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One of the well-known chemical properties which has wide applications in the determination of the amount of flammability and combustibility of various compounds is flash point. Due to difficulty and high cost of experimental determination of flash points, computational and modeling studies of this parameter have been highlighted. In this work, a new model based on Ensemble Boosted Trees (EDT Boosted) is used to anticipate flash point of pure organic compounds as a function of normal boiling point and molecular structure. A comprehensive dataset of 1660 flash points is utilized to assess EDT Boosted model visually and mathematically. The mathematical indexes including R-squared, root mean square error, mean squared error, mean relative error, and standard deviations are forecasted 0.997, 4.5469, 20.6743, 0.85729, and 3.7123 respectively. Additionally, the visual comparison of EDT Boosted outputs and real values of flash point shows our proposed algorithm has great capacity in the calculation of flash point. Finally, the comparison of the suggested algorithm and other approaches is carried out to introduce EDT Boosted algorithm as the best predictor tool for flash point determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential consumers have electrical and thermal loads. Therefore they can be utilized hybrid thermal and electrical energy systems to procure their required energy. In the proposed system, in order to supply residential loads, a hybrid energy system (HES) is proposed which consists of photovoltaic/solid oxide fuel cell/thermal and electrical storages/boiler. Also, the uncertain parameters such as thermal and electrical loads, electricity market price, and solar irradiation are considered in the stochastic formulation. Uncertain parameters can be led to financial risks in the system operation. In order to measure imposed risks, in this paper, a novel risk management method called downside risk constraints method is used to model the financial risks imposed from the uncertain parameters. According to obtained results, the operator of the hybrid energy system by utilization of the downside risk constraints method has obtained a strategy that is scenario independent. In other words, the downside risk constraints method by minimizing the imposed risks introduced a zero-risk strategy which operation cost would not increase by changing the scenario. Results are shown that system operators by paying 1.3% more expected cost ($ 40.22 instead of $ 39.69), can make its operation independent of the scenario. Also, risk-based operational strategies of the proposed hybrid energy system are reported in the results as graphical results. The proposed risk-measurement operation problem of the designed hybrid energy system is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and modeled by GAMS software using CPLEX solver. • Optimal operation of fuel cell/PV/battery/grid hybrid energy system is studied. • Optimal operation of hybrid energy system considering demand response program. • Uncertainties of thermal and electrical demands, electricity price is modeled via stochastic optimization. • Use of downside risk constraints method to model the imposed risks from the uncertain parameters. • Operational risk-averse and risk-neutral strategy of the proposed hybrid energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the problem that the elevation data does not reflect the slope and surface roughness of target topography, the preprocessing of topographic elevation data and extraction algorithm of topographic feature are proposed, and the corresponding extraction of topographic feature is done. A terrain risk assessment method is presented based on terrain roughness and slope information fusion, aiming at the problem that terrain roughness and gradient cannot be directly reflected from the terrain elevation data, in this paper. The innovation is that it is the first time that the bilinear interpolation algorithm is applied in preprocess of elevation data and extraction of topographic feature, as well as the terrain roughness and gradient information fusion algorithm are applied to terrain feature extraction and risk assessment for the first time. By simulation and checking calculation of a certain digital topography example, it is proved that the extraction method of topographic information based on elevation data is feasible and reliable. It will provide a new research approach for target information recognition and topography risk assessment accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is a new sample pretreatment technology based on traditional liquid liquid extraction. In this paper, the application of low-toxicity extractants such as low-density extractants, auxiliary extractants, stripping agents and ionic liquids in this technology and the extraction modes such as solvent de-emulsification, suspension extractant curing, auxiliary extraction, back extraction, and ionic liquid-dispersion liquid microextraction, are summarized. In addition, the synergism of this technique with other sample preparation techniques, such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, dispersive solid phase extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Kauffman is an edible ectomycorrhizal fungus that is widely distributed in the world. In this study, the mitogenome of H. russula was sequenced and assembled. The mitogenome of H. russula is composed of circular DNA molecules, with a total size of 55,769 bp. Further analysis indicated that the frequent use of A and T in codons contributes to the high AT content (80.87%) in the H. russula mitogenome. Comparative analysis indicated that the length and base composition of the core protein-encoding genes, and the number of tRNA genes in the H. russula mitogenome varied from that of other Agaricales mitogenomes. Gene arrangement analysis revealed a novel gene order in the H. russula mitogenome. In addition, the expansion of the mitogenome in Agaricales was found to be closely related to the increase in the number of introns. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined mitochondrial gene set showed strong support for tree topologies, and H. russula was determined to be relatively distant from other Agaricales species. This study is the first report on the mitogenome of a member of genus Hygrophorus as well as family Hygrophoraceae , which improves our understanding of mitochondrial differentiation and evolution in the important ectomycorrhizal fungi Hygrophorus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lyophyllum decastes and Lyophyllum shimeji are the two primary species within the L. decastes complex, and they differ considerably in their nutritional lifestyles and preferred growth environments. However, differences in their mitogenomes have not yet been investigated. In this study, the mitogenomes of the two species were sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology, successfully assembled, and compared. The two mitogenomes of L. decastes and L. shimeji comprised circular DNA molecules of sizes 50,643 bp and 73,678 bp, respectively. The lengths and base compositions of their core protein coding genes (PCGs) and tRNA genes varied considerably between the two mitogenomes. Further, gene collinearity analysis indicated a large-scale gene rearrangement between the two mitogenomes. Of the 15 core PCGs, the genetic distance of the atp9 gene was the smallest between the two species, indicating that this gene was highly conserved in the two Lyophyllum species. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined mitochondrial gene dataset resulted in a well-supported topology, wherein the two Lyophyllum species were most closely related to Tricholoma matsutake. This study represents the first report of mitogenomes for the Lyophyllum genus. As such, the results will provide a basis for understanding the differentiation and evolution of mitogenomes in the Lyophyllum genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lactarius is one of the most prominent genera of mushroom-forming fungi in the world. In the present study, complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from six Lactarius species were sequenced and assembled. The six mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, with total lengths ranging from 38,445 bp to 60,843 bp. The GC contents, GC skews, and AT skews of the mitogenomes varied among the six species. Mitogenomic synteny analysis revealed the presence of gene rearrangements among the mitogenomes. Among the 15 core protein coding genes (PCGs) within the mitogenomes, nad4L exhibited the least genetic distance among species, indicating a high degree of conservation. In addition, the Ka/Ks values for all 15 core PCGs were <1, suggesting that they were subject to purifying selection. Comparative analyses indicated that the increase of intron numbers and sizes contributed to the expansion of mitogenomes in Lactarius. Phylogenetic analyses based on three combined gene datasets yielded identical and well-supported (BPP ≥ 0.83) topologies, dividing the six Lactarius species into two groups. This study provides the first report of mitogenomes from Lactarius and promotes further understanding of the genetics, evolution, and phylogenetic relationships of this important ectomycorrhizal fungal genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of six Russula species were sequenced using next generation sequencing. The six mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, with lengths ranging from 40,961 bp to 69,423 bp. The length and number of protein coding genes (PCGs), GC content, AT skew, and GC skew varied among the six mitogenomes. The increased number and total size of introns likely contributed to the size expansion of mitogenomes in some Russula species. Gene synteny analysis revealed some gene rearrangements among the six mitochondrial genomes. The nad4L gene had the lowest K2P genetic distance of the 15 core PCGs among the six Russula species, indicating that this gene was highly conserved. The Ka/Ks values for all 15 core PCGs were <1, suggesting that they were all subject to purifying selection. Phylogenetic analyses based on two gene datasets (15 core PCGs, and 15 core PCGs + rnl + rns) recovered identical and well-supported trees. In addition, cox1 was identified as a potential single-gene molecular marker for the phylogenetic analysis of relationships among Agaricomycetes species. This study provides the first report of mitogenomes from the Russulaceae family and facilitates the investigation of population genetics and evolution of other ectomycorrhizal fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of target self-calibrating system for the guidance system of air-to-air missile is researched. The basic ideology of self-calibrating theory is studied in depth and also the advantages and disadvantages of traditional calibration method, which is based on active vision and target self-calibrating method, are listed for comparison. The mathematical model of the perspective camera is established, and on this basis, the camera parameters are figured out combining with LM optimization algorithm. The reconstruction is conducted by the method of stratified calibrating. It is proved that the theory of 3D reconstruction of target self-calibrating system in air to air missile is available according to the experimental results. It puts forward a new research approach for the guidance system of air to air missile to identify the target characteristic information in different azimuths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a critical regulatory role in cancer biology. However, the contribution of lncRNAs to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains largely unknown. Methods: RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect and verify changes to the transcriptome profile in 12 PTC tissues compared to paired normal adjacent tissues. The statistical correlation between differentially expressed lncRNAs and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed, and potential lncRNA functions were predicted by examining annotations for the co-expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, the specific subgroup patterns of the PTC transcriptome remodeled by BRAF mutations were also analyzed. Results: A total of 188 lncRNAs and 505 mRNAs were differentially expressed in 50% or more of the PTC tissues (fold change >2; p < 0.05) as assessed by RNA-sequencing compared with paired normal adjacent tissues. Forty-seven lncRNAs and 39 mRNAs were verified in 31 pairs of PTC specimens using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the results were consistent with the RNA sequencing data. The lncRNAs NONHSAT076747 and NONHSAT122730 were associated with lymph node metastasis, and NONHSAG051968 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size. A co-expression network between differentially expressed lncRNAs and protein-coding RNAs was constructed and analyzed, and functional analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes mainly participate in ECM-receptor interactions and the focal adhesion pathway. Furthermore, a specific PTC transcriptome subtype pattern stratified by BRAF mutation was also uncovered. The p53 signaling pathway was the most highly enriched pathway among the BRAF mutation-related genes. Conclusions: This study reveals specific changes to the lncRNA profile associated with PTC, and provides new insight into its pathogenesis. The PTC-associated lncRNAs NONHSAG051968, NONHSAT076747, and NONHSAT122730 might be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PTC patients, and lncRNAs with subtype-specific expression stratified by BRAF mutation might be significant in individual molecular subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is dedicated to explore the transient coupled thermoelasticity solution of the FG-GPLRC multi-curved composite panel subjected to thermal shock for the first time. Time dependent equations of motion within the context of theory of elasticity are formulated and analytically solved by means of Navier approach. The temperature gradient is acquaried by employing the energy balance equation for the composite cylindrical panel subjected to thermal shock at its outer surface and thermally isolated at its inner surface. The time history of deflections, stresses and temperature are acquired by applying modified format of Dubner's and Abate's technique to inverse the Laplace transform. The effective thermoelastic properties of the composite are calculated according to correlations presented by modified form of Halpin-Tsai micromechanics. The numerical results of this study are compared with those recorded in the associated high-quality sources to verify their accuracy. The thorough parametric exploration is executed to analyze the role of various items like mid-radius to thickness ratio, distribution patterns and weight fraction of GPL in the transient coupled thermoelasticity response of FG-GPLRC multi-curved composite panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the highly intelligent development of the manufacturing industry, assembly problems have become one of the reasons for the high cost of products. One of the main challenges in the automatic planning of assembly sequences is the identification of sub-assembly. The sub-assembly identification can effectively realize the parallel development and planning of the assembly. In the paper, the focus is concentrated on a sub-assembly recognition algorithm. It is used to recognize the sub-assemblies in various assemblies in order to simplify assembly sequence and decrease assembly difficulty and costs. Firstly, the principle of sub-assembly recognition algorithm is clarified, and the structural information model of the assembly is defined by the weighted undirected connection graph. It is then converted into an adjacency incidence matrix to judge the membership relations between parts in the assembly. Second, mathematical modeling is performed according to the process and principle of sub-assembly recognition. Thirdly, the sub-assembly recognition algorithm is programmed in Matlab, and the feasibility of the algorithm is verified by an example. Finally, the sub-assembly center initialization, the quantity of sub-assemblies c, and the fuzzy index m among the important factors in the algorithm are selected to analyze the parameters and optimize the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To develop a nanoparticle-based MRI protocol based on transrectal administration of intestine-absorbable nanoparticle contrast agents to evaluate ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were synthesized by loading gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and octadecylamine-fluorescein isothiocyanate to produce Gd-FITC-SLNs as T1 contrast agents. Twenty mice with acute UC were divided into four groups: enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs, intravenous injection of Gd-FITC-SLNs, enema with Gd-DTPA, and intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA. Five mice with chronic UC and five mice without UC underwent enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs. Axial T1- and T2-weighted MR images were obtained before and 20, 40, 60, 80,100, and 120 min after enema or intravenous injection of the contrast agent. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the colorectal wall were measured in both groups. The MRI findings were correlated with subsequent histological confirmation. Results: At 20 min after enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs, MRI showed the following contrast enhancement pattern: acute UC > normal intestinal wall > chronic UC. A continuous enhancement effect was observed in mice with acute UC, whereas a slight continuous enhancement of the colorectal wall was observed in mice with chronic UC. The normal intestinal wall rapidly metabolized the contrast agent, and the enhancement decreased on sequential scans. There was no significant difference between the SNRs of the intestinal wall at 20 min after intravenous Gd-DTPA and transrectal Gd-FITC-SLN administration. Conclusions: Enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs may be helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute and chronic UC and can confer the same or better results than with intravenous Gd-DTPA. Key Points: • Enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs may be helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute and chronic UC. • Enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs can achieve the same or better result than that with intravenous Gd-DTPA. • SLN-based MR colonography enhances the colorectal wall inflammation, based on the colonic absorption of the nanoparticle contrast agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Velocity Compaction (HVC) is a key technology to realize the performance of powder metallurgy parts "three high and one low" (high density, high precision, high performance, and low cost). The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the research results at home and abroad on the forming mechanism, forming influencing factors and theoretical basis of high velocity compaction. This paper analyzes and summarizes the literature and monographs at home and abroad through literature research methods to obtain the research results of high velocity powder metallurgy compaction, so as to fully and correctly understand the research progress, development trends and application prospects of high velocity compaction. This paper expounds the technical characteristics, advantages and limitations of high velocity compaction, and analyzes and looks forward to its development trend, application prospect and expansion field, So as to provide reference and reference for the future research and application direction of high velocity compaction technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Down-regulation of the microRNA let-7c plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the cell cycle regulator CDC25A is involved in the antitumor effect of let-7c in HCC. The expression levels of let-7c in HCC cell lines were examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and a let-7c agomir was transfected into HCC cells to overexpress let-7c. The effects of let-7c on HCC proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed. The in vivo tumor-inhibitory efficacy of let-7c was evaluated in a xenograft mouse model of HCC. Luciferase reporter assays and western blotting were conducted to identify the targets of let-7c and to determine the effects of let-7c on CDC25A, CyclinD1, CDK6, pRb and E2F2 expression. The results showed that the expression levels of let-7c were significantly decreased in HCC cell lines. Overexpression of let-7c repressed cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, led to G1 cell cycle arrest in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in a HepG2 xenograft model in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay showed that CDC25A was a direct target of let-7c, and that let-7c inhibited the expression of CDC25A protein by directly targeting its 3ʹ UTR. Restoration of CDC25A induced a let-7c-mediated G1-to-S phase transition. Western blot analysis demonstrated that overexpression of let-7c decreased CyclinD1, CDK6, pRb and E2F2 protein levels. In conclusion, this study indicates that let-7c suppresses HCC progression, possibly by directly targeting the cell cycle regulator CDC25A and indirectly affecting its downstream target molecules. Let-7c may therefore be an effective therapeutic target for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Monte Carlo method is suitable to use for the problems of turbomolecular pumps (TMPs). This method has three calculation models, namely, the 2D, ideal 3D, and real 3D models. Theoretically, real 3D models demonstrate the real geometry of TMP and should be more accurate than 2D and ideal 3D models. In this study, a simple modified algorithm of a real 3D model based on that of Amoli et al. is used to calculate the maximum compression ratio K max of a single-stage TMP in both the free molecular and transitional flow regimes. When the upstream and downstream areas are added to the calculation domain and are sufficiently large to ensure that the velocity distribution of incident molecules near the inlet and outlet of the blade area is close to the real condition, calculation results are quite accurate compared with the experiment data reported by Sawada and are much better than those reported by other previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Black tea production. • Fermentation is a crucial processing technique. • Black tea fermentation on the basis of convolutional neural network (CNN). Concrete is an ecologically friendly substance in which green concrete is a revolutionary subject in concrete industry records. The emphasis of this study was on the impact of Tea Waste (CA) as natural fiber on hardened concrete characteristics as a substitution for cement. Taking account of CO2 generation in cement manufacture, green concrete decreases emissions of CO2 into environmental production to an environmentally-friendly technique of pollution prevention. C1, C2, C3, C4 were then made of concrete of a class of 1, 2, 3, 4 kg reinforced in 1 m3 mix, then prepared and molded 4 distinct concrete types. After 28 days, the flexural and compressive strength tests have been carried out in a proper curing environment on the concrete. The findings were evaluated using the adaptive inference system neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) to accurately predict the concrete flexural and compressive strength with low error rates. Finally, the reinforced concrete with tea wastes raised the water requirement, but reduced the compressive and flexural strength compared to control mix, however, it was raised while using up to 5.4 kg waste in 1 m3 concrete. The result showed that up to 5 kg of tea wastes in 1 m3 of concrete could also be utilized as natural fibers. Also, ANFIS could show its outperformance in analyzing test results in predicting the compressive and flexural strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To validate whether the anti-cancer effect of micro RNA-122 ( miR-122) on hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) is mediated through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. Methods The expression levels of miR-122 in HCC tissues and varied hepatoma cells were quantified by real-time PCR. MiR-122 agomir was transfected into HepG2, Hep3B cells to over-express miR-122. The effect of over-expression miR-122 on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells was evaluated using CCK-8 kit and flow cytometer respectively. The 3′- UTR segments of Wnt1 containing the miR-122 binding sites were amplified by PCR and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was assayed. Wnt1 mRNA level was quantified using RT-PCR. Protein levels of Wnt1, β-catenin and TCF-4 were detected using Western blotting. Results In comparison with the expression level of miR-122 in para-cancerous tissues or Chang liver cell, the expression level in HCC tissues or varied hepatoma cells was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). Over-expression of miR-122 significantly inhibited the proliferation ( P < 0.05), and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Over-expressed miR-122 down-regulated the protein levels of Wnt1, β-catenin and TCF-4 ( P < 0.05). MiR-122 suppressed the luciferase activity of the pmiR-Wnt1-wt by approximately 50% compared with the negative control, while mutation or removal of the miR-122 binding site using si RNA or mir-122 inhibitor blocked the suppressive effect ( P < 0.05). Conclusions MiR-122 expression is down-regulated in human HCC. Over-expression of miR-122 inhibits HCC cell growth and promotes the cell apoptosis by affecting Wnt/β-catenin- TCF signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]