yet, this correlation is not only influenced by temporal deviation factors but also by specific emotional types, different stages of story development, and the collective emotions of online views. The conclusion suggests that the effective collection of plot metronomes in film narratives helps reveal crucial plot nodes and emotional trends in films that cause obvious emotional changes, and placing them appropriately is fundamental for continuously attracting and retaining viewers’ attention. The interaction between bullet comments and subtitles is not only about emotional expression but also enhances the effectiveness of the film narrative. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of database logic and technology in understanding and expressing film emotions and meanings, and providing new ideas and methods for enhancing film narrative effectiveness.

Chlorella contains a variety of polysaccharides with complex composition and structure, which are composed of various monosaccharides such as galactose, rhamnose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, xylose and glucuronic acid. The glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides are diverse, including α-1,6-glucose, β-1,3-galactose, α-1,6-galactose, α-1,3-rhamnose, α-1,2-rhamnose, α-1,5-arabinose, α-1,6-mannose and β-1,4-xylose. Some polysaccharides are modified by methylation, sulfation and acetylation. Meanwhile, many studies have shown that polysaccharides have multiple functions such as immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, antibacterial and intestinal flora-regulatory effects. At present, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopy are mainly used for research on the structure of chlorella polysaccharides such as analysis of monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond types, branch chain substitution positions and branch chain types. This review hopes to provide valuable information for the fine structural analysis and structure-activity relationship study of polysaccharides from Chlorella.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the compositions of peptides from Engraulis japonicus and Glycine max and their immunomodulatory effects on the intestinal mucosa in mice. Methods: The sequences of peptides from E. japonicus and G. max were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) combined with Peaks Online 1.7 software, and the differences in peptide composition were compared. The effects of the two peptides on the mucosal structure, immune factors, immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, and gene expression of factors associated with the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the small intestine of mice with cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression were investigated. Results: The peptide compositions from E. japonicus and G. max were quite different. Only 11% of the peptide sequences were identical between them. Administration of the peptides from E. japonicus and G. max at 300 mg/kg mb for 30 d could significantly increase the spleen index and thymus index, alleviate intestinal mucosal damage, increase the length of intestinal villi and decrease the depth of crypts in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of cyclophosphamide on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-13 was ameliorated, and the secretion of IgA and secretory IgA and the gene expression of TLR-4, TLR-6, TLR-9 and NF-κB were upregulated in the small intestine mucosa. Conclusion: The peptides from E. japonicus and G. max can promote the secretion of immune factors and immunoglobulins in the small intestinal mucosa and alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal mucosal damage and immunosuppression in mice by protecting the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway. Although the average molecular masses, amino acid compositions and polypeptide compositions of the two peptides are different and the protective effect of the peptides from E. japonicu on secretory IgA in the intestinal mucosa is more pronounced than that of the peptides from G. max, there is no significant difference between their efficacy in protecting intestinal mucosal structure and regulating mucosal immunity in mice.

Urban cover-collapse sinkholes pose a significant global challenge due to their destructive impacts. Previous studies have identified groundwater fluctuations, subsurface soil conditions, pipeline leakage, precipitation, and subterranean construction activities as key contributors to these phenomena. However, unique geological settings across different urban environments lead to variations in the primary factors influencing sinkhole formation. This study focuses on Shanghai, a city notable for its extensive urbanization and rich historical context, to explore the dynamics of sinkholes within urbanized areas worldwide. We employ spatial analysis and statistical methods to examine data on sinkholes recorded in the past two decades in Shanghai, correlating these events with the city's shallow sand layer, ground elevation, and proximity to surface water. Our goal is to identify the dominant factors governing sinkhole occurrence in Shanghai and to lay the groundwork for their effective scientific management and prevention. Key findings indicate that most sinkholes in the area are associated with a thin shallow sand layer, low to moderate ground elevations, and the absence of nearby rivers. Additionally, many sinkholes correlate with subterranean voids within the confined aquifer beneath the cohesive soil layer. The lack of historical river channels, obscured by urban development, also indirectly contributes to sinkhole formation. We recommend enhancing urban river management and drainage systems to mitigate potential damage from water accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major function-oriented zoning, a key spatial planning strategy in China, aims to coordinate resource endowments, socio-economic development, and subsequent planning initiatives. However, the existing framework for major function-oriented zoning relies predominantly on socio-economic statistical indicators at the regional level, often neglecting the critical role of carrying capacity. To address this limitation, we assessed both the current state and dynamic trends of the carrying capacity to identify risk and advantageous zones for major functions, with the objective of optimizing major function-oriented zoning in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. Our findings indicate that 47 counties are experiencing significant pressure under the current carrying capacity, while 57 counties exhibit a deteriorating trend in their capacity. Over half of the counties are categorized as having an overloaded carrying capacity. Based on this analysis, 66 counties have been designated as risk zones for major functions. Consequently, the optimization of major function-oriented zoning requires adjustments in 10 counties, incorporating the identified risk and advantageous zones to enhance spatial planning efficacy. This study proposes an enhanced methodological framework for major function-oriented zoning by fully integrating carrying capacity assessments, offering substantial support for territorial spatial planning in China. We believe that these improvements contribute significantly to more resilient and sustainable regional development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a new composite photocatalyst was synthesized by flower-like Bi2O3 and two-dimensional multilayer V2C using a facile hydrothermal method. Compared with the pristine sample, the specific surface area of Bi2O3/V2C MXene composite is significantly increased, which is favourable to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. The analysis of the UV-vis absorption spectrum and band gap energy shows that the construction of heterojunction broadens the light response range, improves the light absorption capacity, and obtains a narrower band gap than any of the single component, which is beneficial to the utilization of light. PL, TPC and EIS analysis revealed that Bi2O3/V2C MXene composite had stronger carrier mobility, which further confirmed that the photocatalytic oxidation performance of the system was the dominant reason in the photocatalytic NO pollutant removal process. This study provides a new idea for better understanding the two-dimensional MXene material-based photocatalyst and improving the NO removal efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus (HGMUE) is reported to be related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study investigated the prevalence of GERD and the use of salivary pepsin to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux, especially proximal reflux, in HGMUE patients. Methods One hundred and fifty-three HGMUE patients and 50 healthy volunteers were studied. All subjects took a reflux symptom index questionnaire (RSI); underwent endoscopy, barium esophagogram, high-resolution manometry (HRM), and 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH-metry (MII-pH); and salivary pepsin test. Results Ninety-five (62.1%) HGMUE patients but no control subjects were diagnosed with GERD. The salivary pepsin concentration, RSI score, DeMeester score, acid exposure time (AET), total reflux episodes, proximal acidic reflux episodes, and proximal weakly acidic reflux episodes were significantly higher in the HGMUE group than in the control group (P  < 0.05). The salivary pepsin test showed a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 56.9% for diagnosing GERD using the optimal cut-off value of 75 ng/mL. One hundred and seven (69.9%) and 46 (30.1%) HGMUE patients were categorized as pepsin (+) and pepsin (−), respectively when 75 ng/mL was used as a cut-off value. Male sex, RSI, AET, and proximal acid reflux episodes were positive predictive factors for the occurrence of pepsin (+) in HGMUE patients. Conclusions GERD, especially GERD with proximal acid reflux and related symptoms, was common in HGMUE patients. The salivary pepsin test could be an additional useful test for testing reflux in HGMUE patients, but it will not replace the MII-pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]