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For the moisture gathering pipelines using corrosion inhibitor pre-coat to control internal corrosion, pigging must be carried out before periodic coating, so the determination of pigging period depends on failure rate of pipe in wall' s corrosion inhibitor film. The coating frequency and pigging period directly affect the economy and safety of operation , so the research on the rules of corrosion inhibitor coating failure has an important guiding role on the economy and safety of operation in the process of pipeline production. A evaluation testing system was developed to study on the failure laws of coorosion inhibitor. Under the condition of the indoor annular pipeline simulating the field conditions, the thickness measuring device for oil-soluble corrosion inhibitor pre-coat film was used to study on the changing rule of precoat film thickness with blowing time, the results show that the thickness of corrosion inhibitor film decreases dramaticaHy at the beginning of blowing, then there is a little change in the remaining time. When the variation of film thickness is not obvious, electrochemical workstation is used to test the anticorrosive effect of coorosion inhibitor film, and the results show that coorosion inhibitor film resistance and the charge transfer resistance decreases with the increase of shear time, and the preservative effect of corrosion inhibitor declines. Then the system of evaluation testing can provide theoretical basis for coorosion inhibitor failure in moisture pipelines waU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhenwu Decoction(ZWD) has a history of more than 1 800 years in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which is used to treat various diseases characterized by Yangqi deficiency and exuberant water and dampness. It is currently the classic prescription for the treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF). This study provides a basis for the treatment of CHF with ZWD by elaborating the traditional efficacy, theoretical basis, and underlying mechanism of the prescription. Based on the research methods and judgment basis of quality markers(Q-markers) of Chinese medicine, the Q-markers of ZWD in the treatment of CHF were predicted from the aspects of transfer and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, compatibility environment, measurability, and processing. Demethyl-coclaurine,benzoylaconine, atractylenolide Ⅲ, paeoniflorin, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, pachymic acid, and dehydrotumulosic acid can be used as Q-markers of ZWD for treating CHF. The result provides a reference for exploring the pharmacodynamic substances of ZWD in the treatment of CHF.

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) constitutes a major global public health threat, causing substantial disease burdens such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, thus representing high unmet medical needs. Currently available therapies are safe, well tolerated, and highly effective in decreasing viremia and improving measured clinical outcomes with low rates of antiviral resistance. However, long-term management remains a clinical challenge, mainly due to the slow kinetics of HBV surface antigen clearance. In this article, we review emerging antivirals directed at novel targets derived from mechanisms of viral cellular entry, viral replication, viral assembly, and the host immune response, leading to preclinical and clinical trials for possible future therapeutic intervention. The recent therapeutic advances in the development of all categories of HBV inhibitors may pave the way for regimens of finite duration that result in long-lasting control of chronic hepatitis B infection.

Aim: To explore a rapid and easy sequencing method for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome and establish a new sequencing method in China., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was combined with a DNA sequencing technique. PCR products were purified by agarose gel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) respectively. Then, in the presence of a 5' labeling PCR primer, purified PCR products were directly sequenced. By this method, HCV NS5b cDNA from two HCV infected individuals (HC-42 and HC-49) were sequenced., Results: PCR directed sequencing worked best using PCR amplified DNA purified by electrophoresis as a sequencing template. When sequencing a large number of templates, the purification step can be bypassed by using a lower concentration of dNTPs (40 μmol of each dNTP) and primers (10 pmol of each primer) in the first stage of PCR. The aliquot of the first stage of PCR mixture was then directly used for amplification of chain terminated products but the sequencing ladders generated were of low intensity. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) could not remove nonspecific products of PCR, which affected the sequencing result to a certain extent and generated a background in sequencing ladders. Compared with the reported HCVJ and HC-C2, a new three nucleotide deletion was found in HC-42., Conclusion: PCR directed sequencing is a rapid, simple and effective method, especially for sequencing large samples. A three nucleotide deletion was first reported.