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The hot compression deformation of AZ81 magnesium alloy after deformation was carried out on Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator, and the hot deformation characteristics were studied. The maximum true strain is set to 0.7, the deformation temperature is 300 °C, 350 °C, 400 °C and 450 °C, and the deformation rate is 0,01 s-1, 0,1 s-1 and 1 s-1. The hot processing map was calculated and drawn, and the microstructure of different compression processes was compared. The results show that the deformation temperature is (400 ± 20)°C, the strain rate is 0,1 s-1, and the crystal is fine and uniform, which is the best hot processing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels contribute to various pathologies such as ageing, diabetes, heart failure and ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Nicotinamide riboside (NR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic NAD+ precursor due to efficient NAD+ elevation and was recently shown to be the only agent able to reduce cardiac IRI in models employing clinically relevant anesthesia. However, through which metabolic pathway(s) NR mediates IRI protection remains unknown. Furthermore, the influence of insulin, a known modulator of cardioprotective efficacy, on the protective effects of NR has not been investigated. Here, we used the isolated mouse heart allowing cardiac metabolic control to investigate: (1) whether NR can protect the isolated heart against IRI, (2) the metabolic pathways underlying NR-mediated protection, and (3) whether insulin abrogates NR protection. NR protection against cardiac IRI and effects on metabolic pathways employing metabolomics for determination of changes in metabolic intermediates, and 13C-glucose fluxomics for determination of metabolic pathway activities (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and mitochondrial/tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) activities), were examined in isolated C57BL/6N mouse hearts perfused with either (a) glucose + fatty acids (FA) ("mild glycolysis group"), (b) lactate + pyruvate + FA ("no glycolysis group"), or (c) glucose + FA + insulin ("high glycolysis group"). NR increased cardiac NAD+ in all three metabolic groups. In glucose + FA perfused hearts, NR reduced IR injury, increased glycolytic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), TCA intermediate succinate and PPP intermediates ribose-5P (R5P) / sedoheptulose-7P (S7P), and was associated with activated glycolysis, without changes in TCA cycle or PPP activities. In the "no glycolysis" hearts, NR protection was lost, whereas NR still increased S7P. In the insulin hearts, glycolysis was largely accelerated, and NR protection abrogated. NR still increased PPP intermediates, with now high 13C-labeling of S7P, but NR was unable to increase metabolic pathway activities, including glycolysis. Protection by NR against IRI is only present in hearts with low glycolysis, and is associated with activation of glycolysis. When activation of glycolysis was prevented, through either examining "no glycolysis" hearts or "high glycolysis" hearts, NR protection was abolished. The data suggest that NR's acute cardioprotective effects are mediated through glycolysis activation and are lost in the presence of insulin because of already elevated glycolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical properties of liquid alloy are crucial for many science fields. However, acquiring these properties remains challenging. By means of the deep neural network (DNN), here we presented a deep learning interatomic potential for the Ti–Ni–Cr–Al liquid system. Meanwhile, the thermophysical properties of the Ti–Ni–Cr–Al liquid alloy were experimentally measured by electrostatic levitation and electromagnetic levitation technologies. The DNN potential predicted this liquid system accurately in terms of both atomic structures and thermophysical properties, and the results were in agreement with the ab initio molecular dynamics calculation and the experimental values. A further study on local structure carried out by Voronoi polyhedron analysis showed that the cluster exhibited a tendency to transform into high-coordinated cluster with a decrease in the temperature, indicating the enhancement of local structure stability. This eventually contributed to the linear increase in the density and surface tension, and the exponential variation in the viscosity and the diffusion coefficient with the rise of undercooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inner barrier in stepped quantum wells, which embrace an intrinsic structural inversion asymmetry (SIA), offers more possibilities for the multi-band spin–orbit (SO) control. By varying the inner band offset δ , which adjusts the quantum confinement for electrons and also the SIA, we reveal that both the Rashba ( α ν ) and Dresselhaus ( β ν ) SO coeffcients of the two subbands exhibit contrasting dependence on δ. Also, α 1 and α 2 may have opposite signs, depending on the value of δ. By fine tuning the inner offset, there may even exist a scenario in which α 2 identically vanishes but α 1 is finite, offering a knob on how to subband-selectively suppress spin relaxation induced by SO coupling. In addition, by resorting to an external gate V g , we reveal that in the regime of α 1 and α 2 having opposite signs, their magnitudes also vary with V g in an opposite manner. This, together with the engineered inner barrier of stepped wells, will facilitate flexible spin manipulation. Finally, the interband SO couplings, which depend on the spatial overlap of wave functions of distinct subbands and the corresponding parities, are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) proteins is the critical rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Echinoderms are extremely important research objects in various fields, such as regeneration studies and developmental biology. However, to date, the genome-wide characterization and analysis of Elovl genes in echinoderms have not been investigated. In this study, the identification and analysis of Elovl genes in 10 representative echinoderms were performed using bioinformatics methods. A total of 117 Elovl genes have been found in the studied echinoderms. The phylogenetic tree showed that all Elovl genes from echinoderms can be subdivided into 6 classes, Elovl3-like class, Elovl4-like class, Elovl5-like class, Elovl6-like class, Elovl7-like class, and Elovl8-like class. Furthermore, the selection pressure analysis suggested that Elovl genes in echinoderms were mainly constrained by strong purifying selection events. In general, this study provides a molecular basis for echinoderm Elovl genes and may serve as a reference for in-depth phylogenomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competition between forward stimulated Raman side scatter (FSRSS) and backward stimulated Raman side scatter (BSRSS) is investigated in inhomogeneous plasma using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Experimental observations at the National Ignition Facility have demonstrated the significance of stimulated Raman side scatter or backscatter instability compared to two-plasmon-decay under ignition-scale conditions for various laser beam geometries. Side scatter refers to the geometry where the Raman scattered light is generated in a direction perpendicular to the local density gradient. For an obliquely incident pump, the scattered light can either copropagate (FSRSS) or counter propagate (BSRSS) with respect to the pump. Under ignition-scale conditions, linear analysis shows that both BSRSS and FSRSS are absolutely unstable (temporally growing) at higher densities ( n e ∼ 0.2 n c ), whereas at lower densities ( n e ∼ 0.1 n c ), BSRSS becomes convective with substantial gain, while FSRSS remains absolute. Two-dimensional PIC simulations demonstrate that the competition between BSRSS and FSRSS is sensitive to the density. BSRSS tends to dominate at higher densities, while FSRSS becomes dominant at lower densities. At moderate densities ( n e ∼ 0.15 n c ), FSRSS and BSRSS coexist. Furthermore, an increase in laser intensity leads to enhanced electron trapping, which kinetically strengths and then saturates BSRSS in the lower density region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs) are the most extreme star-forming systems observed in the early Universe, and their properties still elude comprehensive understanding. We have undertaken a large XMM – Newton observing programme to probe the total accreting black hole population in three HyLIRGs at z = 2.12, 3.25, and 3.55, gravitationally lensed by foreground galaxies. Selected from the Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyse Gravitationally lensed Extreme Starbursts (PASSAGES), these HyLIRGs have apparent infrared luminosities >1014 L⊙. Our observations revealed X-ray emission in each of them. PJ1336+49 appears to be dominated by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). Remarkably, the luminosity of this non-AGN X-ray emission exceeds by a factor of about 3 the value obtained by calibration with local galaxies with much lower star formation rates. This enhanced X-ray emission most likely highlights the efficacy of dynamical HMXB production within compact clusters, which is an important mode of star formation in HyLIRGs. The remaining two (PJ0116−24 and PJ1053+60) morphologically and spectrally exhibit a compact X-ray component in addition to the extended non-AGN X-ray emission, indicating the presence of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). The AGN appears to be centrally located in the reconstructed source plane images of PJ0116−24, which manifests its star-forming activity predominantly within an extended galactic disc. In contrast, the AGN in the field of PJ1053+60 is projected 60 kpc away from the extreme star-forming galaxy and could be ejected from it. These results underline the synergistic potential of deep X-ray observations with strong lensing for the study of high-energy astrophysical phenomena in HyLIRGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the reception of Sima Qian, a renowned Chinese historian, in the world. It discusses Sima Qian's role as a historian and writer, as well as the development of historical writing in ancient China. The article also explores differing perspectives on whether Sima Qian and his predecessors can be considered historians or scribes. It concludes by emphasizing the significance of key texts in ancient Chinese historical culture. Additionally, the text discusses the transformation of the shi tradition in ancient China and the influence of Sima Qian's work on Chinese historiography. It also examines the reception of Sima Qian's work in Korea and Russia, as well as English translations by Burton Watson and Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang. The author hopes that the international attention on Sima Qian will encourage a broader analysis of historical practices worldwide. [Extracted from the article]

The electrical and electronic characteristics of three graphyne allotropes (10-18-6 graphyne, 10-12-18-6 graphyne, and 12-14-18-6 graphyne) were examined based on first-principles calculations using the generalized gradient approximation. The changes in system characteristics when carbon atoms were replaced with boron and nitrogen atoms were thoroughly investigated. The findings demonstrate that the positions of the doping atoms are strongly related to the band gap of doped graphyne. Meanwhile, band structure calculations also clearly reveal that the band gap can be adjusted via BN doping. The ability to regulate the band gap will increase the likelihood of the broad usage of these allotropes in nanoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The need to build a long-term or even permanent base is now a significant concern with the development of the exploration of extraterrestrial celestial bodies. Sulfur concrete was first proposed as a new building material in the 20th century. Recently, sulfur concrete has attracted much interest, as sulfur is considered one of the most accessible resources on the Moon and Mars, thanks to the in-situ resource utilization methodology. In addition, sulfur concrete is one of the most promising building materials for improving terrestrial sustainability or extraterrestrial exploration. So far, reviews have only focused on developing sulfur concrete and extraterrestrial building materials. This review paper summarizes the history of sulfur concrete development and different modified sulfur concretes. Previous research on extraterrestrial building materials is also reviewed. The unique advantage of sulfur concrete as an extraterrestrial material is justified, as no water is used during mixing. Lunar and Martian soil simulants are also examined as possible aggregate types. Finally, further improvements are proposed to broaden the application of sulfur concrete and the corresponding treatments. The possibility of recyclability and circularity is discussed from a sustainable development point of view. This review article provides readers with a detailed overview of sulfur concrete and its history, why it is more promising and accessible as an (extra)terrestrial building material, the challenges of its future application, and corresponding treatments to overcome the obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of energetic outflows from galactic nuclei in shaping galaxy formation and evolution is still shrouded in uncertainty. In this study, we shed light on this complex phenomenon by presenting evidence for a large-scale bipolar radio/X-ray-emitting bubble-like structure emanating from the central region of the nearby disc galaxy M106 (NGC 4258). Our findings, based on Low-Frequency Array survey data and Chandra observations, provide a glimpse into the underlying physical processes driving this enigmatic structure. Similar to the eROSITA / Fermi bubbles in our own Galaxy, the M106 bubbles enclose diffuse hot plasma and are partially bounded by prominent radio/X-ray-emitting edges. We constrain the magnetic field and cosmic-ray properties of the structure. The analysis of the X-ray data gives an estimate of the thermal energy of the bubbles as ∼8 × 1056 erg. This energy can be supplied by the jets and perhaps by the wind from the accretion flow of the galaxy's low-luminosity AGN, which most likely has been much more powerful in the recent past, with an average mechanical energy release rate of ∼4 × 1042 erg s−1 over the last ∼8 × 106 yr – the estimated age of the structure. We also show evidence for diffuse X-ray emission on larger scales, indicating the presence of a hot galactic corona. Our results provide a clear manifestation of galactic nuclear feedback regulating the gas content and energetics of the circumgalactic medium of disc galaxies similar to our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Schrödinger equation with a quartic potential is a fundamental equation describing the physics of stimulated side scattering, but no exact, even approximate solution has been formulated yet. Here, the approximate solutions to such a Schrödinger equation are derived using the WKBJ method under different variables. The solutions are accurate enough in most cases. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, which are the most impressive properties of such equations, are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of atomic structure for liquids, especially for liquid alloys with complex crystal structure and high liquidus temperatures, remains poorly understood. In this work, we have extended the development of deep neural network (DNN) potential for liquid Nb5Si3. The DNN potential captures the structural features of liquid alloys compared with ab initio results. The chemical short-range order parameter suggests that there exists strong affinity between Nb and Si atoms. The dynamic property was investigated, and the diffusion coefficient obeys the Arrhenius relationship. The atomic structure has been subsequently explored for normal and undercooled liquid Nb5Si3. Large amounts of fivefold symmetry Honeycutt–Andersen pairs have been identified in liquid Nb5Si3. However, due to the violent thermal motion in a high-temperature Nb5Si3 melt, icosahedral symmetry and distorted icosahedrons (ICOs) account for little proportion according to Voronoi polyhedron (VP) analysis. The effect of thermal motion on VPs has been discussed. Except from the well documented ⟨0,2,8,2⟩ and ⟨0,1,10,2⟩ distorted ICOs, six more quasi-ICOs (⟨0,1,9,3⟩, ⟨0,2,8,1⟩, ⟨0,2,8,4⟩, ⟨0,2,8,5⟩, ⟨0,1,10,3⟩, and ⟨0,1,10,4⟩) have been proven to deform from ICOs at high temperatures. The local environment motif obtained by the atomic cluster alignment method demonstrates the existence of dominant distorted ICOs. At last, the atomic structure during melting process is discussed by VP analysis. It is found that ⟨0,2,8,1⟩, ⟨0,2,8,2⟩, ⟨0,2,8,5⟩, and ⟨0,1,10,4⟩ prefer to form at the beginning of the melting but rapidly reduce when it is fully melted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring the deflection of bridges in service is crucial for monitoring their structural health conditions. Recently, the image measurement method has been developed to measure the bridge deflection, wherein the camera for taking images is installed at a distant place where the target bridge can be seen. In this study, we developed a simple but effective optical method to measure the out-of-plane displacement of a bridge, which could not be done before, from the images captured with a camera installed under the bridge. The proposed method converts the virtual in-plane displacement evaluated from the sampling moiré measurement into the out-of-plane displacement under the assumption that the target bridge and the reference point move in the in-plane direction as a rigid-body deformation, or the in-plane displacement is absent or negligible. In field experiments to measure the deflection of a viaduct during the passage of a high-speed train (Japanese Shinkansen) with a speed of 320 km/h, we successfully measured the bridge deflection less than 1 mm from images recorded with a camera installed under the bridge floor. When comparing the difference in deflections measured from the proposed method and a conventional Laser Doppler vibrometer, the average absolute difference was less than 0.05 mm. Our developed method is simple and cost-effective, making this technique very efficient in structural health monitoring of elevated railway or road bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the growing interest in the study of spatiality in Chinese history, particularly in the field of urban history. The rapid urbanization in China over the past four decades has led to a need for research on the transformation of space in urban construction and the impact of space on people's perceptions and sentiments. The article highlights the contributions of scholars such as Henri Lefebvre and Yi-fu Tuan in shaping the study of spatial concepts and changes. The article also provides summaries of six selected articles that explore spatial reform in different historical periods, including the construction of capitals and palaces under the Mongol Yuan dynasty, the transformation of Confucian temples in modern China, and the use of space in wartime. These articles demonstrate the diverse and evolving nature of the study of spatiality in Chinese history. [Extracted from the article]

Croissants are made using solid fats that predominantly contain saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids. In this study, an oleogel consisting of sunflower oil structured with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a conventional fat replacer in puff pastry thus improving its nutritional profile. Oleogel (OG)-shortening (SH) blends were prepared as a fat replacer for partial (50, 60, 70%) and full shortening (100%) substitution. These replacements implied a reduction of up to 45% of saturated fat and an increase of up to 47% of unsaturated fat, especially monounsaturated fatty acids. Physical characterisation was conducted using texture profile analysis and penetration tests to evaluate the oleogel effect on a baked croissant matrix structure. Sensory analysis was also performed to evaluate the organoleptic properties of the croissant. Shortening replacement using oleogel resulted in croissants with lower saturated fat content, lower bite firmness, and a texture profile similar to croissants made with commercial shortening. The presence of oleogel up to 100% did not contribute negatively to the firmness or springiness of the croissants, although they became chewier and more cohesive as the oleogel increased. In terms of sensory perception, the SH50:OG50 croissant sample was the most similar to the solid fat control. The use of sunflower oil-cellulose-based oleogel was suitable for the formulation of puff pastry products with a healthier fat profile while maintaining the physical and sensory characteristics of conventional croissants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultracompact optical fiber Fabry–Perot interferometric sensor is proposed and demonstrated for inner diameter measurement of a capillary tube. The device is a section of single-mode fiber with an angle-polished end face of 45°. When the device is placed inside the capillary tube and in close contact with its inner wall surface, the reflected light from the angle-polished fiber end face is directed sequentially to the fiber core–cladding, cladding–air, and air–capillary interfaces, respectively, and reflected back, and finally returned to the fiber core after being reflected by the angle-polished fiber end face again. As a result, a cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometer system is constructed, which is well suitable for the inner diameter measurement of the capillary tube. Moreover, the wall thickness of the transparent capillary tube can also be conveniently measured by using the same device in slightly different configuration. The relative error of the measurement is small compared with the data provided by the manufacturer. Such a device is ultracompact, robust, flexible, and convenient in operation and is especially attractive for implementing the measurement in a tight or hard-to-reach spatial environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To review and summarise the clinical and imaging characteristics of intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL), a rare smooth muscle tumour originating from the uterus. Twenty-seven patients with a histopathological diagnosis of IVL who underwent surgery were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent pelvic ultrasonography, inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasonography, and echocardiography before surgery. Computed tomography (CT) with contrast enhancement was performed in patients with extrapelvic IVL. Some patients underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mean age was 44.81 years. Clinical symptoms were non-specific. IVL was intrapelvic in seven patients and extrapelvic in 20. Preoperative pelvic ultrasonography missed the diagnosis in 85.7% of patients with intrapelvic IVL. Pelvic MRI was useful to evaluate the parauterine vessels. Incidence of cardiac involvement was 59.26%. Echocardiography showed a highly mobile sessile mass in the right atrium with moderate-to-low echogenicity that originates from the IVC. Ninety per cent of extrapelvic lesions showed unilateral growth. The most common growth pattern was via the right uterine vein–internal iliac vein–IVC pathway. The clinical symptoms of IVL are non-specific. For patients with intrapelvic IVL, early diagnosis is difficult. Pelvic ultrasound should focus on the parauterine vessels, the iliac and ovarian veins should be explored carefully. MRI has obvious advantages in evaluating parauterine vessel involvement, which is helpful for early diagnosis. For patients with extrapelvic IVL, CT should be performed before surgery as part of a comprehensive evaluation. IVC ultrasonography and echocardiography are recommended when IVL is highly suspected. • The preoperative misdiagnosis rate for intrapelvic IVL in our study was 85.7%. • 90% of patients with extrapelvic in our study IVL showed unilateral growth, more commonly on the right. • MRI is recommended to evaluate involvement of the parauterine vessels. • Pelvic ultrasound should focus on the iliac and ovarian veins. • Comprehensive evaluation before surgery is essential when IVL is highly suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination polymers were constructed using two ligands as a bi-linker to construct. The assistant ligand could tune the target microstructure dimensions of the coordination polymers through their substituent group of X (X = Cl, Br). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the target coordination polymer possessed a 2-dimensional structure constructed using a ligand with Cl, while a 3-dimensional structure was obtained using a ligand with Br. The coordination polymers were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid-state diffuse UV-vis reflection, and photoluminescence analysis. Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) further revealed the charge transition of intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) transition during the absorption procedure, from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Furthermore, bi-linker interactions resulted in a significant red shift in emission compared to the free ligands, yielding orange-red photoluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Robotic surgery for right-sided colon and rectal cancer has rapidly increased; however, there is limited evidence in the literature of advantages of robotic left colectomy (RLC) for left-sided colon cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of RLC versus laparoscopic left colectomy (LLC) with complete mesocolic excision (CME) for left-sided colon cancer. Methods: Patients who had RLC or LLC with CME for left-sided colon cancer at 5 hospitals in China between January 2014 and April 2022 were included. A one-to-one propensity score matched analysis was performed to decrease confounding. The primary outcome was postoperative complications occurring within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes were disease-free survival, overall survival and the number of harvested lymph nodes. Results: A total of 292 patients (187 males; median age 61.0 [20.0−85.0] years) were eligible for this study, and propensity score matching yielded 102 patients in each group. The clinical–pathological characteristics were well-matched between groups. The two groups did not differ in estimated blood loss, conversion to open rate, time to first flatus, reoperation rate, or postoperative length of hospital stay (p > 0.05). RLC was associated with a longer operation time (192.9 ± 53.2 vs. 168.9 ± 52.8 minutes, p=0.001). The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ between the RLC and LLC groups (18.6% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.856). The total number of lymph nodes harvested in the RLC group was higher than that in the LLC group (15.7 ± 8.3 vs. 12.1 ± 5.9, p< 0.001). There were no significant differences in 3-year and 5-year overall survival or 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival. Conclusions: Compared to laparoscopic surgery, RLC with CME for left-sided colon cancer was found to be associated with higher numbers of lymph nodes harvested and similar postoperative complications and long-term survival outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete linear model for Raman and Brillouin side scattering is analyzed with infinite and finite boundary conditions. Analytic formulas of absolute thresholds and convective gains for side scatterings are derived when infinite boundary is assumed. Finite beam width introduces finite boundary conditions to the side scattering, which could influence both absolute thresholds and convective gains. Using these formulas and models, we have evaluated the importance of stimulated Raman side scattering and stimulated Brillouin side scattering at ignition conditions, including both direct drive and indirect drive. It shows that side scattering could be a possible way of scattering other than backscattering in several ignition situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer cables are being applied increasingly in fields such as deep‐sea mooring and cage culture. How to improve their wear resistance and prevent microbial adhesion is an urgent problem to be solved. In this work, the surface of the cable was treated by the polyvinylpyrrolidone cross‐linking method and the anchoring effect of one‐dimensional linear nanomaterials, which improved the adhesion of the water‐based coating. Meanwhile, the protective effect of the coating was improved through the addition of antifouling agents and wear‐resistant agents. The microstructure and intermolecular forces of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The net hanging test results show that the surface‐treated cable exhibits better abrasion resistance and antifouling effects, and the shedding phenomenon is significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phase selection mechanism within undercooled liquid Nb90Si10 hypoeutectic alloy was investigated by electrostatic levitation technique combined with deep neural network molecular dynamics. A stepwise-solidification procedure was conducted, where the primary phase and eutectic microstructure successively solidified from undercooled liquid alloy and undercooled residual liquid, respectively. The intermetallic phase of the eutectic structure transfers from Nb3Si to βNb5Si3 and finally into αNb5Si3 compound with the increase in liquid undercooling. The deep neural network molecular dynamic simulations have shown that the phase selection between Nb3Si and Nb5Si3 is mainly controlled by the short-range order of residual liquid, considering that the predominant short-range configuration transforms from Nb3Si-like to Nb5Si3-like structures. The αNb5Si3-like medium-range order, which is characterized by vertex-connected ⟨0,2,8,4⟩ clusters, is shown to significantly influence the competitive nucleation of the αNb5Si3 and βNb5Si3 phases. The residual liquid favors the αNb5Si3-like medium-range order rather than βNb5Si3 at large undercoolings, which explains the transformation from βNb5Si3 to αNb5Si3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the rapid growth of environmental history as a field of study, particularly in China. It highlights the global interest in environmental history and its resonance with rising concerns about environmental challenges. The article also explores the historical roots of environmental history, including the influence of philosophers and historians who examined the relationship between the environment and human history. It mentions key figures and works in the development of environmental history, both internationally and in China. The article concludes by introducing the articles included in the special issue, which cover various aspects of environmental history in China. [Extracted from the article]

This paper is on determination of the thermal conductivities of several hydrocarbon base oils by means of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations using two different force fields. It aims to explore a simulation-based method for lubricant molecular design and analysis concerning heat transfer in electrical vehicle lubrication. Argon was analyzed as a reference for method evaluation, and the results reveal that the calculated conductivity strongly depends on the size of the computational domain. However, for hydrocarbon base oils, the dependence on computation domain size is less prominent as the domain size increases. The method of direct calculation in a sufficiently large computation domain and that of reciprocal extrapolation with data calculated in a much smaller domain are both applicable, and each has a certain value in oil conductivity calculation. The calculated conductivities show certain overpredictions when compared with experimentally measured results, and the overprediction factor is related to number of carbon atoms of the liquid molecules. The results reveal that the thermal conductivity of a single-chain hydrocarbon liquid is linearly proportional to the number of carbon atoms. While each additional branch increases thermal conductivity slightly, the presence of multiple branches reduces it from the ideal linear relationship. A set of equations was formulated to correlate hydrocarbon liquid thermal conductivity with molecular characteristics in terms of number of carbon atoms and number of branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-Zr-B-based amorphous alloys (AAs) show good magnetocaloric effect (MCE) around the ambient temperature, and their maximum magnetic entropy change (− Δ S m peak ) generally increases with their Curie temperature ( T c) , which means the poor magnetocaloric properties near the cold end of the air conditioner. In this work, by adding 2% (at.%) Ti to replace the Zr element in a Fe 8 8 Zr 8 B 4 AA, we successfully fabricated the Fe 8 8 Zr 6 B 4 Ti 2 amorphous ribbon. The Fe 8 8 Zr 6 B 4 Ti 2 amorphous ribbon exhibits a slightly enhanced glass formability, improved − Δ S m peak and decreased T c when compared to the Fe 8 8 Zr 8 B 4 AA. The results are helpful for developing better MCE of the Fe-Zr-B-based metallic glasses working near the cold end of a domestic magnetic air conditioner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One day in May 1930, Irving Babbitt (1865-1933), the Harvard professor in French literature and a leading advocate of New Humanism, traveled to New York city and had an open debate with his critics in the Carnegie Hall. While remaining elitist, Mei Guangdi and Wu Mi founded the I Critical Review i in the hopes of competing with Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi in finding their public voice. In the same vein, I Critical Review i belonged to the Chinese people, and the I New Youth i belonged to the Chinese youth; I Critical Review i was the guardian of Chinese culture, and the I New Youth i was the innovator of Chinese culture." As core opponents of Hu Shi's "vernacular Chinese movement", they, particularly Mei, who was from the same province and had previously befriended Hu Shi, were aware of Hu's intention while studying in the US and opposed it from the start. [Extracted from the article]

We present experimental studies on the spatial distribution of charged particles using a linearly polarized femtosecond laser interacting with a micro-structure target composed of micro-tube structure and planar foil. For protons, a six-lobed structure was observed in the low-energy region, while a smaller angular divergence was measured in the high-energy region. Electron distribution exhibits a circular distribution at low energies and double-lobed structure at high energies. These results are well reproduced by 3D particle-in-cell simulations, showing that the profile of electrons driven by a laser pulse is manipulated by the micro-tube structure, which maps into the spatial distribution of protons via a strong charge separation field. These results demonstrate the effect of micro-structures on laser-driven particle sources and provide a possible approach for spatial manipulation of the particle beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), LPS, or their combination on the activity and pyroptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) in rats. PMVEC were cultured without treatment, with CSE in different concentrations (1-25%), with 20 ng/ml LPS, or with 20% CSE+20 ng/ml LPS. Cell viability was determined using the CCK8 kit, apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, and cell morphology was evaluated using light microscopy. The content of IL-1β and IL-18 was measured by ELISA. CSE decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The morphology of cells in the CSE+LPS group showed the most significant cytomorphological changes and the highest pyroptosis rate. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates in the CSE and LPS groups were higher than in the control group, but the highest rate of apoptosis was revealed in the CSE+LPS group (p<0.01). The levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in the cell supernatant of the CSE, LPS, and CSE+LPS groups were significantly (p<0.01) increased in comparison with the control. These levels in the CSE+LPS group were higher (p<0.01) than in other groups. There were no differences between the CSE and LPS groups. Thus, the effect of CSE on cell viability is dose-dependent. Combined treatment with CSE+LPS can induce cell pyroptosis and increase the levels of inflammatory cytokines in PMVEC. These observations demonstrated that pyroptosis caused by CSE and LPS can play an important role in pulmonary vascular remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been widely grown in China and is popular in the international market. However, to decrease production costs, growers require cultivars with an upright growth pattern that enables them to be harvested directly. Longyundou 19, which was developed by the Crop Resources Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences was released in 2020 as an upright, high-yielding black bean cultivar with resistance to anthracnose and common bacterial blight. Methods: Cross breeding is an effective way of improving common bean varieties. Longyundou 19 was developed from the Longyundou 4 (female) × Longyundou 5 (male) hybridization and the subsequent systematic selection for upright, yield, disease resistance, quality and agronomic traits over six generations. Result: The average yield of Longyundou 19 during yield trials from 2016 to 2019 was 1,888.5 kg ha-1, which was 10.3% greater than that of the check cultivar. Disease investigations conducted in fields from 2016 to 2019, indicated Longyundou 19 exhibits some resistance to anthracnose, common bacterial blight and BCMV. This new variety combined the disease resistance and black seed coat of the female parent with the upright growth pattern of the male parent, while retaining the high yield of both parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Because 3D printed titanium alloys are often used in load-bearing structures, strength research becomes critical. Surprisingly, numerous studies have reported the tensile strength measurements, but no study has presented any result for the shear strength measurement of 3D printed titanium alloys. Hence, a new approach is worthy of exploration, and its focus is the interlayer shear strength measurement. Objective: This paper proposes a new shear strength measurement for 3D printed titanium alloys. Method: A combined experimental and numerical investigation of the interlayer shear strength measurement approach was conducted, and its application targeted one Ti–6Al–4 V (TC4) titanium alloy made with the selective laser melting. A necking-shaped shear specimen was developed to measure the shear strength with the aid of both 3D finite element analysis and fractography analysis. Results: All specimens show a pure shear fracture pattern and a small strength deviation. Conclusions: The measured interlayer shear strength was consistent with the shear strengths of traditional TC4 alloys. Therefore, the selective laser melting technique did not significantly increase or decrease the shear strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cracks' coalescence mechanism of three non-persistent joints in a rock sample was investigated under uniaxial compressive loading, considering the effects of crack lengths and their dip angles. The required numerical models were established based on the algorithms of the discrete element method. The effects of different crack lengths of 1.5, 3, and 4.5 cm with various crack inclination angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° were considered. It has been shown that the cracks' lengths and inclination angles affect the mechanism of failure and the pattern of cracks' extensions and their coalescence schemes. The tensile cracks were produced within the specimen and at the pre-existing crack tips due to the applied uniaxial compression that caused the crack propagation and coalescence in the modeled sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the epoxy resin composite filled with wood fiber and fly ash cenosphere was prepared. In order to improve the bonding properties between wooden fiber/fly ash cenosphere and epoxy resin, the grafting treatment of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere surfaces was carried out here using KH550 type silane coupling agent. The effects of different process parameters on the surface modification effect of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated, the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of the materials before and after the filler modification were tested, and the microscopic interfacial structures of the matrix with wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, based on LS‐DYNA simulation software, the energy‐absorbing performance of energy‐absorbing boxes prepared from AA6061 aluminum alloy and modified wooden fiber‐fly ash cenosphere/epoxy resin composites were compared in low‐velocity collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design of a lightweight wing rib structure by combining topology optimisation with additive manufacturing. In addition, a deep feed-forward neural network model is proposed to perform the load prediction for the constructed wing structure incorporated with this optimised rib. The strain energy of the front rib has a minimum strain energy 1330 J for the initial volume state when the topology is not optimised for lightweighting. The relative error of the load prediction values obtained by the output layer of the deep feed-forward neural network is less than 0.02%. The absolute error of the small load prediction was less than 0.30 N. The presented results demonstrate the viability of additive manufactured rib and its implementation in global wing load prediction model for faster designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning in northern India in the fifth century BCE and gradually making its way to China through the Silk Roads via Central Asia in the first century CE, Buddhism had a wide-ranging and significant impact on the advancement of Chinese culture. In Chan literature of the Song dynasty, different regions of China were said to produce distinct regional styles of Chan teachings. By contributing this article, he systematically traces the differences in Buddhist attitudes toward divination in different Buddhist schools through meticulous textual comparisons. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we collect 54 Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) afterglows rebrightening in X-ray, optical, and radio bands to build the biggest sample so far, of which 18 type-Ic/b Supernova (SN)-associated GRBs have been deeply investigated. We confirm that the distribution of spectral luminosities of SN-associated GRBs has a wider scope of five orders of magnitude. After excluding short- and low-luminosity SN/GRBs, we obtain the mean light curves of high-luminosity SN/GRBs at different radio frequencies. It is found that the mean radio light curves peak twice on the tens of days and several months in each since the burst trigger. There is a time delay between radio afterglows at different frequencies, i.e. the high-frequency emissions come earlier than those low-frequency ones. We study in detail the multiband rebrightening behaviors of GRB 980425 and GRB 030329 with the most radio observation data at present. Unlike GRB 980425, the rebrightening component contributed from GRB 030329/SN 2003dh is indistinguishable. However, we predict that both SN/GRBs will produce the considerable mJy-level rebrightening emissions from their individual SN remnants on the late-times of 103th years for GRB 980425 and 64th years for GRB 030329, which is observable for the current facilities and would be detected by the forthcoming radio telescopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to climate change, extreme high temperature weather is occurred frequently, which may cause a serious decline in crop yield. The growth status of maize seedlings directly affects the formation of later yield. However, there are insufficient understanding and studies on the maize seedling growth and physiological characteristics of leaves under high temperature stress at present. Hence, this experiment was designed to investigate the effects of heat stress on the plant biomass, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances in the two maize varieties (heat-resistant variety ZD958 and heat-sensitive variety HSV20), with its clear the response mechanism of heat stress to the physiological metabolism changes at seedling stage. The results showed that the plant height increased, while the photosynthetic green leaf area, dry matter accumulation, root surface area and total root length significantly decreased under heat stress. High temperature treatment reduced the Pn, Gs, Tr, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, qP and SPAD, and increased the Ci and NPQ. As heat stress time increased, the antioxidant enzyme activities first increased and then decreased, while the MDA content continued to increase. Additionally, the free proline content first increased and then decreased. Comparatively, we revealed that ZD958 has stronger antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic regulation abilities, stable chlorophyll content, higher photosynthetic rate and maximal photochemical efficiency under heat stress, which may be the reasons why the root and shoot growth of seedlings has slighter changes and greater adaptability to heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate multiplexed readout of 43 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers operating at 90 mK using a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) readout chain with bias frequencies ranging from 1 to 3.5 MHz and a typical frequency spacing of 32 kHz. We improve the previously reported performance of our FDM system by two important steps. First, we replace the coplanar wires with microstrip wires, which minimize the cross talk from mutual inductance. From the measured electrical cross talk (ECT) map, the ECT of all pixels is carrier leakage dominated. Only five pixels show an ECT level higher than 1%. Second, we reduce the thermal response speed of the TES detectors by a factor of 20 by increasing the heat capacity of the TES, which allows us to bias all TES detectors below 50% in transition without oscillations. We compare the current–voltage curves and noise spectra of the TESs measured in single-pixel mode and multiplexing mode. We also compare the noise equivalent power (NEP) and the saturation power of the bolometers in both modes, where 38 pixels show less than 10% difference in NEP and 5% difference in saturation power when measured in the two different modes. The measured noise spectrum is in good agreement with the simulated noise based on measured parameters from an impedance measurement, confirming that our TES is dominated by phonon noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the growth of hexagonal boron gallium nitride alloys, h-GaxB1−xN, on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) templates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and the observation of the critical thickness (LC) phenomenon in the h-GaBN/BN heterostructure system. It was observed that GaxB1−xN alloys in a pure hexagonal phase can be obtained when the film thickness is below LC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) θ–2θ measurement results revealed the formation of separate wurtzite (w)-GaN domains within the h-GaBN matrix when the film thickness is beyond LC. XRD results were supported by photoluminescence spectroscopy which revealed the absence of the band edge emission of w-GaN near 3.4 eV in very thin layers, but an increase in the w-GaN band edge emission with an increase in the h-GaxB1−xN layer thickness beyond LC. Despite the fact that layered structured materials generally possess a weak interlayer interaction, our results revealed that phase separation still occurs in layered h-GaxB1−xN alloys and the critical thickness depends on the Ga composition. The present study also provided insights into possible ways to synthesize layered GaBN/BN heterostructures and quantum wells in the pure hexagonal phase with tunable bandgaps and optical properties, which would open up many new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cataclysmic variables (CVs) represent a key evolutionary phase of many low-mass stellar binaries and appear to collectively dominate the galactic X-ray background above ∼1 keV. Statistical properties of CVs, however, remain poorly understood, even in the solar neighbourhood. We aim to obtain an X-ray luminosity-complete sample of local CVs whose distances put them within three volumes. Here we present a pilot investigation on the X-ray and optical properties of local CVs or their candidates, mainly by cross-correlating the 3XMM DR8 and Gaia DR2 source catalogues. We first examine a nearly complete sample of CVs within 150 pc by characterizing their X-ray luminosity, X-ray to Gaia G -band flux ratio, and X-ray hardness ratio distributions, as well as their locations in the Gaia colour–magnitude diagram. We show that these distributions of this very local sample are consistent with those of a CV sample obtained at distances between 150 and 300 pc. We also present a catalogue of 15 new CV candidates within 500 pc based primarily on their X-ray to Gaia G-band flux ratios. The X-ray luminosities of these candidates are between 1029 to several 1031 erg s−1, and their stacked X-ray spectrum can be well described by a multitemperature optically thin thermal plasma model with a maximum temperature |$T_{\rm max}=7.5^{+6.3}_{-2.4}$| keV. These properties are consistent with those of the very local CVs. In particular, one of the CV candidates is within 150 pc, indicating that a considerable number of local CVs are yet detected. These results provide a base for a more complete statistical understanding of CVs and their quantitative contribution to the galactic X-ray background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear regions of galaxies apparently play a disproportionately large role in regulating their formation and evolution. How this regulation works, however, remains very uncertain. Here we review a few recent X-ray studies of our Galactic center and the inner bulge region of our major neighboring galaxy, M31, and focusing on addressing such questions as: Why are the majority of supermassive black holes (e.g., Sgr A*) so faint? What regulates the Galactic nuclear environment? Furthermore, what impact does a recent active galactic nucleus have on the ionization state of surrounding gas? These studies have provided new insight into how various relevant high-energy phenomena and processes interplay with extreme galactic nuclear environments and affect global galactic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insulation resistance value is one of the important indexes for the safe operation of airport navigational lighting system. In this paper, a method based on deep learning and transfer learning is proposed to measure the insulation resistance value. To reduce the influence of high voltage environment and signal injection on the measurement accuracy, a multilayer LSTM model is established, in which the network convergence rate is accelerated by introducing a normalized layer in front of the first LSTM layer. Based on the constructed deep network, transfer learning is employed by sharing the weight parameters of the pretraining model to solve the problem of small data sample. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the insulation resistance value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active galactic nucleus (AGN) bubbles could play an important role in accelerating high-energy cosmic rays (CRs) and galactic feedback. Only in nearby galaxies could we have high enough angular resolution in multiwavelengths to study the sub-kpc environment of the AGN, where the bubbles are produced and strongly interact with the surrounding interstellar medium. In this paper, we present the latest Chandra observations of the Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4438, which hosts multiscale bubbles detected in various bands. The galaxy also has low current star formation activity, so these bubbles are evidently produced by the AGN rather than a starburst. We present spatially resolved spectral analysis of the Chandra data of the ∼3 arcsec × 5 arcsec (⁠|${\sim} 200{\rm ~pc}\times 350\rm ~pc$|⁠) nuclear bubble of NGC 4438. The power-law tail in the X-ray spectra can be most naturally explained as synchrotron emission from high-energy CR leptons. The hot gas temperature increases, while the overall contribution of the non-thermal X-ray emission decreases with the vertical distance from the galactic plane. We calculate the synchrotron cooling time-scale of the CR leptons responsible for the non-thermal hard X-ray emission to be only a few tens to a few hundreds of years. The thermal pressure of the hot gas is about three times the magnetic pressure, but the current data cannot rule out the possibility that they are still in pressure balance. The spatially resolved spectroscopy presented in this paper may have important constraints on how the AGN accelerates CRs and drives outflows. We also discover a transient X-ray source only ∼5 arcsec from the nucleus of NGC 4438. The source was not detected in 2002 and 2008, but became quite X-ray bright in 2020 March, with an average 0.5–7 keV luminosity of |${\sim} 10^{39}\rm ~erg~s^{-1}$|⁠. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

However, as China became a major global power in the twenty-first century and Japan-China relations became unstable, the study of modern and contemporary Chinese history that attempted to explicate China's uniqueness diffused a negative image of China in Japanese society. The purpose of this special issue is to introduce some aspects of recent research on modern Chinese history in Japan, mainly by young scholars. The second generation is relatively small in number, but is the generation that took an interest in revolutionary China during the "political season" of 1960s Japan. [Extracted from the article]

Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers with an unsatisfactory prognosis and high mortality rate. The ability of liver cancer cells to evade apoptosis results in the poor therapeutic effect of existing treatments and high rates of tumor recurrence and metastasis. This study investigated the effects of abnormal miR-338-3p expression on the ability of liver cancer cells to avoid apoptosis and the mechanism for that avoidance. The levels of miR-338-3p in liver tumor tissues and in different liver cancer cell lines were analysed by qRT-PCR which demonstrated its downregulation in liver tumor tissues and cells, especially in the Huh7 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis rates of Huh7 liver cancer cells were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assay. whereas the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, caspase-3, Cyt C, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein [XIAP]) were analyzed by Western blotting. Next, the target relationship between miR-338-3p and Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) was identified by conducting a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Overexpression of miR-338-3p was found to inhibit cell viability and promote the apoptosis of Huh7 cells. Additionally, an upregulation of miR-338-3p significantly promoted Bax, caspase-3, and Cyt C expression, and suppressed XIAP and SIRT6 expression. Notably, SIRT6 was proven to be a target gene of miR-338-3p, and SIRT6 overexpression was shown to reverse the anti-tumor effect of miR-338-3p upregulation in Huh7 cells. Furthermore, the apoptosis induction effect of Cisplatin was reduced by SIRT6, but restored by miR-338-3p. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that miR-338-3p increased apoptosis in liver cancer cell Huh7 by inhibiting SIRT6, and thereby enhanced the cytocidal effect of the apoptosis inducer Cisplatin. These results suggest miR-338-3p as a target for treating liver cancer, which might provide a new therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an initial pressure adjustable explosion vessel was developed, and the effect of negative pressure, positive pressure (0.2–1.8 atm) different initial ambient pressure on the explosive shock wave generated by the explosion of explosives was studied. The relationships between the specific impulse, shock wave velocity, the amount of explosive gas products and the ambient pressure were analyzed for different initial pressure environments. It was found that: the overpressure of the blast shock wave decreases with the initial ambient pressure of the explosion, and there exists a negative pressure environment with a dramatic pressure decrease near 0.6 atm, defined as the super-sensitive negative pressure Pcr. The propagation velocity of an explosive wave increases with a decrease in the ambient pressure, and the propagation velocity at a pressure of 1.8 atm is four times less than the velocity at a pressure of 0.2 atm. The production of explosive gas products did not change. The greater the initial pressure of the environment where the explosive is located, the smaller the ratio of the gas generated by the explosion to the initial force gas in the explosion vessel is, and the greater the impact on the propagation of shock waves is. The maximum attenuation of the first specific impulse i1 is 72.97% and the maximum attenuation of the second specific impulse i2 is 72.39%. The experiments provide reference data for high-altitude military confrontation, high-altitude weapons and ammunition development, and deep-earth protection engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The suitability of oil-in-water (o/w) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based emulsions and oleogels to reduce total fat and saturated fat content in cream cheese was studied. The effect of HPMC emulsions and oleogels on spreadability, viscoelasticity, and sensory acceptability of cream cheese was evaluated. Small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) tests were performed to investigate linear and nonlinear rheology. All cheeses showed a predominance of G' versus G" with a light dependence of both moduli with frequency in the linear viscoelastic region (LVR). Fat replacement with emulsion or oleogel significantly reduces the values of G' and G" at the LVR, yield point, and flow point, and increases spreadability. This effect was greatest for the oleogel substitution. However, incorporation of emulsion or oleogel did not significantly affect tan δ, yield stress, yield strain, flow stress, and flow strain. The elastic and viscous evolution during the transition from SAOS to LAOS was similar in all cheeses, despite their differences in spreadability. At large deformation, all samples showed strain-stiffening and shear-thinning behavior. Similar sensory acceptability was found among the oleogel and emulsion cheeses and the control. The similar nonlinear rheological properties among cheeses do not explain the differences in spreadability properties, but explain their similar sensory acceptability. Furthermore, the purchase intention for oleogel and emulsion cheeses increases when consumers receive information on the type and amount of fat. [Display omitted] • Emulsion or oleogel can improve the spreadability of cream cheese. • A cream cheese with reduced fat content and improved lipid profile was achieved. • Emulsion or oleogel did not significantly affect rheology of cheese. • Consumption intention of emulsion or oleogel cream cheese increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the mechanism behind the significant differences in torsional properties of high carbon steel wire rods under two different drawing conditions when subjected to the same hot-dip galvanizing treatment. In our experiment, two types of drawn wires were annealed at 200–500 °C. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to comprehensively analyze the changes in ferrite lattice parameters, the dissolution of cementite, and the crystallization process under the two drawing conditions. The finite element method is used to simulate the strain in different drawing processes. The experimental results indicate that the wire subjected to less equivalent plastic strain shows good torsion ability during wire drawing, which is due to the slow crystallization process of cementite dissolved in ferrite during hot dip galvanization. • The influence of different drawing processes on the torsional properties of steel wires was discussed. • The lattice constant and stress state of ferrite under different drawing processes were studied. • The changes in the degree of crystallization of cementite during the process of drawing and hot-dip galvanizing was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]