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Studies in medicine, bioscience, psychology, sociology, and public health have provided various contextual, individual, and vaccine‐specific explanations for vaccine uptake. However, one significant yet often ignored fact is that vaccination could be viewed as a site of citizen‐state interaction in implementing public vaccination policy. This begs the questions: What barriers create administrative burdens in vaccination? How do the experiences of administrative burdens (i.e., the learning, psychological, and compliance costs in citizen‐state interactions) shape the public's willingness to vaccinate? According to theoretical insights drawn from the extant literature on administrative burden and vaccine uptake, this study uses a conjoint experiment design based on a representative sample of China to reveal the role of administrative burdens in shaping the public's willingness to vaccinate against the monkeypox outbreak, a 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' from July 2022 to May 2023. The experimental results suggest that multiple salient barriers have distinct effects on the respondents' learning, psychological, and compliance costs, thus significantly influencing their vaccine uptake. These findings have important implications for both future research and efforts to promote mass immunization programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a group of RNA transcripts that contribute to tumor development by post-transcriptionally regulating cancer-related genes. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx and is common in North Africa and Southeast Asia. The study investigated the functions of lncRNA TMPO-AS1 in NPC cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as its related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. Methods: Candidate microRNA and genes that may regulated by TMPO-AS1 were predicted with the bioinformatic tool starBase. TMPO-AS1 expression in NPC tissue, cells, nuclear part, and cytoplasmic part was measured by RT-qPCR. MTT assay, EdU assay, and flow cytometry analysis were carried out to evaluate NPC cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to detect the binding between TMPO-AS1 and let-7c-5p or that between let-7c-5p and BCAT1. Results: TMPO-AS1 and BCAT1 showed high expression in NPC tissue and cells, while let-7c-5p was downregulated in NPC. The silencing of TMPO-AS1 suppressed NPC cell proliferation while promoting cell apoptosis. Moreover, TMPO-AS1 interacted with let-7c-5p and negatively regulated let-7c-5p expression. BCAT1 was a target of let-7c-5p and was inversely regulated by let-7c-5p in NPC cells. The repressive impact of TMPO-AS1 knockdown on NPC cell growth was countervailed by overexpressed BCAT1. Conclusion: TMPO-AS1 accelerates NPC cell proliferation and represses cell apoptosis by interacting with let-7c-5p to regulate BCAT1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a globally distributed, extensively used warm‐season turf and forage grass with high tolerance to salinity and drought stress in alkaline environments. However, the origin of the species and genetic mechanisms for salinity tolerance in the species are basically unknown. Accordingly, we set out to study evolution divergence events in the Cynodon genome and to identify genes for salinity tolerance. We developed a 604.0 Mb chromosome‐level polyploid genome sequence for bermudagrass 'A12359' (n = 18). The C. dactylon genome comprises 2 complete sets of homoeologous chromosomes, each with approximately 30 000 genes, and most genes are conserved as syntenic pairs. Phylogenetic study showed that the initial Cynodon species diverged from Oropetium thomaeum approximately 19.7–25.4 million years ago (Mya), the A and B subgenomes of C. dactylon diverged approximately 6.3–9.1 Mya, and the bermudagrass polyploidization event occurred 1.5 Mya on the African continent. Moreover, we identified 82 candidate genes associated with seven agronomic traits using a genome‐wide association study, and three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were strongly associated with three salt resistance genes: RAP2‐2, CNG channels, and F14D7.1. These genes may be associated with enhanced bermudagrass salt tolerance. These bermudagrass genomic resources, when integrated, may provide fundamental insights into evolution of diploid and tetraploid genomes and enhance the efficacy of comparative genomics in studying salt tolerance in Cynodon. Significance Statement: We have successfully sequenced the first heterozygous, tetraploid genome of Cynodon dactylon, a key warm‐season turfgrass and forage crop. Our GWAS analysis has identified genes linked to vital agronomic traits, enhancing our understanding of bermudagrass cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction commonly occurs cesarean section. • Delayed recovery in gastrointestinal function can lead to many complications. • Intravenous dexmedetomidine could accelerate gastrointestinal function recovery. • This method can shorten the postoperative hospital stay and reduce medical costs. Gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section negatively affects postoperative recovery. Dexmedetomidine has been shown to improve postoperative gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery and laparoscopic gastrectomy, but its role in cesarean section has not been fully elucidated. The study aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on gastrointestinal function after cesarean section. 220 pregnant women who underwent elective cesarean section were randomized into group D and group S. Group D patients received a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine for 10 mins followed by a maintenance dose of 0.5 μg/kg/h intravenously immediately after the umbilical cord was cut intraoperatively, whereas the other group (group S) received an equivalent quantity of normal saline as loading and maintenance dose IV by infusion pump. The primary outcome was time to first flatus after surgery (hours). Secondary outcomes included time to first feces and first bowel sounds (hours), incidence rates of postoperative gastrointestinal complications, and the length of postoperative hospital stay (days). Modified intention-to-treat analysis showed that patients in Group D had a significantly shorter time to first flatus (21 [16 to 28.25] vs. 25 [18 to 32.25] h; P = 0.014), time to first feces (45.5 [35.75 to 55.25] vs. 53 [40 to 60] h; P = 0.019), and time to first bowel sounds (P = 0.010), a lower incidence of abdominal distension (21[20.6 %] vs. 36[34.3 %], P = 0.027), shorter length of postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.010) compared to patients in Group S. Intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion reduces the time to first flatus, the incidence of abdominal distension, and shortens the length of hospital stay, promoting gastrointestinal function after cesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skeletal muscles of teleost fish encompass heterogeneous muscle types, termed slow-twitch muscle (SM) and fast-twitch muscle (FM), characterized by distinct morphological, anatomical, histological, biochemical, and physiological attributes, driving different swimming behaviors. Despite the central role of metabolism in regulating skeletal muscle types and functions, comprehensive metabolomics investigations focusing on the metabolic differences between these muscle types are lacking. To reveal the differences in metabolic characteristics between the SM and FM of teleost, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis using Pseudocaranx dentex as a representative model and identified 411 differential metabolites (DFMs), of which 345 exhibited higher contents in SM and 66 in FM. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DFMs were enriched in the metabolic processes of lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, purines, and vitamins, suggesting that there were significant differences between the SM and FM in multiple metabolic pathways, especially in the metabolism of energy substances. Furthermore, an integrative analysis of metabolite contents, enzymatic activity assays, and gene expression levels involved in ATP-PCr phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic oxidative energy systems was performed to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism differences. The results unveiled a set of differential metabolites, enzymes, and genes between the SM and FM, providing compelling molecular evidence of the FM achieving a higher anaerobic energy supply capacity through the ATP-PCr phosphate and glycolysis energy systems, while the SM obtains greater energy supply capacity via aerobic oxidation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the metabolic profiles and related regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscles, thereby expanding the knowledge of metabolic physiology and ecological adaptation in teleost fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current study reported a case with a history of neuroradiculitis. Within 2 months of the COVID‐19 vaccine, critical Guillain‐Barre Syndrome (GBS) appeared after acute diarrhea, progressive myasthenia, and sudden respiratory and cardiac symptoms. Methods: The syndrome was addressed with measures, such as endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation vasoactive drugs. Next, we conducted six cycles of human immunoglobulin treatment (dose of 400 mg/kg·d intravenously for 5 days consecutively) and three times plasma exchange (PE, 30 ml/kg), followed by methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Rehabilitation training was carried out continuously. Results: The consciousness of the patient returned to normal, wherein he carried out normal communication. The muscle strength recovered gradually but still could not stand independently. Presently, he is recovering at home. Conclusions: For patients with previous radiculitis, COVID‐19 vaccination may increase the susceptibility to GBS. Thus, it is recommended to extend the vaccination interval for these patients and ensure that any potential increased risk is continually assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinatin is an active ingredient in licorice, a traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. However, the protective effect and underlying mechanism of echinatin against acute lung injury (ALI) is still unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore echinatin-mediated anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ALI and its molecular mechanisms in macrophages. In vitro, echinatin markedly decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated murine MH-S alveolar macrophages and RAW264.7 macrophages by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Furthermore, echinatin reduced LPS-induced mRNA expression and release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. Western blotting and CETSA showed that echinatin repressed LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways through targeting transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Furthermore, echinatin directly interacted with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to enhance heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. In vivo, echinatin ameliorated LPS-induced lung inflammatory injury, and reduced production of IL-1β and IL-6. These findings demonstrated that echinatin exerted anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, via blocking the TAK1-MAPK/NF-κB pathway and activating the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film mulching and biochar have been applied as effective measures for increasing crop yields in arid and semi‐arid areas for many years. However, the effects of the temporal and spatial distributions of soil hydrothermal properties on crop yields are still unclear under film mulching and biochar addition. Thus, we conducted a field experiment with winter wheat on the Loess Plateau of China for two years (2020–2022) with three treatments: control, film mulching, and biochar. The results demonstrated that film mulching and biochar addition increased the average soil temperature in the 0–50 cm soil depth throughout the whole growth period and the influence depth exceeded 50 cm. Biochar addition only significantly increased soil temperature in the overwintering stage (p < 0.05). Film mulching increased the maximum and minimum temperatures in the 0–50 cm soil depth at seedling stage. Film mulching and biochar increased average ≥10°C accumulated soil temperature by increasing the ≥10°C accumulated soil temperature in the daytime and nighttime, and the number of days with a daily soil temperature ≥10°C during the whole growth period. Film mulching improved soil water storage in the 0–300 cm soil depth in each growth stage during both years, and also increased the wheat grain yield, aboveground biomass, and water use efficiency. Biochar addition increased the wheat grain yield and aboveground biomass of two years compared with control, but the increases were not significant (p > 0.05). In addition, correlation analysis showed that adequate temperatures in the 0–50 cm soil depth during the seedling and overwintering stages, and suitable soil moisture conditions in the 0–300 cm soil depth before sowing, jointing, and filling stages were important factors for increasing wheat grain yields under film mulching. In summary, film mulching mainly regulated the soil temperature in the 0–50 cm soil depth and moisture conditions in the 0–300 cm soil depth during different growth stages to increase grain yields. Film mulching has more obvious effects on moisture regulation, temperature regulation, and yield increases than biochar addition. Some environmentally friendly measures (such as conservation agriculture) with the same yield improving effect as mulching are also recommended to explore and promote in theLoess Plateau region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the increasingly stringent requirements for the applications of light-weight flexible high-temperature-resistant dielectric materials in the fields of aerospace, electronics, and electric vehicles, the imperative lies in the development of dielectric materials with high discharged energy density, enduring temperature resistance and high reliability. This work introduced side-chain trifluoromethyl (–CF3) groups into high-temperature engineering polymer polyimides and conducted comprehensive studies on the breakdown and energy storage capabilities. The introduction of bulky –CF3 substituents reduces the intermolecular interactions, increases the free volume, and suppresses the high-temperature leakage conductance loss by decreasing the formation of intermolecular charge transfer complexes between polymer chains. As a result, the fluorinated polyimides (PFI) with lower dielectric constant exhibit enhanced breakdown strengths (730 MV m−1 at 25 °C; 630 MV m−1 at 150 °C), leading to a high discharged energy density of 3.6 J cm−3 (∼1.7 times of pristine polyimides), alongside a charge-discharge energy efficiency of ∼80% at 150 °C. These findings underscore the great potential of PFI for applications in the field of high-temperature energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment was to study the changes of quality, nutritional index, and microbial content of corn-soybean meal feed after fermentation with different compound probiotics, and to screen the best compound probiotic fermentation agent suitable for corn-soybean meal feed fermentation. The composite probiotics were compounded by Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus and yeast according to different strains and doses. The composite probiotics were inoculated with 5% of compound probiotics, and the water content was 55%. The naturally fermented feed without complex probiotics was used as the control group. Anaerobic fermented feed for 21 days was used as experimental groups, which were divided into fermentation group A (Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus licheniformis: Saccharomyces cerevisiae=2: 2: 1), fermentation group B (Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus licheniformis: yeast JM3=2: 2: 1), fermentation group C (Bacillus subtilis: Lactobacillus: Saccharomyces cerevisiae=2: 2: 1). The feed quality, nutritional index and probiotic content after fermentation were measured. The results showed that the feed color of probiotic fermentation group had little difference, all of which were golden yellow, and the smell was wine or mellow. The feed of the control group showed yellow brown and corn flour flavor. Compared with the control group, the number of probiotics increased significantly (P<0.05), the pH value decreased significantly in the probiotic fermentation groups (P<0.05), and the pH value of fermentation group C was the lowest, which was 3.90. Compared with the control group, the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the probiotic fermentation group decreased, while the concentrations of crude protein, crude ash, fat and starch increased, and the fermentation group C was the best. Compared with the control group, the content of P in the fermentation group C increased significantly (P<0.05), and the metabolizable energy, net energy, net energy of weight gain, and net energy of maintenance increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the total fatty acid content in the probiotic fermentation groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the linoleic acid content and palmitic acid content in the fermentation group C were significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the sensory properties, nutritional indexes, calcium, phosphorus, metabolizable energy, and fatty acid indexes of corn-soybean meal feed fermented by compound probiotics were improved. Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, and Saccharomyces cerevisae have the best fermentation effect on corn-soybean meal feed in a ratio of 2:2:1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • FeCu bimetallic MOFs (FeCuBDC) were prepared by a solvothermal method. • FeCuBDC, H 2 O 2 and light constructed a novel photo-Fenton degradation system. • The synergistic system showed efficient degradation activity of organic pollutants. • High-valence FeCu captures e− and promotes photogenerated charge separation. • Low-valence FeCu decomposes H 2 O 2 and drives the bimetallic valence cycling. The high ion leaching, low photogenerated charge separation efficiency, and slow metal valence cycling of Fe-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have limited their application in the deep treatment of organic pollutants. Herein, FeCu bimetallic MOFs (FeCuBDC) were synthesized using a modified solvothermal method, and a coupled photo-Fenton degradation system was successfully constructed. Degradation performance tests showed that FeCuBDC could efficiently degrade 99.3% ± 0.1% of 50 mg/L phenol within 40 min. The reaction rate constants of the photo-Fenton system were 11.0 and 64.7 times higher than those of the single Fenton reaction and photocatalysis, respectively. FeCuBDC also exhibits good cycling stability, degradation generalization, and excellent photoelectric catalytic properties. Such a considerable enhancement in the overall performance pertains to the following. First, the introduction of Cu into Fe-MOFs not only improves the crystallinity and stability, but also reduces the band gap value, increases the absorption capacity of visible light, and promotes the generation of photogenerated carriers. Second, the FeCu in MOFs are all mixed valence. Initially, the high-valence FeCu captures photogenerated electrons and promotes photogenerated charge separation and transfer. Then, the low-valence FeCu adsorbs and decomposes H 2 O 2 , accelerating the valence cycling of the bimetallic sites. The core of the reaction mechanism is that FeCuBDC effectively promotes the photo-Fenton synergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image recognition is the key to smart logistics systems. Traditional handwriting feature extraction is difficult to meet the requirements of image recognition. Deep learning is used for image recognition. Firstly, convolutional neural network (CNN) and deep Boltzmann machines under deep learning are introduced. Second, cellular neural networks are used to perform feature recognition and extraction on images. Finally, a Parzen classifier is used to classify the obtained image features. The novelty is that through the structural design and research of the intelligent logistics system, the CNN is combined to construct a management system of supply chain logistics of image recognition and information processing. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy time of the proposed improved fusion algorithm on the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology data set is 198.85 s. When the improved algorithm achieves the same recognition accuracy, it takes 159.65 s. The recognition efficiency of the improved algorithm is 19.71% higher than that of the unimproved algorithm. In addition, when the unimproved algorithm reaches the maximum number of iterations, the error rate is 2.47%. The error rate of the improved algorithm is only 0.74%. This study provides a basis for improving the image recognition accuracy and has certain practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybridization of MXene materials and transition metal dichalcogenides has a significant impact on heterojunction properties. The transport properties and electronic structure of heterojunctions of semiconducting MoS2 and metallic MXene Nb2C were studied by integrating density functional theory with non-equilibrium Green's function theory. The hybridization between Nb2C and MoS2 makes the tunneling barrier between the two layers disappear, which can enhance the electron injection efficiency from the Nb2C to the MoS2. Moreover, the Nb2C/MoS2 heterojunction exhibits a conventional n-type Schottky contact with a barrier height of 0.14 eV, which is significantly lower than the barrier height of 0.29 eV at the Ti/MoS2 junction. These factors result in a field-effect transistor with a low contact resistance of 138 Ω· μ m and a higher current of 1.09 mA μ m−1 at a bias voltage of 0.3 V applied between the left and right electrodes. Following the application of gate voltage, the I on/ I off ratio reaches 1266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For dupilumab, real-world long-term follow-up data remain scarce, and studies on optimized treatment modes as well as drug survival rate and its predictors are lacking. To explore the effectiveness of different treatment modes of dupilumab and to understand the drug survival rates of dupilumab in China and its predictive factors. This retrospective study included patients with moderate-to-severe AD who received dupilumab treatment. Their clinical data were collected and analyzed. Compared with baseline, the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), numerical rating scale (NRS), and Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT) scores significantly decreased at 12, 24, and 52 weeks (p < 0.0001), and the continuous medication group had more significant improvements in SCORAD, EASI, NRS, and ADCT scores at 52 weeks than the noncontinuous medication group (p < 0.05). The 6-month and 1-year drug survival rates of dupilumab were 59.7% and 51.9%, respectively. The most common reason for treatment discontinuation was the satisfactory control of AD. Patients with adult-onset AD (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.73) , not complicated by other systemic diseases (adjusted OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04–0.84) and eosinophilia at baseline (adjusted OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 1.12–12.26) had a higher probability of drug discontinuation. In real-world practice in China, dupilumab has exhibited good long-term effectiveness and safety for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD, and continuous administration can benefit patients in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of separating multicomponent micro-Doppler (m-D) signals is common in the field of radar signal processing. In some implementations, it is necessary to separate the multicomponent m-D signal that contains missing samples. To address this issue, an optimization model has been developed to recover and decompose multicomponent m-D signals with missing samples. To solve the underlying optimization problem, a two-algorithm-based alternate iteration framework is proposed. This method uses three techniques—the null space property, ridge regression method, and matching pursuit principle—to estimate the individual component, complex-valued differential operator, and regularization parameter. Finally, as shown by both simulation and measured data processing results, the proposed method can accurately separate the multicomponent m-D signal from incomplete data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petal blotch is a specific flower color pattern commonly found in angiosperm families. In particular, Rosa persica is characterized by dark red blotches at the base of yellow petals. Modern rose cultivars with blotches inherited the blotch trait from R. persica. Therefore, understanding the mechanism for blotch formation is crucial for breeding rose cultivars with various color patterns. In this study, the metabolites and genes responsible for the blotch formation in R. persica were identified for the first time through metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses using LC-MS/MS and RNA-seq. A total of 157 flavonoids were identified, with 7 anthocyanins as the major flavonoids, namely, cyanidin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl) glucoside 5-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin O-rutinoside-O-malonylglucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, and peonidin O-rutinoside-O-malonylglucoside, contributing to pigmentation and color darkening in the blotch parts of R. persica, whereas carotenoids predominantly influenced the color formation of non-blotch parts. Zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin mainly contributed to the yellow color formation of petals at the semi-open and full bloom stages. The expression levels of two 4-coumarate: CoA ligase genes (Rbe014123 and Rbe028518), the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene (Rbe013916), the anthocyanidin synthase gene (Rbe016466), and UDP-flavonoid glucosyltransferase gene (Rbe026328) indicated that they might be the key structural genes affecting the formation and color of petal blotch. Correlation analysis combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further characterized 10 transcription factors (TFs). These TFs might participate in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in the blotch parts of petals by modulating one or more structural genes. Our results elucidate the compounds and molecular mechanisms underlying petal blotch formation in R. persica and provide valuable candidate genes for the future genetic improvement of rose cultivars with novel flower color patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B cell-targeted cancer vaccines are receiving increasing attention in immunotherapy due to the combined antibody-secreting and antigen-presenting functions. In this study, we propose a natural IgM-hitchhiking delivery strategy to co-deliver tumor antigens and adjuvants to splenic marginal zone B (MZB) cells. We constructed nanovaccines (FA-sLip/OVA/MPLA) consisting of classical folic acid (FA)-conjugated liposomes co-loaded with ovalbumin (OVA) and toll-like receptor 4 agonists, MPLA. We found that natural IgM absorption could be manipulated at the bio-nano interface on FA-sLip/OVA/MPLA, enabling targeted delivery to splenic MZB cells. Systemic administration of FA-sLip/OVA/MPLA effectively activated splenic MZB cells via IgM-mediated multiplex pathways, eliciting antigen-specific humoral and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, and ultimately retarding E.G7-OVA tumor growth. In addition, combining FA-sLip/OVA/MPLA immunization with anti-PD-1 treatments showed improved antitumor efficiency. Overall, this natural IgM-hitchhiking delivery strategy holds great promise for efficient, splenic MZB cell-targeted delivery of cancer vaccines in future applications. Splenic MZB cells-selective co-delivery of cancer antigens and TLR4 agonists was realized via a natural IgM-hitchhiking delivery strategy. The nanovaccines could capture natural IgM in the circulation and led to the accumulation in splenic MZB cells, eliciting lasting tumor antigen-specific antibodies production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. [Display omitted] • Proposing a natural IgM-hitchhiking delivery strategy to deliver nanovaccines to splenic MZB cells • Utilizing the combined antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune of splenic MZB cells for cancer immunotherapy • Improving antitumor efficiency through combination with nanovaccines and anti-PD-1 treatments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a zero‐gap flow‐through microfluidic reactor was constructed for the degradation of tetracycline and norfloxacin in water using a porous Ti/RuO2‐IrO2@Pt electrode as the anode and porous titanium plate as the cathode. The operation parameters included electrolyte type, electrolyte concentration, current density, initial concentration of pollutants and pH, were investigated. The degradation efficiency and energy consumption were calculated and compared with traditional electrolyzer. In the zero‐gap flow‐through microfluidic reactor, 100 % of both tetracycline and norfloxacin can be decomposed in 15 min, and high mineralization rate were achieved under the optimized reaction condition. And the reaction was consistent with pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with k value of 0.492 cm−1 and 1.010 cm−1, for tetracycline and norfloxacin, respectively. In addition, the energy consumption was 28.33 kWh ⋅ kg−1 TC and 8.36 kWh ⋅ kg−1 NOR, for tetracycline and norfloxacin, respectively, which was much lower than that of traditional electrolyzer. The LC–MS results showed that tetracycline underwent a series of demethylation, dehydration and deamination reactions, and the norfloxacin went through ring opening reaction, decarboxylation and hydroxylation reaction, and finally both produced CO2 and H2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heihai Lake, a freshwater lake in the area of the East Kunlun Mountains is an accurate monitor of climate-driven hydrological and environmental changes during the past 2000 yr BP. In order to reconstruct the environment in the north Tibetan Plateau, we studied the multi-proxy records from Heihai lake sediments. Major analyses comprise mineral composition (XRD), morphology of minerals (ATEM), geochemical data (XRF), Ostracoda analysis and chronological framework based on AMS14C data. Climate was cold and dry since 1972 yr.BP of the Holocene, which was mainly physical weathering and with a weak chemical weathering. The sedimentary discontinuity happened during 1352 yr.BP and 352 yr.BP, is seen as the size of the lake shrink, which is in consistent with the extremely low temperature and dry climate conditions during the global Glacier Time. From the study, we can conclude that the climate of Tibetan plateau was unstable during the last 2000 years, and extremely cold and dry event happened on Tibetan plateau during the warmer Holocene in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, for 1 < p < ∞, the authors show that the coarse ℓp-Novikov conjecture holds for metric spaces with bounded geometry which are coarsely embeddable into a Banach space with Kasparov-Yu's Property (H). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we study the evolution of the two-qubit system with Ising spin-chain environment by choosing the Lindblad equation to describe this process. First, we expand the Hamiltonian of a two-qubit system with its eigenstates and give the Lindblad equation for the evolution of the two-qubit system with Ising spin-chain as the environment. Compared with directly calculating the differential equation between elements of density matrix, we choose a method to solve the Lindblad equation with a smaller calculation dimension. Finally, by constructing an operator solution with operators, we obtain the dynamics of the two-qubit system with Ising spin-chain environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) is important for the diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU). In this study, we designed a guanidinomethyl‐modified calix[5]arene that can strongly and selectively bind with PPA. Via indicator displacement assay, we set up a calibration line for accurately determining PPA concentration down to the μM range in artificial urine based on the linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and PPA concentration. This work provides a low‐cost, easy‐to‐operate, rapid, and sensitive method for PPA detection, and may offer an alternative for PKU diagnosis in clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The relationship between heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and human ischemic stroke outcome remains unclear, which was investigated in this study. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients admitted within 24 h were enrolled. Serum HO‐1 levels at baseline were measured via ELISA. Poor 3‐month functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 3–6. Multivariable‐adjusted binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to examine association between serum HO‐1 and functional outcome. HO‐1's additive prognostic utility was assessed by net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results: Of 194 eligible patients, 79 (40.7%) developed poor functional outcomes at 3‐month follow‐up. The highest quartile of serum HO‐1 was independently associated with a lower risk of poor functional outcome (adjusted OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.45; p = 0.001) compared with the lowest HO‐1 category. The relationship between higher HO‐1 levels and reduced risk of poor functional outcome was linear and dose responsive (p = 0.002 for linearity). Incorporating HO‐1 into the analysis with conventional factors significantly improved reclassification for poor functional outcomes (NRI = 41.2%, p = 0.004; IDI = 5.0%, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Elevated serum HO‐1 levels at baseline were independently associated with improved 3‐month functional outcomes post‐ischemic stroke. Serum HO‐1 measurement may enhance outcome prediction beyond conventional clinical factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hong Kong oysters (Crassostrea hongkongensis) are an important marine bivalve with nutritional and commercial value. The expanded off-bottom farming scale in recent years makes the oysters more susceptible to exposure to abiotic stresses, such as salinity stress, an important environmental factor that has been proven to have significant effects on oyster growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Cyclin E is an important protein in the process of cell cycle regulation that is indispensable for propelling G1/S phase transition in a dose-dependent manner. In order to investigate whether the salinity stress affects cyclin E expression in oysters, the cDNA sequence of C. hongkongensis cyclin E (Ch-CCNE) was isolated from a gill cDNA library, and the 2.8 kbp length cDNA fragment contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding 440 amino acid residues. Ch-CCNE mRNA was highly expressed in the gonad and low in the adductor mussel, mantle, gill, labial palp, and digestive gland. The recombinant CCNE protein was expressed and purified in a pET32a(+)-CCNE/Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) system via IPTG induction and was used for generating mice anti-Ch-CCNE antiserums. Western blot analysis showed that the CCNE protein in the gill was maintained at low expression levels under either hypo- (5 ppt) or hyper- (35 ppt) salinity, and could be produced at high levels under appropriate salinity during a 10-day exposure period. The immuno-localization indicated that the Ch-CCNE protein was distributed in the nucleus. These results suggested that either hypo- or hyper-salinity stress could inhibit the CCNE expression of Hong Kong oysters and their negative impact on cell division and proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first record of abnormal body coloration in Sebastes koreanus Kim and Lee, 1994, from the Yellow Sea of China, was documented based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding. The two rockfish specimens were collected from the coastal waters of Qingdao, China, and the whole body and all fins of them were red. Of the two red-colored rockfish, there were tiny deep red spots on each fin, 2 red radial stripes behind and below the eyes and 1 large deep red blotch on the opercula, while the similar stripe and spot patterns are also present in the S. koreanus specimens with normal body coloration. The countable characteristics of the two specimens are in the range of the morphometry of S. koreanus. To further clarify the species identity and taxonomic status of the two specimens, DNA barcode analysis was carried out. The genetic distance between the red-colored rockfish and S. koreanus was 0, and the minimum net genetic distances between the red-colored rockfish and other Sebastes species except for S. koreanus were 3.0%, which exceeds the threshold of species delimitation. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the DNA barcoding sequences of the two red-colored rockfish clustered with the S. koreanus sequences. The above results of DNA barcode analysis also support that the two red-colored rockfish could be identified as the species of S. koreanus. The mechanism of color variation in S. koreanus is desirable for further research and the species could be an ideal model to study the color-driven speciation of the rockfishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of air combat, autonomous decision-making in regard to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has emerged as a critical force. However, prevailing autonomous decision-making algorithms in this domain predominantly rely on rule-based methods, proving challenging to design and implement optimal solutions in complex multi-UAV combat environments. This paper proposes a novel approach to multi-UAV air combat decision-making utilizing hierarchical reinforcement learning. First, a hierarchical decision-making network is designed based on tactical action types to streamline the complexity of the maneuver decision-making space. Second, the high-quality combat experience gained from training is decomposed, with the aim of augmenting the quantity of valuable experiences and alleviating the intricacies of strategy learning. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is validated using the advanced UAV simulation platform JSBSim. Through comparisons with various baseline algorithms, our experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in both even and disadvantaged air combat environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue light promotes primordium differentiation and fruiting body formation of mushroom. However, the blue light response mechanism of mushroom remains unclear. In this study, mycelium of Flammulina filiformis was exposed to blue light, red light and dark conditions, and then the comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis was applied to explore metabolic regulation mechanism of F. filiformis under blue light and red light conditions. The yield of the fruiting body of F. filiformis under blue light condition was much higher than that under dark and red light conditions. Metabolome analysis showed that blue light treatment reduced the concentrations of many low molecular weight carbohydrates in the pilei, but it promoted the accumulation of some low molecular weight carbohydrates in the stipes. Blue light also decreased the accumulation of organic acids in the stipes. Blue light treatment reduced the levels of tyrosine and tryptophan in the stipes, but it largely promoted the accumulation of lysine in this organ. In the stipes of F. filiformis, blue light shifted metabolite flow to synthesis of lysine and carbohydrates through inhibiting the accumulation of aromatic amino acids and organic acids, thereby enhancing its nutritional and medicinal values. The transcriptome analysis displayed that blue light enhanced accumulation of lysine in fruiting body of F. filiformis through downregulation of lysine methyltransferase gene and L-lysine 6-monooxygenase gene. Additionally, in the stipes, blue light upregulated many hydrolase genes to improve the ability of the stipe to biodegrade the medium and elevated the growth rate of the fruiting body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Powdery mildew resistance gene PmXNM, originated from the Chinese wheat landrace Xiaonanmai, was delimited to a 300.7-kb interval enriched with resistance genes. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a globally devastating disease threatening the yield and quality of wheat worldwide. The use of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes from wheat landraces is an effective strategy to prevent this pathogen. Chinese wheat landrace Xiaonanmai (XNM) was immune to 23 tested Bgt isolates at the seedling stage. The F1, F2, and F2:4 progenies derived from the cross between XNM and Chinese Spring (CS) were used in this study. Genetic analysis revealed that powdery mildew resistance in XNM was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated PmXNM. Bulked segregant analysis and molecular mapping delimited PmXNM to the distal terminal region of chromosome 4AL flanked by markers caps213923 and kasp511718. The region carrying the PmXNM locus was approximately 300.7 kb and contained nine high-confidence genes according to the reference genome sequence of CS. Five of these genes, annotated as disease resistance RPP13-like proteins 1, were clustered in the target region. Haplotype analysis using the candidate gene-specific markers indicated that the majority of 267 common wheat accessions (75.3%) exhibited extensive gene losses at the PmXNM locus, as confirmed by aligning the targeted genome sequences of CS with those of other sequenced wheat cultivars. Seven candidate gene-specific markers have proven effective for marker-assisted introgression of PmXNM into modern elite cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishes' skeletal muscles are crucial for swimming and are differentiated into slow-twitch muscles (SM) and fast-twitch muscles (FM) based on physiological and metabolic properties. Consequently, mitochondrial characteristics (number and morphology) adapt to each fiber type's specific functional needs. However, the mechanisms governing mitochondrial adaptation to the specific bioenergetic requirements of each fiber type in teleosts remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the mitochondrial differences and mitochondrial homeostasis status (including biogenesis, autophagy, fission, and fusion) between SM and FM in teleosts using Takifugu rubripes as a representative model. Our findings reveal that SM mitochondria are more numerous and larger compared to FM. To adapt to the increased mitochondrial number and size, SM exhibit elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics (fission/fusion), yet show no differences in mitochondrial autophagy. Our study provides insights into the adaptive mechanisms shaping mitochondrial characteristics in teleost muscles. The abundance and elongation of mitochondria in SM are maintained through elevated mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and fission, suggesting an adaptive response to fulfill the bioenergetic demands of SM that rely extensively on OXPHOS in teleosts. Our findings enhance our understanding of mitochondrial adaptations in diverse muscle types among teleosts and shed light on the evolutionary strategies of bioenergetics in fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINC00092 is poorly expressed in Thyroid cancer (TC), while its role in TC tumorigenesis is still elusive. This study aimed to reveal the role and regulatory mechanism of LINC00092 in TC. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assays were employed to ascertain the relationships among lipoma preferred partner (LPP), miR-542-3p, and LINC00092. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to detect their expression levels in TC. LPP protein productions were evaluated via western blotting. CCK-8, transwell, and colony formation assays were done to estimate TC cells' biological functions. A murine xenograft model was built to observe tumor formation in vivo. LINC00092 overexpression decreased the expression levels of miR-542-3p, and LPP was targeted by miR-542-3p. In TC cells and tissues, the elevation of miR-542-3p, and low amounts of LINC00092 and LPP can be observed. Both LINC00092 and SPAG6 were considered as the antineoplastic factors in TC since their overexpression dramatically repressed TC cells' invasive and proliferative potentials, while miR-542-3p exerted the opposite functions in TC. The ectopic expression of LINC00092 also suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In addition, it revealed that miR-542-3p upregulation reversed LINC00092 overexpression-mediated effects on TC cells. At the same time, the enhanced influences of TC cells caused by miR-542-3p upregulation could be attenuated by the enforced LPP. This study innovatively reveals that LINC00092 acts as an antineoplastic lncRNA to restrain the development of TC via regulating miR-542-3p/LPP. The findings of this study may provide a prospective drug target on LINC00092/miR-542-3p/LPP axis for the treatment of TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a highly efficient peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator, ZnO/ZnMn2O4, was synthesized using a simple one‐step hydrothermal method. The resulting bimetallic oxide catalyst demonstrated a homogenous and high‐purity composition, showcasing synergistic catalytic activity in activating PMS for degrading 2, 4‐dichlorophenol (2, 4‐DCP) in aqueous solution. This catalytic performance surpassed that of individual ZnO, Mn2O3, and ZnMn2O4 metal materials. Under the optimized conditions, the removal efficiency of 2, 4‐DCP reached approximately 86% within 60 min, and the catalytic ability remained almost constant even after four cycles of recycling. The developed degradation system proved effective in degrading other azo‐dye pollutants. Certain inorganic anions such as HPO4−, HCO3−, and NO3− significantly inhibited the degradation of 2, 4‐DCP, while Cl− and SO42− did not exhibit such interference. Results from electrochemical experiments indicated that the electron transfer ability of ZnO/ZnMn2O4 surpassed that of individual metals, and electron transfer occurred between ZnO/ZnMn2O4 and the oxidant. The primary active radicals responsible for degrading 2, 4‐DCP were identified as SO4•−, OH• and O2•−, generated through the oxidation and reduction of PMS catalyzed by Zn (II) and Mn (III). Furthermore, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the fresh and used catalysts revealed that the exceptional electron transfer ability of ZnO facilitated the valence transfer of Mn (III) and the transfer of electrons to the catalyst's oxygen surface, thus enhancing the catalytic efficiency. The analysis of radicals and intermediates indicates that the two main pathways for degrading 2, 4‐DCP involve hydroxylation and radical attack on its aromatic ring. Practitioner Points: A bimetallic ZnO/ZnMn2O4 catalyst was synthesized and characterized.ZnO/ZnMn2O4 can synergistically activate PMS to degrade 2, 4‐DCP compared with single metal oxide.Three primary active radicals, O2•−, •OH, and SO4•−, were generated to promote the degradation.ZnO promoted electron transfer among the three species of Mn to facilitate oxidizing pollutants.Hydroxylation and radical attack on the aromatic ring of 2, 4‐DCP are the two degradation pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This review provides guidance and ideas for researchers through a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the present state, trends, and hotspots in the pediatric fracture literature over the past 6 years. Methods: We used Citespace 6.1.R6 software to explore the country/region distribution, institutions, journals, keyword analysis, and co-cited references of the literature from Web of Science core database. Results: There are 6472 pieces of pediatric fracture–related literature, including 2962 from 2017 to 2019 and 3510 from 2020 to 2022. The country with the most papers is the United States, and US institutions and journals also have a pivotal position in this field. Research hotspots for pediatric fractures in 2017–2019: The topic with the most attention is bone mineral density leading to related bone diseases. Treatment for pediatric fractures, including supracondylar humeral fractures, Monteggia fractures, forearm fractures, knee fractures, and ankle fractures in children, is another topic of greater interest. Brain injuries and dental injuries in children due to abuse and trauma are also concerning issues. Research hotspots for pediatric fractures in 2020–2022: comparison with 2017–2019 revealed a relative decrease regarding ankle-related epiphyseal injuries, but there is a higher focus on the epidemiology of fractures in children, risk factors, and reasons for childhood trauma. We have confirmed through literature co-citations that the literature of high interest is also in these aspects. Conclusion: Researchers and clinicians can quickly learn about topics of interest through authoritative journals and highly cited literature and rapidly master the current status and frontiers of the field through study, providing ideas for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (CsFAMA) has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for future high-efficiency solar cells. Ferroelectricity has been recognized as a critical issue in perovskite photovoltaics, although its existence and influence on photovoltaic performance remain controversial. We verify the ferroelectric polarization and reveal that it can suppress local photocurrent in CsFAMA through photoconductive atomic force microscopy (pc-AFM) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The time evolution of pc-AFM and PFM mappings first demonstrates that the photocurrents decreased with increasing electromechanical responses. Systematic characterization based on the first and second harmonic pointwise measurement as well as mappings shows that piezoelectricity primarily contributes to the measured electromechanical responses, while the ionic activity takes a back seat. Clear hysteresis loops and relaxation behaviors further confirm that the piezoresponse originates from ferroelectric polarization. Finally, based on temperature-dependent studies, we conclude that it is the ferroelectric polarization that weakens local photocurrent. This work provides insights into optimizing the photovoltaic performance of triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most harmful pests of maize in Asia. It poses a significant threat to maize production, causing economic losses due to its strong ecological adaptation. In this study, we compared and analyzed the hemolymph proteome between freezing and resistance-freezing O. furnacalis strains using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to gain insights into the mechanisms of cold resistance. The results revealed that 300–400 hemolymph protein spots were common, with 24 spots showing differences between the two strains. Spectrometry analysis revealed 21 protein spots, including 17 upregulated spots and 4 downregulated ones. The expression of upregulation/downregulation proteins plays a crucial role in the metabolism, energy supply, and defense reaction of insects. Proteomics research not only provides a method for investigating protein expression patterns but also identifies numerous attractive candidates for further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NIR‐II fluorescence imaging–guided photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely investigated due to its great application potential in tumor theranostics. PTT is an effective and non‐invasive tumor treatment method that can adapt to tumor hypoxia; nevertheless, simple and effective strategies are still desired to develop new materials with excellent PTT properties to meet clinical requirements. In this work, we developed a bromine‐substitution strategy to enhance the PTT of A‐D‐A'‐D‐A π‐conjugated molecules. The experimental results reveal that bromine substitution can notably enhance the absorptivity (ϵ) and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of the π‐conjugated molecules, resulting in the brominated molecules generating two times more heat (ϵ808 nm×PCE) than their unsubstituted counterpart. We disclose that the enhanced photothermal properties of bromine‐substituted π‐conjugated molecules are a combined outcome of the heavy‐atom effect, enhanced ICT effect, and more intense bromine‐mediate intermolecular π–π stacking. Finally, the NIR‐II tumor imaging capability and efficient PTT tumor ablation of the brominated π‐conjugated materials demonstrate that bromine substitution is a promising strategy for developing future high‐performance NIR‐II imaging‐guided PTT agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the dynamical processes of quantum coherence and correlations for two central qubits system coupled with a transverse Ising spin chain. Suppose the initial state of quantum system is the Werner state and the initial state of environment is the ground state of spin chain, and the corresponding time evolution operator, decoherence factor and reduced density matrix are given. We deduce the analytical expressions of evolution of quantum coherence, entanglement and quantum discord. We find that when the spin chain undergoes quantum phase transition (QPT), the entanglement vanished at time t=tc, and the coherence and discord vanished when the decoherence factor decayed to zero. Besides, we also find that the environmental scale N, coupling strength g and parameter P of Werner state do not change the evolution rules of quantum correlation, but accelerate their decay rate with these parameters’ increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intensity-demodulated fiber-optic magnetometer is proposed and experimentally investigated, which is fabricated via fusion splicing a segment of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) between single-mode fibers (SMFs), with the cladding air holes of PCF filled with magnetic fluid. Using the magneto-optical properties of the magnetic fluid, the transmission spectrum is changed with an external magnetic field. Based on the intensity variations in the transmission spectrum, the magnetic field is detected, and a sensitivity of 0.238 dB/mT is obtained at 1550.03 nm with the length of PCF 5.5 cm. By converting light signals into electrical signals, a sensitivity of 0.003 V/mT is achieved. The fiber-optic magnetometer possesses the advantages of simple fabrication, compact/robust structure, and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering global economic and environmental –benefits, green renewable biofuels such as ethanol and butanol are considered as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Thus, developing a co-culture strategy for ethanol and butanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium beijerinckii has emerged as a promising approach for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. This study developed a co-culture of S. cerevisiae and C. beijerinckii for ethanol and butanol production from non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate. By firstly inoculating 3 % S. cerevisiae and then 7 % C. beijerinckii with 8–10 h time intervals, the optimized co-culture process gave 24.0 g/L ABE (20.8 g/L ethanol and 2.4 g/L butanol), obtaining ABE yield and productivity of 0.421 g/g and 0.55 g/L/h. The demonstrated co-culture strategy made full use of hexose and pentose in hydrolysate and contributed to total yield and efficiency compared to conventional ethanol or ABE fermentation, indicating its great potential for developing economically feasible and sustainable bioalcohols production. • Co-culture by yeast and clostridia was developed using non-detoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysate. • Lignocellulosic sugars were made full use of for ethanol and butanol production with high yield. • Inoculating yeast first helped to metabolize dissolved oxygen and acidic inhibitors in hydrolysates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetric electrosynthesis provides an efficient and controllable route for chiral synthesis. In comparison to traditional symmetric synthesis methods, asymmetric electrosynthesis typically operates under milder conditions, reducing waste generation and energy consumption. This aligns with the current trend in green chemistry, contributing to the development of environmentally friendly synthetic pathways. Apart from reactions initiated with chiral substrates, introducing appropriate chiral factors during the electrochemical process is crucial. In this context, chiral electrodes have garnered significant attention due to their advantages such as high catalytic activity, enantioselectivity, and reusability. This concept aims to introduce the preparation of three main types of chiral electrodes over the past decade, including chiral modified electrodes, chiral immobilized electrodes and chiral imprinted electrodes, and their applications in asymmetric electrosynthesis. The article provides insights into the current state of the field and outlines prospects for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial fermented feed (MF) is considered a valuable strategy to bring advantages to livestock and is widely practiced. Oral supplementation of Ginseng polysaccharide (Gps) eliminated weight loss in chickens following vaccination. This study investigated the effects of the combined use of Gps and MF on growth performance and immune indices in Xuefeng black-bone chickens. A total of 400 Xuefeng black-bone chickens at the age of 1 day were randomly assigned to four groups. Normal feed group (Control group), ginseng polysaccharide (200 mg/kg) group (Gps group), microbially fermented feed (completely replace the normal feed) group (MF group), and microbially fermented feed and add ginseng polysaccharide just before use (MF + Gps group). Each group contained 5 pens per treatment and 20 birds per pen. The body weight and average daily gain in the Gps, MF, and MF + Gps groups increased significantly (P < 0.01), while the feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The combined use of MF and Gps showed a synergistic effect. There was no significant difference in villus height (cecal) between the experimental group and the Con group. The crypt depth of the three experimental groups exhibited a significantly lower value compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). The V/C ratio of the Gps group and MF + Gps was significantly increased (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the MF group. Moreover, the diarrhea rate of the Gps and the MF + Gps groups was lower than that of the Con group, while that of the MF + Gps group decreased the mortality rate (P < 0.05). The serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in the MF, Gps, and MF + Gps groups decreased significantly (P < 0.01), the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased significantly (P < 0.01), while the combination of MF and Gps had a synergistic effect. The combined use of Gps and MF not only further improved growth performance and immune parameters, but also reduced the diarrhea rate and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MFI zeolite is one of the most attractive molecular sieve materials for selective adsorption and separation of C4 hydrocarbon isomers. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the correlation between the channel structure, adsorption thermodynamics, and kinetic behavior of butane isomers. The results of single component and binary competitive adsorption isotherms of n-butane/i-butane at 273 K, 303 K, 343 K, and 373 K showed excellent low pressure loading and adsorption selectivity for n-butane on MFI zeolite. Density distribution maps and Radial Distribution Function data revealed different preferential adsorption sites for n-butane and i-butane molecules in MFI zeolite. Because of van der Waals repulsion, the adsorption energy of i-butane is less than that of n-butane, making i-butane less apt to be adsorbed in the sinusoidal and straight channels but preferentially in the cross channel of MFI zeolite. Additionally, the mean square displacement and the calculated diffusion coefficient showed that the diffusion rate of n-butane is faster than that of i-butane by more than two orders of magnitude. These findings clarify the molecular mechanism of selective adsorption and separation of n-butane/i-butane on rationally designed MFI zeolite-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Gut microbiota is diverse and complex and is a key environmental factor affecting the immune homeostasis of the host. The results showed significant differences in gut microbiota community structures between semi-free-range and captive red-crowned cranes. Comparing the differences in gut microbiota function and composition of captive and semi-free-range red-crowned cranes is critical for conservation management and policy making, as well as the projects focusing on the release of captive red-crowned cranes into the wild. The wild populations of red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) in west China are gradually decreasing, necessitating the optimization of reintroduction measures. This study used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to compare the gut microbiota communities of cranes living in two modes (captive and semi-free-range) before their reintroduction in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that Proteobacteria (74.39%) and Firmicutes (25.29%) were the dominant gut bacterial phyla inhabiting these cranes. Significant differences were found in the gut microbiota community composition between semi-free-range and captive cranes (p < 0.01). Psychrobacter, Sporosarcina, and Lactococcus were significantly enriched in captive cranes (p < 0.05), while Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Lysobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae_Pseudomonas were more abundant in semi-free-range cranes (p < 0.05). The functions and community structure of gut microbiota were affected by feeding patterns (p < 0.05). The metabolic pathways of ethylbenzene degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, betalain biosynthesis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and shigellosis were up-regulated in semi-free-range cranes (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP has attracted more attention in recent years, due to its association with more severe disease and reduced steroid responsiveness. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has been found to modulate neutrophils infiltration in other neutrophilic inflammation including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. The aim was to evaluate the expression and regulator role of LCN2 in neutrophilic inflammation in CRSwNP, and its role as a potential biomarker predicting non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (neCRSwNP). Bioinformatic analysis, immunostainings, real-time PCR and ELISA were used to analyze the expression and location of LCN2 in nasal tissues. The expression of proinflammatory mediators were assessed in nasal tissues and secretions. LCN2 production in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and neutrophils, as well as its role in neutrophilic inflammation was evaluated by in vitro experiments. LCN2 was mainly located in neutrophils and HNECs of nasal polyps. LCN2 expression was also significantly higher in the polyp tissue and nasal secretions from patients with neCRSwNP. The LCN2 levels were positively correlated with type 3 inflammation markers, including G-CSF, IL-8, and IL-17. LCN2 expression could be upregulated by IL-17 A and TNF-α in HNECs, and LCN2 could also promote the expression of IL-8 in dispersed polyp cells and HNECs. LCN2 could serve as a novel biomarker predicting patients with neCRSwNP, and the increased expression of LCN2 may participate in the pathogenesis of neCRSwNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncovering the mechanisms that lead to Amazon forest resilience variations is crucial to predict the impact of future climatic and anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we apply a previously used empirical resilience metrics, lag‐1 month temporal autocorrelation (TAC), to vegetation optical depth data in C‐band (a good proxy of the whole canopy water content) in order to explore how forest resilience variations are impacted by human disturbances and environmental drivers in the Brazilian Amazon. We found that human disturbances significantly increase the risk of critical transitions, and that the median TAC value is ~2.4 times higher in human‐disturbed forests than that in intact forests, suggesting a much lower resilience in disturbed forests. Additionally, human‐disturbed forests are less resilient to land surface heat stress and atmospheric water stress than intact forests. Among human‐disturbed forests, forests with a more closed and thicker canopy structure, which is linked to a higher forest cover and a lower disturbance fraction, are comparably more resilient. These results further emphasize the urgent need to limit deforestation and degradation through policy intervention to maintain the resilience of the Amazon rainforests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta‐analytic research delves into the influence of expertise on cognitive interpreting, emphasizing time efficiency, accuracy, and cognitive effort, in alignment with prevailing expertise theories that link professional development and cognitive efficiency. The study assimilates empirical data from 18 eye‐tracking studies conducted over the past four decades, encompassing a sample of 1581 interpreters. The objective is to elucidate the role of expertise in interpretative performance while tracing the evolution of these dynamics over time. Findings suggest that expert interpreters outperform novices in time efficiency and accuracy and exhibit lower cognitive effort, especially in sight and consecutive interpreting. This effect is particularly pronounced in the English‐Chinese language pair and with the use of E‐prime and Tobii eye‐tracking systems. Further, fixation count and pupil size are essential metrics impacting cognitive effort. These findings have vital implications for interpreter training programs, suggesting a focus on expertise development to enhance efficiency and accuracy, reduce cognitive load, and emphasize the importance of sight interpreting as a foundational skill. The selection of technology and understanding of specific ocular metrics also emerged as essential for future research and practical applications in the interpreting industry. This article is categorized under:Psychology > Theory and MethodsLinguistics > Cognitive [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5-Aminovaleric acid (5-AVA), 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV), copolymer P(3HB- co -5HV) of 3 -hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 5HV were produced from L-lysine as a substrate by recombinant Halomonas bluephagenesis constructed based on codon optimization, deletions of competitive pathway and L-lysine export protein, and three copies of davBA genes encoding L-lysine monooxygenase (DavB) and 5-aminovaleramide amidohydrolase (DavA) inserted into its genome to form H. bluephagenesis YF117Δ gabT 1+2 , which produced 16.4 g L−1 and 67.4 g L−1 5-AVA in flask cultures and in 7 L bioreactor, respectively. It was able to de novo synthesize 5-AVA from glucose by L-lysine-overproducing H. bluephagenesis TD226. Corn steep liquor was used instead of yeast extract for cost reduction during the 5-AVA production. Using promoter engineering based on P porin mutant library for downstream genes, H. bluephagenesis YF117 harboring pSEVA341-P porin 42 - yqhD EC produced 6 g L−1 5HV in shake flask growth , while H. bluephagenesis YF117 harboring pSEVA341-P porin 42 - yqhD EC -P porin 278 - phaC RE -abfT synthesized 42 wt% P(3HB- co -4.8 mol% 5HV) under the same condition. Thus, H. bluephagenesis was successfully engineered to produce 5-AVA and 5HV in supernatant and intracellular P(3HB- co -5HV) utilizing L-lysine as the substrate. [Display omitted] • 5-Aminovaleric acid (5-AVA), 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV), and P(3HB- co -5HV) were produced by Halomonas bluephagenesis. • The engineered strain YF117Δ gabT 1+2 , produced 16.4and 67.4 g L−1 5-AVA in flask cultures and in 7 L bioreactor, respectively. • It was able to de novo synthesize around 600 mg L−1 5-AVA from glucose by L-lysine- overproducing H. bluephagenesis TD226. • H. bluephagenesis YF117 harboring pSEVA341-P porin 42 - yqhD EC produced 6 g L−1 5HV in shake flasks. • YF117 harboring pSEVA341-P porin 42 - yqhD EC -P porin 278 - phaC RE - abfT synthesized 42 wt% P(3HB- co -4.8 mol% 5HV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted wide attention due to its less susceptibility to drug resistance, broad‐spectrum biocidal activity and biosafety in normal tissues. However, the traditional photosensitizers (PSs) face the disadvantage of poor therapeutic efficacy due to the requirement of an aerobic environment to generate 1O2 through Type ІI pathway. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel cationic conjugated oligomer oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) and studied its antibacterial photodynamic activity against both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Importantly, the OPV can rapidly produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through double pathways, Type I and II mechanism under white light irradiation, and efficiently kill E. coli and MRSA at a nanomolar level. The dual type photosensitizing capability makes OPV promising for enhanced PDT to treat pathogens and tumors in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, it is known that when there is clay in concrete, polycarboxylates (PCE) will preferably adsorb in the clay, so that PCE cannot be fully combined with cement particles, which reduces the workability of the cement slurry. In this paper, a new type of maltitol–ammonium salt cationic (KN-lm) sacrificial agent (SA) has been successfully developed via a simple method, which makes PCE easier to bond with cement particles in the cement slurry containing clay. The effect of KN-lm on the fluidity of clay-containing cement paste is studied, and the experimental results show that KN-lm, as an efficient SA of cement slurry, makes PCE more compatible with clay-containing cement slurry, and increases the initial fluidity of cement slurry by about 19%. Further investigations of TOC, XRD, and zeta potential measurements reveal that a KN-lm ion is only preferably adsorbed into clay compared to PCE through electrostatic adsorption but without having any crystal structure change, thus resulting in good dispersion of cement particles. The addition of KN-lm plays an important role in hindering the hydration expansion of the clay by preferential electrostatic adsorption, which means PCE cannot easily insert into the interlayer of the clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]