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The fracture toughness of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coatings in terms of critical strain energy release rate G Ic was investigated using a tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) approach. This approach makes the fracture toughness be measured only using the critical fracture load disregarding crack length during test. The Al2O3 coatings were deposited under different spray distances and plasma powers to clarify the effect of spray parameters on the G Ic of the coatings. The fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscope. On the basis of an idealized layer microstructure model for thermal sprayed coatings, the theoretical relationship between the cohesive fracture toughness and microstructure is proposed. The correlation between the calculated fracture toughness and observed value is examined. It was found that the fracture toughness of plasma sprayed Al2O3 coatings is not significantly influenced by spray distance up to 110 mm, and further increase in spray distance to 130 mm resulted in large decrease in the fracture toughness of the coatings. The G Ic value predicted based on the proposed model using lamellar interface mean bonding ratio and the effective surface energy of bulk ceramics agreed well with the observed G Ic data. Such agreement evidently shows that the fracture toughness of thermally sprayed ceramic coatings at the direction along coating surface is determined by lamellar interface bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]