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The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China in December 2018 and has since spread quickly countrywide. Two sympatric biotype strains of FAW, rice-strain and corn-strain, have been classified and showed to have different susceptibilities to chemical insecticides. Present FAW control has primarily relied on insecticides, which resulted in a rapid evolution of the resistance to insecticides in FAW. Herein, sixteen geographical populations of FAW were collected annually from maize fields in China between 2019 and 2021, both Tpi genotyping (n = 3079) and feeding preference bioassay (n = 2892) showed Chinese FAW were predominantly the corn-strain. Resistance monitoring revealed that FAW had not evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole since it invaded China with RRs of 0.32–2.32 and a very low mutation frequency RyR of 0.14%. Most FAW populations were susceptible to emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin and acephate. However, low resistance levels (5 < RR < 10) were detected in some populations, suggesting rotational or mixed applications of insecticides and further resistance monitoring must be strengthened to prevent or delay the development of insecticide resistance. The mutation frequency of ace-1 at the locus A201S and F290V was 21.27% and 84.51%, respectively. The mutation frequency of VGSC at the locus T929I and L1014F was 0.11% and 0.15%, respectively. The detoxification enzyme activities of P450s, ESTs and GSTs were relatively consistent among different populations. Our study provides a systematical understanding of the current genetic architecture and resistance status of FAW in China and will contribute to the region-wide chemical control and the development of resistance management strategies for FAW in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced by ozonolysis of styrene and other alkene compounds is a major part of fine particles in urban atmospheres. The atmospheric ozonolysis process of styrene is simulated in a smog chamber, and the formed SOA particles are detected on‐line by a synchronous radiation vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometer (VUV‐PIMS) in this study. Through molecular ion peaks in the photonionization mass spectra of SOA and the corresponding photoionization efficiency curve, combined with off‐line measurement verification of ultraviolet visible and infrared absorption spectra, it is determined that formaldehyde, formic acid, benzene, phenol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid are the main constituents of styrene SOA. These provide new information for studying the atmospheric ozonolysis oxidation mechanism of styrene. VUV‐PIMS can get over complicated sample preparation procedures, secondary pollution, and other shortcomings of the off‐line method and is a useful instrument to measure constituents and unveil the formation process of SOA particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important chemical raw material, hydrazine brings convenience to people's lives and provides opportunities for human development. However, the misuse or leakage of hydrazine has brought pollution to the environment, including water, soil and living organisms. At the same time, hydrazine poses a potential threat to human health as a carcinogen. Despite the enormous challenges, it is crucial to develop an effective method to detect hydrazine in environmental samples. In this work, we have synthesized a series of probes based on phenothiazine fluorophore by the introduction of different substituents and developed a novel probe for the detection of hydrazine. The probe is capable of detecting hydrazine in aqueous solutions with high sensitivity and selectivity, and can be easily fabricated into paper test strips for use in in situ samples. In addition, the probe is effective in detecting hydrazine in water, soil, cells, and zebrafish, providing an excellent tool for detecting hydrazine in the environment. [Display omitted] • Construction of a fluorescent probe that can be used to detect hydrazine. • Probe DO enables sensitive and selective detection of hydrazine in aqueous solutions. • Probe DO can be used to detect hydrazine in water and soil samples in real environments. • Probe DO enables imaging of hydrazine in cells and zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male fertility and metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, are closely connected. Since hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome are strongly related, male fertility and hyperuricemia may, to some degree, be associated. According to recent studies, hyperuricemia imposes various effects on sex hormones, semen quality, and male erectile dysfunction. Some researchers claim that uric acid worsens male semen and raises the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED), while others state that it safeguards both penile erection and male semen. Additionally, it has been shown that gout and metabolic syndrome also raise the risk of ED. To clarify this controversy, the influence and potential mechanisms of hyperuricemia on ED, semen quality, sex hormone levels, and the effects of hyperuricemia-related disorders on ED will be comprehensively summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Based on optical coherence tomography (OCT), we aimed to determine the diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and interventions of braid-like coronary arteries, which are rare and tend to be diagnosed as a woven coronary artery (WCA) anomaly.Methods and Results: We identified braid-like lesions on coronary angiography (CAG) in 7 patients (6 men; median age 47 years; age range 26 to 57 years). All patients were heavy smokers. Four patients were diagnosed with an old myocardial infarction and the other 3 with unstable angina. The braid-like lesions were located in the left anterior descending arteries in 2 patients and in the right coronary arteries in the other 5. TIMI grade 2 flow was observed in all involved vessels. OCT findings of all lesions were consistent with recanalization of organized thrombi, which consisted of septa that divided the lumen into multiple small cavities communicating with each other. No separate three-layered structure could be defined. Based on the significance of the stenosis and its related symptoms, drug-eluting stents were implanted in all of the lesions. All patients experienced symptomatic improvement after the intervention and were followed up event-free for 12 months.Conclusions: Braid-like coronary arteries are likely to undergo recanalization of organized thrombi rather than WCA according to our OCT findings. The majority of cases affect men who smoke heavily. Percutaneous stent implantation may be beneficial in selected patients when feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convolutional neural network combined with attention mechanism and a parallel joint algorithm model (CATTB) of bidirectional independent recurrent neural network are proposed. The algorithm extracts the relocation feature and the "texture fingerprint" feature for expressing the similarity of the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) binary file content of the malicious web page, and uses the word vector tool word2vec to train the URL word vector feature and extract the URL static vocabulary feature. CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is used to extract deep local features. Secondly, Attention mechanism adjusts weight and BiIndRNN (Bidirectional Independently Recurrent Neural Network) to extract global features. Finally, softmax is used for classification. This paper extracts more comprehensive features from different angles and using different methods. The experimental results show that the test results are higher than other researchers, and compared with other algorithms, the proposed CATTB algorithm improves the accuracy of malicious web page detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Reirradiation with SBRT for primary or secondary lung malignancies presents an appealing and definitive approach, but its feasibility and safety are not well defined. • Reirradiation with SBRT doses of 50–60 Gy in 3–5 fractions is feasible for appropriately selected patients experiencing recurrence of peripheral primary or secondary lung malignancies. • Reirradiation with SBRT for centrally-located tumors warrants careful consideration due to the potential risk of severe toxicity. • Further studies are warranted to determine optimal dose/fractionation schedules and improve the appropriate selection of patients suitable for reirradiation with SBRT. Reirradiation with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients with primary or secondary lung malignancies represents an appealing definitive approach, but its feasibility and safety are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tumor control probability (TCP) and toxicity for patients receiving reirradiation with SBRT. Eligible patients with recurrence of primary or secondary lung malignancies from our hospital were subjected to reirradiation with SBRT, and PubMed- and Embase-indexed articles were reviewed. The patient characteristics, pertinent SBRT dosimetric details, local tumor control, and toxicities were extracted. The logistic dose–response models were compared for TCP and overall survival (OS) in terms of the physical dose and three-, four-, and five-fraction equivalent doses. The data of 17 patients from our hospital and 195 patients extracted from 12 articles were summarized. Reirradiation with SBRT yielded 2-year estimates of 80% TCP for doses of 50.10 Gy, 55.85 Gy, and 60.54 Gy in three, four, and five fractions, respectively. The estimated TCP with common fractionation schemes were 50%, 60%, and 70% for 42.04 Gy, 47.44 Gy, and 53.32 Gy in five fractions, respectively. Similarly, the 2-year estimated OS was 50%, 60%, and 70% for 41.62 Gy, 46.88 Gy, and 52.55 Gy in five fractions, respectively. Central tumor localization may be associated with severe toxicity. Reirradiation with SBRT doses of 50–60 Gy in 3–5 fractions is feasible for appropriately selected patients with recurrence of peripheral primary or secondary lung malignancies, but should be carefully considered for centrally-located tumors due to potentially severe toxicity. Further studies are warranted for optimal dose/fractionation schedules and more accurate selection of patients suitable for reirradiation with SBRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate how necroptosis (ie, programmed necrosis) is involved in killing of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after ablative hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT).Methods and Materials: Deoxyribonucleic acid damage, DNA repair, and the death form of NSCLC cells were assessed after radiation therapy. The overexpression and silencing of receptor-interacting protein kinases 3 (RIP3, a key protein involved activation of necroptosis)-stable NSCLC cell lines were successfully constructed. The form of cell death, the number and area of colonies, and the regulatory proteins of necroptosis were characterized after radiation therapy in vitro. Finally, NSCLC xenografts and patient specimens were used to examine involvement of necroptosis after ablative HFRT in vivo.Results: Radiation therapy induced expected DNA damage and repair of NSCLC cell lines, but ablative HFRT at ≥10 Gy per fraction preferentially stimulated necroptosis in NSCLC cells and xenografts with high RIP3 expression, as characterized by induction and activation of RIP3 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein and release of immune-activating chemokine high-mobility group box 1. In contrast, RNA interference of RIP3 attenuated ablative HFRT-induced necroptosis and activation of its regulatory proteins. Among central early-stage NSCLC patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy, high expression of RIP3 was associated with improved local control and progression-free survival (all P < .05).Conclusions: Ablative HFRT at ≥10 Gy per fraction enhances killing of NSCLC with high RIP3 expression via preferential stimulation of necroptosis. RIP3 may serve as a useful biomarker to predict favorable response to stereotactic body radiation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC3.1.1.7) is a key enzyme in neuronal signal transduction that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). The potential roles of AChEs involved in the toxicological and physiological impacts of insecticides on the destructive pest Spodoptera frugiperda, however, are still exclusive. In the present study, two acetylcholinesterase genes, ace1 and ace2, were characterized from S. frugiperda transcriptome and genome. Spatial−temporal expression analysis indicated that both Sfruace1 and Sfruace2 had an enriched expression in the heads among all larval tissues, and in 3rd instar larvae among all developmental stages. Notably, the expression levels of Sfruace1 were much higher than Sfruace2 in all tested tissues and developmental stages. The RNA interference (RNAi) with specific designed small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced the expression of Sfruace1 to 30%, and Sfruace2 to 39%. The knockdown of Sfruace1 expression resulted in mortality of 37.6%, which is significantly higher than 17.06% in the siSfruace2-treated group. Furthermore, the RNAi of Sfruace1 and Sfruace2 expressions reduced the AChE enzymatic activity to 32.81% and 65.77%, respectively, compared with those of the untreated group, 24 h after injection of 70 ng siRNA per insect. The survivors after the siRNA treatments showed an apparent motor retardation to the artificial diet, and an apparent growth inhibition in the parental generation (F0) larvae. There was no significant inhibition effect on the growth of F0 and the first filial generation (F1) pupae and the fecundity of female adult. Insecticide bioassay showed that the siSfruace1-treated larvae were more susceptible to acephate than the siSfruace2-treated and untreated larvae. Our study suggests that Sfruace1 plays more important roles than Sfruace2 in larval survivorship and susceptibility to acephate, and both ace genes have differential roles in regulating larval growth, motor ability and insecticidal sensitivity in S. frugiperda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is postulated to enhance the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the tumor microenvironment, which promote tumor recurrence. The aim of this study is to determine the molecular mechanisms behind SBRT stimulating MSC migration and differentiation.Methods: In vitro, mediated factors and migrated MSCs (post-SBRT) were generated. In vivo, bone-marrow derived MSCs were identified and harvested from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing transgenic male mice and transplanted into sub-lethally irradiated recipient female mice to establish a model of bone marrow transplantation. Lewis lung carcinoma and malignant melanoma-bearing recipient mice were treated with SBRT, 14 Gy/1 fraction. The migration and differentiation potential of MSCs were characterized.Results: SBRT increased the release of stromal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) by tumor cells; these ligands bound to chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), respectively, on circulating bone marrow-derived MSCs, resulting in engraftment of the MSCs into the tumor parenchyma. The newly-homed MSCs differentiated into pericytes, which induced the tumor vasculogenesis, and promoted tumor regrowth. Targeted therapies, AMD3100 and imatinib abrogated MSC homing, vasculogenesis, and tumor regrowth.Conclusion: Bone-marrow derived MSCs migrate to the tumor parenchyma and differentiate into pericytes, inducing tumor vasculogenesis after SBRT, and promoting tumor recurrence. MSC migration and maturation may be abrogated with AMD3100 and imatinib. This novel treatment strategy warrants clinical investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerobic glycolysis, a metabolic hallmark of cancer, is associated with radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), a key regulator of glycolysis, is expressed exclusively in cancers. However, the impact of PKM2 silencing on the radiosensitivity of NSCLC has not been explored. Here, we show a plasmid of shRNA-PKM2 for expressing a short hairpin RNA targeting PKM2 (pshRNA-PKM2) and demonstrate that treatment with pshRNA-PKM2 effectively inhibits PKM2 expression in NSCLC cell lines and xenografts. Silencing of PKM2 expression enhanced ionizing radiation (IR)-induced apoptosis and autophagy in vitro and in vivo , accompanied by inhibiting AKT and PDK1 phosphorylation, but enhanced ERK and GSK3β phosphorylation. These results demonstrated that knockdown of PKM2 expression enhances the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines and xenografts as well as may aid in the design of new therapies for the treatment of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influences on model relative error made by the change of grey GM(1,1,α) model background value we analyzed the modeling mechanism and process and put forward the level 2 parameters pack of the model. We focused on the relationship among the change of the background value, the model development coefficient and the grey action by the model's level 2 parameters pack. In theory we concluded the concrete expression among the background value, the development coefficients and the grey action. Then we get the concrete expression between the background value and the relative error and study their relationship on changes. Thus it achieved the result that we can reduce the model relative error through adjust the value of the background. Finally, this conclusion was verified through an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant disorder which predisposes to the development of various cancers. Germline mutation in the serine/threonine kinase 11 gene ( STK11) is known as one of the major causes of PJS. However, a notable proportion of PJS samples do not carry any mutation in STK11, suggesting possible genetic heterogeneity in the disease and the existence of other causative variants. Methods and Results: In order to identify other germline variants in the coding regions of the genome that are associated with PJS, we performed exome sequencing in three Chinese individuals with PJS and identified 16 common germline variants (12 protein-coding including STK11, 4 in pre-microRNAs). We further validated protein-coding variants in six PJS individuals (three with wild-type STK11) and predicted the functional impact. As result, we found that 7 coding variants are likely to have functional impacts. Especially, we identified 2 new germline variants which are represented in all six PJS samples and are independent of STK11 mutation. Conclusions: Our study provided an exomic view of PJS. The germline variants identified in our analysis may help to resolve the complex genetic background of the disease and thus lead to the discovery of novel causative variants of PJS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel fluorescent sensor based on thiooxorhodamine B has been prepared to detect Hg2+ in aqueous buffer solution. It demonstrates high selectivity for sensing Hg2+ with about 383-fold enhancement in fluorescence emission intensity and micromolar sensitivity (K d =7.5×10−6 molL−1) in comparison with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and other transition metal ions (Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Fe3+). Meanwhile the distinct color changes and rapid switch-on fluorescence also provide ‘naked eyes’ detection for Hg2+ over a broad pH range. Moreover, such sensor is cell-permeable and can visualize the changes of intracellular mercury ions in living cells using fluorescence microscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Merocyanine dye 1was prepared as an effective colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor for copper ions in aqueous media, and displays a significant color change from reddish-purple to yellow with a large blue shift of 94 nm in its absorption spectrum in the presence of one equivalent of copper. As an on–off fluorescent sensor, it is feasible to detect copper ions in living cells due to its good cell permeability and high solubility under physiological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution is a risk factor for kidney dysfunction. However, the combined toxicity of air pollutants on kidney function is scarce. We estimated the relationship between combined toxicity of air pollutants and kidney function among adult women (n = 7071, 18–65 years old) in Mianyang City, Southwest China. We measured serum concentrations of uric acid, urea, creatinine, and cystatin C, and we calculated the individual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using a cystatin C-based equation developed specifically for Chinese patients with CKD equation. Air pollution data were collected to calculate the individual average daily dose (ADD) of pollutants based on the air quality complex index (AQCI). Mean AQCI was higher in winter and lower in summer, and followed the monthly and seasonal trends of air pollutants. Concomitantly, individual ADD was also higher in winter and lower in summer, and the seasonal differences were reflected in the levels of kidney biomarkers (including uric acid, urea, creatinine, cystatin C, and eGFR). With an interquartile range (IQR: 1.04–1.50 m3/day/kg) increases of ADD, the serum concentrations of uric acid, urea, creatinine, and cystatin C increase [B (95%CI): 1.774 (0.318, 3.231) umol/L, 0.218 (0.1888, 0.247) mmol/L, 1.501 (1.016, 1.986) umol/L, and 0.006 (0.003, 0.009) mg/L, respectively], whereas eGFR decreases [B (95%CI): -0.776 (−1.106, −0.446) mL/min/1.73 m2]. Totally, the relationship between combined toxicity of air pollutants and kidney function in Chinese adult women suggests that the toxicity of combined air pollutants inversely affects kidney function, which might accelerate the risk of CKD. • First study on relationship between combined toxicity of air pollution and kidney function. • Individual eGFR was estimated by the Cystatin C-Based Chinese Patients with CKD Equation. • We calculated individual average daily dose (ADD) of air quality complex index (AQCI). • ADD, with an IQR increased, was negatively associated with eGFR. • Combined toxicity of air pollution inversely affects individual kidney function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversy surrounds the role of serum uric acid and whether treatment intervention is favorable in retarding the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association of serum uric acid levels and CKD patient mortality risk needs to be further determined by large sample cohort studies. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants with CKD from 1998 to 2017 were enrolled in the study. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to reveal the association of serum uric acid concentrations and CKD mortality risks. A total of 9891 CKD patients were enrolled in the study, and 3698 individuals died during the follow-up. Increasing serum uric acid levels are independently relevant to higher mortality risks of CKD patients (HR per SD increase). A restricted cubic spline curve showed a nonlinear association between serum uric acid and CKD mortality risks (p for nonlinearity = 0.046). CKD patients with higher levels of serum uric acid (≥ 5.900 mg/dL) show a significant increase in mortality risks (HR = 1.102, 95% CI 1.043–1.165). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results were stable and robust. High serum uric acid levels (≥ 5.900 mg/dL) may be associated with increased mortality risks in CKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 co-decorated rutile TiO 2 nanorod composite film was fabricated. • g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 /TiO 2 composite film had an appropriate cascade energy band structure. • The composite film exhibited a highly enhanced visible light absorption capability. • Electron-hole separation and transfer mechanism of the composite film was explained. • The composite film showed excellent photocathodic protection for stainless steel. A highly efficient g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 co-decorated rutile TiO 2 nanorod composite film photoanode was fabricated on a conductive glass substrate by a three-step synthesis process involving hydrothermal reactions and chemical vapor deposition. The g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 /TiO 2 composite film with an appropriate cascade energy band structure showed greatly improved visible light absorption and exhibited 4.5 times higher photocurrent density than the undecorated TiO 2 film, resulting from its higher separation and transfer efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Under the white light irradiation, the composite film photoanode made the potential of the coupled 403 stainless steel in a 0.5 M NaCl solution decrease by 680 mV from its free corrosion potential, showing a significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical cathodic protection effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can lead to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to establish a model for combined bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and to define the contribution of BM-derived cells during the inflammation associated with carcinogenesis. We established a model for BMT using green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, followed by AOM/DSS-induced CAC, and performed confocal microscopy analysis on in vivo living tissue and frozen tumor sections. Our imaging analyses showed that GFP-positive cells extensively infiltrated the tumor stroma and that some WGA and GFP or CD31 and GFP double-positive cells were observed in the lining of tumor vessels. Flow cytometry analysis of the tumor-infiltrating cells showed that the GFP-positive CD11c+ DCs cells were one-third of the GFP+/CD11C- cells, and that half of these DCs (0.96% vs 1.02%) were GFP-positive BM-derived cells. The majority of CD4+ T cells were GFP-negative (12.02% vs 1.9%), and we discovered a novel CD4+ CD11c+ DC subset (0.34% vs 1.64%). In conclusion, we defined the distribution of BM-derived endothelial cells, CD11c+ DCs and CD4+ T cells in tumors. This model might be useful for elucidating the diverse BM-derived cell types and functions during the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CuCl‐catalyzed reaction of aryl boronic acid with carbon dioxide to form carboxylate ester after treatment with CH3I has been developed. The procedure featured mild conditions and good functional group tolerances. A diverse range of aryl boronic acids were effectively converted into carboxylate esters. Even those bearing sensitive groups such as carbonyl, ester, and amide could produce the desired products in good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For practical application, the functional piezoelectric film in microelectromechanical systems should meet the requirement of physical properties, as well as the mechanical properties. In this article, 0.5 Ba( Ti0.8 Zr0.2) O3-0.5( Ba0.7 Ca0.3) TiO3 (0.5 BZT-0.5 BCT) thin films with varied properties were prepared on (100) Si substrates via a sol-gel technique at different annealing temperatures. The effects of the annealing temperature on the morphology, piezoelectricity, hardness, and elastic modulus were studied. Particular attention was paid to the surface frictional behavior of films, and the changes in the friction force can be radically explained in terms of differences in the hardness/elastic modulus ratio and the residual stress of films. And, it reveals that the higher ratio of hardness to elastic modulus and tensile residual stress can contribute to a lower friction force for 0.5 BZT-0.5 BCT film during sling friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the failure to access to transit information problem that affects the accuracy of the data and limits the processing speed of transport business and the scope of use in logistics management in transit, a logistics management system in transit based on RFID technology was designed. The system which adopted RFID technology to integrate cloud storage technology and GPRS technology made contactless automatic identification to the long-range and high-speed mobile goal. It also could track transit product "existence" which could provide a more complete process data record, and make the head of the household keep track of products in transit state. The application practice showed that the system could effectively solve the problems of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises and had the characteristics of low cost and easy operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vascular cognitive dysfunction in patients with vascular dementia (VD) is a kind of severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by cerebrovascular diseases. At present, effective drugs to improve the cognitive function of VD patients still need to be explored. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is a nonspecific cation channel that plays a key role in the toxic death of neurons. Perillaldehyde (PAE) has the protective effect of epilepsy and insomnia and other central nervous system diseases. The aim of this study is to explore whether PAE improves cognitive function in VD rats and to investigate the potential mechanisms in vivo and vitro. Methods: VD rats were induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (2-vessel occlusion [2VO]) and treated with PAE for 4 weeks. The neuroprotective effects of PAE was subsequently assessed by the Morris water maze, hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, Golgi staining, electron microscopy, Neuron-specific nuclear protein (Neu N) staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. After primary hippocampal neurons were isolated, cell viability was detected by MTT assay and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was detected by calcium imaging assay. The content of Nitriteoxide (NO), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of rats were observed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and Confocal laser scanning were used to detect the expression levels of N-methyl-d-asprtate receptor-2B (NR2B) and TRPM2. Results: The results showed that PAE can improve the number and activity of neurons, increase the length and number of dendrites in hippocampus, decrease the Vv value and PE value of neuronal nucleus and mitochondrial structure significantly, increase the s value and L value in nucleus structure, decrease the s value and L value in mitochondrial structure, and improve the learning and memory ability of rats significantly. And PAE can strengthen the ability of antioxidant stress confirmed by increasing the activity of SOD and reducing the production of MDA. The results of western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that PAE could reduce the level of TRPM2 and increase the expression of NR2B. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings provide evidence that the neuroprotective effects of PAE in VD rats maybe through TRPM2 inhibition and subsequent activation of NMDAR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Contouring subclavian-axillary veins underestimates grade ≥ 2 RIBP risk in dosimetry. • Significant underestimation of BP doses was observed in patients with PTV-B. • Maximum and 0.3 cc biologically effective doses to BP may be predictors of RIBP. Examine the significance of contouring the brachial plexus (BP) for toxicity estimation and select metrics for predicting radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP) after stereotactic body radiotherapy. Patients with planning target volume (PTV) ≤ 2 cm from the BP were eligible. The BP was contoured primarily according to the RTOG 1106 atlas, while subclavian-axillary veins (SAV) were contoured according to RTOG 0236. Apical PTVs were classified as anterior (PTV-A) or posterior (PTV-B) PTVs. Variables predicting grade 2 or higher RIBP (RIBP2) were selected through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and logistic regression. Among 137 patients with 140 BPs (median follow-up, 32.1 months), 11 experienced RIBP2. For patients with RIBP2, the maximum physical dose to the BP (BP-D max) was 46.5 Gy (median; range, 35.7 to 60.7 Gy). Of these patients, 54.5 % (6/11) satisfied the RTOG limits when using SAV delineation; among them, 83.3 % (5/6) had PTV-B. For patients with PTV-B, the maximum physical dose to SAV (SAV-D max) was 11.2 Gy (median) lower than BP-D max. Maximum and 0.3 cc biologically effective doses to the BP based on the linear-quadratic-linear model (BP-BED max LQL and BP-BED 0.3cc LQL , α/β = 3) were selected as predictive variables with thresholds of 118 and 73 Gy, respectively. Contouring SAV may significantly underestimate the RIBP2 risk in dosimetry, especially for patients with PTV-B. BP contouring indicated BP-BED 0.3cc LQL and BP-BED max LQL as potential predictors of RIBP2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Liver steatosis (fatty liver) is frequently found during the conditions such as diabetes and obesity. The current experimental study was executed the effect of adropin against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese diabetic Wistar rats via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups and divided as follows: normal, HFD control, HFD + adropin (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg), and HFD + Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg), respectively. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, hepatic parameters, antioxidant, and proinflammatory cytokines were estimated at the end of the experimental study. Nrf2 transcription and nuclear level were also estimated. In vitro adropin diminished the accumulation of lipid droplets in dose-dependent manner and no effect was observed on the lipolysis. Type II diabetic rats fed with HFD exhibited a marked reduction in hepatic extraction faction and hepatic steatosis after the adropin and glibenclamide treatment. Results: Adropin significantly (P < 0.001) altered the hepatic parameter such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase; antioxidant parameters such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 8-OhdG, superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, catalase, GSH, GSH reductase, GSH S-transferase; proinflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, respectively. In addition, adropin significantly reduced the nuclear Nrf2 activity at dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Adropin improved insulin sensitivity, reduced lipogenesis in the adipocytes and also decrease the inflammation through downregulated cytokines (Nrf2 pathway). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular dementia (VD) is one of the most common causes of dementia, taking account for about 20% of all cases. Although studies have found that selenium supplementation can improve the cognitive ability of Alzheimer's patients, there is currently no research on the cognitive impairment caused by VD. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Amorphous selenium nanodots (A SeNDs) in the prevention of VD. The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method was used to establish a VD model. The neuroprotective effect of A SeNDs was evaluated by Morris water maze, Transcranial Doppler TCD, hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, Neuron-specific nuclear protein (Neu N) staining and Golgi staining. Detect the expression levels of oxidative stress and Calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A, and postsynaptic dense protein 95 (PSD95). Finally, measure the concentration of calcium ions in neuronal cells. The results showed that A SeNDs could significantly improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats, restore the posterior arterial blood flow of the brain, improve the neuronal morphology and dendritic remodeling of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 area, reduce the level of oxidative stress in VD rats, increase the expression of NR2A, PSD95, CaMK II proteins and reduce intracellular calcium ion concentration, but the addition of selective NR2A antagonist NVP-AAMO77 eliminated these benefits. It suggests that A SeNDs may improve cognitive dysfunction in vascular dementia rats by regulating the NMDAR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine whether there is a difference in 2-year prognosis among patients across the spectrum of coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: We analyzed all consecutive patients undergoing PCI at a single center from 1/1-12/31/2013. Clinical presentations were compared between sexes according to baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics and 2-year (mean 730 ± 30-day) outcomes.Results: We grouped 10 724 consecutive patients based on sex and clinical presentation. Among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), rates of all-cause death (6.7% vs 1.4%) and cardiac death (3.8% vs 1.1%) were significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.05), but these rates did not differ between men and women with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome ((NSTE-ACS). Incidence of major bleeding was greater than in men only in those women presenting with ACS. After multivariable adjustment, female sex was not an independent predictor of outcomes in STEMI (hazard ratio [HR] for all-cause death: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.52-3.38; P = 0.55; HR for cardiac death: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.23-2.09, P = 0.51], but was still an independent predictor of bleeding in STEMI (HR: 3.53, 95%CI: 1.26-9.91, P = 0.017).Conclusion: Among STEMI patients, women had worse 2-year mortality after PCI therapy, but female sex was not an independent predictor of mortality after adjustment for baseline characteristics. In STEMI patients, women were at higher bleeding risk than men after PCI, even after multivariable adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Stent thrombosis (ST) is a rare but catastrophic complication of percutaneous coronary intervention, leading to poor prognosis. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction and thrombogenesis. However, the impact of big ET-1 level on ST in patients with coronary stenting is unknown. We aimed to evaluate big ET-1 level as a potential predictor of ST in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Materials and methods From January 2013 to December 2013, 8106 consecutive patients underwent successful coronary stent implantation and were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were stratified into three groups based on plasma big ET-1 level at admission. Results The incidence of definite and probable ST at 2 years postoperatively was 0.84%; ST incidence was lowest in the low big ET-1 group (0.56%), highest in the high big ET-1 group (1.48%), and intermediate in the medium big ET-1 group (0.74%, log-rank p = 0.001). Compared with the low big ET-1 group, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for ST in the high big ET-1 group was 2.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–3.73, p = 0.017). In subgroup analyses, high big ET-1 level was independently associated with ST in patients with acute coronary syndrome (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.03–5.06, p = 0.041), but not in those with stable coronary artery disease ( p = 0.331), and tended to be associated with older age. Conclusions Plasma big ET-1 level is a valuable independent predictor of ST in patients with coronary stents, especially in the acute coronary syndrome population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Floralozone plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as vascular dementia caused by cerebral ischemia. • We investigated the role of Floralozone in chronic ischemic brain injury constructed by the BCCAO method. • We found that activation of the NMDAR signaling pathway and loss of TRPM2 expression effectively improved neurobehavioral outcomes in rats with vascular dementia due to chronic ischemia. • Our results suggest that the role of Floralozone in the treatment of vascular dementia may be associated with the activation of the NMDAR signaling pathway and the down-regulation of TRPM2 expression. Vascular dementia (VD) is the second largest type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. At present, the pathogenesis is complex and there is no effective treatment. Floralozone has been shown to reduce atherosclerosis in rats caused by a high-fat diet. However, whether it plays a role in VD remains elusive. In the present study, the protective activities and relevant mechanisms of Floralozone were evaluated in rats with cognitive impairment, which were induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (BCCAO) in rats. Cognitive function, pathological changes and oxidative stress condition in the brains of VD rats were assessed using Neurobehavioral tests, Morris water maze tests, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Neu N staining, TUNEL staining, Golgi staining, Western blot assay and antioxidant assays (MDA, SOD, GSH), respectively. The results indicated that VD model was established successfully and BCCAO caused a decline in spatial learning and memory and hippocampal histopathological abnormalities of rats. Floralozone (50, 100, 150 mg/kg) dose-dependently alleviated the pathological changes, decreased oxidative stress injury, which eventually reduced cognitive impairment in BCCAO rats. The same results were shown in further experiments with neurobehavioral tests. At the molecular biological level, Floralozone decreased the protein level of transient receptor potential melastatin-related 2 (TRPM2) in VD and normal rats, and increased the protein level of NR2B in hippocampus of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Notably, Floralozone could markedly improved learning and memory function of BCCAO rats in Morris water maze (MWM) and improved neuronal cell loss, synaptic structural plasticity. In conclusion, Floralozone has therapeutic potential for VD, increased synaptic structural plasticity and alleviating neuronal cell apoptosis, which may be related to the TRPM2/NMDAR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circulation of rice from contaminated areas could escalate exposure risk from a local problem to a national issue and affect a wider population beyond the region of origin, as confirmed by the 'Poison Rice Incident' in May 2013 in Guangzhou, China. In the present study, the authors established a food chain model based on the aquivalence method to identify major sources of methylmercury (MeHg), estimate the levels of MeHg, and quantify exposure to MeHg via rice and aquatic food consumption. Different types of organism samples from the Haihe River also were collected to verify the calculated values. The MeHg intake in pregnant women was 1529.1 ng/d from the aquatic food chain and as high as 2804.0 ng/d from rice, although the intake varied among scenarios. The maximum possible MeHg concentration in the blood of pregnant women was 5.21 µg/L, higher than the threshold value of MeHg recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (4.4 µg/L), which indicated that pregnant women could face risk from MeHg exposure. The authors also assessed the risk of MeHg exposure in pregnant women and their breastfed infants using a new index, HQEquivalent. In 4 scenarios, the HQEquivalent indices ranged from 0.42 to 1.18 for pregnant women and from 0.29 to 0.83 for breastfed infants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1161-1168. © 2014 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 nanofibers were prepared by improved electrospinning technique and subsequent thermal treatment. The as-prepared TiO 2 nanofibers possess anatase-rutile mischcrystal structure. Sulfur was mixed with the TiO 2 nanofibers to form S–TiO 2 composite by a melt diffusion process. The S–TiO 2 composite displays more excellent discharge capacity retention of 58% after 50 cycles compared to pure S, and the discharge capacity is 530 mAh g −1 after 50 cycles, which is ascribed to the adsorption of lithium polysulfide by TiO 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-sulfur (MWCNTs-S) composites were synthesized by chemical activation of MWCNTs and capillarity between sulfur and MWCNTs. [•] The MWCNTs activated by potassium hydroxide (denoted as K-MWCNTs) were used as conductive additive. [•] The results reveal that the K-MWCNTs-S composites can display excellent cycle stability and rate capability compared to pure S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy and safety of surgery and chemotherapy (S +CT) vs. radiotherapy and CT (RT+CT) in patients with limited stage small cell esophageal cancer (LS-SCEC). Patients and methods: Patients included in analysis (from our hospital and the literature) were treated with S+CT or RT+CT between 1989 and 2012. The primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points included tumor response and toxicity. Kaplan–Meier OS curves were compared with the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to determine prognosticators for OS. Results: A total of 127 patients were included: 14 from our hospital and 113 from the literature. Fifty-four (43%) and 73 (57%) patients received S+CT or RT+CT, respectively. The median OS of all patients was 21.0months. OS was longer for those who received RT+CT rather than S+CT (33.0 vs. 17.5months, p =0.02), especially those with N1 disease. Uni- and multi-variate analyses showed tumor location (upper 1/3rd of esophagus) and type of treatment (S+CT) were poor prognostic factors of OS. Conclusion: LS-SCEC patients treated with RT+CT had an improved OS compared to those treated with S+RT. Thus, RT+CT should be considered as a primary approach for these patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: To improve outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remain an unmet clinical need. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of G2-DESs and BP-DESs in patients with and without DM in a single center in China. Methods: A total of 7666 consecutive patients who exclusively had G2-DES or BP-DES implantation throughout 2013 in our center were studied. The primary efficacy endpoint was any target lesion revascularization (TLR), whereas the primary safety endpoint was a composite of death or myocardial infarction (MI) at 2-year follow-up. Results: G2-DESs had a similar occurrence of death, non-fatal MI, TLR, stroke, and stent thrombosis compared with BP-DESs in patients with DM (all P > 0.05). The incidence of TVR and TLR was lower for G2-DESs than for BP-DESs in patients without DM (3.2% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.002; 2.2% vs. 4.5%, P < 0.001, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis also showed better TVR- and TLR-free survival rates for G2-DESs than for BP-DESs in patients without DM. Multivariate analysis showed that a BP-DES was an independent risk factor for TLR (hazard ratio 1.963, 95% confidence interval 1.390–2.772, P < 0.001) in patients without DM, which was not predictive of other components of major adverse cardiac events (P > 0.05). Conclusions: G2-DESs have better efficacy, represented by a reduced risk of TLR, and similar safety compared with BP-DESs in patients without DM. G2-DESs have similar efficacy and safety compared with BP-DESs in patients with DM at 2-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have highlighted the role of genetic predispositions in disease, and several genes had been identified as important in Crohn's disease (CD). However, many of these genes are likely rare and not associated with susceptibility in Chinese CD patients. We found 294 shared identical variants in the CD patients of which 26 were validated by Sanger sequencing. Two heterozygous IFN variants (IFNA10 c.60 T > A; IFNA4 c.60 A > T) were identified as significantly associated with CD susceptibility. The single-nucleotide changes alter a cysteine situated before the signal peptide cleavage site to a stop code (TGA) in IFNA10 result in the serum levels of IFNA10 were significantly decreased in the CD patients compared to the controls. Furthermore, the IFNA10 and IFNA4 mutants resulted in an impairment of the suppression of HCV RNA replication in HuH7 cells, and the administration of the recombinant IFN subtypes restored DSS-induced colonic inflammation through the upregulation of CD4+ Treg cells. We identified heterozygous IFNA10 and IFNA4 variants as a cause of impaired function and CD susceptibility genes in Chinese patients from multiple center based study. These findings might provide clues in the understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of CD and lead to better screening and improved treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]