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During the freezing, storage, and thawing process, physicochemical changes occur in raw meat, which will inevitably lead to quality deterioration mainly including decreased water-holding capacity and the deterioration of color and texture. The quality deterioration can be effectively reduced by novel freezing and its assistive technologies. This article summarizes the quality deterioration mechanism of raw meat during freezing and frozen storage, and reviews the approaches for improving frozen meat quality, such as novel freezing techniques, cryoprotectants, novel packaging techniques and novel thawing techniques, which will provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for improving the quality of frozen meat.

The level of cholesterol in the body is closely related to human health. Although cholesterol has many irreplaceable physiological functions, high cholesterol is one of the causes of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. With more extensive and in-depth research on probiotics, many strains have been proved to have a good cholesterol-lowering effect, and their cholesterol-lowering effect has aroused more and more attention. Thus, the development and application of cholesterol-lowering probiotics have a bright future. In this paper, the mechanism of cholesterol synthesis and metabolism in the human body is briefly introduced in terms of its intake, synthesis, conversion and transport. The in vitro cholesterol-lowering mechanism of probiotics by absorbing and binding cholesterol as well as producing cholesterol-lowering metabolites, and the in vivo cholesterol-lowering mechanism of probiotics by inhibiting the intake and synthesis of cholesterol, promoting its transformation and regulating its transport are reviewed. Finally, the evaluation strategies for cholesterol-lowering probiotics are summarized including in vitro tests, animal experiments and clinical studies. This review is expected to provide a reference for the development of probiotic strains with a potent cholesterol-lowering effect.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of free-examination system for clinical trial subjects in hospital clinical trials. Methods Based on the hospital information system, a free-examination system for clinical trial subjects was designed and implemented, and the effects were compared before and after the application of the system. Results After the application of the free-examination system for clinical trial subjects, the number of protocol violations related to examinations and the average time of financial settlement reduced, so the work efficiency and satisfaction of all parties involved in clinical trials were improved compared with those before application. Conclusion For the participants in this clinical trial, the free-examination system is easy to operate and can improve management level and work efficiency of the clinical trial.

With the rapid development of biomedical science and technology in China, the number of clinical research projects is increasing rapidly, which is accompanied by ethical challenges. In recent years, a number of regional ethics committees have been established in China, and some experience has been gained in regional ethical review, but there is a certain difficulty in implementing it. In response to the difficulties in regional ethical review, the ethical cooperative review mode of medical union with the leading units as the core has been established based on the experience of foreign regional ethical review and the characteristics of the medical consortium structures that have been widely established in the county-level hospitals and prefecture level tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu region. It is expected to give full play to the flexible advantages of regional ethics committees by radiating and promoting the ethical review ability of medical union.

This paper summarized the prone position ventilation and nursing management for a patient with influenza A (H1N1)virus infection combined with hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Key issues of nursing included: a comprehensive nursing assessment before prone position ventilation, and considering the beginning and ending points of ventilation to ensure the safety of the treatment; Appropriate patient turning, catheter maintenance and skin care during treatment period; The analgesic management by using Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) and Sedation-Agitation scale (SAS) to improve patient comfort and effective ventilation; enhancing the airbag pressure management to prevent the ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP); observation on reflux, aspiration and gastric residual volume and ensuring nutrition support; monitoring on infection indexes to prevent catheter-related infection. (总结1例甲型H1N1流感病毒感染合并高黏液型肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者俯卧位通气的护理体会。护理要点: 做好患者的评估, 正确掌握俯卧位通气开始及结束的时机, 保证治疗的安全有效; 根据患者病情, 选择合适的翻身方式, 保护各管路, 做好皮肤护理; 运用Richmond躁动-镇静量表(RASS)和镇静-躁动评分(SAS)评分, 做好镇痛镇静管理, 提高患者的舒适度, 保障有效通气。做好气囊管理, 预防呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的发生。观察患者有无反流及误吸, 做好胃残余量的监测, 保证营养供给。监测感染指标, 预防导管相关感染。)