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The surface of nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) particles was modified by small molecular coupling agent KH-560 and macromolecular coupling agent SEA-171, respectively, to change the surface activity and structure. The modified nano-SiO2 was then used for reinforcing cyanate ester resin (CE). Influences of the content of nano-SiO2 and the interfacial structure over the thermal and frictional properties of nano-SiO2/CE composites were investigated. The mechanism of the surface modification of silicon dioxide by KH-560 and SEA-171 was discussed. The experimental results show that the addition of coupling agents increased the interfacial bonding between nano-SiO2 particles and the CE resin so that the heat resistance and friction properties of the composites were improved. After surface treatment of nano-SiO2 by SEA-171, the thermal decomposition temperature of the 3.0 wt% nano-SiO2/CE composites increased nearly by 75 °C and the frictional coefficient was reduced by 25% compared with that of the pure CE, and the wear resistance increased by 77%. Keywords: Cyanate ester resin, Silicon dioxide, Silane coupling agent, Frictional properties

Perilla is an important homologous plant, and it is also a high quality feed raw material. It is rich in nutrients, mainly crude protein, crude fiber and crude fat. The main compounds in Perilla include volatile oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, anthocyanins and polysaccharides, with different component activities. Perilla has the functions of antiinflammatory, anti-bacterial, antioxidation, anti-tumor, anti-allergy and other pharmacological activities. The components of rosemary acid, luteolin, apigenin and caffeic acid in Perilla can be used as an animal feed additive, which can increase feed utilization, improve meat quality and lipid metabolism disorders, enhance gastrointestinal function and antioxidant capacity, and improve production performance. In the paper, the nutritional composition, pharmacological activity and application of Perilla in animal feed are reviewed in order to provide a reference for the rational application of Perilla in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cichorium intybus L. contains a large number of nutrients, including carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, mineral elements, biologically active phenolic, volatile, sesquiterpene lactones. It is widely used in animal feed because of its high fresh grass yield and high nutritional value. Cichorium intybus L. tastes delicious, and has the medicinal value of clearing liver, benefiting gallbladder, strengthening stomach and digestion, and has become the raw material for food and medicine extraction. The paper focuses on the feeding value of Cichorium intybus L. and its application progress in animal production, to provide reference for further popularization and application of Cichorium intybus L. in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The signals of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) are often significantly overlapped in routine 1H‐MR spectra of human brain in vivo. Selectively probing the signals of Glu and Gln in vivo is very important for the study of the metabolisms in which Glu and Gln are involved. Methods: The Glu−/Gln‐ targeted pulse sequences are developed to selectively probe the signals of Glu and Gln. The core part of the Glu−/Gln‐ targeted pulse sequences lies on the preparation of the nuclear spin singlet orders (SSOs) of the five‐spin systems of Glu and Gln. The optimal control method is used to prepare the SSOs of Glu and Gln with high efficiency. Results: The Glu−/Gln‐ targeted pulse sequences have been applied on phantoms to selectively probe the signals of Glu and Gln. Moreover, in the in vivo experiments, the signals of Glu and Gln in human brains of healthy subjects have been successfully probed separately. Conclusion: The developed Glu−/Gln‐ targeted pulse sequences can be used to distinguish the 1H‐MR signals of Glu and Gln in human brains in vivo. The optimal control method provides an effective way to prepare the SSO of a specific spin system with high efficiency and in turn selectively probe the signals of a targeted molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]