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Objective To implement and evaluate an online hybrid teaching mode as “rain classroom—directed self-study—scientific research design—home experiment” in the cloud experimental course of medical biochemistry for international students. Methods Research design and home experiments were introduced through revised design of teaching contents to develop a new online hybrid teaching mode. A total of 105 international students majoring in clinical medicine (MBBS, 89 students) and dentistry (BDS, 16 students) were selected to join the online the teaching mode during COVID-19 pandemic. Results Compared with the traditional experimental class, the cloud hybrid teaching model effectively stimulated students' enthusiasm and encouraged their participation in experimental course. Students used the existing teaching and online resources to complete the self-study independently, built capacity of research logical thinking, research methodology and then initiated research design and home experiments. Conclusions The training of research design and home experiments can support online experiment teaching in order to cultivate students' innovative thinking and capacity building of experiment technology, and to improve the teaching effect of online biochemistry experiments.

Objective To develope blending teaching method for inspiring students' interest and autonomy in learning, and improving students' learning outcome. Methods The clinical case guidance method, the combination of PBL (problem based learning) and LBL (lecture based learning), “rain classroom” and mind map summing up method were used in biochemistry lectures. Results Students were able to gradually establish the thinking mode of construction of meaning and integrate the complex knowledge to build up their own knowledge system. Blending teaching method made classroom teaching diversified and enriched to improve students' learning autonomy, which switched the thinking mode from the passive memory model to the active thinking mode of meaning construction. Conclusions The blending teaching method can improve students' learning interest, arouse their attention to the basic medical courses and build solid foundation for clinical medical courses learning.

TS-1 zeolite has outstanding performance in the catalytic reactions with hydrogen peroxide as catalytic promoter. However, the narrow pore size (< 1.0 nm) of traditional TS-1 makes it difficult for bulky organic compounds to contact with the active sites in the pores, which seriously limits application of TS-1. Recently, the introduction of mesoporous structure into microporous TS-1 becomes a hot research topic. Meanwhile, the huge synthesis cost of TS-1 is another main reason hindering its industrial application. In this paper, mesoporous TS-1 was successfully synthesized using sodium silicate as silicon source and titanium trichloride as titanium source under the template conditions of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and cationic polymer. The mesoporous TS-1 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, scanning electric microscopy (SEM), transmitting electric microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Vis Spectrum spectra (UV-Vis). Results show that the synthesized TS-1 zeolites have good crystallinity and tetra-coordinated framework Ti atoms, and there are abundant mesoporous structures in the zeolite crystals. The results of oxidation experiments show that conversion of diphenyl sulfide and dibenzyl sulfide with mesoporous TS-1 are 97.3 % and 85.3 % respectively, while that conversion with microporous TS-1 are 75.7 % and 63.5 respectively.

Abstract Background The ubiquitin-proteasome system and macroautophagy (hereafter referred to autophagy) are two complementary pathways for protein degradation. Emerging evidence suggests that proteasome inhibition might be a promising approach for tumor therapy. Accumulating data suggest that autophagy is activated as a compensatory mechanism upon proteasome activity is impaired. Method Autophagy activation was measured using acridine orange staining and LC3 transition. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Beclin 1 expression vectors or shRNA against Beclin 1 (shBeclin 1) were transfected to investigate the role of Beclin 1 in autophagy activation and cytotoxicity of ovarian cancer cells induced by proteasome inhibitors. Results Proteasome inhibitors suppressed proliferation and induced autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. Neither phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors nor shRNA against Beclin 1 could abolish the formation of acidic vacuoles and the processing of LC3 induced by proteasome inhibitors. Moreover, Beclin 1 overexpression enhanced anti-proliferative effects of proteasome inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions For the first time, the current study demonstrated that proteasome inhibitors induced PI3K and Beclin 1-independent autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, this study revealed autophagy-independent tumor suppressive effects of Beclin 1 in ovarian cancer cells.