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The rapid commercialization of lithium batteries greatly promotes the development of the electric vehicles, renewable energy storage systems and consumer electronics. The service lifetime and safety of lithium batteries are extremely concerned by terminal customers. Sensor technology is powerful in monitoring the physical and chemical signals of lithium batteries, serving for the state of health and safety warning/evaluation of lithium batteries and guide for future development of battery materials. In this review, the primary concern is the generation mechanisms of different physicochemical signals in lithium batteries. Then, the sensing methods and sensing designs according to different physicochemical signals of lithium batteries is summarized. Finally, some perspectives are provided to guide further development of sensing technology for lithium batteries. This review will greatly accelerate the terminal application of advanced sensors, whether in commercial products or scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under irrigation with saline wastewater, SO42−, Cl−, and Ca2+ aggregated in the topsoil, and Mg2+ was significantly higher in the deeper soil than in the topsoil and 40 cm soil layers. The abundance of Zoopagomycota, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Rozellomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mucoromycota and Olpidiomycota in the surface soil was influenced by Mg2+, whereas Ca2+ affected the abundance of Zoopagomycota and Chytridiomycota. In the 40 cm soil layer, Mg2+ and Cl− promoted Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Firmicutes, Entotheonellaeota, Myxococcota, Gemmatimonadota and Methylomirabilota, whereas they inhibited Planctomycetota, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Patescibacteria and Bacteroidota. In the 80 cm soil layer, SO42− and Cl− promoted Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mucoromycota, but had a negative effect on Glomeromycota, Blastocladiomycota, Olpidiomycota and Monoblepharomycota. The increase in salinity significantly reduced the abundance of the Actinomycetes phylum and the Amoebozoa phylum. Both saprophytic and symbiotic fungi decreased with increasing salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided wave-based nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring methods have been developed to exhibit attractive potentials and best prospects for rapid and sensitive detection of defects or damage in engineering structures. Different modes of guided waves can provide different sensitivities of damage detection. However, the multimode and mode conversion nature of guided waves poses significant challenges to mode purification of received signals. This study aims to design a metamaterial-based smart transducer for mode purification of Lamb waves in a plate, which can filter out an undesired mode of the Lamb wave to enhance sensing and actuating signals of a dominated mode. The smart transducer consists of a periodic array of shunted piezoelectric unimorphs with staggered polarization directions and is bonded on the surface of a host plate. Numerical and experimental results show that a local resonance bandgap for an anti-symmetric Lamb wave, rather than a symmetric Lamb wave, can be obtained and tuned through the shunting inductance circuit. Within such mode bandgap, the wave control for propagating a specific mode of the Lamb wave can be further realized, i.e., the mode of the Lamb wave is purified. The design presented herein offers enhanced capabilities in controlling guided wave propagation for engineering applications and nondestructive testing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, NIMBY(Not In My Backyard) conflicts gradually become hot and difficult in the international community governance, people have realized that the government and people on both sides of the emotional factors have great influences on the results of the conflicts, especially to study the effects of emotion on the evolution of conflicts in China, this article from the following several aspects. First of all, a game model under the influences of emotion is constructed by using Range Dependent Expected Utility(RDEU) theory and emotional function. Secondly, the Jacobian matrix is utilized to analyze the stability of the equilibrium point for the model constructed above. Next, numerical simulation is used to analyze the evolution trend of discrete emotions. The evolutionary results show that when one party holds an optimistic mood, equilibrium evolves to a relatively optimal state; while when one party holds a pessimistic mood, the more pessimistic the party is, the more likely it is to cause NIMBY conflicts. Compared with the people's sentiments, the government's moods have a greater impact on the evolutionary consequences. Finally, depending on the conclusions of the evolutionary analysis, some suggestions on the governance of NIMBY conflicts are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus is a critical factor in the control of eutrophication. We developed a three-dimensional porous, bimetallic-modified adsorbent La-Ca-CS/ATP to remove excess phosphate from water. Langmuir model showed that the theoretical adsorption capacity of La-Ca-CS/ATP was up to 123 mg P/g. The amount of La and Ca leached by La-Ca-CS/ATP was small, and the adsorption of 36.08 mg P/g was maintained during the five cycles of La-Ca-CS/ATP. The La-Ca-CS/ATP adsorption mechanism mainly involved surface precipitation, ligand exchange, electrostatic attraction, and inner-sphere complexation. Molecular dynamics demonstrated that La and Ca had complementary effects on binding sites and energy barriers within the range of 0.5–0.7 nm and 1.2–2 nm, enhancing the adsorption effect of La-Ca-CS/ATP. The life cycle assessment results showed that adding calcium could help reduce the environmental impact of lanthanum and chitosan. The production of La-Ca-CS/ATP adsorbed 73.88 P mg/g and emitted 24.73 kg CO 2 eq, which was less than other adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis on economic data based on time series takes an important position in the field of analysis on time-series data and is also an important task of the field of big data and artificial intelligence. Traditional time-series analysis method is of relatively weak competence in dealing with multi-series analysis. In this research, based on the problem associated with the analysis on time-series economic data, efficient handling method and model are put forward in the face of multi-series analysis task. Also, combined with the association rules, trend correlation and self-trend correlation among multiple series, a trend and correlation deep neural network model (TC-DNM) is established and then tested and verified by using three kinds of economic datasets with representativeness based on the trend analysis task handed by multi-series analysis. The results show that the model proposed in this research is effective than a number of baseline models, can be employed to achieve precision–recall balance and also possesses strong reusability. The two correlation models and joint models in this paper are of peculiarity and innovativeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research proposes a microfluid coupled array finned microchannel heat sink for the cooling of high-power concentrated solar cells, utilizing SiC–W nanofluids (volume fraction: 0.03 vol%) as the cooling medium. The study employs a combination of numerical simulation and experimental techniques to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink. The findings demonstrate that silicon carbide (SiC) nanofluids exhibit superior cooling properties compared to water across different height-diameter ratios and fluid flow rates within the range of 1568 < Re a < 3005. At a flow rate of 1.7 m/s, the mean convective heat transfer coefficient of the heat sink cooling surface is 27863.36 W/(m2·°C) for water, whereas for SiC–W nanofluids, it is 29661.59 W/(m2·°C) under identical operating conditions, resulting in a 6.5% improvement. SiC–W nanofluids demonstrate enhanced heat transfer performance and reduce the average temperature of the cooling surface by approximately 2.8% compared to water. However, due to the inclusion of solid particles in SiC–W nanofluids, the pressure drop across the heat sink is slightly higher than that observed in water cooling. The energy efficiency ratio (EER) of this device falls within the range of 2–22.3. Comparison of the Nusselt number between the matrix rib microjet heat sink designed in this study and the single-use microchannels and microjets indicates significantly stronger convective heat transfer intensity for the matrix rib microjet heat sink, demonstrating its advantage in heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a critical downstream target that mediates the effect of small Rho GTPase on the regulation of cytoskeletal kinetics, cell proliferation, and cell migration. PAK1 has been identified as a crucial regulator of spindle assembly during the first meiotic division; however, its roles during the metaphase I (MI) to metaphase II (MII) transition in oocytes remain unclear. In the present study, the potential function of PAK1 in regulating microtubule organization and spindle positioning during the MI–MII transition was addressed in porcine oocytes. The results showed that activated PAK1 was co-localized with α-tubulin, and its expression was increased from the MI to MII stage (p < 0.001). However, inhibiting PAK1 activity with an inhibitor targeting PAK1 activation-3 (IPA-3) at the MI stage decreased the first polar body (PB1) extrusion rate (p < 0.05), with most oocytes arrested at the anaphase-telophase (ATI) stage. IPA-3-treated oocytes displayed a decrease in actin distribution in the plasma membrane (p < 0.001) and an increase in the rate of defects in MII spindle reassembly with abnormal spindle positioning (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, these adverse effects of IPA-3 on oocytes were reversed when the disulfide bond between PAK1 and IPA-3 was reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT). Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that PAK1 could recruit activated Aurora A and transform acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) to regulate spindle assembly and interact with LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) to facilitate actin filament-mediated spindle migration. Together, PAK1 is essential for microtubule organization and spindle migration during the MI–MII transition in porcine oocytes, which is associated with the activity of p-Aurora A, p-TACC3 and p-LIMK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A nonparametric variable step-size normalized least-mean-square (VSS-NLMS) algorithm is proposed, where the step-size adjustment rule is derived by exploiting the traditional NLMS weight update equation. • The step-size adjustment rules employ the square root of the estimated error power and the system noise power. • Detailed transient-state and steady-state analyses are presented and suggest that the steady-state performance of the proposed algorithm is independent of the smoothing parameter. This paper presents a new and effective nonparametric variable step-size normalized least-mean-square (VSS-NLMS) algorithm which provides excellent performance in various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. The step-size update expressions are based on steady-state step-size which derives from the filter weight update equations. Specifically, the step-size adjustment rules employ the square root of the estimated error power and the system noise power to enhance the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Detailed transient-state and steady-state analyses are presented for the Gaussian white input signal and suggest that the steady-state performance of the proposed algorithm is independent of the smoothing parameter (used in the step-size update expressions). In addition, performance comparisons between the proposed algorithm and other well-known VSS-NLMS algorithms show the improvements of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, theoretical analyses and simulated behaviors of the proposed algorithm are in good agreement for both transient-state and steady-state. Through simulation results, the irrelevance between the steady-state performance and the smoothing parameter is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Genetic factors play a vital role in intracranial aneurysm (IA) onset and development. Studying the relationship between IA and the Sox17 polymorphisms in diverse populations is essential for establishing credibility. Patients and methods: We collected blood samples derived from a total of 596 sporadic IA patients and 600 individual controls in several medical institutes in China. We used the Sequenom MassArray system for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping after DNA extraction. The SNPs data was tested and analyzed in PLINK (version 1.9). Multiple-testing was performed in PLINK to make the statistics more rigorous and accurate. Results: We found that the allelic G of rs1072737 (OR=1.303, genomic-control corrected P-value =0.001032) is a risk allele, while the allelic G of rs9298506 (OR=0.7253, genomic-control corrected P-value =0.01559) is a protective allele in Chinese Han people. Conclusion: The allelic G of rs1072737 is a risk factor for IA, while the allelic G of rs9298506 serves as a protective factor for IA in Chinese Han people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three kinds of turnpike properties for optimal relaxed control problems are considered. Under some convexity and controllability assumptions, we obtain the uniform boundedness of the optimal pairs and the adjoint functions. On the basis, we prove the integral turnpike property, the mean square turnpike property and the exponential turnpike property, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Mo edge of the tensely concerned MoS 2 (0 1 0) surface was found to be inactive in CO methanation through a previous study, on which the promoted effect of cobalt was thus investigated by replacing the surface Mo atoms with Co atoms in different ratios and positions. This study discusses the adsorption and reaction mechanism in detail to give a performance comparison corresponding to all considered surfaces and verify the Co promoted effect by deriving an optimal result. Highlights • Co is generally four coordinated with S to keep surface stability, which make S vacancies are easily created. • Co is incorporated by replacing surface Mo on Mo-edge. • The substituted ratios in 0.25, 0.50 in both ortho- and meta-position, and 0.75 were considered. • A ratio of 0.25 or 0.50 in ortho-position can exhibit the highest catalytic activities. Abstract In light of the good performance of Mo-based catalysts for sulfur-resistant CO methanation, we investigated the reaction mechanism over pure MoS 2 in a previous study, in which the Mo-edge from (0 1 0) surface of MoS 2 was found inactive due to the difficulty in S-vacancy creation. It was generally recognized that Co is a good additive on Mo-based catalyst for CO methanation. Thus, we focused on promoting the Mo-edge by presenting a group of cobalt substituted surface models via DFT simulation. These models were all reconstructed by performing a thermodynamic investigation on the numbers of the created S-vacancies according to the reaction condition of CO methanation from experimental data. Based on the discussion of reaction pathways over four determined surfaces, we found that a substitute ratio of 0.25 and 0.50 in ortho-position can exhibit the highest catalytic activities, but a substitute ratio of 0.50 in meta-position exhibits the optimum stability in the overall reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of ZrO2 particle size on the surficial and structural properties and catalytic performance of Mo-based catalysts towards sulfur-resistant methanation was investigated. The results showed that the catalytic activity correlated closely with the particle size of ZrO2. The supports and catalysts were characterized by N2-adsorption, XRD, Raman, H2-TPR and TEM to obtain the information about their morphology and structure in order to understand the structure-activity relationship. The results evidence that smaller ZrO2 particle not only had higher surface area which was beneficial for the dispersion of surface Mo species, but also weaken the interaction between MoO3 and support. Since them, ZrO2 support with small particle size favors the formation of monolayer MoS2 with short length. Catalytic activity evaluation determined that MoS2/ZrO2 catalyst with smaller ZrO2 particle size exhibited higher catalytic activity of sulfur-resistant CO methanation due to more edge sites on MoS2.Graphical Abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P-type doping is a rational strategy for the enhancement of hole transporting properties of the organic semiconductors as well as the device performance of organic photo-electric devices. We originally introduce a stable and solution processed p-type dopant based on N-oxoammonium salts termed 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopiperidinebromide salt (TEMPO-Br) for 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N, N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) based solid state dye sensitized solar cells (ssDSC). By introducing TEMPO-Br doped Spiro-OMeTAD and a commercialized D-π-A sensitizer into ssDSCs, a promising device performance of 6.83% is achieved under simulated AM 1.5G solar irradiation (100 mW cm −2 ), which is significantly better than the control devices (∼1.7 times). The doping effect of TEMPO-Br on the photophysical and electrochemical properties of Spiro-OMeTAD, solid state device performance, cationic dye regeneration kinetics and preliminary long-term stability have been systematically investigated. This work indicates a potential application of N-oxoammonium salts as chemical P-type dopants for triphenylamine based hole transporting materials in solid state photo-electric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Leaf color quality index based on pigments can reflect leaf color difference. • Leaf color quality has spatial heterogeneity. • Soil and topography have the strongest effects on leaf color quality. • Leaf color quality is higher in shrubbery than that in mixed forest. Leaf color quality that measures the gorgeous degree of plant's foliage with a specific color during a coloration period, has been related to the biological function of colored plants and the development of ecotourism. The difference in leaf color quality of Cotinus coggygria and its key environmental factors during the coloration peak period in a karst area were explored based on leaf color parameters (i.e., L*, a*, b*, and c*), pigment indices (i.e., chlorophylls, carotenoid, anthocyanin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol), and environment variables (i.e., soil properties, topography, and vegetation community characteristic) by principle component analysis, random forest model, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results indicated that the leaf color quality index based on the minimum data set including the total chlorophyll, anthocyanin, and quercetin could accurately reveal the difference in leaf color quality of Cotinus coggygria in our study area. The coefficient of variation in leaf color quality index was 25.47%, which suggested that the leaf color quality of Cotinus coggygria had spatial heterogeneity. This heterogeneity was closely related to soil properties (e.g., total phosphorus, total potassium, and available potassium) and topographic variables (e.g., slope height and elevation). Specifically, the leaf color quality of Cotinus coggygria was higher in the middle- and low-elevation areas with less soil nutrients (i.e., total phosphorus, total potassium, and available potassium) and higher slope height, but lower in the high-altitude areas with more soil nutrients and lower slope height. Moreover, the leaf color quality of Cotinus coggygria in shrubbery was higher than that in mixed forest, suggesting that the vegetation community characteristic is another important factor of the leaf color quality in the study area. These results can provide a theoretical basis to quantify the difference in leaf color quality of colored plants during the coloration peak period and improve the ornamental value of colored plants in rocky desertification areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two kinds of ZrO 2 support with different morphologies were prepared by facile solvothermal method in different solvents. The obtained two supports showed monoclinic zirconia (m-ZrO 2 ) and tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO 2 ) phase with similar crystalline size. Their supported Mo-based catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and the effect of zirconia morphology on the performance of sulfur-resistant methanation was examined. The results indicated that the MoO 3 /m-ZrO 2 has higher CO conversion than the MoO 3 /t-ZrO 2 catalyst. Characterizations by XRD, Raman, H 2 -TPR and IR confirmed that the m-ZrO 2 is superior to t-ZrO 2 for dispersing molybdenum species. In addition, the MoO 3 /m-ZrO 2 catalyst has weaker interaction between support and active Mo speices than the MoO 3 /t-ZrO 2 catalyst, which facilitates to forming active species of nanocrystalline MoS 2 layers for sulfur-resistant methanation. The weaker interaction of molybdenum species with m-ZrO 2 is related with the more covalent character of the Zr O bond and more oxygen defective structure of m-ZrO 2 . A larger number of Lewis acid centers appear on the surface of m-ZrO 2 , which verified the substantial vacancies on m-ZrO 2 exposing coordinately unsaturated Zr 3+ and Zr 4+ cations. Meanwhile, the less Lewis acid of t-ZrO 2 result in stronger interaction between support and molybdenum species and trigger crystalline phase MoO 3 and Mo O Zr linkages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the small time scale method, the influence of grain boundary on the fatigue crack growth of 7050-T7451 has been investigated. The interaction between fatigue crack and grain boundary was investigated by in situ SEM testing. Results showed that the fatigue crack growth will be retarded by grain boundary when the angle between fatigue crack and grain boundary is greater than 90 degrees. Mechanism analysis showed that the fatigue crack tip would not be able to open until the loading reached the 55% of maximum load, and the fatigue crack had been closed completely before the loading was not reduced to the minimum value, which led to the crack growth retardation. When the 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy suffered from fatigue loading with constant amplitude, a behavior of unstable fatigue crack growth could be observed often, and results indicated that the bridge linked mechanism led to the behavior. The grain boundary was prone to fracture during fatigue loading, and it became the best path for the fatigue crack growth. The fatigue crack tip would be connected with fractured grain boundary eventually, which led to the fast crack growth in different loading stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiscale modeling framework including microscale, mesoscale and macroscale models, is developed to investigate the low-velocity impact (LVI) and compression after impact (CAI) behaviors of plain woven carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) composites. Representative volume elements (RVEs) are selected to construct the microscale and mesoscale models, which are further used to compute the effective properties of the carbon-fiber yarn and CFRP composites. An equivalent cross-ply laminate (ECPL) model is used to simplify the woven architecture via a local homogenization approach. The macroscale model of plain woven CFRP composites is established by extending the ECPL model. The LVI and CAI behaviors of CFRP composites are predicted for various impact energy cases. Finally, the corresponding LVI and CAI tests have been performed on plain woven CFRP composites, and the experimental measurements agree well with the numerical simulations, indicating the reliability of the multiscale modeling framework. Importantly, both the experimental and numerical results reveal that the impact damages, especially the intralaminar damages, are prone to cause the decrease of the residual compressive strength of impacted plain woven composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T700/6808 composite has been widely used in aerospace field and the damage in composite will seriously influence the safety of aircraft. However, the behavior of damage evolution in T700/6808 composite when it suffered from tensile loading is seldom researched. In this paper, the acoustic emission (AE) technology is employed to research the process of damage evolution in T700/6808 composite under tensile loading. Results show that the damage in T700/6808 composite is small in the initial stage of tensile loading, and main damage is the matrix cracking. The composite has serious damage in the middle stage of tensile loading, which mainly includes the matrix cracking and the interface damage as well as the fiber breakage. The number of fiber breakages decreases rapidly in the later stage of tensile loading. When it comes into the stage of load holding, the composite has relatively smaller damage than that in the stage of tensile loading, and the fiber breakage rarely occurs in the composite. Analysis of damage modes shows that the criticality of the matrix cracking and the interface damage is higher than the fiber breakage, which illustrates that the reliability of T700/6808 composite could be improved by the optimization of matrix and interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical behavior of adhesively bonded plain-woven-composite (PWC) joints has been investigated using a multiscale modeling approach. Microscale and mesoscale representative volume elements (RVEs) have been constructed using the hierarchical architectures of PWCs. Based on the local homogenization of the mesoscale RVE model, an equivalent cross-ply laminate (ECPL) cell is developed to represent the woven architecture. It enables not only to accurately compute the effective properties of PWCs, but also to efficiently retain the local behavior within each ply. The macroscale models of single-lap joints (SLJs) and double-lap joints (DLJs) fabricated with PWCs, are constructed by topologically arraying the ECPL cells. Combined with continuum damage mechanics (CDM) and cohesive zone model, the mechanical behaviors are predicted for the SLJs and DLJs subjected to tensile loads. Moreover, experimental tensile tests have been performed on the corresponding SLJ structures, which confirm the reliability of the proposed multiscale models. A parametric study of the overlap length and width, as well as the bondline thickness has been numerically carried out to further analyze their effect on the joining performance. It reveals that, the dominant damage mechanisms mainly depend on the overlap length. When the overlap length is less than a critical value, the main damage mode is identified as the debonding of the bondlines. Otherwise, the delamination and matrix-tensile damages within the composite adherends are considered as the dominant damage modes. [Display omitted] • A multiscale modeling approach is proposed for adhesively bonded PWC joints. • An ECPL cell is used to simplify the woven structure based on local homogenization. • The proposed approach is validated by tensile tests on different single-lap joints. • The effect on the joining performance is analyzed for various design parameters. • The damage mechanisms are identified for SLJs and DLJs using multiscale modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of dimethyl oxalate synthesis via CO gaseousphasecoupling reaction involves two reactions: CO coupling reaction toproduce dimethyl oxalate and the regeneration of methyl nitrite. Thesetwo reactions are mutually cycled, and matching reaction rates ofboth reactions are required. For this purpose, both reactions needto be simulated to provide guidance for scaling up the process. Inthis paper, the kinetics of methyl nitrite synthesis from NO, NO2, and methanol at atmospheric pressure was obtained by usinga stirred reactor. Based on this kinetics equation and mass transfer,a mathematical model for methyl nitrite regeneration reaction fromO2, NO, and methanol in a packed bubble column reactorwas proposed. Using this model, the effects of reaction temperature,N2volume fraction, NO/O2molar ratio, and superficialgas velocity on the methyl nitrite yield were predicted and comparedwith experimental results. It was found that the model predictionsagreed well with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), as a member of the PAK family, has been implicated in various functions during somatic mitosis; however, less is known about its role during oocyte meiosis. Herein, we highlight the indispensable role of PAK1 in regulating spindle assembly and cell cycle progression during the first meiotic division of porcine oocytes. First, we found that the activated PAK1 expressed dynamically, and its subcellular localization was tightly associated with the spindle dynamics during meiosis in porcine oocytes. Specific inhibition of PAK1 activity by inhibitor targeting PAK1 activation-3 (IPA-3) led to impaired extrusion of the first polar body (PB1); with most of the IPA-3-treated oocytes arrested at germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and subjected to failure of bipolar spindle formation. However, the adverse effects caused by IPA-3 on oocytes could be restored by reducing disulfide bonds between PAK1 and IPA-3 with dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment. Furthermore, the co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that PAK1 interacted directly with Aurora A and transforming acidic coiled coil 3 (TACC3), providing an additional explanation for the similar localization of Aurora A and activated PAK1. Additionally, inhibiting the activity of PAK1 decreased the expression of p-Aurora A and p-TACC3; however, the reduced activity of Aurora A and TACC3 could be restored by DTT. In conclusion, PAK1 plays a crucial role in the proper assembly of the spindle during the first meiotic division of porcine oocytes, and the regulation of PAK1 is associated with its effects on p-Aurora A and p-TACC3 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment is an international, peer- Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment downloaded from https://www.dovepress.com/ by 202.164.43.126 on 09-Sep-2019 Copyright of Neuropsychiatric Disease & Treatment is the property of Dove Medical Press. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] • PAMAM monolayer was grafted on the surface of PET with the help of diazirine. • The biocidal ability increased with the generation and grafting concentration. • The lethality towards E. coli was higher than that of S. aureus. • The lethality was remained, however, weakened when the -NH 2 was shielded. Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) with 3rd and 5th generation was covalently grafted as the contact active biocidal agent on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with the help of UV induced carbene chemistry (PAMAM-g-PET). The graft density and the surface roughness were controlled by turning UV irradiation time and the PAMAM generation. The PAMAM graft monolayer was characterized via the contact angle, XPS, nanoIR, SEM and AFM. The antibacterial ability of PAMAM-g-PET was evaluated ex-vivo with the help of laser scanning confocal microscope (CLSM), and the results indicated that the decorated PET was able to kill both S. aureus and E. coli in the aqueous environment. Increasing the surface graft concentration and using the dendrimer with higher generation enhanced the lethality towards the bacterial. The decorated film was still able to kill the contact bacterial strain when the cationic primary amine groups were shielded by acetyl chloride, however, the bacterial in the suspension was hardly affected in this case. The un-selectivity and instantaneity of carbene chemistry endowed this grafting strategy the potential to be extended to other organic substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of urbanization and the expansion of urban areas, NIMBY (not in my back yard) environmental public facilities are increasing day by day. It is meaningful to incorporate public participation into the regulatory process for the existing pollution NIMBY facility enterprises. Through the establishment of the tripartite game model of local government, polluting NIMBY facility enterprises and the public, the evolution stability analysis and simulation analysis of their strategies are carried out, and the Pareto optimal solution is obtained. The results show that: The strategy choices of the players of the three-party game are different under different stability conditions. The system can be broken out of the bad state by increasing government punishment, local governments strictly controlling the potential profits, the potential losses of polluting enterprises not rebuilding, the long-term public benefits and reducing the cost of public participation, etc., and the three-party common governance mode can be formed. The strategy evolution speed of a player in a three-party game is affected by his own strategy choice proportion and the strategy choice proportion of the other two players, but no matter how the strategy choice proportion of the player in a three-party game changes, it will not change the final game result. On the basis of comprehensive analysis, a series of relevant suggestions are put forward from the three aspects of government, enterprises and the public, so as to provide certain reference for the design of the public participation system of polluting NIMBY facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wang, W.H., 2020. Prediction method of unsaturated soil water content under different irrigation intensities. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 832–837. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation, ensure the normal growth of crops, realize water-saving and energy-saving automatic irrigation and soil moisture content monitoring, a prediction method of unsaturated soil water content under different irrigation intensity was proposed. Firstly, soil samples were collected and soil moisture sensor was used to measure soil moisture content every 12 h. when it was lower than the set threshold value, the solenoid valve was automatically opened for irrigation, and when it was higher than the set value, irrigation was stopped. The near infrared spectrum data of soil samples were collected, and then the prediction model was constructed by using variable weight stacking automatic encoder combined with support vector regression to realize the prediction of unsaturated soil moisture content. The experimental results show that the designed prediction method can accurately predict the unsaturated soil water content, and provide a certain reference for intelligent irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valley Hall topological insulators (VHTIs) hold great promise for enhancing the manipulation of elastic wave propagation by their intrinsic topologically protected mechanism. Different from most of VHTIs designed by the deterministic Dirac degeneracy, a more flexible design of VHTIs is proposed by the accidental Dirac degeneracy to steer elastic wave propagation. Based on the accidental Dirac degeneracy, a kind of hexagonal phononic crystal is designed to independently control the topological phase transitions at different frequency ranges. Consequently, a two-channel topological demultiplexer is designed with the function of frequency separation for flexural waves, and its effectivity is verified by numerical simulations and experimental testing. Comparing with traditional designs of demultiplexers, the VHTIs-based demultiplexer possesses a series of advantages in robust performance, easy fabrication and low energy leakage, and sheds light on developing new generation of elastic wave devices. [Display omitted] • Topological phase transitions at different frequencies are independently controlled. • Frequency dependent edge states are obtained to transmit flexural waves robustly. • A topological demultiplexer is designed to separating mixing frequency components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A structurally simple donor is used to synthesize new dyes. • The relationship between structure and the photovoltaic performance of the DSC. • The different open voltages of two dyes are explained by EIS. Two dyes with dithieno[3,2-b:20,30-d] pyrrole (DTP) as the donor (An101 and An102) have been synthesized and characterized. An101 and An102 were applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 8.0% and 9.5% were achieved with the I2−/I3− redox couple, which correspond to open voltages (V oc) of 784 and 690 mV, current densities (J sc) of 15.1 and 20.0 mA cm−2, the fill factors of 67.2% and 68.7%, respectively, under AM1.5G irradiation. It is worth noting that the different connection locations of the donors with the π-bridge result in different PCEs. An102 has a higher J sc owing to its high molar extinction coefficient and small torsion angle, which increase the light-harvesting ability and coplanarity. An101 has a higher V oc owing to introduction of the alkoxybenzene group, which can effectively suppress recombination with the electrolyte and dye. By scanning with different bias voltages with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the reason for the high voltage of the An101 dye is up-shift of the TiO 2 conduction-band edge and elongated electron lifetimes. However, the main reason for the relatively high PCE of the An102 dye is the coplanarity, which results in good long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mo‐based catalysts are commonly used in the direct methanation of CO; however, no integrated mechanism has been proposed due to limits in characterizing the nano‐sized active structures of MoS2. Thus, we report our investigation into the mechanism of CO methanation over pure MoS2 through density functional theory simulations, considering that only MoS2 edge sites exhibit catalytic activity. Simulations revealed the presence of (010) and (110) surfaces on the MoS2 edges. Both surfaces are reconstructed by the redistribution of surface sulfur atoms upon exposure to H2/H2S, and after sulfur coverage redistribution, S vacancies are generated for CO hydrogenation. The reaction mechanisms on both surfaces are discussed, with the S‐edge being better suited to CO methanation than Mo‐edge on the (010) surface. The rate‐controlling step differs between surfaces, and corresponds to the initial activation reaction, which was achieved more easily on the (110) surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a facile hydrothermal route was used to prepare nano‐sized MoS2 catalyst. The effect of citric acid during the MoS2 preparation process on the catalytic activity of sulfur‐resistant CO methanation was investigated. It was found that citric acid played an adverse role on the catalytic activity of MoS2 toward sulfur‐resistant CO methanation. However, CO methanation performance turned out to be better when NH2OH⋅HCl as a reductant was removed during the catalyst preparation process. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were performed to discuss the possible mechanism for the effect of citric acid towards CO methanation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells with a ZnO/PbS-TBAI/PbS-EDT/carbon structure were prepared using a solution processing technique. A commercially available carbon paste that was processed at low-temperatures was used as a counter electrode in place of expensive noble metals, such as Au or Ag, which are used in traditional PbS CQD solar cells. These CQD solar cells exhibited remarkable photovoltaic performance with a short circuit density ( J sc ) of 25.6 mA/cm 2 , an open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.45 V, a fill factor ( FF ) of 51.8% and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 5.9%. A reference device with an Au counter electrode had a PCE of 6.0%. The PCE of the carbon-containing CQD solar cell remained stable for 180 days when tested in ambient atmosphere, while the PCE of the Au-containing CQD solar cell lost 48.3% of its original value. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that holes within the PbS CQD were effectively transported to the carbon counter electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The leaf coloration peak date is correlated with temperature and precipitation. • Generalized additive method can predict the leaf coloration peak date well. • Spring phenology may play an important role in predicting autumn phenology. • The leaf coloration peak date can be delayed due to future warming. The importance of deciduous plants' autumn phenological phase is reflected not only in the material cycle but also in the fall foliage ecotourism industry. However, the lack of observation data has made it difficult to model the phase of deciduous plants in the high-elevation karst region. Based on the data between 2001 and 2020, methods including multiple linear regression, multivariate binomial regression, robust regression, ridge regression, elastic net, and generalized additive were utilized to find out the correlation of the temperature and the precipitation with Cotinus coggygria 's leaf coloration peak date variation in the related regions of China. The mean absolute error, root mean squared error, coefficient of determination, and ratio of performance to interquartile distance were applied to evaluate the prediction accuracy. Generalized additive model's better performance suggested its capacity as a useful tool in prediction. The results showed that the increase of prophase temperature and the decrease of prophase precipitation could delay the leaf coloration peak date, while the date could be earlier on the contrary. Besides, the number of days with the daily maximum temperature continuously being above 20°C before November 10th exerted the highest contribution in the prediction of the date. Moreover, we showed that a higher average diurnal temperature range in mid-May could defer the date as an objective contributor in prediction. This indirectly reveals the importance of spring phenological phase in predicting the autumn phenological phase. Finally, the model forecasted a trend of the leaf coloration peak date delay from 2021 to 2100 under different emissions scenarios, showing the effects of warming on the plant's growth season and even the development of ecotourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Upregulated Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 maintains neural stem cell stemness. • Increased Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 promotes neural stem cell proliferation. • Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 inhibits neural stem cell differentiation. • Aberrant Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 expression affect adult neurogenesis. • Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 improves cognitive function following brain injury. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22), a potential marker of cancer stem cells, significantly influences stem cell fate choices. However, its functions in neural stem cells (NSCs) and adult neurogenesis, especially following traumatic brain injury (TBI), remain only partially understood. Here, we found that aberrant USP22 expression could affect NSC proliferation and stemness maintenance, as assessed by the generation of neurospheres, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and immunofluorescence staining in vitro. Moreover, USP22 depletion promotes the differentiation of NSCs, both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, USP22 overexpression inhibits NSC differentiation into neurons. Interestingly, our data showed that USP22 promotes the proliferation but inhibits the differentiation of NSCs in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus soon after TBI. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was adopted to evaluate neurological function, which confirmed that USP22 could improve the learning and memory capacity that was already compromised following TBI. Overall, this study uncovers a potentially novel regulatory role of USP22 in the proliferation and differentiation ability of NSCs, contributing to the hippocampus-dependent cognitive function of TBI mice and may be a novel target for future therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphorus pesticide (OP) to control pests has been verified reproductive toxicity on mammalian oocytes. However, limited information exists on its correlation with the dysfunction of the intercellular communication in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Herein, our study utilized porcine COCs as models to directly address the latent impact of CPF on the communication between cumulus cells (CCs) and oocytes during in vitro maturation. The results demonstrated that CPF exposure decreased the rate of the first polar body (PB1) extrusion and blocked meiosis progression. Notably, the cumulus expansion of CPF-exposed COCs was suppressed significantly, accompanied by the down-regulated mRNA levels of cumulus expansion-related genes. Furthermore, the early apoptotic level was raised and the expression of BAX / BCL2 and cleaved caspase 3 was up-regulated in the CCs of CPF-exposed COCs (p < 0.05). Moreover, CPF exposure impaired mRNA levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes, induced higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in CCs (p < 0.05). Additionally, the integrated optical density (IOD) rate (cumulus/oocyte) of calcein and the expression of connexin 43 (CX43) was increased in CPF treatment groups (p < 0.05). As well, CPF exposure reduced the expression levels of FSCN1 , DAAM1 and MYO10 , which resulted in a significant decrease in the number and fluorescence intensity of transzonal projections (TZPs). In conclusion, CPF inhibited the expansion of cumulus and caused oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as disturbed the function of gap junctions (GJs) and TZPs, which eventually resulted in the failure of oocyte maturation. [Display omitted] • Chlorpyrifos exposure exerted adverse effects on the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. • Chlorpyrifos inhibited cumulus expansion of porcine cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs). • Chlorpyrifos induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cumulus cells of COCs. • Chlorpyrifos impaired the intercellular communication in porcine COCs by disturbing the function of GJs and TZPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glymphatic system (GS) plays an important role in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Nimodipine treatment provides SAH patients with short-term neurological benefits. However, no trials have been conducted to quantify the relationship between nimodipine and GS. We hypothesized that nimodipine could attenuate early brain injury (EBI) after SAH by affecting the function of the GS. In this study, we assessed the effects of nimodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, on mice 3 days after SAH. The functions of GS were assessed by immunofluorescence and western blot. The effects of nimodipine were assessed behaviorally. Concurrently, correlation analysis was performed for the functions of GS, immunofluorescence and behavioral function. Our results indicated that nimodipine improved GS function and attenuated neurological deficits and brain edema in mice with SAH. Activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway was involved in this process. GS function was closely associated with perivascular AQP4 polarization, cortical GFAP/AQP4 expression, brain edema and neurobehavioral function. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that nimodipine plays a neuroprotective role in the period of EBI after SAH in mice through the GS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine p-cresidine sulfonic acid and p-cresidine. Separation was accomplished with a Kromasil C18 column with methanol-tetrabutylammonium chloride (10 mM)-water (40/43/17, V/V/V) as mobile phase; detection was performed at a wavelength of 287 nm by UV absorption. The application of the method provides a rapid and efficient technique for the quantitative determination of p-cresidine sulfonic acid and p-cresidine in the industrial processing of p-cresidine sulfonic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiota is altered in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were not matched in the previous studies, and the results are inconsistent. We conducted an age-, sex-, and BMI-matched cross-sectional study to characterize the gut microbiota in children with JIA, and evaluate its potential in clinical prediction. Methods: A total of 40 patients with JIA and 42 healthy controls, ranging from 1 to 16 years, were enrolled in this study. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. The data were analyzed using QIIME software and R packages. Specifically, the random forest model was used to identify biomarkers, and the receiver operating characteristic curve and the decision curve analysis were used to evaluate model performance. Results: A total of 39 fecal samples from patients with JIA, and 42 fecal samples from healthy controls were sequenced successfully. The Chao 1 and Shannon–Wiener index in the JIA group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity also differed significantly between the two groups. The relative abundance of 4 genera, Anaerostipes, Dialister, Lachnospira, and Roseburia, decreased significantly in the JIA group compared to those in the control group. The 4 genera included microbes that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and were negatively correlated with some rheumatic indices. Moreover, 12 genera were identified as potential biomarkers by using the nested cross-validation function of the random forest. A random forest model constructed using these genera was able to differentiate the patients with JIA from the healthy controls, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.7975. The decision curve analysis indicated that the model had usefulness in clinical practice. Conclusions: The gut microbiota in patients with JIA is altered and characterized by a decreased abundance of 4 SCFA-producing genera. The decreases in the 4 genera correlated with more serious clinical indices. Twelve genera could be used as biomarkers and predictors in clinical practice. Trial registration: The study is registered online at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 11 May 2018 (registration number: ChiCTR1800016110). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile application‐assisted nurse‐led management model in childhood asthma. Background: Studies have shown that a nurse‐led asthma management model can improve asthma outcomes. However, the role of a mobile application‐assisted nurse‐led model in paediatric asthma management has not been studied well. Design: A multi‐centre randomized clinical trial. Methods: The trial was conducted between March 2017–March 2018. A total of 152 children (6 to 11.9 years old) were enrolled, with 77 children in the experimental group and 75 in the control group. All children received nurse‐led asthma management and other routine treatment measures, including inhaled corticosteroids. Meanwhile, a mobile application was used to manage asthma only for children in the experimental group. Primary outcome was frequency of asthma exacerbations. All outcomes were evaluated twice a month for 12 months. Results: Compared with the pre‐enrollment period, frequency of asthma exacerbations decreased in the post‐enrollment period in the two groups, with a greater decrease in the experimental group. Compared with children in the control group, children in the experimental group had better secondary outcomes, such as improved adherence, higher Childhood Asthma Control Test scores, decreased respiratory tract infections, days of antibiotic use, days of school absence, parental work loss, and medical expenses. Conclusion: A mobile application‐assisted nurse‐led management model decreased asthma exacerbations and improved secondary outcomes in children with asthma. Further research is needed to verify its validity in larger population samples. Impact: Children with asthma benefited from a nurse‐led asthma management model when combined with mobile application. This trial suggested that computer and Internet technologies should be incorporated into nurse‐led asthma strategy in paediatric asthma management. Trial registration: The current trial was registered online with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR1800016726). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two kinds of Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 solid solution carriers with different Ce/Zr ratio were prepared by one-step co-precipitation method: the cubic Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2 and the tetragonal Ce 0.2 Zr 0.8 O 2 support. The MoO 3 /Ce 0.8 Z r0.2 O 2 and MoO 3 /Ce 0.2 Zr 0.8 O 2 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method for comparative study on sulfur-resistant methanation reaction. The N 2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen (H 2 -TPR) were undertaken to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the samples. The results indicated that the prepared MoO 3 /Ce x Zr 1-x O 2 catalysts have a mesoporous structure with high surface area and uniform pore size distribution, achieving good MoO 3 dispersion on Ce x Z r1-x O 2 supports. As for the catalytic performance of sulfur-resistant methanation, the cubic MoO 3 /Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2 exhibited better than the tetragonal MoO 3 /Ce 0.2 Zr 0.8 O 2 catalyst at reaction temperature 400 °C and 450 °C. CO conversion on the cubic MoO 3 /Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2 catalyst was 50.1% at 400 °C and 75.5% at 450 °C, which is respectively 7% and 20% higher than that on the tetragonal MoO 3 /Ce 0.2 Zr 0.8 O 2 catalyst. These were mainly attributed to higher content of active MoS 2 on the surface of catalyst, the enhanced oxygen mobility, increased Mo-species dispersion as well as the excellent reducibility resulted from the increased amount of the reducible Ce 3+ on the cubic MoO 3 /Ce 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 2 catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supported Ni-based catalyst is widely used in the methanation process. Nevertheless, the major disadvantages of this catalyst are a poor behavior in the water-gas-shift ( WGS) reaction and the deactivation at higher temperatures. A new kind of catalyst, nickel-containing oxides catalyst (NiMgAl), obtained from thermal treatment of hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs) was prepared using the co-precipitation method. The performance of this catalyst was systematically investigated and compared with that of the Ni/AlO catalyst. It was found that the NiMgAl catalyst shows an enhanced methanation activity compared to that of the Ni/AlO catalyst and the former catalyst shows a better performance for the methanation especially at temperature over 550°C. Three NiMgAl catalysts with different nickel content were prepared and tested in the methanation operated at a GHSV of 15000 h and n(H)/n(CO) of 1.5. The results indicate that with the NiMg8 catalyst a higher activity and stability could be achieved than with the NiMg5 and NiMg6 samples, the effect mainly attributed to a higher extent of Ni dispersion was confirmed by XRD results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new type II organic dyes with D-π-A structure (donor-π-conjugated-acceptor) and two typical type II sensitizers based on catechol as reference dyes are synthesized and applied in dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The four dyes can be adsorbed on TiO2 through hydroxyl group directly. Electron injection can occur not only through the anchoring group (hydroxyl group) but also through the electron-withdrawing group (CN) located close to the semiconductor surface. Experimental results show that the type II sensitizers with a D-π-A system obviously outperform the typical type II sensitizers providing much higher conversion efficiency due to the strong electronic push-pull effect. Among these dyes, LS223 gives the best solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.6%, with Jsc=7.3 mA·cm−2, Voc=0.69 V, FF=0.71, the maximum IPCE value reaches 74.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Successfully ablated meningeal lymphatics by treatment with Visudyne and photoconversion. • Systematically observed the early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. • Compared EBI between MLVs ablated mice and normal mice. Blood that enters the subarachnoid space (SAS) and its breakdown products are neurotoxic and are the principal inducers of brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recently, meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) have been proven to play an important role in clearing erythrocytes that arise from SAH, as well as other macromolecular solutes. However, evidence demonstrating the relationship between MLVs and brain injury after SAH is still limited. Therefore, we performed this study to observe the effects of meningeal lymphatic impairment on early brain injury (EBI) after experimental SAH. The MLVs of C57BL/6 male adult mice were ablated by injecting Visudyne into the cisterna magna and transcranially photoconverting it with laser light. The MLVs were then examined by immunofluorescence staining for lyve-1. Next, both the MLV-ablated group and the control group (normal mice) underwent filament perforation to model SAH or sham operation. We assessed the cortical perfusion of all the mice before SAH induction, 5 min after SAH and 24 h after SAH. In addition, we evaluated neurological function deficits by Garcia scores and measured brain water content at 24 h post SAH. Then, neuroinflammation and neural apoptosis in the mouse brain were also examined. Visudyne and transcranial photoconversion treatment notably ablated mouse MLVs. Five minutes after SAH induction, cortical perfusion was significantly impaired, and after 24 h, this impairment was ameliorated considerably in the control group but ameliorated only slightly or worsened in the MLV-ablated group. Additionally, the MLVablated group presented worse neurological function deficits and more severe brain edema than the control group. More notably, neuroinflammation and neural apoptosis were also observed. Ablation of MLVs by Visudyne treatment exacerbated EBI after experimental SAH in mice. The worsening of EBI may have arisen from limited drainage of blood and other breakdown products, which are thought to cause brain edema, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis and other pathological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the wide spread of 5G networks, network users have higher requirements for communication delays. Software-defined network is a new paradigm of decoupling the control logic from packet forwarding devices. We can reduce communication latency in the network by optimizing the location of the controller and improve the communication performance of the network. In this paper, the controller deployment problem of multi-network area is studied in order to reduce the average communication latency. In order to solve this problem, we proposed an optimized DPC algorithm. Specifically, on the basis of DPC algorithm we quoted the idea of triangular stability from the BeeDPC algorithm, and introduced SC measurement indicators, the degree of separation between sub-network regions and the degree of aggregation within the sub-network region, so as to divide the network region more reasonably. At the same time, we have break out of the constraints in the DPC algorithm and introduced closeness centrality to get a more reasonable placement scheme and reduced the limitations of the DPC algorithm. Simulation results have shown that the optimized DPC algorithm can effectively reduce the average delay between the control layer and the data layer, improve the network performance, and enhance network stability and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The special structure and excellent properties make graphene a great potential in developing advanced polymer nanocomposites; however, its dispersion in molecular-level as well as reinforcement in high efficiency in matrixes has been a challenge. Herein, we report a facile and effective strategy to disperse graphene in epoxy resin by using benzyl glycidyl ether (BGE) as a dispersant and surface modifier through π-π interaction between BGE and graphene. The measurements of UV–vis spectroscopy and Raman spectrum confirm π-π interaction of BGE and graphene, and the remarkably improvement in properties of graphene reinforced epoxy resin are achieved. For 5 mg/mL graphene dispersion, tensile strength increases by 15%, Young's modulus increases by 32.8%, storage modulus at 30 °C increases by 37%, and thermal conductivity increases by 95.7%. This method opens up a feasible approach to make high performance graphene nanocomposites for engineering and high-tech applications. Graphical Abstract. High-performance graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposites has been fabricated via using benzyl glycidyl ether(BGE) as a dispersant and surface modifier. This work achieves graphene's dispersion in molecular-level and reinforcement in high efficiency in epoxy. The addition of a small amount of graphene has a significant enhancement to the strength and modulus of the host epoxy. Image 1 • BGE acts as both a dispersant and a surface modifier for graphene through π-π interaction between BGE and graphene. • BGE can not only enhance epoxy but also improve the dispersity and the interaction between graphene and matrix. • High-performance graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposites were fabricated with a small amount of graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]