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We develop an adaptive method to automatically identify ARs from radial synoptic maps observed by SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI, calibrate the detections between HMI and MDI data based on identified ARs flux and area and further derive a homogeneous dataset including ARs' area and flux over the last two solar cycles. The data are compared with sunspot number, USAF/NOAA sunspot area, SMARPs and SHARPs and BARD area and flux, which show reasonable agreement. The identified ARs during the overlap period of MDI and HMI have the same areas as a whole while the AR flux based on MDI maps is about 1.36 times as large as that of HMI maps. Based on our dataset, we find strong ARs (| flux | > 1022Mx) contribute most to the difference between cycles 23 and 24 while other ARs (| flux | < 1022Mx) are similar in the two cycles in both area and flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long-term effects of individualized acupuncture in persons with chronic neck pain (CNP) remain unknown., Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pressure pain, sensory-based individualized acupuncture for relieving CNP., Design: A 24-week multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. (ChiCTR1800016371)., Setting: Outpatient settings at 4 clinical centers in China from May 2018 to March 2020., Participants: 716 participants with CNP., Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to a waiting list (WL) group or to 1 of 3 interventions, which consisted of 10 sessions over 4 weeks: higher sensitive acupoints (HSA), lower sensitive acupoints (LSA), and sham acupoints (SA) acupuncture groups., Measurements: The primary outcome was the change in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for neck pain (range, 0 to 100) from baseline to 4 weeks, with a difference of 10 points considered the minimum clinically important threshold. The VAS was also assessed every 4 weeks through 24 weeks., Results: The modified intention-to-treat population included 683 participants. The mean baseline VAS was 50.36, 50.10, 49.24, and 49.16 for HSA, LSA, SA, and WL, respectively. Compared with a mean baseline to week 4 change of -12.16 in the HSA group, the mean changes were -10.19 in the LSA group (net difference [ND], -1.97 [95% CI, -5.03 to 1.09]), -6.11 in the SA group (ND, -6.05 [CI, -9.10 to -3.00]), and -2.24 in the WL group (ND, -9.93 [CI, -12.95 to -6.90]). The intervention effects persisted at 24-week follow-up., Limitation: Lack of complete blinding and limited generalizability., Conclusion: Individualized acupuncture interventions using high- or low-sensitivity acupuncture points were more effective in reducing CNP than SA and WL control groups sustained through 24 weeks, but the magnitude of relative improvement did not reach a minimal clinically important difference., Primary Funding Source: National Natural Science Foundation of China., Competing Interests: Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M23-2425.

Background: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulating programmed cell death discovered recently that has been receiving much attention in traumatic brain injury (TBI). xCT, a major functional subunit of Cystine/glutamic acid reverse transporter (System Xc - ), promotes cystine intake and glutathione biosynthesis, thereby protecting against oxidative stress and ferroptosis., Objective: The intention of this research was to verify the hypothesis that electroacupuncture (EA) exerted an anti-ferroptosis effect via an increase in the expression of xCT and activation of the System Xc - /GSH/GPX4 axis in cortical neurons of TBI rats., Methods: After the TBI rat model was prepared, animals received EA treatment at GV20, GV26, ST36 and PC6, for 15 min. The xCT inhibitor Sulfasalazine (SSZ) was administered 2h prior to model being prepared. The degree of neurological impairment was evaluated by means of TUNEL staining and the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Specific indicators of ferroptosis (Ultrastructure of mitochondria, Iron and ROS) were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Prussian blue staining (Perls stain) and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. GSH synthesis and metabolism-related factors in the content of the cerebral cortex were detected by an assay kit. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR), Western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence (IF) were used for detecting the expression of System Xc - /GSH/GPX4 axisrelated proteins in injured cerebral cortex tissues., Results: EA successfully relieved nerve damage within 7 days after TBI, significantly inhibited neuronal ferroptosis, upregulated the expression of xCT and System Xc - /GSH/GPX4 axis forward protein and promoted glutathione (GSH) synthesis and metabolism in the injured area of the cerebral cortex. However, aggravation of nerve damage and increased ferroptosis effect were found in TBI rats injected with xCT inhibitors., Conclusions: EA inhibits neuronal ferroptosis by up-regulated xCT expression and by activating System Xc - /GSH/GPX4 axis after TBI, confirming the relevant theories regarding the EA effect in treating TBI and providing theoretical support for clinical practice., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture therapeutic courses on rheumatoid arthritis., Method: Forty-seven patients were treated with acupuncture for 6 courses and at the end of the third and sixth course of treatment, the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on morning rigidity, swelling and pain of joints as well as rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were observed., Result: At the end of the third course, the markedly effective rate was 34.0% for morning rigidity, 9.5% for swelling and 23.4% for pain, the RF negative-turning rate was 2.2%, and there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the reduction of ESR and CRP as compared to that before treatment. However, at the end of the sixth course, the markedly effective rate was 80.9% for morning rigidity, 64.3% for swelling and 87.2% for pain, the RF negative-turning rate was 26.7%, and there was a very significant difference (P < 0.01) in the reduction of ESR and CRP as compared to that before treatment., Conclusion: More acupuncture therapeutic courses can bring about better therapeutic results on rheumatoid arthritis.