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The analogue of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectrum is achieved using a metasurface that consists of an array of cross and L-shaped resonators. The mechanism of the EIT-like phenomenon are analyzed, and the influence of geometrical parameters on the effect is discussed. We achieve a multi-band EIT-like through structure configuration. In particular, polarization-independent EIT is realized. A potential application in sensing is suggested and the sensitivity of 65 GHz RIU−1 is obtained. We also investigate the impact of analyte and substrate on the transmission spectrum. We find that when the analyte thickness is higher than 40 μ m, the EIT spectral shift is less affected by the analyte thickness. The thickness insensitive characteristics are beneficial for reducing errors caused by analyte dose, thereby improving the accuracy of sensing. By introducing a phase change material, vanadium dioxide, we obtain active control of the EIT effect. Our results provide valuable insights into the development of multi-band tunable compact devices based on metasurfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Case Presentation Conclusion Congenital lumbar facet joint defect is a rare congenital developmental disorder with only a few reported cases in the literature, primarily affecting the L5‐S1 segments. This study reports the first case of a defect in the left L3 inferior articular process; and presents a review of the existing literature on the subject, proposes a classification system, and validates the inter‐observer and intra‐observer reliability of this classification system.A 14‐year‐old boy presented to our orthopedic clinic with persistent lower back pain for 1 month. Imaging analysis, including CT scans, 3D reconstruction, and MRI, revealed a congenital lumbar facet joint defect at the L3 level, which has not been reported. Conservative treatment resulted in a significant improvement in his symptoms, and he is currently under follow‐up care.Congenital defect of the lumbar facet joint is a rare spinal condition. This article reports the first patient with a defect in the left L3 inferior articular process and conducts a comprehensive literature review, proposing a classification of articular process defects into five types. The two most common types are Types B and C. We have demonstrated that this system is reliable and reproducible and have described the treatment of each type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of 2-methylsulfinylbenzazoles with triflic anhydride in the presence of phenols yields the corresponding 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfanylbenzazoles. This regioselective dehydrative C–H/C–H coupling arylation represents a rare example of functionalizations on the benzene rings of benzo-fused azoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a finite element approximation of an optimal control problem governed by a time fractional wave equation. We first prove the well-posedness and regularity of the optimal control problem. Furthermore, we discuss the fully discrete scheme and analyze its stability and a priori error estimate. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the theoretical findings. • The weak solution to the time fractional wave equation is studied under low regular data. • The well-posedness and regularity of the optimal control problem are proven. • Numerical schemes exist the first-order and second-order accuracy in time and space respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite limited research on refractory and/or endocrine therapy failure in elderly metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients, a prior study showed that low-dose oral cyclophosphamide (CY) can improve the overall survival rate of MBC patients, possibly through the immunoregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). We preliminarily investigated the combination of endocrine therapy (ET) with oral low-dose CY as salvage therapy in elderly patients via peripheral blood regulatory T-cell analyses. In addition, we evaluated the associations of tumor tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) with therapeutic outcomes. HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer patients who received low-dose CY combined with ET or ET only from April 2015 to August 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The primary outcome was the clinical control rate (CCR), and the secondary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Circulating T lymphocyte subpopulations represented by Tregs were monitored during treatment by flow cytometry methods. TLSs wereconfirmed by hematoxylin–eosin staining of pretreatment specimens, and CD3, CD4, and Foxp3 were detected using Opal multicolor immunofluorescence. A total of 85 patients who received CY + ET and 50 patients who received ET only were enrolled, the percentage of patients who received CCR was 73% (62/85) vs. 70% (45/50), and the objective response rate (ORR) was 28% (24/85) vs. 24% (12/50). No deaths occurred during the study period. The mean PFS time was 13 vs. 11 months (P = 0.03). In the CY + ET group, decreases in CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ T cells (P < 0.001) were favorable for both clinical control and prolonged PFS (P < 0.001). Compared with patients without TLSs, those with TLSs were more likely to have better clinical control and PFS (mean time = 6 months), and a greater number of Treg cells during TLS pretreatment correlated with longer PFS (P = 0.043). Oral low-dose CY combined with standard ET exerts immunological effects by decreasing Treg levels to achieve improved clinical responses. Moreover, patients with TLSs might benefit more from such therapy than those without TLSs, and a high Treg cell count in TLSs before treatment predicts better therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuproptosis is a novel programmed cell death pathway that is initiated by direct binding of copper to lipoylated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated that cuproptosis-related genes regulate tumorigenesis. However, the potential role and clinical significance of cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been established. We performed a bioinformatics analyses of RNA-sequencing data of HCC patients extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset to identify and validate a cuproptosis-related lncRNA prognostic signature. Furthermore, we analyzed the clinical significance of the prognostic signature of cuproptosis-related lncRNA in predicting the immunotherapeutic efficacy and the status of the tumor immune microenvironment. The RNA-sequencing data, genomic mutations, and clinical information were downloaded for 374 HCC samples and 50 normal liver samples from TCGA-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) dataset. Co-expression analysis of Gene-lncRNA pairs with 49 known cuproptosis-related prognostic genes was used to define cuproptosis-related prognostic lncRNAs. We performed the LASSO algorithm and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, respectively, to gradually identify the prognostic risk models of cuproptosis-related lncRNA based on the TCGA-LIHC dataset. Subsequently, the predictive performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and prognostic nomogram. The analysis of gene-lncRNA co-expression with 49 known cuproptosis-related genes identified 1359 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in the TCGA-LIHC data set. A prognostic model was constructed with nine cuproptosis-related prognostic lncRNAs (AC007998.3, AC003086.1, AC009974.2, IQCH-AS1, LINC0256 1, AC105345.1, ZFPM2-AS1, AL353708.1 and WAC-AS1) using LASSO regression and Cox regression analyses. Risk scores were calculated for all HCC patient samples based on the four cuproptosis-related lncRNA prognostic models. All HCC patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk subgroups according to a 1:1 ratio column. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that the overall survival rate (OS) of the high-risk group patients was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group. The principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that the prognostic lncRNA model accurately distinguished between high- and low-risk HCC patients. Furthermore, regression analysis as well as ROC curves confirmed the prognostic value of the risk score. A nomogram with risk scores and other clinicopathological characteristics was constructed. The nomogram accurately predicted the probability of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in HCC patients. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) scores were higher for high-risk patients than for low-risk patients. HCC patients in the low-risk group showed lower TIDE scores and greater sensitivity to antitumor drugs than those in the high-risk group. Tumor immune responses and tumor immune cell infiltration were significantly different between the high-risk and low-risk groups of patients with HCC. Our study identified a 9-cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature that accurately predicted prognosis, immunotherapeutic efficacy, and the status of the tumor immune microenvironment in HCC patients. Therefore, this cuproptosis-related lncRNA risk model is a potential prognostic biometric feature in HCC and shows high clinical value in identifying HCC patients who are potentially responsive to immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the involvement of family, community, and school in citizenship education in China, particularly in terms of the tension between traditional cultural values and today's modernisation. The analysis was based on written materials acquired through a systematic search of English and Chinese scholarly literature on the subject and relevant Chinese policy documents and laws. Following a hermeneutic approach, the image formed in the literature of Chinese citizenship education was interpreted and explained in a broader historical-cultural-social context. The results show that the traditional values of Chinese civilisation continue to play a strong role in all three arenas of citizenship education, although the conflict between traditional values emphasising conformism and modern values emphasising individual self-determination is also recognisable in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid oxide electrolysis cells are prospective approaches for CO2 utilization but face significant challenges due to the sluggish reaction kinetics and poor stability of the fuel electrodes. Herein, we strategically addressed the long‐standing trade‐off phenomenon between enhanced exsolution and improved structural stability via topotactic ion exchange. The surface dynamic reconstruction of the MnOx/La0.7Sr0.3Cr0.9Ir0.1O3−δ (LSCIr) catalyst was visualized at the atomic scale. Compared with the Ir@LSCIr interface, the in situ self‐assembled Ir@MnOx/LSCIr interface exhibited greater CO2 activation and easily removable carbonate intermediates, thus reached a 42 % improvement in CO2 electrolysis performance at 1.6 V. Furthermore, an improved CO2 electrolysis stability was achieved due to the uniformly wrapped MnOx shell of the Ir@MnOx/LSCIr cathode. Our approach enables a detailed understanding of the dynamic microstructure evolution at active interfaces and provides a roadmap for the rational design and evaluation of efficient metal/oxide catalysts for CO2 electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical synthesis of ethylene oxide (EO) using ethylene and water under ambient conditions presents a low‐carbon alternative to existing industrial production process. Yet, the electrocatalytic ethylene epoxidation route is currently hindered by largely insufficient activity, EO selectivity, and long‐term stability. Here we report a single atom Ru‐doped hollandite structure KIr4O8 (KIrRuO) nanowire catalyst for efficient EO production via a chloride‐mediated ethylene epoxidation process. The KIrRuO catalyst exhibits an EO partial current density up to 0.7 A cm−2 and an EO yield as high as 92.0 %. The impressive electrocatalytic performance towards ethylene epoxidation is ascribed to the modulation of electronic structures of adjacent Ir sites by single Ru atoms, which stabilizes the *CH2CH2OH intermediate and facilitates the formation of active Cl2 species during the generation of 2‐chloroethanol, the precursor of EO. This work provides a single atom modulation strategy for improving the reactivity of adjacent metal sites in heterogeneous electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical synthesis of ethylene oxide (EO) using ethylene and water under ambient conditions presents a low‐carbon alternative to existing industrial production process. Yet, the electrocatalytic ethylene epoxidation route is currently hindered by largely insufficient activity, EO selectivity, and long‐term stability. Here we report a single atom Ru‐doped hollandite structure KIr4O8 (KIrRuO) nanowire catalyst for efficient EO production via a chloride‐mediated ethylene epoxidation process. The KIrRuO catalyst exhibits an EO partial current density up to 0.7 A cm−2 and an EO yield as high as 92.0 %. The impressive electrocatalytic performance towards ethylene epoxidation is ascribed to the modulation of electronic structures of adjacent Ir sites by single Ru atoms, which stabilizes the *CH2CH2OH intermediate and facilitates the formation of active Cl2 species during the generation of 2‐chloroethanol, the precursor of EO. This work provides a single atom modulation strategy for improving the reactivity of adjacent metal sites in heterogeneous electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Survival prediction using high-dimensional molecular data is a hot topic in the field of genomics and precision medicine, especially for cancer studies. Considering that carcinogenesis has a pathway-based pathogenesis, developing models using such group structures is a closer mimic of disease progression and prognosis. Many approaches can be used to integrate group information; however, most of them are single-model methods, which may account for unstable prediction. Methods: We introduced a novel survival stacking method that modeled using group structure information to improve the robustness of cancer survival prediction in the context of high-dimensional omics data. With a super learner, survival stacking combines the prediction from multiple sub-models that are independently trained using the features in pre-grouped biological pathways. In addition to a non-negative linear combination of sub-models, we extended the super learner to non-negative Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear model and artificial neural network. We compared the proposed modeling strategy with the widely used survival penalized method Lasso Cox and several group penalized methods, e.g., group Lasso Cox, via simulation study and real-world data application. Results: The proposed survival stacking method showed superior and robust performance in terms of discrimination compared with single-model methods in case of high-noise simulated data and real-world data. The non-negative Bayesian stacking method can identify important biological signal pathways and genes that are associated with the prognosis of cancer. Conclusions: This study proposed a novel survival stacking strategy incorporating biological group information into the cancer prognosis models. Additionally, this study extended the super learner to non-negative Bayesian model and ANN, enriching the combination of sub-models. The proposed Bayesian stacking strategy exhibited favorable properties in the prediction and interpretation of complex survival data, which may aid in discovering cancer targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the structure and properties of extractants is of great significance for developing new extractants. For uranium extraction and recovery requirements in spent fuel reprocessing, three kinds of extractants with different ether-oxygen chains, N,N,N'N'-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentanediamide (TODGA), N,N,N'N'-tetraoctyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide (TODOODA) and N,N,N'N'-tetraoctyl-3,6,9-trioxaundecanediamide (TOUDA) were synthesized to study the influence of the ether-oxygen chain skeleton on the extraction of uranium from nitrate media. TODOODA shows a good extraction ability for uranyl ions at high nitric acid concentrations. Equimolar series method, FT–IR spectrum and MALDI–TOF–MS spectra indicated that the extracted structure was formed as [UO2NO3·TODGA]NO3, [UO2NO3·TODOODA]NO3 and [UO2NO3·TOUDA]NO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Increasing studies suggest that the biased retention of stress‐related transcription factors (TFs) after whole‐genome duplications (WGDs) could rewire gene transcriptional networks, facilitating plant adaptation to challenging environments. However, the role of posttranscriptional factors (e.g. RNA‐binding proteins, RBPs) following WGDs has been largely ignored.Uncovering thousands of RBPs in 21 representative angiosperm species, we integrate genomic, transcriptomic, regulatomic, and paleotemperature datasets to unravel their evolutionary trajectories and roles in adapting to challenging environments.We reveal functional enrichments of RBP genes in stress responses and identify their convergent retention across diverse angiosperms from independent WGDs, coinciding with global cooling periods. Numerous RBP duplicates derived from WGDs are then identified as cold‐induced. A significant overlap of 29 orthogroups between WGD‐derived and cold‐induced RBP genes across diverse angiosperms highlights a correlation between WGD and cold stress. Notably, we unveil an orthogroup (Glycine‐rich RNA‐binding Proteins 7/8, GRP7/8) and relevant TF duplicates (CCA1/LHY, RVE4/8, CBF2/4, etc.), co‐retained in different angiosperms post‐WGDs. Finally, we illustrate their roles in rewiring circadian and cold‐regulatory networks at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels during global cooling.Altogether, we underline the adaptive evolution of RBPs in angiosperms after WGDs during global cooling, improving our understanding of plants surviving periods of environmental turmoil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handwriting difficulty is a defining feature of Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD) due to the complex structure and dense information contained within compound characters. Despite previous attempts to use deep neural network models to extract handwriting features, the temporal property of writing characters in sequential order during dictation tasks has been neglected. By combining transfer learning of convolutional neural network (CNN) and positional encoding with the temporal-sequential encoding of long short-term memory (LSTM) and attention mechanism, we trained and tested the model with handwriting images of 100,000 Chinese characters from 1064 children in Grades 2–6 (DD = 483; Typically Developing [TD] = 581). Using handwriting features only, the best model reached 83.2% accuracy, 79.2% sensitivity, 86.4% specificity, and 91.2% AUC. With grade information, the best model achieved 85.0% classification accuracy, 83.3% sensitivity, 86.4% specificity, and 89.7% AUC. These findings suggest the potential of utilizing machine learning technology to identify children at risk for dyslexia at an early age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth and development can be significantly impacted by drought stress. Plants will adjust the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites to improve survival in times of water constraint. Simultaneously, drought stress can lead to modifications in the DNA methylation status of plants, and these modifications can directly impact gene expression and product synthesis by changing the DNA methylation status of functional genes involved in secondary metabolite synthesis. However, further research is needed to fully understand the extent to which DNA methylation modifies the content of secondary metabolites to mediate plants' responses to drought stress, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. Our study found that in Eleutherococcus senticosus (E. senticosus), moderate water deprivation significantly decreased DNA methylation levels throughout the genome and at the promoters of EsFPS, EsSS, and EsSE. Transcription factors like EsMYB-r1, previously inhibited by DNA methylation, can re-bind to the EsFPS promotor region following DNA demethylation. This process promotes gene expression and, ultimately, saponin synthesis and accumulation. The increased saponin levels in E. senticosus acted as antioxidants, enhancing the plant's adaptability to drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malicious domains provide malware with covert communication channels which poses a severe threat to cybersecurity. Despite the continuous progress in detecting malicious domains with various machine learning algorithms, maintaining up‐to‐date various samples with fine‐labeled data for training is difficult. To handle these issues and improve the detection accuracy, a novel malicious domain detection method named MDND‐SS‐PO is proposed that combines semi‐supervised learning and parameter optimization. The contributions of the study are as follows. First, the method extracts the statistical features of the IP address, TTL value, the NXDomain record, and the domain name query characteristics to discriminate Domain‐Flux and Fast‐Flux domain names simultaneously. Second, an improved DBSCAN based on the neighborhood division is designed to cluster labeled data and unlabeled data with low time consumption. Then, based on the clustering hypothesis, unlabeled data is tagged with pseudo‐label according to the cluster results, which aims to train a supervised classifier effectively. Finally, Gaussian process regression is used to optimize parameter settings of the algorithm. And the Silhouette index and F1 score are introduced to evaluate the optimization results. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieved a precise detection performance of 0.885 when the ratio of labeled data is 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of combined local bladder hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) for the treatment of patients with pT1 stage bladder cancer. Method: A total of 189 patients with pT1 who underwent transurethral resection of bladder cancer (TURBT) were retrospectively reviewed. After TURBT, the patients with low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) were treated with either an IVC with pirarubicin (THP) protocol or chemo‐thermotherapy (CHT) with THP protocol, whereas patients with high‐grade UC were treated with either an intravesical immunotherapy (IVI) with bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) protocol or CHT protocol, patients' characteristics, tumor biological features, and follow‐up data were analyzed and compared between CHT and IVC group in low‐grade UC, CHT, and IVI group in high‐grade UC, respectively. Results: The median follow‐up time was 24 months. In patients with low‐grade UC, the median recurrence free survival (RFS) interval and costs of treatment in CHT group were significantly higher than those in IVC group (p =.01, p <.001, respectively), CHT was associated with higher RFS compared with IVC by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and three patients in IVC group upgraded to high grade when tumor recurred, whereas no cases were found upgraded in CHT group, p =.38. In patients with high‐grade UC, tumor recurrence rates at 12 (p =.004) and 24 months (p =.004) after TURBT, rate of complications (p =.04)—especially for hematuresis (p =.03) and irritation symptoms (p =.04)—the median costs of treatment (p <.001) in CHT group were significantly lower than those in IVI group, RFS interval, health‐related quality of life) at 12 and 24 months after TURBT in CHT group was significantly higher than those in IVI group (p <.001, p =.002, and p <.001, respectively), and CHT was associated with higher RFS compared with IVI by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The rate of patients upstaged to pT2 in CHT group seemed lower than that in IVI group, but there was no significantly statistical difference (14.3% vs. 24%, p =.58). Conclusion: CHT has a beneficial prophylactic effect in patients with pT1 bladder cancer, especially in patients with high‐grade UC, which is much more effective and safer than BCG, meanwhile it costs less compared with BCG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trade-off of stiffness and ductility of metals has long plagued materials scientists. To address this issue, atomic structure designs of short-range ordering (SRO) to sub-nanometer and nanometer scales have received much interest in tailoring the atomic environment and electronic interaction between solute and solvent atoms. Taking an example of Al–Li alloy with high specific stiffness and reverse correlation of Young's modulus and melting point, in this work, we investigate the SRO-dependent stiffness and intrinsic ductile–brittle properties by performing a full-configuration strategy containing various structural ordering features. It suggests that the short-range ordered arrangement of Li atoms can effectively enhance the stiffness while keeping ductility, playing a hydrostatic pressure-like role. Our findings present fundamental knowledge to enable high stiffness and ductility for solvent phases with low modulus through designing local short-range ordered cluster structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgB 2 superconductor bulks were fabricated using Mg and B precursors. The physical state of Mg (solid, liquid, or gas) significantly influences the final product, MgB 2 bulk. In this study, the Solid-Solid, Liquid-Solid, and Gas-Solid methods were employed to fabricate MgB 2 bulks. The superconducting properties and microstructure of various samples were systematically investigated. Notably, for the first time, nano-CT was utilized to comprehensively and non-destructively analyze the microstructure of MgB 2 bulks, particularly the size and distribution of voids, which serve as the primary barrier affecting the superconducting properties. By examining the microstructure characteristics, the infiltration effect of Mg in different physical states during the reaction was analyzed, and a feasible reaction model was established. This research contributes to a better understanding of the reaction mechanism of MgB 2 , which may aid other researchers in enhancing the properties of MgB 2 superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although gemcitabine (GEM) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug in treating pancreatic cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of GEM is relatively poor. One main reason is that GEM can be easily deaminated to inactive 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) by cytidine deaminase (CDA). In order to improve the antitumor activity of GEM, a polypeptide modified GEM prodrug RGDGFLG-GEM (GEM-RGD) is designed. Because the amino group of GEM is protected by RGDGFLG peptide sequence, the in vivo stability of GEM-RGD can be significantly improved since the deamination of GEM can be avoided. GEM-RGD shows enhanced uptake by pancreatic cancer cells due to the active targeting RGD group. The cathepsin B-sensitive GFLG sequence endows GEM-RGD with specific release of GEM in pancreatic cancer cells. Compared to free GEM and non-targeted GEM prodrug RDGGFLG-GEM (GEM-RDG), GEM-RGD exhibits enhanced antitumor activity and reduced systemic toxicity. These results implies that GEM-RGD is a promising candidate in treating pancreatic cancer. [Display omitted] • The fabrication of gemcitabine prodrugs by modifying the amino groups of gemcitabine can avoid deamination by cytidine deaminase. • A cathepsin B-sensitive gemcitabine prodrug containing active targeting group is designed. • The gemcitabine prodrug exhibits enhanced antitumor activity and reduced systemic toxicity in treating pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Survival analysis and prediction of cancer patients is of great significance for their precision medicine. The robustness and interpretability of the survival prediction models are important, where robustness tells whether a model has learned the knowledge, and interpretability means if a model can show human what it has learned. In this paper, we propose a robust and interpretable model SurvConvMixer, which uses pathways customized gene expression images and ConvMixer for cancer short-term, mid-term and long-term overall survival prediction. With ConvMixer, the representation of each pathway can be learned respectively. We show the robustness of our model by testing the trained model on absolutely untrained external datasets. The interpretability of SurvConvMixer depends on gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-Cam), by which we can obtain the pathway-level activation heat map. Then wilcoxon rank-sum tests are conducted to obtain the statistically significant pathways, thereby revealing which pathways the model focuses on more. SurvConvMixer achieves remarkable performance on the short-term, mid-term and long-term overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma and skin cutaneous melanoma, and the external validation tests show that SurvConvMixer can generalize to external datasets so that it is robust. Finally, we investigate the activation maps generated by Grad-Cam, after wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kaplan–Meier estimation, we find that some survival-related pathways play important role in SurvConvMixer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major factor in the development of heart failure. Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which affect the progression of DCM. Regular exercise can induce altered non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression, which subsequently affects gene expression and protein function. The mechanism of exercise-induced mitochondrial-related non-coding RNA network in the regulation of DCM remains unclear. This study seeks to construct an innovative exercise-induced mitochondrial-related ncRNA network. Bioinformatic analysis of RNA sequencing data from an exercise rat model identified 144 differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with cutoff criteria of p< 0.05 and fold change ≥1.0. GSE6880 and GSE4745 were the differentially expressed mRNAs from the left ventricle of DCM rat that downloaded from the GEO database. Combined with the differentially expressed mRNA and MitoCarta 3.0 dataset, the mitochondrial located gene Pdk4 was identified as a target gene. The miRNA prediction analysis using miRanda and TargetScan confirmed that 5 miRNAs have potential to interact with the 144 lncRNA. The novel lncRNA-miRNA-Pdk4 network was constructed for the first time. According to the functional protein association network, the newly created exercise-induced ncRNA network may serve as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target, providing a fresh perspective to understand the molecular mechanism of different exercise types for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of aerosol radiative effects in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is limited due to the lack of reliable aerosol optical properties, especially the single scattering albedo (SSA). We firstly reported in situ measurement of SSA in Lhasa using a cavity enhanced albedometer (CEA) at λ = 532 nm from 22nd May to 11th June 2021. Unexpected strong aerosol absorbing ability was observed with an average SSA of 0.69. Based on spectral absorptions measured by Aethalometer (AE33), black carbon (BC) was found to be the dominated absorbing species, accounting for about 83% at λ = 370 nm, followed by primary and secondary brown carbon (BrCpri and BrCsec). The average direct aerosol radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere (DARFTOA) was 2.83 W/m2, indicating aerosol warming effect on the Earth‐atmosphere system. Even though aerosol loading is low, aerosol heating effect plays a significant role on TP warming due to strong absorbing ability. Plain Language Summary: The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced rapid warming over the past decades, but the key factors affecting TP climate change haven't yet been clearly understood. Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) is a key optical parameter determining aerosol warming or cooling effect; however, reliable SSA measurement is scarce in TP. This study firstly reported in situ measurement of SSA in Lhasa and explored the direct radiative effect of aerosol on TP warming. Strong aerosol absorption, mainly contributed by black carbon (BC), was observed with an average SSA value of 0.69 in this city. Besides Lhasa, other sites over TP were also reported with low SSA (≤0.77) from surface measurement. The strong aerosol absorption could cause heating effect on the Earth‐atmosphere system. To relieve TP warming, reasonable pollutant emission control strategies should be taken urgently to weaken aerosol absorbing ability. Key Points: Unexpected low aerosol single scattering albedo was observed in Lhasa via in situ measurement of multiple optical parameters simultaneouslyBlack carbon was the dominant contributor (∼83%) to aerosol absorption at 370 nm, followed by primary and secondary brown carbonThe strong absorption in Lhasa exerted positive direct aerosol radiative forcing (warming effect) at the top of atmosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High-dimensional omics data are increasingly utilized in clinical and public health research for disease risk prediction. Many previous sparse methods have been proposed that using prior knowledge, e.g., biological group structure information, to guide the model-building process. However, these methods are still based on a single model, offen leading to overconfident inferences and inferior generalization. Results: We proposed a novel stacking strategy based on a non-negative spike-and-slab Lasso (nsslasso) generalized linear model (GLM) for disease risk prediction in the context of high-dimensional omics data. Briefly, we used prior biological knowledge to segment omics data into a set of sub-data. Each sub-model was trained separately using the features from the group via a proper base learner. Then, the predictions of sub-models were ensembled by a super learner using nsslasso GLM. The proposed method was compared to several competitors, such as the Lasso, grlasso, and gsslasso, using simulated data and two open-access breast cancer data. As a result, the proposed method showed robustly superior prediction performance to the optimal single-model method in high-noise simulated data and real-world data. Furthermore, compared to the traditional stacking method, the proposed nsslasso stacking method can efficiently handle redundant sub-models and identify important sub-models. Conclusions: The proposed nsslasso method demonstrated favorable predictive accuracy, stability, and biological interpretability. Additionally, the proposed method can also be used to detect new biomarkers and key group structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized recommendation systems fundamentally assess user preferences as a reflection of their emotional responses to items. Traditional recommendation algorithms, focusing primarily on numerical processing, often overlook emotional factors, leading to reduced accuracy and limited application scenarios. This paper introduces a collaborative filtering recommendation method that integrates features of facial information, derived from emotions extracted from such data. Upon user authorization for camera usage, the system captures facial information features. Owing to the diversity in facial information, deep learning methods classify these features, employing the classification results as emotional labels. This approach calculates the similarity between emotional and item labels, reducing the ambiguity inherent in facial information features. The fusion process of facial information takes into account the user’s emotional state prior to item interaction, which might influence the emotions generated during the interaction. Variance is utilized to measure emotional fluctuations, thereby circumventing misjudgments caused by sustained non-interactive emotions. In selecting the nearest neighboring users, the method considers not only the similarity in user ratings but also in their emotional responses. Tests conducted using the Movielens dataset reveal that the proposed method, modeling facial features, more effectively aligns recommendations with user preferences and significantly enhances the algorithm’s performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population of cancer survivors has markedly increased due to the rapid improvements in cancer treatment. However, cancer survivors experience accelerated aging, which leads to chronic diseases and other age-related conditions, such as frailty. Those conditions may persist years after cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is one of the mechanisms that contribute to accelerated aging in cancer survivors. Several aging measures, including measures based on clinical markers and biomarkers, have been proposed to estimate the aging process, and some of them have shown associations with mortality and frailty in cancer survivors. Several anti-aging interventions, including lifestyle changes and anti-aging drugs, have been proposed. Future research, particularly in large-scale studies, is needed to determine the efficiency of these aging measures and anti-aging interventions before considering their application in clinics. This review focuses on the mechanisms of cellular senescence and accelerated aging in cancer survivors, assessment of the aging process using clinical markers and biomarkers, and the high prevalence of frailty in that population, as well as possible opportunities for anti-aging interventions. A deeper understanding of aging measures and anti-aging interventions in cancer survivors will contribute to the development of effective strategies to mitigate accelerated aging in cancer survivors and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in wearable electronics has witnessed the advancement of self-healable wires, which are capable of recovering mechanical and electrical properties upon structural damage. However, their highly fluctuating electrical resistances in the range of hundreds to thousands of ohms under dynamic conditions such as bending, pressing, stretching and tremoring may seriously degrade the precision and continuity of the resulting electronic devices, thus severely hindering their wearable applications. Here, we report a new family of self-healable wires with high strengths and stable electrical conductivities under dynamic conditions, inspired by mechanical–electrical coupling of the myelinated axon in nature. Our self-healable wire based on mechanical–electrical coupling between the structural and conductive components has significantly improved the electrical stability under dynamic scenarios, enabling precise monitoring of human health status and daily activities, even in the case of limb tremors from simulated Parkinson's disease. Our mechanical–electrical coupling strategy opens a new avenue for the development of dynamically stable electrodes and devices toward real-world wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fisher information is a fundamental concept of statistical inference and plays an important role in many areas of statistical analysis. In this paper, we obtain explicit expressions for the Fisher information matrix in ranked set sampling (RSS) from the simple linear regression model with replicated observations. It has been shown to be the sum of two matrices, one of which is the Fisher information matrix based on simple random sampling (SRS). The numerical results show that RSS provides more information than SRS when the same sample size is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information technology has created conducive conditions for the digital economy. The digital economy is regarded as a critical pathway for transforming traditional economic models. Green total factor productivity serves as an indicator for assessing the quality of economic development. During pivotal periods of economic transition, the digital economy and green total factor productivity have emerged as two prominent themes for achieving sustainable economic development. But the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity is less discussed. Innovation environment refers to a confluence of conditions shaped by factors such as talent, funding, cultural atmosphere and government policies, all of which collectively support innovative activities within a region. The institutional environment encompasses the aggregate of economic, political, social, and legal rules. Currently, there is little discussion on bringing innovation environment and institutional environment into the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity. To fill the research gap, this paper adopts the Slack based measure-Directional distance function model and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index to measure green total factor productivity in each region based on the panel data collected from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2019. Generalized Method of Moments method is constructed to carry out an empirical study on the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity. This paper constructs a panel threshold model with innovation environment and institutional environment as threshold variables. In further analysis, this paper employs panel quantile regression for the empirical analysis of the impact of the digital economy on green total factor productivity. Further analysis elucidates the evident disparities in the influence of the digital economy on green total factor productivity at various levels. The research results can provide a guide for discussing the green value of the digital economy and its role in fostering the development of a green economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the distinct classification of insomnia symptoms and to explore their association with sleep problems and depression. Latent profile analysis was used to examine patterns of insomnia symptoms in two samples. Discovery and replication samples comprised 1043 (Mean age at baseline = 18.95 ± 0.93 years, 62.2% females) and 729 (Mean age at baseline = 18.71 ± 1.02 years, 66.4% females) college students, respectively. Participants completed measures of sleep problems (insomnia symptoms, sleep quality, susceptibility to insomnia, perceived consequences of insomnia, dream recall frequency, and percentage of recurring nightmares) and other psychological variables (rumination and depression). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of different types of insomnia symptoms at baseline on sleep problems and depression two years later. Four classes of insomnia symptoms were identified, and classified as "non-insomnia" (class 1, 45.7%), "mild subjective symptoms but severe subjective feelings" (class 2, 23.9%), "severe subjective symptoms but mild subjective feelings" (class 3, 22.0%), and "high insomnia risk" (class 4, 8.4%), respectively. Compared with the group classified as non-insomnia group, other classifications significantly predicted insomnia two years later, only class 4 significantly predicted depression, and class 3 significantly predicted susceptibility to insomnia, after adjusting gender, insomnia, depression, and susceptibility to insomnia at baseline. The findings highlighted the importance of identifying the patterns of insomnia symptoms, and the need for tailored intervention to improve sleep problems. Additionally, when screening for insomnia symptoms, simplified screening using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) dimensions or items should be considered. • Identifying the distinct classification of insomnia symptoms. • Insomnia symptoms classes at baseline differently predicted sleep problems and depression two years later. • For insomnia symptom screening, consider using simplified insomnia symptoms index (ISI) dimensions or items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible pressure sensor is widely used in fields such as healthcare, intelligent prosthetics, and patient rehabilitation. However, how to ensure high sensitivity of the sensor while having a wide detection range remains a challenge. In order to address this challenge, a flexible pressure sensor with a wide detection range based on capacitive‐piezoresistive dual mode conversion is proposed. By manufacturing circular through‐holes on the dielectric layer of the sensor, the microstructure of the upper and lower electrode layers can achieve non‐contact and contact switching under different pressures through the through holes. This means that the sensor remains in capacitive mode at low pressure and then in piezoresistive mode at high pressure. By cleverly combining the two modes, the measurement range can reach 2 000 kPa and high sensitivity can be maintained during mode switching. In addition, its production process is simple, the cost is low, and it has a fast response time (120 ms) and good repeatability stability. The experimental results indicate that the sensor can achieve ideal performance in proximity detection, human behavior monitoring, and ultra high‐pressure detection, and has broad application prospects in providing a more powerful human‐computer interaction interface and expanding more comprehensive health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of TiO2 used as an efficient electron transport layer is crucial to achieving high-performance solar cells, especially for a hole transport material (HTM)-free carbon-based perovskite solar cell (PSC). The hydrolysis of TiCl4 is one of the most widely used routes for forming TiO2 layer in solar cells, which includes the stock solution preparation from TiCl4 initial precursor and the thermal hydrolysis of the stock solution. The second thermal hydrolysis step has been extensively studied, while the initial hydrolysis reaction in the first step is not receiving sufficient attention, especially for its influence on the photovoltaic performance of HTM-free carbon-based devices. In this study, the role of TiCl4 stock solution in the growth process of TiO2 layer is examined. Based on the analysis of the Ti(IV) intermediate states for different TiCl4 concentrations from Raman spectra, 2 M TiCl4 precursor exhibits moderate nucleation and growth kinetics without generating too many intermediates which occurs in 3 M TiCl4 precursor, yielding ∼300 nm size spherical TiO2 agglomerates with a rutile phase. In the aspect of devices, the HTM-free carbon-based PSCs fabricated using 2 M TiCl4 precursor deliver a conversion efficiency beyond 17%, which may be attributed to the reduced defect in compact TiO2 layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud: The tumor immune microenvironment influences the efficiency of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in high-grade glioma (HGG). This study investigated peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets as clinical indicators of therapeutic response and prognosis in pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG). Methods: This retrospective study included 77 patients with postoperative pHGG who were treated concurrently with temozolomide and external beam radiotherapy between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018. The median follow-up was 26 (range: 5-106) months. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before and after CCRT. The proportions of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and their association with treatment outcome and survival were determined. Results: Sixty-four (83.1%) patients achieved complete remission, partial remission, and stable disease, and 13 (16.9%) patients had progressive disease. Higher CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ CD28+ T cell ratios were predictive of better response, while a higher CD8+ CD28− T cell ratio was predictive of poorer response. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the CD8+ CD28+ T cell ratio was a significant independent predictor of CCRT response (odds ratio [OR] = 53.521, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.294-667.119, P =.002). Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors associated with survival showed that the CD8+ CD28+ T lymphocyte ratio was a significant independent predictor of progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.06-3.08, P =.03), but none of the subsets were significantly associated with overall survival. Conclusion: Peripheral blood T lymphocytes have potential as predictors of CCRT response and prognosis in pHGG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic reperfusion injury, caused by oxidative stress during reperfusion, is an inevitable outcome of organ transplantation, especially when the organ preservation time is prolonged. Prolonged ischaemic preservation is a valuable technique for improving the success of organ transplantation, but numerous challenges remain. 3‐nitro‐N‐methyl salicylamide (3‐NNMS), an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III, can be used to reduce reactive oxygen species production during blood reperfusion by slowing the electron flow rate of the respiratory chain. Based on this property, a novel preservation solution was developed for the preservation of isolated rat heart and its cardioprotective effect was investigated during an 8‐h cold ischaemia preservation time for the first time. For comparison, 3‐NNMS was also included in the histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate (HTK) solution. Compared to HTK, HTK supplemented with 3‐NNMS significantly improved the heart rate of isolated rat hearts after 8 h of cold storage. Both 3‐NNMS solution and HTK supplemented with 3‐NNMS solution decreased cardiac troponin T and lactate dehydrogenase levels in perfusion fluid and reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in the myocardium. The 3‐NNMS also maintained the membrane potential of myocardial mitochondria and significantly increased superoxide dismutase levels. These results showed that the new 3‐NNMS solution can protect mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte function by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative stress in cryopreserved rat hearts during a prolonged preservation time, resulting in less myocardial injury and better heart rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical encryption based on single-pixel imaging (SPI) has made great advances with the introduction of deep learning. However, the use of deep neural networks usually requires a long training time, and the networks need to be retrained once the target scene changes. With this in mind, we propose an SPI encryption scheme based on an attention-inserted physics-driven neural network. Here, an attention module is used to encrypt the single-pixel measurement value sequences of two images, together with a sequence of cryptographic keys, into a one-dimensional ciphertext signal to complete image encryption. Then, the encrypted signal is fed into a physics-driven neural network for high-fidelity decoding (i.e., decryption). This scheme eliminates the need for pre-training the network and gives more freedom to spatial modulation. Both simulation and experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility and eavesdropping resistance of this scheme. Thus, it will lead SPI-based optical encryption closer to intelligent deep encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytospora (Cytosporaceae, Diaporthales) is a fungal genus that usually inhabits plants as endophytes, saprobes, as well as pathogens. Species of this genus are characterized by possessing allantoid hyaline conidia and ascospores. Samples with typical Cytospora canker symptoms on Prunus davidiana, P. padus and Salix sp. were collected in Tibet and Xinjiang, China. Species were identified using both morphological and molecular approaches of combined loci of internal transcribed spacer region rDNA (ITS), the partial actin (act) region, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene and the partial be-ta-tubulin (tub2) gene. Six isolates in the present study formed three distinct clades from previously known species. Cytospora hejingensis sp. nov. from Salix sp., C. jilongensis sp. nov. from P. davidiana and C. kunsensis from P. padus were proposed herein. The current study improves the understanding of species concept in Cytospora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synchronous reluctance machines are considered a cost-effective solution for several industrial applications and present potential efficiency benefits compared to induction motors. In industrial applications, power supply oscillations can lead to short-term disturbances that can affect the drive operation; therefore, the control must be robust to guarantee high efficiency and service continuity. The focus of this study was to identify the speed boundaries considering different values of applied DC-link voltage, taking into account the highly nonlinear magnetic behavior of the machine and its cross-coupling characteristics. In addition, a comprehensive carrier-based implementation of a pulse width modulation strategy was proposed to achieve optimal efficiency in both the machine and converter, which is essential in the presence of "weak" grids. The proposed technique was demonstrated to meet the desired reference torque and rated speed, even during DC-link voltage drops (up to 7.4% of the rated voltage). The proposed methodology was experimentally validated on a 90 kW SynRM drive with a broader modulation range and higher efficiency. This work considered several different supply voltage levels to assess the stability and continuity of torque output and further proved the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation burden from CT examinations increases rapidly with the increased clinical use frequency. Previous studies have disclosed the association between radiation exposure and increased double-strand breaks (DSBs) and changes in DNA methylation. However, whether the induced DSBs by CT examination recover within 24h and whether a CT examination induces detectable gene-specific methylation changes are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyze γ-H2AX in the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) of healthy adults before and after CT examination and to discover the differentially methylated positions (DMPs) along with an analysis of DNA methylation changes caused by CT examination. Peripheral blood samples of 4 ml were drawn from 20 healthy volunteers at three time points: before CT examination, after CT examination 1h, and after CT examination 24h. γ-H2AX immunofluorescence and Illumina Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip (850k BeadChip) were used respectively for the test of DSBs and the epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis. Linear mixed-effect (LME) models were used to evaluate the impacts of doses represented by different parameters and foci on genome-wide DNA methylation. The number of γ-H2AX foci per cell at 1h showed linear dose–responses for the radiation doses represented by CT index volume (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), and blood absorbed dose, respectively. Residual γ-H2AX foci was observed after CT examination at 24h (p <.001). DMPs and γ-H2AX foci changes could be found within 1h. One CpG site related to PAX5 was significantly changed by using most of the parameters in LME models and did not recover till 24h. Residual γ-H2AX foci exist after CT examination at 24h. The DNA methylation changes induced by CT examination may not recover within 24h. The DNA methylation had been changed as early as at 1h. The PAX5-related CpG site may be a potential biomarker of low-dose radiation. The biological effects and the cancer risks of CT examination are still unclear. The present study is an effort to document the CT scan-induced events in 24h in vivo. The CT scanning area should be strictly limited, and non-essential repeated operations shouldn't be performed within 24h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camelina neglecta is a new diploid Brassicaceae species, which has great research value because of its close relationship with the hexaploid oilseed crop Camelina sativa. Here, we report a chromosome-level assembly of C. neglecta with a total length of 210 Mb. By adopting PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology, the C. neglecta genome was assembled into 6 chromosomes with scaffold N50 of 29.62 Mb. C. neglecta has undergone the whole-genome triplication (γ) shared among eudicots and two whole-genome duplications (α and β) shared by crucifers, but it has not undergone a specific whole-genome duplication event. By synteny analysis between C. neglecta and C. sativa, we successfully used the method of calculating Ks to distinguish the three subgenomes of C. sativa and determined that C. neglecta was closest to the first subgenome (SG1) of C. sativa. Further, transcriptomic analysis revealed the key genes associated with seed oil biosynthesis and its transcriptional regulation, including SAD, FAD2, FAD3, FAE1, ABI3, WRI1 and FUS3 displaying high expression levels in C. neglecta seeds. The high representability of C. neglecta as a model species for Camelina-based biotechnology research has been demonstrated for the first time. In particular, floral Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration-based transformation of C. neglecta, leading to overexpression of CvLPAT2, CpDGAT1 and CvFatB1 transgenes, was demonstrated for medium-chain fatty acid accumulation in C. neglecta seed oil. This study provides an important genomic resource and establishes C. neglecta as a new model for oilseed biotechnology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black phosphorus (P(black)) shows impressive physicochemical features for electrocatalysis including adjustable bandgap and high charge carrier mobility. However, the existence of solitary electron pairs in exfoliated P(black) nanosheets (EP(black)) leads to rapid surface degradation, resulting in unfavorable durability. Herein, a P–O bridge was created in the heterostructure EP(black)/vanadium-doped cobalt hydroxide with oxygen vacancy (EP(black)/V–CoO 2- x H 2) to stabilize and expedite oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. By bonding the solitary electron pairs of EP(black) and oxygen species (OH*) of V–CoO 2- x H 2 , the distinctive P–O bridge resulted in important ligand effects that improved not merely the stability of EP(black) but effectively regulated the electron configuration of V–CoO 2- x H 2. DFT simulations revealed that directional interfacial electron migration from V–CoO 2- x H 2 to EP(black) facilitated the formation of pivotal OER intermediates and hence boosted OER activities. This study proposes a novel strategy to enhance the electrochemical properties of EP(black), which could be extended to a wide range of high-performance electrocatalyst systems. [Display omitted] • V–CoO 2- x H 2 was coupled with EP(black) to form a highly conductive and stable interface to boost OER properties. • EP(black)/V–CoO 2- x H 2 was exhibited by an overpotential of 269 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 31 mV dec−1. • The mechanism of enhanced performances for EP(black)/V–CoO 2- x H 2 is discussed. • This work highlights the potential of P(black) as an effective 2D matrix to develop high-quality OER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic–plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest in many fields because they can exhibit more physical and chemical properties than individual magnetic or plasmonic NPs. In this work, we synthesized Au- or Ag-decorated Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with PEI (Fe3O4-PEI-M (M = Au or Ag) NPs) using a simple method. The influences of the plasmonic metal NPs' (Au or Ag) coating density on the magnetic and plasmonic properties of the Fe3O4-PEI-M (M = Au or Ag) NPs were investigated, and the density of the plasmonic metal NPs coated on the Fe3O4 NPs surfaces could be adjusted by controlling the polyethyleneimine (PEI) concentration. It showed that the Fe3O4-PEI-M (M = Au or Ag) NPs exhibited both magnetic and plasmonic properties. When the PEI concentration increased from 5 to 35 mg/mL, the coating density of the Au or Ag NPs on the Fe3O4 NPs surfaces increased, the corresponding magnetic intensity became weaker, and the plasmonic intensity was stronger. At the same time, the plasmonic resonance peak of the Fe3O4-PEI-M (M = Au or Ag) NPs was red shifted. Therefore, there was an optimal coverage of the plasmonic metal NPs on the Fe3O4 NPs surfaces to balance the magnetic and plasmonic properties when the PEI concentration was between 15 and 25 mg/mL. This result can guide the application of the Fe3O4-M (M = Au or Ag) NPs in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, deep learning-based classification methods for hyperspectral images (HSIs) have gained widespread popularity in fields such as agriculture, environmental monitoring, and geological exploration. This is owing to their ability to automatically extract features and deliver outstanding performance. This study provides a new Dilated Spectral–Spatial Gaussian Transformer Net (DSSGT) model. The DSSGT model incorporates dilated convolutions as shallow feature extraction units, which allows for an expanded receptive field while maintaining computational efficiency. We integrated transformer architecture to effectively capture feature relationships and generate deep fusion features, thereby enhancing classification accuracy. We used consecutive dilated convolutional layers to extract joint low-level spectral–spatial features. We then introduced Gaussian Weighted Pixel Embedding blocks, which leverage Gaussian weight matrices to transform the joint features into pixel-level vectors. By combining the features of each pixel with its neighbouring pixels, we obtained pixel-level representations that are more expressive and context-aware. The transformed vector matrix was fed into the transformer encoder module, enabling the capture of global dependencies within the input data and generating higher-level fusion features with improved expressiveness and discriminability. We evaluated the proposed DSSGT model using five hyperspectral image datasets through comparative experiments. Our results demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to those of current state-of-the-art methods, providing compelling evidence of the DSSGT model's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with transient ischemia attack (TIA) or stroke, paradoxical embolism, and migraines. PFO closure decreases the recurrent incidence of cerebral ischemic events and reduces the incidence of syncope in adults. However, whether PFO is associated with syncope in pediatric patients has not been investigated. Methods: 1001 pediatric patients (aged 4 to 17 years, mean age 10.31 ± 2.61 years, 519 males) who complained of unexplained syncope, palpitation, headache, dizziness and chest pain and were hospitalized in the Syncope Ward, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between January 2013 and April 2022 were recruited. Children with definite etiology of syncope, neurological, cardiogenic, psychological and other system diseases were excluded. PFO was measured by transthoracic echocardiography and right-heart contrast echocardiography was performed to identify the presence of right-to-left shunting. The demographic data and medical records were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results: 276 cases were included in the simple syncope group, 379 cases in the headache/dizziness group, 265 cases in the chest pain group, and 81 cases in the palpitation group. The incidence of PFO between the four groups was insignificant (4.71%, 4.74%, 4.15%, 6.17%, respectively, P = 0.903). Multivariate Logistic regression demonstrated that PFO is not associated with the increased risk of syncope (P = 0.081). Conclusion: PFO may not increase the risk of syncope in pediatric patients. Further study may include a large and multicenter sample to investigate the association between PFO and unexplained syncope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently discovered kagome superconductors offer a promising platform for investigating intertwined orders and novel states, including topology, superconductivity, charge density waves, and more. The interplay among these orders can spontaneously break rotational symmetry, giving rise to exotic phenomena such as nematicity or even nematic superconductivity. Here we present our findings on the two-fold symmetric superconductivity in thin-flake RbV3Sb5 in response to direction-dependent in-plane magnetic fields, in contrast to the inherent six-fold structural symmetry of the crystal lattice. The two-fold symmetry was evidenced through a combination of magnetoresistance transport experiments, critical magnetic field measurements, and observations of anisotropic superconducting gaps. Additionally, by altering the experimental configuration, we also detected the presence of six-fold symmetric components superimposed on the two-fold symmetry at the boundary between normal and superconducting states. Our results underscore the correlation-driven symmetry-breaking phenomena and emphasize the potential of this correlated kagome family as a promising platform for investigating intertwined orders, including unconventional superconductivity. Kagome materials provide a platform to investigate the interplay between a range of ordered phases such as charge density waves, superconductivity, as well as non-trivial topological properties. Here, the authors observed the two-fold symmetric superconductivity in RbV3Sb5, which suggests the presence of unconventional superconductivity involved with nematic states and spin-orbit-parity coupled superconductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a clinically common neurally mediated syncope. The relationship between different hemodynamic types of VVS and clinical syncopal symptoms has not been reported. The purpose of this research is to explore relationship between hemodynamic types and syncopal symptoms in pediatric VVS. Two thousand five hundred thirteen patients diagnosed with VVS at the age of 3–18 years, average age was 11.76 ± 2.83 years, including 1124 males and 1389 females, due to unexplained syncope and pre-syncope from single-center of January 2001 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of syncopal symptoms: syncope group (1262 cases) and pre-syncope group (1251 cases). (1) Baseline characteristics: age, height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased in the syncope group compared with the pre-syncope group; the composition ratio of females was more than that of males in the syncope group; and the composition ratio of VVS-cardioinhibited (VVS-CI) and VVS-mixed (VVS-M) was more in the syncope group than that of the pre-syncope group (all P < 0.05). (2) Univariate analysis: age, height, weight, SBP, DBP, female, VVS-CI, and VVS-M were potential risk factors for the presence of syncopal symptoms (all P < 0.05). (3) Multivariate analysis: VVS-CI and VVS-M were independent risk factors for the presence of syncopal symptoms, with an increased probability of 203% and 175%, respectively, compared to VVS-vasoinhibited (VVS-VI) (all P < 0.01). Conclusion: The hemodynamic type of pediatric VVS is closely related to the syncopal symptoms. What is Known: • There are varying probabilities of syncopal episodes in different hemodynamic types of VVS, and there is a lack of research to assess the comparative risk of syncope in children with different hemodynamic types of VVS. What is New: • The probability in presence of syncopal symptoms varies greatly between different hemodynamic types of VVS. • VVS-CI and VVS-M had a 203% and 175% increased risk in presence of syncopal symptoms compared with VVS-VI, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline phase engineering is a prominent strategy for synergistically optimizing the surface–body phases of a catalyst. In this work, TiO2 nanosheets assembled into nanotubes (TNSTs) with two phases, anatase and rutile, were firstly synthesized via crystal engineering by simple thermal annealing. These were subsequently loaded with Ru nanoparticles, with a mean size of 5.0 nm, to create the efficient benzene hydrogenation catalyst Ru/TNSTs. The well-designed nanosheet-tube structure boasts a large specific surface area and excellent transmission channels, which effectively prevents the agglomeration and deactivation of loaded Ru nanoparticles, as well as promoting the internal diffusion in the reaction process of benzene hydrogenation to cyclohexene. Furthermore, titanium dioxide nanosheet-tubes contain numerous Ti3+ defects, which not only improves the overall conversion rate of cyclohexene but also enhances the suppression of cyclohexene adsorption. Most importantly, the titanium dioxide with its two-phase composition of 75 wt% anatase and 25 wt% rutile increases the ratio of electron deficiencies of Ru and promotes cyclohexene desorption. These synergistic properties enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the Ru/TNSTs catalysts, resulting in excellent performance in the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene. In particular, the Ru/TNSTs-4 catalyst (annealed for 4 h), under the specific conditions of 140 °C temperature and 5 MPa hydrogen pressure for the hydrogenation process, achieves a 95% initial selectivity and 51% yield of cyclohexene in the reaction, outperforming most supported Ru-based catalysts. This work may provide new perspectives for designing efficient benzene hydrogenation catalysts via crystalline phase engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytoplasmic Dynein is a multiple-subunit macromolecular motor protein involved in the transport process of cells. The Dynein intermediate chain (DIC) is one of the subunits of Dynein-1. In our previous studies, we showed that Pt-DIC may play an important role in the nuclear deformation of spermiogenesis in Portunus trituberculatus. Lamin B is essential for maintaining nuclear structure and functions. Surprisingly, Pt-Lamin B was expressed not only in the perinucleus but also in the pro-acrosome during spermiogenesis in P. trituberculatus. Studies have also shown that Dynein-1 can mediate the transport of Lamin B in mammals. Thus, to study the relationship of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B in the spermatogenesis of P. trituberculatus, we knocked down the Pt-DIC gene in P. trituberculatus by RNAi. The results showed that the distribution of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B in spermiogenesis was abnormal, and the colocalization was weakened. Moreover, we verified the interaction of Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B via coimmunoprecipitation. Therefore, our results suggested that both Pt-DIC and Pt-Lamin B were involved in the spermatogenesis of P. trituberculatus, and one of the functions of Dynein-1 is to mediate the transport of Lamin B in the spermiogenesis of P. trituberculatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microwave absorption performance of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can be improved by reducing the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves and broadening the absorption frequency band. The present work prepared flaky irregular-shaped Al1.5Co4Fe2Cr and Al1.5Co4Fe2Cr@rGO alloy powders by mechanical alloying (MA) at different rotational speeds. It was found that the addition of trace amounts of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) had a favorable effect on the impedance matching, reflection loss (RL), and effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) of the Al1.5Co4Fe2Cr@rGO HEA composite powders. The EAB of the alloy powders prepared at 300 rpm increased from 2.58 GHz to 4.62 GHz with the additive, and the RL increased by 2.56 dB. The results showed that the presence of rGO modified the complex dielectric constant of HEA powders, thereby enhancing their dielectric loss capability. Additionally, the presence of lamellar rGO intensified the interfacial reflections within the absorber, facilitating the dissipation of electromagnetic waves. The effect of the ball milling speed on the defect concentration of the alloy powders also affected its wave absorption performance. The samples prepared at 350 rpm had the best wave absorption performance, with an RL of −16.23 and −17.28 dB for a thickness of 1.6 mm and EAB of 5.77 GHz and 5.43 GHz, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme dry and wet events can result in significant crop yield losses. However, the impact of consecutive occurrence of dry and wet extremes on crop yield remains unclear. Here, we investigate the hotspots of compound dry and wet (CDW) extremes across global rice croplands and their impacts on rice yield. We identify a significant increasing trend in the frequency of CDW extremes during 1981–2016. The risk of yield loss caused by CDW extremes can be twice as high as the risk from individual wet and dry extremes. Furthermore, we find that global rice croplands face a 43% higher risk of rice yield loss due to dry‐to‐wet extremes compared to wet‐to‐dry extremes. Our findings provide new insights into the sustainability of global rice production and food security in the face of compound hydrological extremes. Plain Language Summary: It is widely recognized that compound events may exert larger impacts on crop production compared to individual extremes. Here, we investigate the consecutive occurrence of dry and wet (CDW) extremes during the rice‐growing season and estimate their impacts on rice yield. We observe a significant increase in the frequency of CDW extremes across global rice croplands during the rice‐growing season from 1981 to 2016. The CDW extremes exert a larger impact on rice yield loss compared to individual wet and dry extremes. The CDW extremes, characterized by longer durations of both dry and wet extremes and faster transitions between them, have an even more adverse influence on rice yield. The risk of yield loss caused by CDW extremes is 200% higher than the risk from individual wet and dry extremes. Furthermore, global rice croplands face a 43% higher risk of yield loss due to dry‐to‐wet extremes than wet‐to‐dry extremes. Key Points: A significant increasing trend in the frequency of compound dry and wet (CDW) extremes was observed across global rice croplandsThe risk of rice yield loss caused by CDW extremes can be twice as high as the risk from individual wet and dry extremesGlobal rice croplands face a 43% higher risk of rice yield loss caused by dry‐to‐wet extremes compared to wet‐to‐dry extremes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]