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Objective To summarize the prescription characteristics and medication rules for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from professor LIANG Xiaochun and to inherit professor LIANG Xiaochun′s academic anamnesis. Methods Using the retrospective real world research (RWS) method and the electronic medical record of Peking Union Medical Union Hospital Information System (HIS),the clinical records of DKD outpatient treatment by professor LIANG Xiaochun′s from 2020 to 2022 was collected to built a database with the support of Traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance computing platform (V3.5) software. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis and other methods were used to analyze the frequency of medication performance and the medication′s four natures, five flavors, meridian tropism, and the combination of commonly used drugs in the treatment of DKD were reviewed. Results A total of 205 cases covering 193 traditional Chinese medicines were collected. The most frequent use of drugs were Cuscutae Semen,Mori Cortex,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,Achyranthes aspera Linn,Commelinae Herba,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Radix Et Rhizoma Rumei,Ramulus Euonymi Alati and Astmgali Radix. The four natures shared by them are cold and the five flavors are mostly sweetness. The meridian tropism belongs to the liver, spleen, and kidney. The analysis of drug association showed that the core drug combination was: Cuscutae Semen-Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,Cuscutae Semen-Achyranthes aspera Linn,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Achyranthes aspera Linn,Achyranthes aspera Linn-Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Cuscutae Semen-Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma etc. The four core prescriptions were obtained by cluster analysis: Cuscutae Semen-Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Mori Cortex-Achyranthes aspera Linn-Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma-Radix Et Rhizoma Rumei,Cuscutae Semen-Commelinae Herba-Mori Cortex-Achyranthes aspera Linn-Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Cuscutae Semen-Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Mori Cortex-Commelinae Herba-Achyranthes aspera Linn-Radix Et Rhizoma Rumei,Mori Cortex-Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Cuscutae Semen-Astmgali Radix-Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma-Commelinae Herba. Conclusions Professor LIANG Xiaochun treated DKD with the principle of tonifying the spleen and kidney, promoting blood circulation, and removing turbidity. The experience of medication embodies the academic anamnesis the combination of tonifying kidney and solidifying astringency, the combination of removing turbidity and detoxifying supplemented by activating blood and water circulation in human body.

In this study, dynamic high-pressure microjet (DHPM) was used to investigate its effect on the structure and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber in hawthorn pomace. The results showed that after DHPM treatment under different conditions, the content of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in hawthorn pomace increased by 34.59%-73.54% when compared with that of the control group, and the nitrite-adsorbing capability and cation-exchange capacity significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, water-holding, oil-holding and swelling capacity reached up to the maximum when the pomace was at 200 MPa for 3 cycles, which was increased by 2.08, 8.34, and 2.25 times, respectively, when compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05). Thermogravimetric and rheological analyses showed a decreasing trend in apparent viscosity and a decrease in thermal stability; particle size and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that the particle size decreased and then increased, the surface was rough, the structure was loose, and the particles agglomerated at the pressure of 250 MPa; infrared spectroscopy and 13C NMR analyses showed decreased crystallinity and degradation of some cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Therefore, DHPM treatment could increase the soluble dietary fiber content, hydration characteristics, and enhance its nitrite-adsorbing capacity and cation-exchange capacity with reduced thermal stability, particle size, apparent viscosity and crystallinity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of hawthorn pomace.

Several new types of neutron absorbers with high melting points and non-alpha emit characteristics have been proposed by France and Japan in recent years. After comparison of the fuel assembly reactivity inserted with different rare earth oxide, the absorption effect of Eu2O3 mix with HfO2 is proven to be the best. The Eu2HfO5 ceramic derived from the mixture of Eu2O3 and HfO2 with Mole ratio 1∶1 was fabricated shown fluorite phase. The preparation process was studied and multiple experiments on the physical characteristics of this ceramic material were performed. The measurement on density was examined by Archimedes’ method. The measurement of linear thermal expansion coefficient was carried out by push-rod technique. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure test was conducted by high temperature differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal diffusivity was measured with laser flash diffusivity analyzer. The thermal conductivity was then calculated from equation with density, specific heat capacity at constant pressure and thermal diffusivity, the results is 1.66 W/(m·℃) under room temperature. The Young’s modulus was done with Grindo Sonic MK7. The melting point was tested in a non-container laser suspension furnace. The flexural strength, compressive strength was examined on universal testing machine. The micro-structure was observed on scanning electron microscope (SEM) KYKY EM6900. The subcritical water oxidation test was done in autoclave at 360 ℃. The density measurement and the XRD spectrum show the compactness and phase purity for the Eu2HfO5 ceramic sample. SEM image demonstrates the grain size is around 5-15 μm. The melting point of 2 414 ℃ measured by the dual-spectroscope is consistent with the theoretical value 2 434 ℃. A weight gain of 0.6% is found after the subcritical water oxidation. The preparation process was also optimized and the density of the Eu2HfO5 sample was improved. The thermophysical properties such as specific heat capacity at constant pressure, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and compressive strength was tested for the new sample. This new type neutron absorber Eu2HfO5 was irradiated with neutron flux up to 1×1020 cm−2 on CMRR. For comparison, test before and after the irradiation was performed on the same machine. The post examination of the irradiation shows that there is no significant change with respect to appearance and density. However flexural strength and compressive strength increases a bit. The analysis of neutron radiograph for Eu2HfO5 shows a decrease of neutron absorption ratio of 18.3% after irradiation while the computational simulation of neutron radiograph result gives an absorption ratio decrease of 2.3%. The comprehensive performance test data is obtained in this study, and irradiation experiment was performed which verifying the expected advantages for the fabricated Eu2HfO5 ceramic. The accumulated basic data is valuable for the subsequent application of the material.

为促进核桃加工副产物的综合利用，探究副产物中多酚对核桃油氧化稳定性的影响，测定了槲皮素、没食子酸、儿茶素、绿原酸、鞣花酸5种核桃内源性多酚对DPPH和ABTS+自由基的清除能力及氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）以评价其体外抗氧化能力，并将5种内源性多酚分别加入核桃油中，进行18 d的加速氧化试验，以酸值、过氧化值、共轭二烯值、共轭三烯值、同步荧光光谱、色泽及感官品质（透明度、气味、滋味）作为考察指标，分析其对核桃油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明：槲皮素、没食子酸和绿原酸的体外抗氧化能力较强；5种多酚均能有效减缓核桃油酸值、过氧化值、共轭二烯值和共轭三烯值的升高，其中没食子酸、绿原酸和儿茶素在维持核桃油感官品质方面优于其他2种多酚。综上，在开发核桃油相关产品时，可以考虑通过添加没食子酸、儿茶素和绿原酸提高产品的氧化稳定性。To promote the comprehensive utilization of the walnut processing by-products and explore the effect of polyphenols from the by-products on the oxidation stability of walnut oil, the DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) of five walnut endogenous polyphenols including quercetin, gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid were measured to analyse their in vitro antioxidant capacity. To compare and analyse the effect of the five walnut endogenous polyphenols on walnut oil′s oxidation stability, acid value, peroxide value, conjugated diene value, conjugated triene value, synchronous fluorescence spectra, color and sensory index (transparency, odours, taste) of walnut oil added with five endogenous polyphenols were determined during the 18 d accelerated oxidation experiment. The results showed that in vitro antioxidant capacities of quercetin, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were stronger. All five polyphenols could effectively inhibit the increase of acid value, peroxide value, conjugated diene value and conjugated triene value, among which gallic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid were superior to the other two polyphenols in maintaining the sensory quality of walnut oil. Therefore, when developing walnut oil related products, it can be considered to improve the oxidation stability of products by adding gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and catechin.