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Flavone synthase is a key enzyme for flavone biosynthesis and is encoded by two gene families: flavone synthase I (FNSI) and flavone synthase II (FNSII). FNSII is widely distributed in plants, while FNSI has been reported in rice (Oryza sativa) and seven species of Apiaceae. FNSI has likely evolved from the duplication of flavanone 3[Beta]-hydroxylase (F3H). In this study, we used multiple bioinformatics tools to identify putative FNSI and F3H genes from 42 publicly available genome and transcriptome datasets. Results showed that rice FNSI does not share a common ancestral sequence with other known FNSI genes and that FNSI is absent from species outside of Apiaceae. Positive selection site identification analysis revealed that four sites within the FNSI tree branches of Apiaceae evolved under significant positive selection. The putative F3H genes identified in this study provide a valuable resource for further function analysis of flavone synthase. Key words: flavone, flavanone 3[beta]-hydroxylase, transcriptome, positive selection site analysis. La flavone synthase est une enzyme cle dans la synthese des flavones et elle est codee par deux familles de genes, la flavone synthase I (FNSI) et la flavone synthase II (FNSII). La FNSII est largement repandue chez les plantes, tandis que la famille FNSI n'a ete rapportee que chez le riz (Oryza sativa) et sept especes au sein des Apiaceae. FNSI a vraisemblablement evoluee a partir d'une duplication de la flavone 3[beta]-hydroxylase (F3H). Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont employe divers outils bioinformatiques pour identifier de possibles genes FNS1 et F3H au sein de 42 jeux de donnees transcriptomiques ou genomes qui sont dans le domaine publique. Les resultats montrent que la famille FNSI du riz ne partage pas une sequence ancestrale commune avec les autres genes FNSI connus et que la famille FNSI est absente des especes a l'exterieur des Apiaceae. Une analyse visant a identifier les sites ayant fait l'objet d'une selection positive a revele que quatre sites au sein des branches de l'arbre regroupant des FNSI des Apiaceae ont evolue en presence d'une selection positive significative. Les genes F3H putatifs identifies au cours de ce travail fournissent une ressource utile pour de plus amples analyses fonctionnelles de la flavone synthase. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : flavone, flavone 3[beta]-hydroxylase, transcriptome, analyse de sites sous selection positive., Introduction Flavonoids, a group of important secondary metabolites, are widely distributed in all vascular plants and some mosses (Harborne and Baxter 1999; Williams and Grayer 2004), with approximately 9000 structures [...]

Background: Bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy is an effective regimen for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment. No head‐to‐head comparison trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of colloidal bismuth pectin (CBP) in quadruple therapy for eradicating H. pylori. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of CBP quadruple therapy and bismuth potassium citrate (BPC) quadruple therapy for 14 days in the first‐line treatment of H. pylori. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, non‐inferiority clinical trial, H. pylori‐infected subjects without eradication history were randomized to receive amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, tetracycline 500 mg three time daily, esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily in combination with CBP 200 mg three time daily or BPC 240 mg twice daily for 14 days. 13C‐urea breath tests were used to access the eradication rate at least 4 weeks after treatment. Results: Between April 2021 and July 2022, 406 patients were assessed for eligibility and 339 subjects were randomized. The cure rates (primary outcome) of CBP and BPC quadruple therapy were 90.5% and 92.3% (p = 0.56) by intention‐to‐treat analysis, respectively, and 96.1% and 96.2% (p = 1.00) by per‐protocol analysis, respectively. CBP quadruple therapy was non‐inferior to BPC quadruple therapy in the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analysis (p < 0.025). The frequency of adverse events and compliance were not different among the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both CBP and BPC quadruple therapy for 14 days provide high efficacy, good compliance, and safety in the first‐line treatment of H. pylori in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the slope with horizontal weak interlayer is taken as the research object, and the safety factor and the location of the failure surface of the slope are calculated by finite element strength reduction method and limit equilibrium method respectively. The results show that when the slope is mixed with soft layer, the positions of the critical failure surfaces calculated by the two methods are quite different, but their safety factors are relatively small. Which method is more accurate needs to be analyzed in combination with the specific conditions of the slope. Through comparative analysis, the calculation efficiency of limit equilibrium method is much higher than that of strength reduction method. The results of this paper provide reliable reference for engineering analysis.

Abstract Background The dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA), recently commercially available in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China), is a rapid and simple test to detect human antibodies against Schistosoma Japonicum. Its performance and utility for screening schistosome infection in low endemic areas is little known. We therefore carried out a cross-sectional survey in seven villages with low endemicity of schistosomiasis in P.R. China and assessed the performance and utility of DDIA for diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Stool samples were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz method and the miracidium hatching technique. Serum samples, separated from whole blood of participants, were tested by DDIA. Results 6285 individuals aged 6-65 years old participated in this study, with a prevalence of schistosomiasis of 4.20%. Using stool examination as a gold reference standard, DDIA performed with a high overall sensitivity of 91.29% (95% CI: 87.89-94.69%) and also a high negative predictive value, with a mean value of 99.29% (95% CI: 98.99-99.58%). The specificity of DDIA was only moderate (53.08%, 95% CI: 51.82-54.34%). Multivariate analysis indicated that age, occupation and history of schistosome infection were significantly associated with the false positive results of DDIA. Conclusions DDIA is a sensitive, rapid, simple and portable diagnostic assay and can be used as a primary approach for screening schistosome infection in areas of low endemicity. However, more sensitive and specific confirmatory assays need to be developed and combined with DDIA for targeting chemotherapy accurately.

A rare new quinolone alkaloid containing three degrees of unsaturation in the side chain, named as 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z,12Z)-6,9,12-pentadecatriene]-4(1H)-quinolone (1), together with three known quinolone alkaloids 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z)-6,9-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (2), 1-methyl-2-[(4Z,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (3), 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-8-tridecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (4), were isolated from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines, including Lovo, MDA-MB-231, HeLa cells, by MTT method in 96-well microplates, and compounds 1 exhibited potent activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 7.95 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetradium ruticarpum (Juss.) Benth. belong to the family of Rutaceae. The complete and nearly ripe fruits of T.ruticarpum is used as traditional Chinese medicine and phytochemical investigations have been conducted on extracts of the seeds of T.ruticarpum to provide scientific validation of its properties. In this study, we successfully isolated two new quinolone alkaloids (1-2) from the MeOH extractive of nearly ripe fruits of T.ruticarpum. The structure elucidation of these compounds was determined by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet and electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This finding expands the understanding of the natural constituents of the Rutaceae, in particular, the Tetradium genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetradium trichotomum Lour., is a plant species endemic to tropical South East Asia with particular medicinal importance. However, very little analysis in this plant has been studied up to now from a phytochemical viewpoint. One new amide alkaloid (wuchuyuamide V, 1), as well as two known amide alkaloids-wuchuyuamide III (2), and wuchuyuamide I (3) were obtained from the fruits of T. trichotomum for the first time. The structures of wuchuyuamide V (1) and wuchuyuamide III (2) were unambiguously elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR spectra, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]