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Applying the emerging molecular networking strategy, an uncommon cembranoid orthoester, sarcotortin A (1), featuring a 3/14/8/5‐fused scaffold, an unusual eunicellane‐type diterpenoid, sarcotorolide A (2), and two new biscembranoids, ximaolides M and N (7 and 8), along with nine known terpenoids 3–6 and 9–13 were isolated from the Hainan soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum. The structure and absolute configuration of all new compounds were established by a combination of spectroscopic data, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and/or quantum chemical computational approaches. The plausible biogenetic relationship among these skeletally different terpenoids was proposed and discussed. In in vitro bioassay, new compound 7 exhibited a remarkable inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) with the IC50 value of 8.06 μM. In addition, compounds 4 and 10 displayed significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages cells with the IC50 values of 19.13 and 16.45 μM, respectively. Compound 9 showed interesting cytotoxicity against H1975, MDA‐MB231, A549, and H1299 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 31.59, 34.96, 43.87, and 27.93 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Abstract】 Objective: Massive hemorrhage is life- threatening during armed conflicts. Tourniquets are impor- tant medical devices used to reduce severe bleeding in trauma. The aim of this study was to empirically evaluate the current tourniquets used in China and provide informa- tion to emergency nurses in selecting the appropriate tourniquet. Methods: Five tourniquets were self-applied by 20 healthy participants. The blood flow distal to the tourni- quet site was assessed using vascular Doppler ultrasound. Application time, pain, numbness, and other parameters were evaluated. Results: The bladder tourniquet and windlass tourni- quet effectively occluded arterial blood flow with success rates higher than 75% in both the upper and lower extremities. The Cargo-strap was the fastest to apply, taking (7.22±2.30) s for the upper extremity and (6.48±2.40) s for the lower extremity. The rubber tube was the most painful, and the improvised tourniquet was the least efficient. The suc- cess rates were higher in the lower extremity than in the upper extremity (P

Comprehensive Summary: A detailed chemical investigation of the South China Sea nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus, as well as its possible sponge‐prey Acanthella cavernosa, led to the isolation of fifteen new nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids, namely ximaocavernosins A−O, including seven cadinanes (1—7), seven spiroaxanes (12—18) and one aromadendrane (19), together with thirteen known related compounds (8—11 and 20—28). Compounds (±)‐1—9 (except for 4 and 6) were further separated by chiral‐phase HPLC to their corresponding unequal enantiomers, respectively. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by a combination of extensive spectroscopic data analysis, quantum mechanical nuclear magnetic resonance (QM‐NMR) methods, Mosher's method, X‐ray diffraction analysis and/or time‐dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT‐ECD) calculation. The commonly existed nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids in these two animals are suggested to be chemical markers for their prey‐predator relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: In the present study, nine new cembrane‐type diterpenoids, namely ximaonanolobatins A—I (1—9), together with six related known analogs (10—15) and four known tetraprenylated alkaloids malonganenones D, E, H, and K (16—19) were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia nanolobata collected off the Ximao Island in the South China Sea. The structures of 1—9 were robustly established by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses, chemical reactions, quantum mechanical (QM)‐NMR methods, biogenetic consideration, and the comparison with those literature data. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and the absolute configuration of 2 was determined by QM‐NMR calculations and chemical transformation. In addition, the absolute configuration of 3 was determined using the modified Mosher's method. All these isolates were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐tumor activities. The results showed that only compound 15 exhibited potential anti‐inflammatory effect against LPS‐induced TNF‐α release in RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 12.6 μmol/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]