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Background: p53, the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, lacks effective targeted drugs. Methods: We developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target a p53 hotspot mutation E285K without cross-reactivity with wild-type p53. They were delivered using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that encapsulate DNA plasmids. Western blot, BLI, flow cytometry, single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq), and other methods were employed to assess the function of mAbs in vitro and in vivo. Results: These LNP-pE285K-mAbs in the IgG1 format exhibited a robust anti-tumor effect, facilitating the infiltration of immune cells, including CD8+ T, B, and NK cells. scRNA-seq revealed that IgG1 reduces immune inhibitory signaling, increases MHC signaling from B cells to CD8+ T cells, and enriches anti-tumor T cell and B cell receptor profiles. The E285K-mAbs were also produced in the dimeric IgA (dIgA) format, whose anti-tumor activity depended on the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), a membrane Ig receptor, whereas that of IgG1 relied on TRIM21, an intracellular IgG receptor. Conclusions: Targeting specific mutant epitopes using DNA-encoded and LNP-delivered mAbs represents a potential precision medicine strategy against p53 mutants in TRIM21- or PIGR-positive cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air self‐charging aqueous batteries promise to integrate energy harvesting technology and battery systems, potentially overcoming a heavy reliance on energy and the spatiotemporal environment. However, the exploitation of multifunctional air self‐charging battery systems using promising cathode materials and suitable charge carriers remains challenging. Herein, for the first time, we developed low‐temperature self‐charging aqueous Zn−K hybrid ion batteries (AZKHBs) using a fully conjugated hexaazanonaphthalene (HATN)‐based porous aromatic framework as the cathode material, exhibiting redox chemistry using K+ as charge carriers, and regulating Zn‐ion solvation chemistry to guide uniform Zn plating/stripping. The unique AZKHBs exhibit the exceptional electrochemical properties in all‐climate conditions. Most importantly, the large potential difference causes the AZKHBs discharged cathode to be oxidized using oxygen, thereby initiating a self‐charging process in the absence of an external power source. Impressively, the air self‐charging AZKHBs can achieve a maximum voltage of 1.15 V, an impressive discharge capacity (466.3 mAh g−1), and exceptional self‐charging performance even at −40 °C. Therefore, the development of self‐charging AZKHBs offers a solution to the limitations imposed by the absence of a power grid in harsh environments or remote areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air self‐charging aqueous batteries promise to integrate energy harvesting technology and battery systems, potentially overcoming a heavy reliance on energy and the spatiotemporal environment. However, the exploitation of multifunctional air self‐charging battery systems using promising cathode materials and suitable charge carriers remains challenging. Herein, for the first time, we developed low‐temperature self‐charging aqueous Zn−K hybrid ion batteries (AZKHBs) using a fully conjugated hexaazanonaphthalene (HATN)‐based porous aromatic framework as the cathode material, exhibiting redox chemistry using K+ as charge carriers, and regulating Zn‐ion solvation chemistry to guide uniform Zn plating/stripping. The unique AZKHBs exhibit the exceptional electrochemical properties in all‐climate conditions. Most importantly, the large potential difference causes the AZKHBs discharged cathode to be oxidized using oxygen, thereby initiating a self‐charging process in the absence of an external power source. Impressively, the air self‐charging AZKHBs can achieve a maximum voltage of 1.15 V, an impressive discharge capacity (466.3 mAh g−1), and exceptional self‐charging performance even at −40 °C. Therefore, the development of self‐charging AZKHBs offers a solution to the limitations imposed by the absence of a power grid in harsh environments or remote areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of untimely monitoring of tool wear status during laser-ultrasonic compound cutting (LUCC), which leads to the reduction of process accuracy and product quality damage, a method of tool wear status monitoring based on acoustic emission (AE) and deep learning is proposed in this paper. The AE signal is collected and analyzed in the frequency and time-frequency domains by using Fourier transform (FT) and wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), it is found that the AE signal energy is mainly concentrated in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th frequency bands, and the energy of each frequency band in the signal increases gradually when the tool wear degree increases, however, the percentage of energy of each frequency band in the total energy shows different change trend. According to the amount of flank wear of the tool, the tool wear degree is divided into four tool wear states. The SVM model and BP neural network model were established based on MATLAB software to realize the tool wear state monitoring. The results show that the tool wear monitoring based on BP neural network is better than that of SVM for tool wear status monitoring. The model identification correct rate reaches 99 %, which is more suitable for the tool wear state monitoring designed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequently, unit disk graphs (UDGs) are used as abstractions of wireless networks. In the paper, we study the problem of finding an extended minimum connected dominating set (E-MCDS) in a wireless network with cooperative communication (CC), which was proposed in Wu et al. (IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 17(8):851–864, 2006) and is NP-hard. We propose a two-phase centralized algorithm to construct an extended connected dominating set (ECDS) for a given UDG with CC. First, we construct a 2-hop extended dominating set (EDS) in the UDG. Then, we add some new nodes into the 2-hop EDS to make it connected. To obtain the performance ratio of this two-phase centralized algorithm, we first give an upper bound on the size of the 2-hop EDS. Using this upper bound, we prove that the size of the ECDS found by the centralized algorithm is no greater than 27.192 opt - 3 or 160 ECDS opt - 3 , where opt and ECDS opt are the sizes of the minimum connected dominating set and the E-MCDS, respectively, in the UDG. Finally, a 160-approximate distributed algorithm based on the two-phase centralized algorithm is proposed, and its message and time complexities are analyzed, both of which are O (n 3) . Simulation results show that our work outperforms competing methods on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Heat stress poses a significant threat to maize, especially when combined with drought. Recent research highlights the potential of water replenishment to ameliorate grain weight loss. However, the mitigating mechanisms of heat in drought stress, especially during the crucial early grain‐filling stage, remain poorly understood. We investigated the mechanism for mitigating heat in drought stress by water replenishment from the 12th to the 32nd days after silking in a controlled greenhouse experiment (Exp. I) and field trial (Exp. II). A significant reduction in grain weight was observed in heat stress compared to normal conditions. When water replenishment was applied to increase soil water content (SWC) under heat stress, the grain yield exhibited a notable increase ranging from 28.4 to 76.9%. XY335 variety was used for transcriptome sequencing to analyze starch biosynthesis and amino acid metabolisms in Exp. I. With water replenishment, the transcripts of genes responsible for trehalose 6‐phosphate phosphates (TPP), alpha‐trehalase (TRE), ADP‐glcpyrophosphorylase, and starch synthase activity were stimulated. Additionally, the expression of genes encoding TPP and TRE contributed to an enhanced conversion of trehalose to glucose. This led to the conversion of sucrose from glucose‐1‐phosphate to ADP‐glucose and ADP‐glucose to amylopectin, ultimately increasing starch production by 45.1%. Water replenishment to boost SWC during heat stress also elevated the levels of essential amino acids in maize, including arginine, serine, tyrosine, leucine, glutamic acid, and methionine, providing valuable support to maize plants in adversity. Field trials further validated the positive impact of water replenishment on SWC, resulting in a notable increase in grain yield ranging from 7.1 to 9.2%. This study highlights the vital importance of adapting to abiotic stress and underscores the necessity of developing strategies to counteract its adverse effects on crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acting as a passive protective layer, solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the Li‐metal anode. Derived from the reductive decomposition of electrolytes (e.g. anion and solvent), the SEI construction presents as an interfacial process accompanied by the dynamic de‐solvation process during Li‐metal plating. However, typical electrolyte engineering and related SEI modification strategies always ignore the dynamic evolution of electrolyte configuration at the Li/electrolyte interface, which essentially determines the SEI architecture. Herein, by employing advanced electrochemical in situ FT‐IR and MRI technologies, we directly visualize the dynamic variations of solvation environments involving Li+‐solvent/anion. Remarkably, a weakened Li+‐solvent interaction and anion‐lean interfacial electrolyte configuration have been synchronously revealed, which is difficult for the fabrication of anion‐derived SEI layer. Moreover, as a simple electrochemical regulation strategy, pulse protocol was introduced to effectively restore the interfacial anion concentration, resulting in an enhanced LiF‐rich SEI layer and improved Li‐metal plating/stripping reversibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acting as a passive protective layer, solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the Li‐metal anode. Derived from the reductive decomposition of electrolytes (e.g. anion and solvent), the SEI construction presents as an interfacial process accompanied by the dynamic de‐solvation process during Li‐metal plating. However, typical electrolyte engineering and related SEI modification strategies always ignore the dynamic evolution of electrolyte configuration at the Li/electrolyte interface, which essentially determines the SEI architecture. Herein, by employing advanced electrochemical in situ FT‐IR and MRI technologies, we directly visualize the dynamic variations of solvation environments involving Li+‐solvent/anion. Remarkably, a weakened Li+‐solvent interaction and anion‐lean interfacial electrolyte configuration have been synchronously revealed, which is difficult for the fabrication of anion‐derived SEI layer. Moreover, as a simple electrochemical regulation strategy, pulse protocol was introduced to effectively restore the interfacial anion concentration, resulting in an enhanced LiF‐rich SEI layer and improved Li‐metal plating/stripping reversibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic alga Neopyropia, which holds significant value in China for its edibility and economic potential, harbors diverse epiphytic bacteria on its surface. The epiphytic bacteria on Neopyropia yezoensis and Neopyropia katadae, two nori species of Neopyropia living at the same tidal level but with distinct physiological states and living habits, were investigated to understand the differences between them and the effects of epiphytic bacteria on their differential characteristics. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of thalli and seawater samples (n=24) revealed notable differences in microbial diversity and community structure between the two species. Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial communities in association with N. yezoensis, whereas Proteobacteria were predominant in N. katadae. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) analysis revealed enriched genes that related to the ABC transport system, iron complex outer membrane receptor proteins, and proliferation in N. yezoensis, whereas N. katadae exhibited enrichment of genes that related to energy supply as well as cell wall and cell membrane production. The results of qPCR indicate a higher abundance of epiphytic bacteria on surface of N. yezoensis than those on surface of N. katadae. The findings indicate that differences in the living environments of N. yezoensis and N. katadae may result in distinct structural composition and abundance of epiphytic bacteria on their surfaces, thereby conferring specific biological functionalities to each microbial community, and the epiphytic bacteria may shape the living habits of hosts to some extents. This study provided a basis for understanding the close association between surface microorganisms and algal bodies, and the physiological and ecological characteristics of nori species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conjunction of Single‐Molecule Magnet (SMM) behavior and luminescence thermometry is an emerging research line aiming at contactless read‐out of temperature in future SMM‐based devices. The shared working range between slow magnetic relaxation and the thermometric response is typically narrow or absent. We report TbIII‐based emissive SMMs formed in a cyanido‐bridged framework whose properties are governed by the reversible structural transformation from [TbIII(H2O)2][CoIII(CN)6] ⋅ 2.7H2O (1) to its dehydrated phase, TbIII[CoIII(CN)6] (2). The 8‐coordinated complexes in 1 show the moderate SMM effect but it is enhanced for trigonal‐prismatic TbIII complexes in 2, showing the SMM features up to 42 K. They are governed by the combination of QTM, Raman, and Orbach relaxation with the energy barrier of 594(18) cm−1 (854(26) K), one of the highest among the TbIII‐based molecular nanomagnets. Both systems exhibit emission related to the f–f electronic transitions, with the temperature variations resulting in the optical thermometry below 100 K. The dehydration leads to a wide temperature overlap between the SMM behavior and thermometry, from 6 K to 42 K. These functionalities are further enriched after the magnetic dilution. The role of post‐synthetic formation of high‐symmetry TbIII complexes in achieving the SMM effect and hot‐bands‐based optical thermometry is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conjunction of Single‐Molecule Magnet (SMM) behavior and luminescence thermometry is an emerging research line aiming at contactless read‐out of temperature in future SMM‐based devices. The shared working range between slow magnetic relaxation and the thermometric response is typically narrow or absent. We report TbIII‐based emissive SMMs formed in a cyanido‐bridged framework whose properties are governed by the reversible structural transformation from [TbIII(H2O)2][CoIII(CN)6] ⋅ 2.7H2O (1) to its dehydrated phase, TbIII[CoIII(CN)6] (2). The 8‐coordinated complexes in 1 show the moderate SMM effect but it is enhanced for trigonal‐prismatic TbIII complexes in 2, showing the SMM features up to 42 K. They are governed by the combination of QTM, Raman, and Orbach relaxation with the energy barrier of 594(18) cm−1 (854(26) K), one of the highest among the TbIII‐based molecular nanomagnets. Both systems exhibit emission related to the f–f electronic transitions, with the temperature variations resulting in the optical thermometry below 100 K. The dehydration leads to a wide temperature overlap between the SMM behavior and thermometry, from 6 K to 42 K. These functionalities are further enriched after the magnetic dilution. The role of post‐synthetic formation of high‐symmetry TbIII complexes in achieving the SMM effect and hot‐bands‐based optical thermometry is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By crystal engineering of molecular magnets, unique magnetic functionalities can be intentionally designed. In this work, we synthesized a novel two-dimensional cyanido-bridged coordination network, [NiII(pz)4]{[NiII(pz)3][WV(CN)8]}2·3.5H2O (NiW, pz = pyrazole), which exhibits metamagnetic behavior. NiW has wavy coordination layers created by two differently sized molecular square ladders and exhibits strong intralayer ferromagnetic interactions. Nevertheless, due to the relatively short interlayer distance, NiW shows spontaneous antiferromagnetic ordering below a Néel temperature of 21 K. By applying an external magnetic field, such antiferromagnet can be converted into a ferromagnet with a coercive field of 600 Oe at 2 K, elucidating the metamagnetic behavior of NiW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the continuous discharge of wastewater, which has caused serious environmental pollution, it is a task to separate oil or water from wastewater. Therefore, an efficient and low‐cost oil–water separation method is needed to separate the oil–water mixture. Here, a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic low density polyethylene/styrene‐butadiene rubber (LDPE/SBR) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) film (oil contact angle of 0° and water contact angle of 161.1° ± 1.7°) is prepared using an etched aluminum foil as a template and applied to a laboratory‐assembled oil–water separation device, which is a new method for oil–water separation via a pressure response valve. The LDPE/SBR TPV film is rolled up and stuffed into the through‐valve, and the gap between the films is used as the pressure response channel for oil and water separation, thus achieving oil and water separation. When the film gap is 25 or 50 µm, the separation efficiency of TPV film is greater than 99% with the variation of external pumping force, indicating that this method can achieve complete oil–water separation under a suitable external pumping force. This functional TPV film has good recyclability, environmental stability, chemical stability, mechanical durability, as well as thermal stability, which makes it have great application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glaciers in Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard, located in the hotspot of global warming, are sensitive to climate change. The assessment of glacier mass balance in Svalbard is one of the hotspots in Arctic research. In this study, we use the laser altimetry ICESat-2 data to investigate the elevation and mass change of Svalbard from 2019 to 2021 by a hypsometric approach. It is shown that the Svalbard-wide elevation change rate is −0.775 ± 0.225 m yr−1 in 2019–2021, corresponding to the mass change of −14.843 ± 4.024 Gt yr−1. All regions exhibit a negative mass balance, and the highest mass loss rates are observed at Northwestern Spitsbergen. Compared with ICESat/ICESat-2 (2003–2008 to 2019) and Cryosat-2 (2011–2017) periods, the elevation change from 2019 to 2021 has accelerated, with an increase by 158.3% and 31.5%, respectively, leading to equilibrium line altitude increasing to 750 m. Among the seven subregions, four are accelerated. It is shown that the overall accelerated glacier mass loss in Svalbard is expected to be caused by increasing surge events and temperature rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting the ocean dynamics is a critical issue for a wide array of climate extremes and environmental crisis. The dynamic variations are traditionally approached by relying on numerical models with all the related physical processes identified beforehand. An efficient alternative forecasting approach is based on the data-driven models. Despite their potential ability in modeling spatio-temporal ocean data, they ignore the fact that the ocean variables in different spatial regions and time periods typically have ever changing influences on each other, thus cannot yield satisfactory prediction results. In this paper, we develop a novel attention based dynamic graph for the ocean variable forecasting problem, which captures both the spatial and temporal dependencies. Specifically, we employ joint self-attention to incorporate information from the spatial graph over the target region, and model the graph evolution across long-range time steps. The performance of the proposed prediction model has been examined in the Indian Ocean based on ocean grid data products datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that this model has significant forecasting capability within 12 months, compared with the numerical methods and the state-of-the-art spatio-temporal embedding baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) display long-term stability and an enhanced capability for multiplex biomarker detection, surpassing conventional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and fluorescence-based ICTs. In this study, we innovatively developed zwitterionic silica-coated MNPs (MNP@Si-Zwit/COOH) with outstanding antifouling capabilities and effectively utilised them for the simultaneous identification of the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A/B. The carboxyl-functionalised MNPs with 10% zwitterionic ligands (MNP@Si-Zwit 10/COOH) exhibited a wide linear dynamic detection range and the most pronounced signal-to-noise ratio when used as probes in the ICT. The relative limit of detection (LOD) values were achieved in 12 min by using a magnetic assay reader (MAR), with values of 0.0062 ng/mL for SARS-CoV-2 and 0.0051 and 0.0147 ng/mL, respectively, for the N protein of influenza A and influenza B. By integrating computer vision and deep learning to enhance the image processing of immunoassay results for multiplex detection, a classification accuracy in the range of 0.9672–0.9936 was achieved for evaluating the three proteins at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/mL. The proposed MNP-based ICT for the multiplex diagnosis of biomarkers holds substantial promise for applications in both medical institutions and self-administered diagnostic settings. [Display omitted] • Zwitterionic magnetic immunochromatographic assay systems were prepared. • Multiplex and diagnosis of biomarkers were performed under a magnetic reader. • Integration of computer vision and Deep-Learning were employed for imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchically structured nanocomposites derived from ZIF-67 as electrodes Configured with GO-based hydrogel as electrolytes for all-solid flexible and wearable supercapacitors were prepared. The supercapacitor exhibited a high specific capacitance with high conductivity, ultrahigh stretchability, and powerful adhesiveness. [Display omitted] • The all solid flexible and wearable supercapacitor was prepared. • Co 3 O 4 derived from ZIF-67 growth on NiCo 2 O 4 nanowires were prepared as electrode. • Graphene oxide based hydrogel were prepared as the solid electrolyte. • The supercapacitor exhibited a high specific capacitance. The flexible and wearable supercapacitors have attracted wide interest because of their widespread application in smart electronic devices with rapid charging and discharging. As an important part of supercapacitor, the electrode materials with a hollow structure, especially those with hierarchical structures that provide an array of continuous hollow cages, are considered promising. Because of its porous shell which is rich in redox reaction sites for supercapacitors. In this work, we fabricated a ZIF-67 derived hollow Co 3 O 4 growth on the surface of 1D NiCo 2 O 4 to assemble into a beaded structure. In this case, NiCo precursor acted as a structure-directing agent to grow a ZIF-67, a promising electroactive material of electrochemical capacitors to provide capacitance after calcination. Combined with the graphene oxide (GO) based high conductivity hydrogel as the solid electrolyte, the capacitance of the flexible supercapacitor exhibited a high specific capacitance of 90F g−1 at 0.5 A/g, and it was sturdy and durable. There was no significant loss of capacitance while suffering from bending and pressing. The outstanding electrochemical properties of the all-solid supercapacitor can be attributed to the unique nanostructure of the electrode that created more reactive active sites, increased the diffusion pathway for electrolyte ions, along with the high conductivity of the hydrogel electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Laser-ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (LA-UEVC) method was introduced for machining challenging cemented carbide. The machining parameters were estimated through numerical simulation, and the cutting forces, the tool wear and the workpiece surface quality were analyzed and investigated. Compared to precision cutting, during LA-UEVC of cemented carbide, the main cutting force and the cutting radial thrust force were reduced by 44.3% and 31.2%, respectively. Moreover, the tool wear decreased, which led to an increase in tool life by 118.8%, and a maximum reduction of 89.7% of Workpiece surface roughness was received. The impact of laser power and cutting parameters on surface roughness was analyzed through orthogonal experiments, and a surface roughness prediction model was established using a quadratic regression model. • Simulation and experiments align well, validating the thermal model's accuracy. • LA-UEVC reduces main cutting force and radial thrust force significantly, 44.3% and 31.2% less. • Tool life improves by 118%. LA-UEVC yields a uniform, smooth workpiece surface with 89.7% less roughness. • The surface roughness prediction model is established through a quadratic regression, with residuals remaining stable within − 0.01 µm and 0.01 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) were prepared by dynamic vulcanization, and the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the LDPE/SBR TPV and pure LDPE were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the crystallization processes of LDPE/SBR TPV and pure LDPE were depicted by the Avrami, Ozawa and Mo equation models. The findings indicated that the crystallization behavior of both LDPE/SBR TPV and pure LDPE can be described by the Mo model and Avrami model modified by the Jeziorny correction, while the Ozawa model was not applicable to describe the behavior. Kinetic data analysis showed that LDPE/SBR TPV had higher crystallization onset temperature (T0), peak crystallization temperature (Tp), and more stable crystallinity compared to pure LDPE at the same cooling rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper systematically investigates the principles of electrospinning technology and summarizes the latest developments in regulating the structure of sensitive materials and enhancing the performance of fiber-based sensors. • Focusing on current challenges such as integration and performance matching of multifunctional sensors, an exhaustive review of the manufacturing methods and sensitive mechanisms of multifunctional sensors is provided. • In addressing the current challenges in the manufacturing of fiber-based single-mode sensors and the integration of multifunctional sensors, recommendations and a forward-looking perspective on future advancements are proposed for the development of multimodal, high-performance sensors. Flexible temperature sensors: A review, Sensors and. Nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have developed into a mature and effective method for sensor preparation due to the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, and controllable structure. Despite the abundance of research on electrospun fiber-based sensors in recent years, there remains a notable gap in the literature concerning the comprehensive electrospun fiber preparation process, unimodal sensor applications, and the design and fabrication of multifunctional sensors. This article systematically reviews the progress of electrospinning in multifunctional sensing, exploring various facets of this technology. Starting from the development history of electrospinning, technical principles, material selection, and influence parameters are introduced. The latest research advances in electrospinning on pressure sensing, strain sensing, temperature and humidity sensing, and gas sensing are presented in detail around the performance parameters of high-performance sensors. Importantly, this paper reviews the latest progress in structural design, fabrication methods, and performance optimization. Then, this paper summarizes current technical challenges and offers insights into future research trends in electrospun sensors. This comprehensive review aims to provide practical and theoretical references for the design and fabrication of high-performance fiber-based multifunctional sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentiometric sensors based on the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as the receptors have been successfully developed for determination of various organic and biological species. However, these MIP receptors may suffer from problems of low selectivity. Especially, it would be difficult to distinguish the target analyte from its structurally similar interferents. In this work, we propose a novel strategy that using specific functional monomer to fabricate MIP with high selectivity towards the target molecule. The density functional theory calculations are used to investigate the interactions between the template and the functional monomer. The binding energy between the template and functional monomer can be used as the criterion for identifying the optimal monomer. As a proof-of-concept experiment, bisphenol A (BPA) is chosen as the template and the MIP is synthesized by the precipitation polymerization method using the specific allyl-β-cyclodextrin (allyl-β-CD) with high affinity towards BPA as the functional monomer. The high-affinity MIP is employed as the receptor for the construction of the potentiometric sensor. The proposed potentiometric sensor based on the MIP using allyl-β-CD as the functional monomer shows an improved response performance in terms of selectivity and sensitivity compared to the conventional potentiometric sensor based on the MIP with the common monomer (i.e., methacrylic acid). This allyl-β-CD MIP-based potentiometric sensor shows a detection limit of 0.29 μM for BPA, which is about one order of magnitude lower than that obtained by the conventional MIP-based potentiometric sensor. We believe that utilizing a functional monomer with specific recognition ability towards target in the fabrication of MIP could provide an appealing way to construct highly selective MIP-based electrochemical and optical sensors. A novel strategy for fabrication of highly selective molecularly imprinted polymer-based potentiometric sensor using the specific functional monomer is proposed. [Display omitted] • MIP-based potentiometric sensor using specific functional monomer is proposed. • Density functional theory is used to investigate the interactions between the template and the monomer. • The more negative binding energy shows that allyl-β-cyclodextrin possesses higher affinity to bisphenol A. • The proposed sensor exhibits excellent performance to the conventional MIP-based potentiometric sensor. • This strategy can be extended to construct highly selective MIP-based electrochemical and optical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ni(Co)Al-N catalyst were successfully prepared by using N doping method. • N enriched basic sites and oxygen vacancies were well developed on the catalyst surface. • The catalytic activity of carbonyl sulfide (COS) hydrolysis was greatly improved. • Basic sites and oxygen vacancies jointly contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity. • COS cannot adsorb on the catalyst surface and the reaction obeyed an E-R mechanism. Catalytic hydrolysis has been considered the most efficient method for the removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS). However, high-efficiency catalyst was urgently desired. In the present work, nitrogen-doped layered hydroxide-derived oxides (Ni(Co)Al-N) were successfully prepared. It was revealed that N enriched basic sites and oxygen vacancies were well developed for the prepared catalyst. And the catalytic activity was improved significantly. Among the catalysts, the NiAl-N catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity (can reach 780 min COS 100 % conversion) and lowest activation energy. The concept of OH generation potential was firstly proposed to evaluate the contribution of basic sites to the improvement of catalytic activity. The OH generation potential was greatly improved due to N doping. More importantly, the enhanced basic property and oxygen defect content jointly contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity. Besides, COS cannot adsorb on the catalyst surface and the reaction obeyed an E-R mechanism. Namely, H 2 O first adsorbed on basic sites to form OH groups, then COS reacted directly with the formed OH groups, and to generate H 2 S and CO 2 products. HCO 3 – and HSCO 2 − were the main intermediate species, and the rate-determining step was the reaction between OCOSH* and H* to form CO 2 and H 2 S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Pyropia contains several important cultivated species. Genetic research in nori species has mainly focused on the cell nucleus, with few studies on organelles (chloroplast and mitochondria). Due to the high copy numbers of organelles in cells, which influence the development and traits of algae, it is necessary to study their genetic mechanism. In this study, the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis, an important economic macroalga, was selected as the study object. To investigate organelle (chloroplast and mitochondria) inheritance in P. yezoensis, the wild type RZ (maternal strain) was crossed with the red mutant HT (paternal strain) and 30 color-sectors from 11 F1 gametophytic blades were examined. The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the red mutant (HT) were assembled for the first time. One reliable and stable single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci filtrated by bioinformatics analysis was used as a molecular marker for chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA, respectively, in subsequent experiments. PCR amplification and sequence analysis showed that the haplotypes of color-sectors detected were consistent with those of the maternal parent, confirming that both chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were inherited maternally in P. yezoensis. The inheritance pattern of organelles in P. yezoensis can be used to guide the hybridization and breeding of nori. Additionally, the organelle SNP markers developed in this study can be applied in subsequent genetic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross‐linking microstructure formed by the metal‐coordination bonds provides excellent properties for rubber materials. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) are successfully compounded with nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) to fabricate vulcanizates by the coordination cross‐linking. The curing characteristics, mobility of macromolecular segment, mechanical properties, morphology analysis, swelling properties, and dynamic features under cyclic compression of the vulcanizates are investigated systematically. The results indicate that the microstructure of 3D cross‐linking is held together by the metal‐coordination bonds between Cu2+ and CN. The torque during static vulcanization, tensile strength, and cross‐linking density of the obtained NBR/CuSO4/TMTM vulcanizates are better than that of NBR/CuSO4 vulcanizates, which is attributed to the synergistic effect between the radicals formed by the splitting of TMTM under thermal activation and the Cu2+; moreover, the highly reactive [Cu(SnCNMe2)]•2+ complexes are formed by the synergistic effect and promote the coordination stability of NBR and CuSO4 effectively. The excellent tensile properties of the prepared NBR/CuSO4/TMTM vulcanizates via synergistic effect made the metal‐coordination cross‐linking attractive in the field of industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Film formation was studied using experiments, simulations, and dimensional analyses. • Circulations caused by the competition of gravity and viscous forces were analyzed. • Surface renewal rate of super-high-viscosity liquid decreases with increasing viscosity. • The scraper can limit the film thickness and increase surface renewal rate. The film flow and surface renewal of highly viscous liquid on a rotating spoked disk were investigated experimentally and numerically. In practical applications, the liquid is a polycarbonate melt with very high viscosity and Newtonian behavior at low shear rates. In the experiments, a maltose solution was used. The film thickness on the rotating disk was measured by an electrical conductivity probe. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) model combined with the sliding mesh method was used to simulate the film formation process. The simulated dimensionless film thickness and the film formation process agree well with the experimental results. The film flow and surface renewal under different operation conditions were evaluated. Gravity and viscous forces dominate the process with inertia playing a marginal role. A scraper was designed to intensify transfer processes on the film significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio (CPR) and fibrinogen to prealbumin ratio (FPR) in serum are two emerging biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between these two markers and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scores (ASDAS). A total of 163 patients with AS and 120 healthy examinees were included in this study. The t -test and Mann-Whitney U ranking test were used to analyze the differences between groups. The spearman- test was used to analyze the correlation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fib), prealbumin (PAlb), CPR, FPR, and AS disease activity in the test group. We generated the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) of CPR and FPR and determined the discriminating ability by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Compared with the healthy group, ESR (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001), Fib (p < 0.001), CPR (p < 0.001), and FPR (p < 0.001) of AS patients were significantly increased, while PAlb was significantly reduced. CPR and FPR were more correlated to ASDAS-CRP. CPR was positively correlated with CRP, ESR, BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP in AS patients (r = 0.959, p < 0.001, r = 0.717, p < 0.001, r = 0.704, p < 0.001, r = 0.763, p < 0.001). FPR was positively correlated with CRP, ESR BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP in AS patients (r = 0.779, p < 0.001, r = 0709, p < 0.001, r = 0.551, p < 0.001, r = 0.763, p < 0.001). ROC showed that the AUC levels of CPR and FPR were high (AUC = 0.952 and AUC = 0.893). CPR and FPR are two promising new biological indicators for assessing disease activity in AS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms plays an important role in the growth of Pyropia haitanensis. To understand the structural and functional diversity of the microorganism community of P. haitanensis (PH40), the associated metabolic pathway network in cluster of orthologous groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were explored in metagenomic analysis. DNA extraction from gametophytes of P. haitanensis was performed first, followed by library construction, sequencing, preprocessing of sequencing data, taxonomy assignment, gene prediction, and functional annotation. The results show that the predominant microorganisms of P. haitanensis were bacteria (98.98%), and the phylum with the highest abundance was Proteobacteria (54.64%), followed by Bacteroidetes (37.92%). Erythrobacter (3.98%) and Hyunsoonleella jejuensis (1.56%) were the genera and species with the highest abundance of bacteria, respectively. The COG annotation demonstrated that genes associated with microbial metabolism was the predominant category. The results of metabolic pathway annotation show that the ABC transport system and two-component system were the main pathways in the microbial community. Plant growth hormone biosynthesis pathway and multi-vitamin biosynthesis functional units (modules) were the other important pathways. The CAZyme annotation revealed that the starch might be an important carbon source for microorganisms. Glycosyl transferase family 2 (GT2) and glycosyl transferase family 3 (GT3) were the highly abundant families in glucoside transferase superfamily. Six metagenome-assembled genomes containing enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) and indole-3-acetic acid were obtained by binning method. They were confirmed to belong to Rhodobacterales and Rhizobiales, respectively. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into the microorganism community of Pyropia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the last century, we have witnessed the development of molecular magnetism which deals with magnetic materials based on molecular species, i.e., organic radicals and metal complexes. Among them, the broadest attention was devoted to molecule-based ferro-/ferrimagnets, spin transition materials, including those exploring electron transfer, molecular nanomagnets, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular qubits, and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials. Their physical properties open the application horizons in sensors, data storage, spintronics, and quantum computation. It was found that various optical phenomena, such as thermochromism, photoswitching of magnetic and optical characteristics, luminescence, nonlinear optical and chiroptical effects, as well as optical responsivity to external stimuli, can be implemented into molecule-based magnetic materials. Moreover, the fruitful interactions of these optical effects with magnetism in molecule-based materials can provide new physical cross-effects and multifunctionality, enriching the applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices. This Review aims to show the scope of optical phenomena generated in molecule-based magnetic materials, including the recent advances in such areas as high-temperature photomagnetism, optical thermometry utilizing SMMs, optical addressability of molecular qubits, magneto-chiral dichroism, and opto-magneto-electric multifunctionality. These findings are discussed in the context of the types of optical phenomena accessible for various classes of molecule-based magnetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterproof fabrics, especially those consisting of hydrophobic microfibers, could protect human from severe weather conditions and environments, and thus are wildly used in sportswear, outdoor products, medicinal, and skin care. However, conventional electrospun hydrophobic microfibers usually lack thermoregulatory functions to provide more comfortable environments, and existing techniques to achieve thermoregulation require delicate fabrications and usually reduce their mechanical performance. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a low-cost water doping method to tune the thermoregulatory and tensile performance of electrospun hydrophobic microfibers. Through an emulsification and subsequent emulsion-electrospinning process, water in PMMA microfibers with 25–45 µm large diameter (W/P-L) and that with 2.5–4 µm small diameter (W/P-S) are fabricated to study the effect of water addition. The water, which exhibit high specific heat capacity, improves the material's heat storage capacity. Additionally, the water in hydrophobic microfibers facilitates the formation of a solid-vapor-liquid double interface, thus augmenting the insulating capacity of fibrous membranes and enhancing their thermoregulatory performance. The integration between soft and rigid materials improves the tensile performance of microfibers. Owing to the reliable encapsulation, our water doping method not only enables the fibrous membranes possessing better thermoregulatory and mechanical properties but also retains the excellent water repellency ability of microfiber architecture, thus broadening the potentiality of electrospun fibrous membranes when used as materials for waterproof sportswear, and other outdoor products. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new sensitivity model based on the VB-PCE and POD reduction algorithm is proposed. • The effectiveness of model is illustrated with the prediction accuracy 93.34%. • The model needs less number of iterations and smaller relative error within 0.1%. Fatigue crack growth is normally influenced by multiple factors, including crack length, crack depth, crack angle and section radius. In this paper, an improved sensitivity surrogate model is proposed based on the VB-PCE model and POD reduction algorithm. Through the dynamic and static structural analysis and multi-order sensitivity calculations of parameters, a quantitative analysis of the multiple uncertain variables' influence on the structural stress intensity factor is achieved. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the model are verified through a typical port crane. The results demonstrate that the angle of the crack has the greatest effect on the crack parameters, while the radius of the crack interface has the least effect. The average sensitivity prediction accuracy of the influencing parameters is 93.34%. The modified sensitivity model can rapidly solve the problem of high-dimensional parameters with high efficiency and good convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio (CPR) and fibrinogen to prealbumin ratio (FPR) in serum are two emerging biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between these two markers and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scores (ASDAS). A total of 163 patients with AS and 120 healthy examinees were included in this study. The t -test and Mann-Whitney U ranking test were used to analyze the differences between groups. The spearman- test was used to analyze the correlation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fib), prealbumin (PAlb), CPR, FPR, and AS disease activity in the test group. We generated the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) of CPR and FPR and determined the discriminating ability by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Compared with the healthy group, ESR (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001), Fib (p < 0.001), CPR (p < 0.001), and FPR (p < 0.001) of AS patients were significantly increased, while PAlb was significantly reduced. CPR and FPR were more correlated to ASDAS-CRP. CPR was positively correlated with CRP, ESR, BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP in AS patients (r = 0.959, p < 0.001, r = 0.717, p < 0.001, r = 0.704, p < 0.001, r = 0.763, p < 0.001). FPR was positively correlated with CRP, ESR BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP in AS patients (r = 0.779, p < 0.001, r = 0709, p < 0.001, r = 0.551, p < 0.001, r = 0.763, p < 0.001). ROC showed that the AUC levels of CPR and FPR were high (AUC = 0.952 and AUC = 0.893). CPR and FPR are two promising new biological indicators for assessing disease activity in AS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we describe a novel method to improve the detection limits of the non-classical polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) which are conditioned with highly discriminated ions instead of primary ions. It is based on a thin-layer ISE membrane with a thickness of 5 μm, which is coated on ordered mesoporous carbon used as solid contact. The diffusion of the primary ion from the surface of the sensing membrane to the bulk of the membrane could be avoided by the proposed thin membrane configuration. Since the detection sensitivity of the non-classical ISEs depends on the accumulation of the primary ion in the interfacial layer of the sensing membrane, a lower detection limit can be obtained. By using the copper ion as a model, the present potentiometric sensor shows a significantly improved detection sensitivity compared to the conventional ISE with a membrane thickness of ca. 200 μm. Low detection limits of 0.29 and 0.53 nM can be obtained in 0.01 and 0.5 M NaCl, respectively. In addition, the proposed sensor exhibits an excellent reversibility by using a neutral proton-selective ionophore incorporated in the thin membrane. For the first time, a thin membrane configuration based on non-equilibrium mechanism is used to improve the detection limit of the non-classical ISEs. Image 1 • A novel thin polymeric membrane potentiometric sensor is developed. • The thin membrane configuration is used to improve the detection limit of the non-classical potentiometric sensor. • The proposed sensor shows a significantly improved detection sensitivity compared to the conventional ISEs. • The thin membrane-based concept can be extended to improve sensing performance of other polymeric membrane ISEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) made from the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/nitrile rubber (NBR) blend was fabricated using the dynamic vulcanization method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of both pure EVA and EVA/NBR TPV. The nonisothermal crystallization mechanism was evaluated using the Avrami method modified by Jeziorny, the Ozawa method and the Mo method. The results demonstrate that the nonisothermal crystallization of both pure EVA and EVA/NBR TPV can be adequately described by the Avrami method modified by Jeziorny and the Mo method, while the Ozawa method is not applicable. By elevating the cooling rate, there was a reduction in the crystallization temperature and t1/2 for both pure EVA and EVA/NBR TPV, while the degree of crystallization increased. At the same cooling rate, the crystallization temperature of the EVA/NBR TPV was found to be higher than that of the pure EVA, suggesting that the presence of NBR facilitated the nucleation of the EVA matrix within the EVA/NBR TPV. Moreover, a steric hindrance effect existed in the NBR phase of EVA/NBR TPV at the same cooling rate, resulting in a larger t 1/2 compared to that of the pure EVA, indicating hindered crystal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camellia oil is a unique high-end woody edible vegetable oil in China. In particular, camellia oil from Hainan is recognized as having unique quality and high value. Protecting the authenticity of its origin is essential to ensure the reputation and quality safety of the Hainan camellia oil market. Thus, we explored the potential of stable isotopes and mineral elements to origin traceability of camellia oil from Hainan, and analyzed the three stable isotopes and 21 mineral elements of camellia oil using stable isotope mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The results showed that there were significant regional differences in stable isotope ratios and mineral element contents of camellia oil from different areas. The constructed convolutional neural network (CNN) model showed higher classification accuracy than other common classification models including orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest. It not only distinguished the camellia oil from Hainan and other main producing areas with an accuracy of 93.33%, but also correctly identified the camellia oil from various regions in Hainan with an accuracy of 98.57%. Our research showed that stable isotope and mineral element characteristics were efficient indicators for identifying the geographic origin of camellia oil, and helped to fill the gap in the identification of camellia oil origin in China. • Combine stable isotopes with mineral elements to improve discrimination accuracy. • CNN model achieved the best performance compared with other classification models. • Important characteristic markers were screened out by random forest and OPLS-DA. • δ2H and δ18O were important contributors for camellia oil origin identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract To guarantee solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) safe operation, plenty control strategies have been developed to control stack temperature and voltage within a reasonable range. However, these control approaches ignore unmodeled dynamics of the SOFC system, which may lead to unsatisfactory control results, sometimes even make the system unstable. To overcome this challenge, a unique control strategy which considers unmodeled dynamic compensations of the SOFC system is proposed in this paper. A model of the SOFC system is firstly built, which includes a known linear model and an unmodeled nonlinear dynamic estimation. A nonlinear controller based on the unmodeled dynamic compensation is then developed to force the SOFC to track desired stack temperature and voltage. To evaluate the control performance, the proposed control method is compared with a traditional sliding mode controller. The simulation results show if the unmodeled dynamics have a small effect on the SOFC, both the sliding mode controller and the proposed controller can achieve a precise tracking. If the unmodeled dynamics have a great impact on the SOFC, the temperature and voltage can be well controlled with the proposed control strategy. However, in the sliding mode controller, the temperature and voltage trajectories deviate largely from the reference values. Highlights • A novel control strategy for the SOFC system is proposed. • A SOFC model with unmodeled dynamic estimation is built. • A nonlinear controller based on unmodeled dynamic compensation is designed. • SOFC is well controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lignin has been considered to be a potential feedstock to produce phenols chemicals by fast pyrolysis technology because of its aromaticity. In this work, four types of lignin were isolated from palm kernel shell with different severities: milled wood lignin (MWL), alkali lignin (AL), Klason lignin (KL), and organosolv ethanol lignin (OEL). A deep investigation of the relevance of the pyrolysis behaviors and chemical structure was carried out by FTIR, GPC, 2D-HSQC-NMR, TGA-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. AL contained highest content of β -O-4 aryl ether bond (53.9/100 Ar) and highest value of S/G ratio (1.68). MWL showed the widest temperature range (126–536 °C) of thermal degradation because of its inhomogeneous distribution of molecular weight. Highest content of oxygen-containing non-condensable gas components (H 2 O, CO 2 , CO) was observed in AL. The dominant organic components from lignin pyrolysis were S-type phenols, G-type phenols, P-type phenols, and C-type phenols. G-type (9.74–26.01%) was the dominant phenols products in AL, while P-type (44.23–56.01%) for KL, P-type (29.38–56.07%) for OEL, and G-type (9.08–25.81%) and P-type (22.60–29.04%) in MWL. Higher pyrolysis temperature promoted the formation of aromatics. As the conversion rate increased from 0.1 to 0.8, the activation energy estimated from DAEM model of four types of lignin, all gradually increased. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Four lignins were isolated from kernels under different process severities. • Detailed chemical structure of four lignins was tested by the FTIR, GPC, and NMR. • Highest content of oxygen-containing gas components (H 2 O, CO 2 , CO) was observed in AL pyrolysis. • G-type was the dominant phenols in AL pyrolysis, while P-type for KL, P-type for OEL, G- and P-type in MWL. • Higher pyrolysis temperature promoted the formation of aromatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Difference of the thermal degradation behaviors and kinetics of PKS in nitrogen and air was investigated. • Higher weight loss was observed in the air than nitrogen in the three stage. • The component of evolved gas and its evolution pattern was systematically investigated. • Heating rate had no remarkable effect on the kinetic triple. • The most probable mechanism function was estimated in Zone I and Zone II. Abstract Palm oil waste from palm oil industry is a promising biomass resource for bio-fuels and bio-chemicals production by biomass thermochemical conversion technology. In this paper, thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) were used to investigate the difference of the thermal degradation behaviors and kinetics of palm kernel shell under nitrogen and air atmosphere. Based on the TG analysis, the weight loss in the third stage with the air atmosphere was higher than the nitrogen atmosphere, presenting as weight loss of 12.4 wt. % in the carbonization stage of nitrogen atmosphere and 36.9 wt. % in combustion stage of air atmosphere. Based on the 3D-FTIR analysis, the dominant components in the nitrogen atmosphere was CO 2 , C O bond contained organics, and C H or C O bond contained organics, while CO 2 and H 2 O in the air atmosphere. The evolution and formation mechanism of non-condensable inorganic gaseous components (H 2 O, CH 4 , CO 2 and CO) in the two atmospheres were remarkably different. The H 2 O and CO 2 were mainly contributed by the breakage of OH group and the cracking/reforming reaction of C O and COOH groups in the nitrogen, however higher contents of H 2 O and CO 2 were observed because of the combustion reaction in the air. The CH 4 and CO were mainly contributed by the decomposition of OCH 3 , CH 3 , CH 2 groups and the cracking of carboxyl group in the nitrogen, while the content of CH 4 decreased by the diluting of H 2 O and CO 2 , and the CO increased by the incomplete combustion reaction in the air. The kinetic triple (mechanism function, activation energy, and pre-exponential factor) was estimated by the combined use of model-free (Ozawa and Kissinger) and model-fitting (Šatava-Šesták) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The hollow h-Ni 2 P-G/CNTs microspheres were fabricated by one-step phosphorous of Ni-MOF precursor. • The robust hollow framework with a large specific surface provides great advantages for energy storage. • The h-Ni 2 P-G/CNTs anode displays excellent electrochemical performances of LIBs/SIBs. • The excellent performances can be attributed to the synergistic effect between h-Ni 2 P, Ni, and G/CNTs. Transition metal phosphides as anode materials for energy storage batteries have attracted great attention due to their high specific capacity and safety. However, it is difficult to maintain the structural stability of the electrode material during the repeated Li+/Na+ insertion/ deintercalation process, especially at a high rate and long-life cycle. Herein, the graphene/carbon nanotubes coated Ni 2 P (h-Ni 2 P-G/CNTs) microspheres composite with hollow structure has been successfully prepared by one-step phosphorous heat treatment of Ni-MOF precursor microspheres and applied in the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) anode. When the h-Ni 2 P-G/CNTs is used as an anode for LIBs, it delivers high reversible capacities of 506 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.2 A/g. As an anode for SIBs, the electrode provides 430 mAh/g capacity at 0.1 A/g after 180 cycles. The excellent performances can be attributed to the synergistically structural and electronic modulations between h-Ni 2 P, Ni, and G/CNTs, which provide more space to alleviate the volume effect on cycling and shortens the ion/charge diffusion path to speed up the reaction kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast density is an important risk factor for breast cancer development; however, imager inconsistency in density reporting can lead to patient and clinician confusion. A deep learning (DL) model for mammographic density grading was examined in a retrospective multi-reader multi-case study consisting of 928 image pairs and assessed for impact on inter- and intra-reader variability and reading time. Seven readers assigned density categories to the images, then re-read the test set aided by the model after a 4-week washout. To measure intra-reader agreement, 100 image pairs were blindly double read in both sessions. Linear Cohen Kappa (κ) and Student's t-test were used to assess the model and reader performance. The model achieved a κ of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.89) for four-class density assessment and a κ of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.93) for binary non-dense/dense assessment. Superiority tests showed significant reduction in inter-reader variability (κ improved from 0.70 to 0.88, p ≤ 0.001) and intra-reader variability (κ improved from 0.83 to 0.95, p ≤ 0.01) for four-class density, and significant reduction in inter-reader variability (κ improved from 0.77 to 0.96, p ≤ 0.001) and intra-reader variability (κ improved from 0.89 to 0.97, p ≤ 0.01) for binary non-dense/dense assessment when aided by DL. The average reader mean reading time per image pair also decreased by 30%, 0.86 s (95% CI: 0.01, 1.71), with six of seven readers having reading time reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epicardial progenitor cells (EpiCs) have a crucial role in cardiac development and vasculature formation. Here we detected the expression of Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors AT1 and AT2 on EpiCs and demonstrated that AngII could increase the expression of smooth muscle specific markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and myosin heavy chain 11 (Myh11) in EpiCs. Moreover, the expression of α-SMA and Myh11 induced by Ang II was blocked by pretreatment of EpiCs with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, but not the AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319. We further showed that the AngII-induced cells showed significant contractile responses to carbachol. These results implied that AngII could effectively induce EpiCs to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle-like cells through the AT1 receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cyanido-bridged layered {[DyIII(4-OHpy)2(H2O)3][CoIII(CN)6]}·0.5H2O (1) (4-OHpy = 4-hydroxypyridine) framework with dual photo-luminescence and magnetic properties was prepared. 1 exhibits visible emission whose color, yellow to greenish-blue, is switchable by selected wavelengths of UV excitation light. Magnetic data revealed that 1 shows not only the slow magnetic relaxation of a typical DyIII single-ion origin but also the relaxation process caused by the magnetic dipole–magnetic dipole interactions between the neighbouring DyIII centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a rational strategy to link electroactive organic building blocks (HATN) using dual thioether bond and then in-situ polymerize it onto CNT (designed as PAF-205/CNT). As expected, PAF-205/CNT as the cathode material for ZIBs shows higher initial capacity, stable long cycle stability and excellent rate performance. [Display omitted] • Pyrazine-based porous aromatic frameworks are in-situ grown on carbon nanotube. • Porous aromatic frameworks integrate electroactive blocks using dual thioether bond. • The composite is applied as the cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries. • The storage mechanism is confirmed by the experimental analyses and theory calculation. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered intensive focus as a new generation of environmentally friendly and low-cost energy storage devices. However, the instability of the structure caused by Zn2+ insertion/extraction and slow kinetics limit its further development. Here, we proposed a rational strategy to link electroactive organic building blocks (HATN) using dual thioether bond and then in-situ polymerize it on carbon nanotube (CNT) (PAF-205/CNT). The extensive conjugated system constructed by sulfide chain and the introduction of conductive matrix can improve its conductive properties, thus increasing the utilization rate of active sites. As expected, PAF-205/CNT as the host material for zinc-ion storage shows a high initial capacity of 328.5 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1, a nearly 76.2 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 20 A/g and a rate capacity of 89 mA h g−1 at 20 A/g. Furthermore, experimental analyses and theoretical calculation were performed to reveal the charge storage mechanism. Also, PAF-205/CNT cathode also shows good electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Our study provides a strategy and insight for the rational design of promising organic electroactive materials for advanced metal-ion Batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspecific hybrids often produce extensive gametic variation due to poor chromosome pairing and unbalanced chromosome segregation. To elucidate the influence of interspecific hybridisation on pollen variation in Populus L., we compared pollen size among three P. deltoides Marsh. clones, two P. nigra L. clones, and three P. deltoides × P. nigra hybrids and investigated the cytological mechanism of pollen variation by observing meiotic chromosome behaviour and microtubules. The frequency of shrunken and unstainable pollen grains was higher in the hybrids (15.54-57.28 %) than in the non-hybrid clones (0.98-4.82 %). The distribution of stained pollen size ranged more broadly in the hybrids than in the non-hybrids, suggesting that hybridisation increases pollen size variation. Precocious chromosome migration and lagging chromosomes were common in the hybrids, indicating poor chromosome pairing. Some micronuclei formed minispindles in metaphase II and emanated secondary nuclear-based radial microtubule systems in telophase II, undergoing cytokinesis to develop into microcytes in the meiotic products. Eliminated micronuclei might result in the formation of aneuploid pollen. The frequency of sporads with microcytes was higher in the hybrids (3.19-11.08 %) than in the non-hybrids (0-0.94 %). Disoriented spindles, including fused and tripolar spindles, led to the formation of dyads and triads, contributing to unreduced pollen production. These results provide new insights into the gametic variation of Populus interspecific hybrids and reveal several 2n pollen producers, which will be valuable in polyploid breeding of the section Aigeiros Duby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the heterogeneous and discontinuous properties in concrete, realistic fracture parameters were hardly obtained rationally based on traditional methods. The material heterogeneity and discontinuity may be more significant under the attack of high temperature. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to propose a predictive solution for fracture modeling of AASC (alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) blended sea sand concrete) after exposure to elevated temperature. First, fracture test was performed on AASC after exposure to four high temperatures plus one room temperature. The fracture process and failure mechanism were analyzed and clarified at both macro- and micro-scales. Subsequently, an analytical model was presented to determine the fracture parameters of AASC by incorporating the material heterogeneity and discontinuity. The realistic tensile strength f t , fracture toughness K IC and fracture energy G F were then explicitly linked to the maximum fracture load F max by virtue of boundary effect model. Results show that the load-displacement curve becomes gentler and the failure mode is changed from trans -granular fracture to inter-granular fracture as the temperature increases. Once the F max is obtained from the test, the realistic f t , K IC and G F from each specimen can be predicted conveniently. The scatters in the predicted parameters would be clarified assisted by statistical analysis. As the temperature increases, the f t is reduced and the reduction becomes larger. But the G F shows insignificant variation until the temperature attains 400 °C, and apparently decreases as the temperature is further enhanced. Moreover, the predicted fracture parameters of AASC with higher GGBFS/FA mass ratio are larger than those of the other AASC below 400 °C. However, the former has higher strength loss than the latter. The crack resistance of AASC after exposure to high temperature can be well clarified based on the proposed predictive model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report a nano-fluorophore prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) method based on reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The macromolecular chain transfer agent was polyethylene glycol-based trithiocarbonate, and the monomer was a chalcone derivative terminated with ethylene group. The reaction/assembly was conducted in dioxane, where nanoparticles with extremely uniform size (~200 nm) was formed. The nanoparticles were transferred into aqueous solution, and shrank to ~100 nm with excellent dispersion. The nanoparticles showed fluorescence emission at around 570 nm, and after being transferred to aqueous solution, the emission intensity was significantly enhanced. Being covered with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol, the nano-fluorophores possess excellent biocompatibility, and was successfully applied to label HeLa cells for fluorescent imaging. This study presents a novel avenue for including fluorescent dyes into polymeric nanoparticles with narrow size-distribution, tailorable solubility and biocompatibility. [Display omitted] • Nanoparticles including chalcone derivatives were prepared using polymerization-induced self-assembly method. • The nanoparticles are well dispersed in water with diameter of ~ 100 nm and narrow size-distribution. • The excellent fluorescent emission and good biocompatibility of the nanoparticles allow for high-contrast cell-imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinoid-binding protein7 (RBP7) is a member of the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) family, which is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The study aims to illustrate the prognostic value and the potential regulatory mechanisms of RBP7 expression in breast cancer. Bioinformatics analysis with the TCGA and CPTAC databases revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of RBP7 in normal were higher compared to breast cancer tissues. Survival analysis displayed that the lower expression of RBP7, the worse the prognosis in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. Genomic analysis showed that low expression of RBP7 correlates with its promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that downregulation of RBP7 expression may exert its biological influence on breast cancer through the PPAR pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, we identified RBP7 as a novel biomarker that is helpful for the prognosis of ER+ breast cancer patients. Promoter methylation of RBP7 is involved in its gene silencing in breast cancer, thus regulating the occurrence and development of ER+ breast cancer through the PPAR and PI3K/AKT pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gas release within Li‐ion batteries, particularly during cycling and storage, can result in rapid performance degradation and potential safety hazards. However, this area has not garnered sufficient attention until now, primarily because the gassing information collected by typical OEMS/DEMS is quite limited and even inaccurate. Herein, for the first time, a state‐of‐the‐art on‐line GC‐BID/MS to full‐dimensionally analyze the gassing behavior within both lab‐scale coin‐type cell (in situ mode) and industry‐scale pouch‐type cell (operando mode) is originally designed/constructed. Not limited to common permanent gases (e.g. H2, CO, etc.) detected by online GC‐BID, but also complicated/various (semi‐)volatile products are identified/quantified by online GC‐MS. Based on the real‐time evolution information of water, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, esters, and hydrocarbons, the decomposition mechanisms of electrolyte on both graphite anode and/or LCO cathode sides is further supplemented/perfected. Moreover, at the level of the device, series derivative/crosstalk reactions induced by trapped/accumulated gaseous species are unveiled in practical pouch‐cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better study the creep deformation characteristics of rock under different stresses, the generalized Burgers model was used as the basic model after analyzing the creep characteristics of rock and its relationship with stress and strain, and its application scope was verified. Based on the damage mechanics theory, a viscoplastic body considering aging damage was established, which was connected with the generalized Burgers model in series. A new nonlinear creep constitutive model was obtained, which was extended to three dimensions. In addition, the relationship between model parameters and damage variables was established by introducing damage variables that considered damage effects. The unsteady creep constitutive model of rock is obtained, and the correctness and rationality of the model are verified by test data. The results show that this model not only accurately reflects the creep characteristics of attenuation and steady creep stage but also overcomes the defect that the generalized Burgers model is difficult to describe the accelerated creep. Considering the deterioration of creep parameters with time, the creep damage process of rock under different stress states can be better described, which provides a new idea for establishing unsteady creep model and determining model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]