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Tree tensor network states (TTNS) decompose the system wavefunction to the product of low-rank tensors based on the tree topology, serving as the foundation of the multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. In this work, we present an algorithm that automatically constructs the optimal and exact tree tensor network operators (TTNO) for any sum-of-product symbolic quantum operator.The construction is based on the minimum vertex cover of a bipartite graph. With the optimal TTNO, we simulate open quantum systems such as spin relaxation dynamics in the spin-boson model and charge transport in molecular junctions. In these simulations, the environment is treated as discrete modes and its wavefunction is evolved on equal footing with the system. We employ the Cole-Davidson spectral density to model the glassy phonon environment, and incorporate temperature effects via thermo field dynamics. Our results show that the computational cost scales linearly with the number of discretized modes, demonstrating the efficiency of our approach.

We relate the memory kernel in the Nakajima-Zwanzig-Mori time-convolution approach to the reduced system propagator which is often used to obtain the kernel in the Tokuyama-Mori time-convolutionless approach. The connection provides a robust and simple formalism to compute the memory kernel for a generalized system-bath model circumventing the need to compute high order system-bath observables. We illustrate this for a model system with electron-electron and electron-phonon couplings, driven away from equilibrium.

Quantum transport is studied for the nonequilibrium Anderson impurity model at zero temperature employing the multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree theory within the second quantization representation (ML-MCTDH-SQR) of Fock space. To adress both linear and nonlinear conductance in the Kondo regime, two new techniques of the ML-MCTDH-SQR simulation methodology are introduced: (i) the use of correlated initial states, which is achieved by imaginary time propagation of the overall Hamiltonian at zero voltage and (ii) the adoption of the logarithmic discretization of the electronic continuum. Employing the improved methodology, the signature of the Kondo effect is analyzed., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1301.4489, arXiv:1103.4945

Chinese font recognition (CFR) has gained significant attention in recent years. However, due to the sparsity of labeled font samples and the structural complexity of Chinese characters, CFR is still a challenging task. In this paper, a DropRegion method is proposed to generate a large number of stochastic variant font samples whose local regions are selectively disrupted and an inception font network (IFN) with two additional convolutional neural network (CNN) structure elements, i.e., a cascaded cross-channel parametric pooling (CCCP) and global average pooling, is designed. Because the distribution of strokes in a font image is non-stationary, an elastic meshing technique that adaptively constructs a set of local regions with equalized information is developed. Thus, DropRegion is seamlessly embedded in the IFN, which enables end-to-end training; the proposed DropRegion-IFN can be used for high performance CFR. Experimental results have confirmed the effectiveness of our new approach for CFR., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures

The accuracy of the noninteracting electron approximation is examined for a model of vibrationally coupled electron transport in single molecule junction. In the absence of electronic-vibrational coupling, steady state transport in this model is described exactly by Landauer theory. Including coupling, both electronic-vibrational and vibrationally induced electron-electron correlation effects may contribute to the real time quantum dynamics. Using the multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) theory to describe nuclear dynamics exactly while maintaining the noninteracting electron approximation for the electronic dynamics, the correlation effects are analyzed in different physical regimes. It is shown that although the noninteracting electron approximation may be reasonable for describing short time dynamics, it does not give the correct long time limit for certain initial conditions., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.4945, arXiv:1301.4489

The transition from weakly damped coherent motion to localization in the context of the spin-boson model has been the subject of numerous studies with distinct behavior depending on the form of the phonon-bath spectral density, $J\left(\omega\right)\propto\omega^{s}$. Sub-Ohmic ($s<1$) and Ohmic ($s=1$) spectral densities show a clear localization transition at zero temperature and zero bias, while for super-Ohmic ($s>1$) spectral densities this transition disappears. In this work, we consider the influence of the phonon-bath spectral density on the \emph{nonequilibrium} dynamics of a quantum dot with electron-phonon interactions described by the extended Holstein model. Using the reduced density matrix formalism combined with the multi-layer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree approach, we investigate the dynamic response, the time scales for relaxation, as well as the existence of multiple long-lived solutions as the system-bath coupling changes from the sub- to the super-Ohmic cases. Bistability is shown to diminish for increasing powers of $s$ similar to the spin-boson case. However, the physical mechanism and the dependence on the model parameters such as the typical bath frequency $\omega_{c}$ and the polaron shift $\lambda$ are rather distinct., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

A general form of a many-body Hamiltonian is considered, which includes an interacting fermionic sub-system coupled to non-interacting extended fermionic and bosonic systems. We show that the exact dynamics of the extended bosonic system can be derived from the reduced density matrix of the sub-system alone, despite the fact that the latter contains information about the sub-system only. The advantage of the formalism is immediately clear: While the reduced density matrix of the sub-system is readily available, the formalism offers access to observables contained in the full density matrix, which is often difficult to obtain. As an example, we consider an extended Holstein model and study the nonequilibrium dynamics of the, so called, "reaction mode" for different model parameters. The effects of the phonon frequency, the strength of the electron-phonon couplings, and the source-drain bias voltage on the phonon dynamics across the bistability are discussed., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

The nonequilibrium dynamics of a quantum dot with electron-phonon interactions described by a generalized Holstein model is presented. A combination of methodologies including the reduced density matrix formalism, the multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method, and a time-dependent nonequilibrium Green function approach, is used to explore the transient behavior on multiple timescales as the system approaches steady-state. The dot population dynamics on short to intermediate times is governed by the dot-lead hybridization parameter ($\Gamma$) and by the typical phonon frequency ($\omega_{c}$) and depends on the location of the energy level of the dot relative to the bias window. At longer times, the dynamics show a distinct behavior depending on whether the system is in the adiabatic or non-adiabatic regime, with a quantum dot occupation that may depend on the initial preparation of the phonons degrees of freedom. A "phase" diagram of this localization effect as a function of the polaron shift ($\lambda$) for various phonon frequencies is derived, suggesting the existence of bistability on experimentally observable timescales., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures