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Small-size gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are showing large potential in various fields, such as photothermal conversion, sensing, and medicine. However, current synthesis methods generally yield lower, resulting in a high cost. Here, we report a novel uni-micelle method for the controlled synthesis of monodisperse gold nanocrystals, in which there is only one kind micelle containing aqueous solution of reductant while the dual soluble Au (III) precursor is dissolved in oil phase. Our synthesis includes the reversible phase transfer of Au (III) and "uni-micelle" synthesis, employing a Au (III)-OA complex as an oil-soluble precursor. Size-controlled monodisperse AuNPs with a size of 4–11 nm are synthesized by tuning the size of the micelles, in which oleylamine (OA) is adsorbed on the shell of micelles and enhances the rigidity of the micelles, depressing micellar coalescence. Monodisperse AuNPs can be obtained through a one-time separation process with a higher yield of 61%. This method also offers a promising way for the controlled synthesis of small-size alloy nanoparticles and semiconductor heterojunction quantum dots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Evidence-based nursing practice can reduce complications associated with central venous catheters (CVCs). In this project, the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework was considered an ideal theoretical instrument to identify facilitators and barriers to implementing evidence-based practice. Methods: The project was conducted in pediatric intensive care units in six Chinese tertiary children's hospitals. Twenty-two audit criteria were obtained from best practice recommendations, and a baseline audit was conducted to assess current practice against best practice. Next, the i-PARIHS framework was used to identify facilitators and barriers to best practice and develop improvement strategies. A follow-up audit was then conducted to measure changes in compliance with best practices. Results: Facilitators and barriers were identified at the innovation, recipient, and context levels. A comprehensive CVC maintenance strategy was then developed to apply the best evidence to nurses' clinical work. Of the 22 audit criteria, 17 showed significant improvement compared with the baseline audit. Conclusions: The i-PARIHS framework is an effective tool for developing targeted, evidence-based improvement strategies and applying these to the clinical setting. The quality of the nurses' clinical practice improved during CVC maintenance. However, there is no certainty that these positive results can be maintained, and long-term data are needed to verify this. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A185 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For adolescents who experience an earthquake, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) often co‐occur. However, no study has yet examined how the interaction between them changes from the short term to the long term after an earthquake. This study conducted six surveys among local adolescents across three waves after the Wenchuan earthquake, and a directed network of PTSS and PTG co‐occurrence was constructed for each wave. It was found that the bridge nodes between PTSSs and PTG were different for each wave. The connection between PTSSs and PTG became loose over time. The incubation effect of PTSSs on PTG was sustained until the middle term but was not observed in the long term. The suppression effect of PTSSs on PTG was only observed in the short term. PTG not only alleviated PTSSs but also exacerbated PTSSs. Finally, the effect of PTSSs on PTG was much stronger than that of PTG on PTSSs. This study suggests that efforts should be made to alleviate specific PTSSs or facilitate specific PTG elements among adolescents for different terms after an earthquake, and PTG is more likely to be an outcome of trauma rather than a strategy for coping with trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a significant global public health concern. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on individual-level risk factors. Against this backdrop, microsystem suicide propinquity, which encompasses suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) within families and peer groups, is significant in elucidating the development and perpetuation of STB in adolescents. This study utilized data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health, 1994–2018). Adolescents who reported instances of suicide attempts among their friends and family members during Wave 1 were selected (N = 4826). Generalized estimation equations (GEE) and structural equation models (SEM) were employed. GEE analyses indicated that individuals with friends who had attempted suicide exhibited higher risks for suicidal ideation (OR [95 % CI] = 2.57 [2.13, 3.11]) and suicide attempts (OR [95 % CI] = 2.47 [1.78, 3.42]). Also, individuals with family members who had attempted suicide exhibited higher risks for suicidal ideation (OR [95 % CI] = 2.37 [1.62, 3.46]) and attempts (OR [95 % CI] = 2.27 [1.17, 4.41]). However, friends' and family members' suicide attempts failed to show significant interactive effect. Besides, SEM analyses indicated that friends' and family members' suicide attempts were associated with one's long-term suicidal ideation and attempts via depressive symptoms. Suicide attempts of friends and family during adolescence were long-term risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts from adolescence to young adulthood. Moreover, depressive symptoms served as long-term mechanisms in these associations. • Friends' and family's suicide attempts in adolescence were long-term risk factors for one's suicidal ideation and attempts. • Depressive symptoms were mechanisms linking friends' and family's suicide attempts and one's suicidal ideation and attempts. • Friends' and family's suicide attempts showed no significant interactive effect on one's suicidal ideation and attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective Method Results Conclusion \nHighlights Suicide has become a nonnegligible cause of death among emerging adults, and academic performance is one of the most significant factors in Chinese college students’ suicidal ideation. Based on this, we examined the risk and protective sides of perfectionism on suicidal ideation among college students with perceived academic failure experiences.In the current study, a total of 674 Chinese college students (63.6% females, M age = 19.96, SD = 1.31) with perceived academic failure in the past six months participated in a survey and completed self-report measures assessing perfectionism, rumination, depression, and suicidal ideation twice with a six-month interval.Negative perfectionism was a risk factor for suicidal ideation, while positive perfectionism had an opposite effect. In addition, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and depression serially mediated the association between positive/negative perfectionism and suicidal ideation.The results indicated perfectionism has both positive and negative sides to suicidal ideation. Clinicians might be aware of the risk and protective components of perfectionism when intervening with suicidal ideation among college students with perceived academic failure experiences. The current study examined the longitudinal association between negative/positive perfectionism and suicidal ideation among college students with perceived academic failure. Negative perfectionism generally acted as a risk factor for suicidal ideation, while positive perfectionism showed the opposite effects. he serial mediation among perfectionism, rumination, depression, and suicidal ideation was formed. The current study examined the longitudinal association between negative/positive perfectionism and suicidal ideation among college students with perceived academic failure.Negative perfectionism generally acted as a risk factor for suicidal ideation, while positive perfectionism showed the opposite effects.he serial mediation among perfectionism, rumination, depression, and suicidal ideation was formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 7-p-trifluoromethylphenyl-FL118 (FLQY2) is a camptothecin analog with excellent antitumor efficacy against various solid tumors. However, its poor solubility and low bioavailability limited the development of the drug. Polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus®), an emerging carrier for preparing solid dispersion (SD), encapsulated FLQY2 to circumvent the above limitations. Results: In this project, FLQY2-SD was prepared by solvent evaporation method and self-assembled into micelles in aqueous solutions owing to the amphiphilic nature of Soluplus®. The physicochemical characterizations demonstrated that FLQY2 existed in a homogeneous amorphous form in SD and was rapidly dissolved. The micelles did not affect cytotoxicity or cellular uptake of FLQY2 in vitro, and the oral bioavailability was increased by 12.3-fold compared to the FLQY2 cyclodextrin suspension. The pharmacokinetics of FLQY2-SD showed rapid absorption, accumulation in the intestine, and slow elimination via fecal. Metabolite identification studies showed 14 novel metabolites were identified, including 12 phase I metabolites (M1–M12) and 2 phase II metabolites (M13–M14), of which M2 (oxidation after decarboxylation) and M7 (dioxolane ring cleavage) were the primary metabolites in the positive mode and negative mode, respectively. The tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI, 81.1%) of FLQY2-SD (1.5 mpk, p.o./QW) in tumor-bearing mice after oral administration was higher than that of albumin-bound Paclitaxel (15 mpk, i.v./Q4D) and Irinotecan hydrochloride (100 mpk, i.p./QW). Conclusions: The successful preparation, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics studies of FLQY2-SD showed that the solubility and bioavailability of FLQY2 were improved, which facilitated the further druggability development of FLQY2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron overload is a common phenomenon in the elderly population. Many clinical studies have indicated an association between iron overload and the incidence and pathological progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the role and underlying mechanism by which iron participates in the progression of IVDD has not yet been reported. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the connection between iron overload and IVDD, and explore the underlying mechanisms of disease. Firstly, a clinical epidemiology study was conducted and revealed that iron overload is an independent risk factor for human IVDD. To elucidate the role of iron overload in IVDD, an iron overload mouse model was established, and we observed that iron overload promoted IVDD and cartilage endplate degeneration in a dose dependent manner. Endplate chondrocytes were further isolated and treated with FAC to mimic iron overload in vitro. Excess iron significantly promoted mineralization of endplate chondrocytes in addition to their degeneration via oxidative stress. Moreover, a high dose of excess iron promoted chondrocytes ferroptosis. An iron chelator (DFO), an antioxidant (NAC) and a ferroptosis inhibitor (Fer-1) demonstrated effective inhibition of endplate chondrocyte degeneration induced by iron overload, and our in vivo studies further demonstrated that DFO, NAC and Fer-1 could rescue high dose iron-induced IVDD and cartilage endplate calcification. In conclusion, our results indicate that iron overload is strongly associated with the onset and development of IVDD via oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Inhibiting oxidative stress or ferroptosis could therefore be promising therapeutic strategies for IVDD induced by iron overload. [Display omitted] • Iron overload is an independent risk factor for human IVDD. • Iron overload promotes endplate degeneration and calcification, thus leading to IVDD progression. • Oxidative stress and ferroptosis play important roles in iron overload induced IVDD induced by iron overload. • Iron chelation, antioxidants and ferroptosis are promising treatment strategies for IVDD induced by iron overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of protecting the ecological environment and carbon neutrality, high-value recycling of flexible polyurethane foam (F-PUF) scraps, generated in the production process, is of great significance to save petroleum raw materials and reduce energy consumption. In the present study, F-PUF scraps were ground into powder by strong shear regrinding using two-roll mill and then reused as a partial replacement of polyol for re-foaming. A series of characterizations were employed to investigate the effect of milling cycles, roller temperatures, and content of the powder on the properties of the powder and F-PUF containing powder. It was revealed that the mechanochemical effect induced breaking of the cross-linking structure and increased activity of the powder. The volume mean diameter (VMD) of powder prepared with 7 milling cycles, at room temperature, is about 97.73 μm. The microstructure and density of the F-PUF containing powder prepared in the above-mentioned manner to replace up to 15 wt.% polyol, is similar to the original F-PUF, with resilience 49.08% and compression set 7.8%, which indicates that the recycling method will play an important role in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the pathways and mechanisms underlying the impact of guilt on suicide risk using a well‐controlled longitudinal study, we examined the mediating roles of intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this association. Method: Four hundred and eight adolescent survivors (Mage = 14.05 years) were assessed using self‐report questionnaires three and a half years and four and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake. The self‐report questionnaires included the Trauma Exposures Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Guilt Questionnaire, the Event‐Related Rumination Inventory, the PTSD Checklist for the DSM‐5, and the Child Behavior Problems Questionnaire. Results: The results indicated that guilt had a direct and positive effect on suicide risk. Intrusive rumination and PTSD mediated the relationship between guilt and suicide risk. Guilt could increase deliberate rumination, but deliberate rumination did not significantly predict PTSD and suicide risk. Conclusion: Negative postdisaster emotions, such as guilt, can enhance the combined effects of cognition and psychological disorders on suicide risk. Guilt affects suicide risk indirectly through intrusive rumination and PTSD but not through deliberate rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The potential of clinical drugs to suppress pancreatic cancer using camptothecin derivatives is still not remarkable, whereas the potential of FLQY2 as a camptothecin derivative could significantly suppress pancreatic cancer-patient-derived organoids. • FLQY2 has promising effects on pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. • The TOP Ⅰ binding efficiency and PDK1/AKT/mTOR pathways were involved in FLQY2 treatment of the Mia Paca-2 pancreatic cancer cell. Camptothecin (CPT), a pentacyclic alkaloid with antitumor properties, is derived from the Camptotheca acuminata. Topotecan and irinotecan (CPT derivatives) were first approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer treatment over 25 years ago and remain key anticancer drugs today. However, their use is often limited by clinical toxicity. Despite extensive development efforts, many of these derivatives have not succeeded clinically, particularly in their effectiveness against pancreatic cancer which remains modest. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic activity of FLQY2, a CPT derivative synthesized in our laboratory, against pancreatic cancer, comparing its efficacy and mechanism of action with those of established clinical drugs. The cytotoxic effects of FLQY2 on cancer cells were assessed using an MTT assay. Patient-derived organoid (PDO) models were employed to compare the sensitivity of FLQY2 to existing clinical drugs across various cancers. The impact of FLQY2 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in Mia Paca-2 pancreatic cancer cells was examined through flow cytometry. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of FLQY2′s antitumor activity. Western blotting was used to determine the levels of proteins regulated by FLQY2. Additionally, the antitumor efficacy of FLQY2 in vivo was evaluated in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model. FLQY2 demonstrated (1) potent cytotoxicity; (2) superior tumor-suppressive activity in PDO models compared to current clinical drugs such as gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, paclitaxel, ivosidenib, infinitinib, and lenvatinib; (3) significantly greater tumor inhibition than paclitaxel liposomes in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model; (4) robust antitumor effects, closely associated with the inhibition of the TOP I and PDK1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. In vitro studies revealed that FLQY2 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, induced apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest at nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, the combination of FLQY2 and gemcitabine exhibited significant inhibitory and synergistic effects. The study confirmed the involvement of topoisomerase I and the PDK1/AKT/mTOR pathways in mediating the antitumor activity of FLQY2 in treating Mia Paca-2 pancreatic cancer. Therefore, FLQY2 has potential as a novel therapeutic option for patients with pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigate the relationship between hazard management resource allocation and occupational safety. • Prospect theory to build a hierarchical structure model was used to analyze the accident data. • Effective resource allocation can do a good job in hazard management. • The focus of hazard investigation and governance is the safety management system, human and occupational factors. Employee occupational safety behaviors potentially impact the safety level of an enterprise, so studying their influencing factors is crucial for safe production. This study analyzes the correlation between hazard management resource allocation and occupational safety within the port system. To achieve this goal, we have selected three representative companies as samples. This study's findings will optimize resource allocation and enhance occupational safety within the port system. A hierarchical model was constructed using prospect theory to explore the influential relationship between hazard investigation resources, safety rules, and hazard manpower allocation from the perspective of the relationship between people and rules. The results showed that the difficulty of hazard investigation and rectification positively relates to the possibility of employee occupational unsafe behavior. In contrast, the soundness of the safety management system, hazard rectification and feedback negatively relates to the possibility of employee occupational unsafe behavior. These findings reveal the impact of allocation of hazard management resources in port system on occupational safety, which has theoretical and practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafast excited‐state decay and intrinsic charge carrier recombination restrain the photoactivity enhancement for solar‐to‐H2 production. Here, a CdS‐fullerene/graphene (CdS‐F/G) photocatalyst is synthesized for enhancing visible‐light‐driven hydrogen generation from earth‐abundant water. The CdS‐F/G shows ultrafast interfacial electrons/holes transfer and holes self‐trapping process in photocatalysis. The in‐situ dynamic study from transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the sub‐microsecond‐lived excited states (≈172.6 ns), interfacial electron transfer (≈30.3 ps), and hole trapping (≈44.0 ps) in the CdS‐F/G photocatalyst. The efficient active species transportation and prolonged lifetime significantly enhance the charge separation state survival, increasing the photoactivity and photostability. Consequently, visible‐light activity enhancement (>400%) of H2 evolution reaction (HER) is obtained at the CdS‐F/G photocatalyst with high stability (>36 h). The 127.2 µmol h−1 g−1 performance corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 7.24% at 420 nm is not only higher than the case of pristine CdS (29.2 µmol h−1 g−1) but also much higher than that of CdS‐Pt photocatalyst (73.8 µmol h−1 g−1). The cost‐effective CdS‐F/G photocatalyst exhibits a great potential for sustainable and high‐efficiency photocatalytic water splitting into clean energy carriers. Moreover, the optimized electronic structure associated with interfacial electrons/holes transfer and holes self‐trapping promotes overall water splitting for H2 and O2 generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although the risk effect of perceived discrimination on left-behind youth's mental health (mainly emotional problems) has been demonstrated in prior studies, there is a lack of longitudinal studies examining the effect of perceived discrimination on behavioral problems, particularly in emerging adults with early left-behind experience. In addition, little is known about individual differences in terms of this association. In the present study, we draw on the social information processing model of aggression to examine the effect of perceived discrimination and mindfulness on cyber aggression. Methods: We used two-wave longitudinal panel data involving 535 emerging adults with early left-behind experience in rural China (M age = 19.89 years; SD = 1.20; 57.2% female). To test the moderating role of mindfulness, hierarchical multiple regression and simple slope test analyses were performed. Results: The results of linear regression analysis demonstrated that higher levels of perceived discrimination at T1 were significantly associated with higher cyber aggression at T2; the strength of this association was buffered by mindfulness over time. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the facilitation of mindfulness training may be an effective strategy for reducing the risk of perceived discrimination leading to cyber aggression in emerging adults with early left-behind experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the trend of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) during the oxidation process of biodiesel, this study uses gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with information entropy theory to propose a new method to analyze the effect of FAMEs on the stability of biodiesel (especially with different amounts of unsaturated FAMEs). The induction periods of the main FAMEs in biodiesel were determined by the Rancimat method. The results showed that the longest induction period of methyl stearate was 248 h, while the induction of methyl linoleate was only 0.12 h. Accelerated oxidation of biodiesel, using GC-MS analysis showed that the oxidation trends of FAMEs was different. The oxidation rate of methyl linoleate was the fastest. A mathematical equation was proposed to calculate the trend of FAMEs. The results showed that during the 5 h accelerated an oxidation process, the content of methyl linoleate decreased from 28.35% to 2.10%, while the content of methyl oleate decreased by 18.21%. Using information entropy, the weighting coefficients of FAMEs in the oxidation process of biodiesel were calculated. The weighting coefficient of methyl linoleate was as high as 0.6797. Methyl linoleate was the main reason why biodiesel was easily oxidized. • GC-MS and information entropy methods was employed for FAMEs oxidation evaluation. •The weight coefficients of different FAMEs in the oxidation process are obtained. •Methyl linoleate is the main internal reason that affects the oxidation of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undesired photoelectronic dormancy through active species decay is adverse to photoactivity enhancement. An insufficient extrinsic driving force leads to ultrafast deep charge trapping and photoactive species depopulation in carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). Excitation of shallow trapping in g‐C3N4 with long‐lived excited states opens up the possibility of pursuing high‐efficiency photocatalysis. Herein, a near‐field‐assisted model is constructed consisting of an In2O3‐cube/g‐C3N4 heterojunction associated with ultrafast photodynamic coupling. This In2O3‐cube‐induced near‐field assistance system provides catalytic "hot areas", efficiently enhances the lifetimes of excited states and shallow trapping in g‐C3N4 and this favors an increased active species density. Optical simulations combined with time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy shows there is a built‐in charge transfer and the active species lifetimes are longer in the In2O3‐cube/g‐C3N4 hybrid. Besides these properties, the estimated overpotential and interfacial kinetics of the In2O3‐cube/g‐C3N4 hybrid co‐promotes the liquid phase reaction and also helps in boosting the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic results exhibit a tremendous improvement (34‐fold) for visible‐light‐driven hydrogen production. Near‐field‐assisted long‐lived active species and the influences of trap states is a novel finding for enhancing (g‐C3N4)‐based photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School bullying victimization is a highly concerning issue that can lead to a range of negative outcomes. Despite the research showing a significant association between bullying victimization and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), the internal mechanisms with its two components (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms [PTSD] and disorders of self-organization symptoms [DSO]) remain unclear. Previous studies have indicated that attachment style may influence the development of CPTSD symptoms and that there may be sex differences in attachment styles. Thus, the present study aims to examine the mediating role of insecure attachment between school bullying victimization and CPTSD symptoms in males and females. The study assessed bullying victimization, attachment orientation, and CPTSD (i.e., PTSD symptoms and DSO symptoms) symptoms in 675 college students (65.2% females; Mage = 19.6, SD = 1.34) from China who had reported bullying experiences at two different time points, 6 months apart. For females, school bullying victimization predicted PTSD and DSO symptoms through attachment anxiety and only predicted DSO symptoms through attachment avoidance. For males, we found that school bullying victimization predicted PTSD symptoms through attachment avoidance. These findings suggest that attachment is critical in understanding how school bullying victimization may lead to CPTSD symptoms among individuals of different sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying victimization is related to increased aggressive behaviour, but little research considers both self‐ (e.g., nonsuicidal self‐injury; NSSI) and other‐directed (e.g., cyberaggression) outcomes. Moreover, little is known about the mediating mechanisms that underlie this relationship. Based on the General Aggression Model, the current study investigates the mediating roles of Perceived ostracism (PO) and depression in the relationship between bullying victimization and cyberaggression/NSSI among emerging adult. A total of 795 emerging adults (Mage = 19.66 years, SD = 1.46; 59.9% female) completed a multimeasure questionnaire measuring the targeted variables at three time points over one year. Structural equation modelling was used to test temporal mediation. After controlling for gender, age, and family monthly income, bullying victimization was found to positively predict later cyberaggression and NSSI. Mediation analysis revealed that the longitudinal association between bullying victimization and cyberaggression was mediated by PO; the longitudinal association between bullying victimization and NSSI was mediated by depression and was sequentially mediated by PO and depression. These findings extend the theory, prevention and interventions to include both self‐ and other‐directed aggressive behaviour in the bullying context. Future research and practice may benefit from an emphasis on PO and depression‐focused psychological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall water splitting efficiency is mainly restricted by the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution. Therefore, it is essential to develop active oxygen evolution catalysts. In this context, we designed and synthesized a tungsten oxide catalyst with oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic oxygen evolution, which exhibited a higher oxygen evolution rate of 683 μmol h−1 g−1 than that of pure WO3 (159 μmol h−1 g−1). Subsequent studies through transient absorption spectroscopy found that the oxygen vacancies can produce electron trapping states to inhibit the direct recombination of photogenerated carriers. Additionally, a Pt cocatalyst can promote electron trap states to participate in the reaction to improve the photocatalytic performance further. This work uses femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to explain the photocatalytic oxygen evolution mechanism of inorganic materials and provides new insights into the design of high‐efficiency water‐splitting catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall water splitting efficiency is mainly restricted by the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution. Therefore, it is essential to develop active oxygen evolution catalysts. In this context, we designed and synthesized a tungsten oxide catalyst with oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic oxygen evolution, which exhibited a higher oxygen evolution rate of 683 μmol h−1 g−1 than that of pure WO3 (159 μmol h−1 g−1). Subsequent studies through transient absorption spectroscopy found that the oxygen vacancies can produce electron trapping states to inhibit the direct recombination of photogenerated carriers. Additionally, a Pt cocatalyst can promote electron trap states to participate in the reaction to improve the photocatalytic performance further. This work uses femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to explain the photocatalytic oxygen evolution mechanism of inorganic materials and provides new insights into the design of high‐efficiency water‐splitting catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the molecular impact of graft MaS on post-transplant prognosis, based on multi-omics integrative analysis. Rats were fed by methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) for MaS grafts. Samples were collected from grafts by sequential biopsies. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profilings were assayed. Post-transplant MaS status showed a close association with graft failure. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for in-vivo MaS were mainly enriched on pathways of cell cycle and DNA replication. Post-transplant MaS caused arrests of graft regeneration via inhibiting the E2F1 centered network, which was confirmed by an in vitro experiment. Data from metabolomics assays found insufficient serine/creatine which is located on one‑carbon metabolism was responsible for MaS-related GF. Pre-transplant MaS caused severe fibrosis in long-term survivors. DEGs for grafts from long-term survivors with pre-transplant MaS were mainly enriched in pathways of ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. Transcriptional regulatory network analysis confirmed SOX9 as a key transcription factor (TF) for MaS-related fibrosis. Metabolomic assays found elevation of aromatic amino acid (AAA) was a major feature of fibrosis in long-term survivors. Graft MaS in vivo increased post-transplant GF via negative regulations on graft regeneration. Pre-transplant MaS induced severe fibrosis in long-term survivors via activations on ECM-receptor interaction and AAA metabolism. • MaS in vivo affects postoperative survival status for rats LT receivors; • MaS caused GF via suppressed regeneration E2F1 centered TRN; • Pre-transplant MaS causes fibrosis in long-term survivors via SOX9 centered TRN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies indicate that social support, self-compassion, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) can affect prosocial behaviour and antisocial behaviour, but few studies have examined their combined role in prosocial and antisocial behaviour among adolescents who have experienced traumatic events. Objective: This study examined the mediating roles of self-compassion and PTG in the relationship between social support and prosocial and antisocial behaviour among Chinese adolescents after the Ya'an earthquake. Method: Four and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake, 492 students aged 13 to 18 in Lushan County (98.6% of the 499 students surveyed) were assessed using the following system: Measures of Trauma Exposure Questionnaire, Social Support Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and Child Behaviour Problems Questionnaire. Results: When we controlled for gender, age, and traumatic exposure, social support had a positive effect on prosocial behaviour. Moreover, social support had an indirect and positive effect on prosocial behaviour via positive self-compassion and PTG, as well as via an indirect path from positive self-compassion to PTG, but social support had a negative effect on antisocial behaviour via PTG, as well as via an indirect path from positive self-compassion to PTG on antisocial behaviour. Social support also had a positive effect on antisocial behaviour via negative self-compassion. Conclusion: Findings suggest that increased support may be beneficial for prosocial behaviour and reduce antisocial behaviour. Self-compassion and PTG play a significant mediating role between social support, prosocial behaviour, and antisocial behaviour. • This study examined the mediating roles of self-compassion (positive and negative self-compassion) and PTG in the relationship between social support and prosocial and antisocial behavior among Chinese adolescents after the Ya'an earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a green alternative fuel for petrochemical diesel, biodiesel is currently mainly used by blending with petrochemical diesel, but the blended fuels with different ratios have different physical and chemical properties and price costs. At present, there is not a method for quickly and accurately detecting the blending ratio to distinguish whether it is necessary to mix with vegetable oil and the blending ratio of biodiesel when mixed with vegetable oil, to promote the use of blended biodiesel fuels. Mixtures of standard diesel (hereinafter referred to as diesel), jatropha oil and jatropha biodiesel were investigated based on UV-Vis in combination with the OLS and PLS. The blending ratios of jatropha oil and its biodiesel were analyzed in mixtures of diesel/jatropha biodiesel, diesel/jatropha oil/jatropha biodiesel. The results show that in the diesel/jatropha biodiesel mixture, the absorbance of the mixture decreases as the biodiesel concentration increased. Based on the blending ratio and absorbance, a UV-Vis-OLS model is established to analyze the blend ratio, and the error is within the range of ± 0.1. Additionally, for the diesel/jatropha oil/jatropha biodiesel mixture, a UV-Vis-PLS model based on the partial least squares method is established to analyze the concentrations of jatropha oil and its biodiesel in the diesel/jatropha oil/jatropha biodiesel blend, obtaining a calculation error in the range of ± 0.9. Thus, both models can quickly and accurately analyze the blending ratio of the fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored whether social support moderated the relationship between various symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and antisocial behavior. Participants were 597 adolescents from two middle schools in Lushan county, China, an area severely affected by the Ya'an earthquake. All four symptom clusters of PTSD significantly and positively correlated with antisocial behavior. Of the PTSD symptoms, only social support played a significant moderating role in the effects of intrusion and avoidance symptoms on antisocial behavior. Intrusion and avoidance symptoms were associated with more antisocial behavior for individuals with lower social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although previous research has demonstrated that fear and guilt have an effect on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is still unclear how these two emotions affect posttraumatic growth (PTG). Moreover, few studies have examined the mechanisms by which fear and guilt affect PTSD and PTG. Guided by Lee et al.'s theory of PTSD generation mechanisms and Calhoun and Tedeschi's PTG theory, the current study proposes that intrusive rumination (IR) and deliberate rumination (DR) may play a mediating role in the effects of guilt and fear on PTSD and PTG. Objective: This study aimed to simultaneously examine the mediating roles of IR and DR in the relationship between fear, guilt, PTSD, and PTG. Method: This study employed a two-wave longitudinal design. A total of 408 adolescent survivors were assessed using self-report questionnaires after the Ya'an earthquake in China. Measures were obtained for trauma exposure, subjective fear, survivor guilt, IR, and DR at three and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake (Time 1), while PTSD and PTG were assessed at time point four and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake (Time 2). Results: The results showed that both fear and guilt had a direct and positive effect on PTSD and PTG. Fear and guilt were positive predictors of PTSD and negative predictors of PTG through the mediating variable of IR. DR mediated the relationship between guilt and PTG but not PTSD, and also mediated the relationship between IR and PTG. Conclusions: Study findings indicate that fear, guilt, and intrusive rumination may contribute to PTSD symptoms in adolescent trauma survivors. Results also suggest that adolescent survivors can grow emotionally and psychologically following traumatic events, and that directed rumination may contribute to such growth. Interventions that reduce fear, guilt, and intrusive rumination while increasing directed rumination may assist adolescent trauma survivors in recovery and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a key platform in biomass valorisation, with a market value exceeding USD 60 million. Its redox reformed products are highly desirable, serving as the precursors of various sustainable polymers, fuels and fine chemicals. By decoupling the photocatalytic redox species, HMF can be upgraded under different routes, via hydroxymethyl and/or aldehyde groups, to diverse value-added products. Here, we focus on the latest heterogeneous photocatalysis for converting HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). Particular attention is paid to the effect of aerobic/anaerobic conditions on active species, redox pathways and derived products. Under aerobic conditions, reactive oxygen species (˙O2−, 1O2 and ˙OOH) generated from photogenerated holes/electrons and molecular oxygen act as the active species, driving the oxidation of HMF to DFF and FDCA via oxidative dehydrogenation or insertion reactions, along with H2O2 generation as the side product. In comparison, photogenerated holes can directly oxidise HMF to DFF coupled with electron-involved H2 production. In aerobic conditions, HMF can be hydrogenated to BHMF using solvent protons or in situ generated H2 enabled by decoupling and activation of charge carriers and hydrogenation sites. Challenges and fundamental insights associated with anerobic and anaerobic approaches for selective redox transformations of HMF are discussed, which pave the way for the design of highly efficient and net-zero solar biorefineries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soot generated from diesel combustion is an important pollutant source in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, oxygenated biomass fuels are potential green alternatives to diesel that suppress soot formation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of oxygenated biomass fuels (biodiesel and ethanol) on all soot precursors (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and soot particles during diesel combustion. Kinetic modeling results showed that both biodiesel and ethanol monotonically reduced the concentration of PAHs mainly by inhibiting their production and facilitating their oxidation. Specifically, the C 2 -C 4 content reduced and the O, H, and OH concentrations increased. Ethanol has a more profound inhibitory effect on pyrene than biodiesel, mainly due to the reduction of C 2 -C 4 species and increased production of CO 2 and CO. Soot particles generated from the combustion of diesel (D 100) and its blends (D 0.8 B 0.2 /B 0.1 D 0.8 E 0.1 /D 0.8 E 0.2 ; D and E represent the volume fractions of biodiesel and ethanol in diesel, respectively) were collected on an in-house premix burner. Soot particles were further characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA), fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The activation energy of D 100 was found to be significantly higher than that of other soot particle samples. After blending oxygenated biomass fuels, there is an increase in O elements, oxygen-containing functional groups, layer spacing and streak distance inside PAH crystals, and streak curvature in soot particles; however, there is a decrease in C elements, aliphatic functional groups, crystal size and crystal stacking thickness of PAHs, and average stripe length. These changes indicate that oxygenated biomass fuels allow soot particles to exhibit a higher oxidation activity, which reduces the amount of soot generated by diesel combustion. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Jinan City is a typical with contradictions between development and protection. • Fusion of Markov Chain Model and Path-generating Land Use Simulation Model. • Major factors driving the changes of urban green space in Jinan City are explored. • Simulated predictions under free inertia scenario and ecological protection scenario. • Unused land is the key to solving the contradictions. The study of long-term changes to urban green space reveals the reasons for changes in the spatial pattern of urban green space and predicts the future development trends, which is of great importance for urban green space protection and integrated urban development. This study used Markov Chain and PLUS models to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of changes to green space in urban and rural areas in Jinan City during recent rapid urbanization and the driving forces behind them. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the decrease in urban green space in Jinan City slowed down gradually, and that elevation and population density were the primary factors influencing changes in urban green space. In the simulation projections, the ecologically protected development scenario had a relatively low rate of site change and was more protective of arable land and green space. Ecological conservation development was predicted to result in a decrease in unused urban land and to reflect the advantages of intensive land use. The findings will provide decision-makers with ideas related to the sustainable development of urban green space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A Web-based system for canal irrigation management (WIDSS) is developed. • The weather forecast and sensors are used to help predict irrigation schedules. • WIDSS has achieved automatic data acquisition and complicated process encapsulation. • Two years' application indicates that the system can achieve promising performance. Irrigation plays an important role in agricultural production. In this paper, a Web-based irrigation decision support system (WIDSS) is designed for canal irrigation management in large irrigated districts. WIDSS has many functions including data acquisition and detection, real-time irrigation forecast, dynamic water allocation decision and irrigation information management. It uses technical methods to reduce the need for users' specialized knowledge and can also take users' managerial experience into account. As the system is developed by the Browser/Server model, it is possible to make full use of the Internet resources and to facilitate users at any place with access to the Internet. Two years' application in the Zhanghe Irrigation System (Central China) indicates that the proposed WIDSS can achieve promising performance for canal irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to compare depressive symptoms in emerging adults with early left-behind experiences (LB-A) and their counterparts (non-LB-A) in China. Of importance, guided by a risk and resilience ecological framework, we examined the potential interactive roles of peer support, parent support, and personal characteristics (i.e., grit) on depressive symptoms. A total of 458 LB-A and 1,656 non-LB-A participants were involved in the study. The findings showed that the LB-A group perceived higher levels of depressive symptoms than the non-LB-A group. Moreover, in the context of higher levels of peer support, grit was found to buffer depressive symptoms for the LB-A group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite element analysis was conducted to study the compaction densification mechanism of Fe-40at%Al composite powders. Firstly, the effect of compaction methods on the property of the compact was characterized by finite element simulation and physical experiment. It was shown that the double compaction could obtain denser compacts comparing with that in uniaxial compaction under the same initial conditions. The simulation result was consistent with the experiment result, and they were well fitted with Van Der Zwan-Siskens model. Furthermore, the effect of compaction pressure was analyzed. It was observed that the increase in compaction pressure could improve the relative density and stress of the compact. Finally, the effect mechanism of the die wall friction was analyzed. And a fitting equation of Fe-40at%Al composite powders was proposed on the basis of Van Der Zwan-Siskens model. The results indicated that friction was the primary reason that induced inhomogeneous density and stress distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Exposure to MC-LR (0.5 and 2 μg/L) for 30 days induced tadpoles' blood-brain barrier impairment and MC-LR bioaccumulation. • MC-LR exposure induced brain tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. • MC-LR exposure caused impairment of neurotransmitter synthesis and transmission. • MC-LR exposure led to hindered neuronal development. Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a toxin commonly found in eutrophic waters worldwide, but its potential effects on amphibian brain toxicity and exposure mechanisms are unclear. In this study, Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles were exposed to MC-LR for 30 days at realistic ambient concentrations (0, 0.5, and 2 µg/L) to reveal its effects on brain health. The MC-LR bioaccumulation in the brain increased in dependence on the concentration of MC-LR exposure. Exposure to 0.5 and 2 µg/L MC-LR resulted in a significant down-regulation of the expression of structural components of the blood-brain barrier (CLDN1), while the expression of genes associated with inflammation (NLRP3, TNF , IL-1β, and CXCL12) was significantly up-regulated with increased number of eosinophils. In the hippocampal and hypothalamic regions, the number of vacuolated neuropils increased with increasing MC-LR exposure concentration, while the expression of genes associated with neuronal development (LGALS1, CACNA2D2 , and NLGN4X) and neurotransmitter transmission (SLC6A13 and AChE) was significantly down-regulated. Moreover, the levels of neurotransmitters (5-HT, glutamate, GABA, and ACh) were significantly reduced. These results provide strong evidence that MC-LR exposure at realistic ambient concentrations of 0.5 and 2 µg/L can break the blood-brain barrier and raise the accumulation of MC-LR in the brain tissue, causing structural damage and functional disorder to brain neurons. Further, based on transcriptomic and biochemical analysis, it was revealed that MC-LR exposure induces DNA damage through oxidative stress and may be an important pathway causing brain structural damage and functional disorder. Overall, this study demonstrates the significant effects of MC-LR on the brain tissue of amphibians, highlighting the sensitivity of amphibians to MC-LR. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new process is developed for biogas upgrading using the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in biogas slurry as a renewable absorbent. TAN in biogas slurry can be transferred into free ammonia by adding NaOH to increase the solution pH. Increasing the pH of biogas slurry to 10 causes that > 90% TAN transfers into free ammonia, leading to high TAN removal ratios. However, further increasing the pH of biogas slurry has limited effects. Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) has higher kinetics constants and thus is a more effective way to recover and enrich ammonia from biogas slurry compared with thermal or air stripping. After VMD, the recovered aqueous ammonia solution with high TAN concentrations and the enhanced biogas slurry can be used as “once-through” CO 2 absorbents. With alkaline addition, VMD does not increase the CO 2 absorption capacity, but significantly minimizes the phytotoxicity of biogas slurry. When NaOH dosage is below 0.25 M, superior ammonia separation performance with high kinetics constants and low phytotoxicity can be achieved. The recovered aqueous ammonia solution also has excellent CO 2 absorption performance for biogas upgrading and can help obtain high content of methane. This study provides an effective process for biogas upgrading with low costs and generation of valuable products, including high purity bio-methane, low phytotoxicity biogas slurry for agricultural application and high concentration NH 4 HCO 3 as a fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen-rich combustion technology can improve fuel combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. It is one of the effective technical means to solve energy shortages and environmental pollution problems caused by rapid development of industry. In this paper, the combustion thermodynamic characteristics and pollutant emission of diesel fuel in different oxygen-rich atmospheres (oxygen-enriched air and fuel oxygen-rich atmosphere, and ethanol and biodiesel were selected in fuel oxygen-rich atmosphere) were investigated by numerical simulation. The results show that both oxygen-rich atmospheres increase the combustion temperature, flame temperature gradient, combustion heat release rate and flame propagation speed. The effect of oxygen-rich atmosphere on combustion is more severe, and the promotion effect of low oxygen-rich air on combustion process is more obvious. The flame thickness decreased in the two oxygen-rich atmospheres, and the flame thickness decreased significantly in the oxygen-enriched air atmosphere. Ethanol could reduce the flame thickness of diesel combustion more than biodiesel. The flame thickness was reduced from 0.03890 cm to 0.03214 cm with the addition of 20% ethanol. Oxygen-rich atmosphere can significantly inhibit the formation of soot precursor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during diesel combustion, thereby reducing the amount of soot. However, the two oxygen-rich atmospheres have different effects on the formation of PAHs. The oxygen-rich atmosphere in the air mainly enhanced the oxidation reaction of PAH S with OH, O, H and other free radicals, resulting in a significant reduction in the production of PAH S. The fuel oxygen-rich atmosphere reduced the content of C 2 –C 4 and other small molecules substances, hindered the formation process of PAH S, and strengthened the oxidation reaction of PAH S. The smoke reduction effect of ethanol is better than that of biodiesel. By analyzing the reaction rate of PAHs formation path, it is determined that the main path of A 1 affecting PAHs is R45 and R58. • A diesel-ethanol-biodiesel mechanism is proposed for combustion. • Oxygen enrichment affects combustion thermal properties and PAHs production. • Air oxygen-rich atmosphere significantly increases temperature and flame speed. • Biodiesel and ethanol reduce the amount of C 2 –C 4 and raises the oxidation of PAHs. • R45 and R58 are critical paths that affect the generation of A 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose a mixed-mode crack propagation model for CFRP reinforcement. • Provide the optimized CFRP reinforcement configuration. The mixed-mode crack propagation model was proposed to predict crack growth trajectory of a central cracked tensile steel plate with prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement through verification of previous experiments. A sensitivity analysis of different parameters including CFRP fiber orientation, initial crack geometry, and prestress level was conducted to investigate CFRP repairing efficiency by using a combination of the programs FRANC3D and ABAQUS. The results show that the applied loading direction primarily governs the bifurcation angle of crack propagation. Increasing prestress level of CFRP along the applied loading direction can achieve ten-fold repairing efficiency of damaged steel structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the instantaneous dynamics of breathing soliton near exceptional point (EP) and propose the nonlinear non-Hermitian coupling model in gain nonlinearity systems. In such nonlinear systems, the mode intensity change is weakened by gain nonlinearity, and the relative phase displays localization in probability distribution. Moreover, such localization can be enhanced by EPs, which is helpful for EP sensing. Experiments and simulations are carried out in breathing soliton lasers. We find that the instantaneous breathing frequency and the relative phase are time-varying near EP. Meanwhile, the distribution of the relative phase displays localization as the theoretical prediction. These results not only are important to the nonlinear science but also can help to understand the EP properties, especially for the application of breathing soliton systems for EP sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Producing waste rubber into powder and adding it to rubber products as filler is one of the most direct and valuable methods to recover waste rubber. However, weak interface adhesion between waste rubber powder and rubber matrix severely damages the properties of rubber composites. To solve this problem, we propose a method of filling waterjet-produced rubber powder (WPRP) in natural rubber (NR) matrix via a wet mixing process. The characterizations of WPRP, the wet mixing mechanism participated by WPRP, and the properties of the wet-mixing rubber composites are carefully investigated. The surface of WPRP is irregular and contains some hydroxyl groups generated by the cavitation effect of waterjet, which endows the WPRP surface with certain hydrophilicity. The hydrophilic groups enable the stable suspension and uniform distribution of WPRP in latex. The active and irregular surface accelerates the flocculation during high-speed shear mixing, promotes the entanglement of NR molecular chains with WPRP, and forms a network between WPRP and NR matrix, which improves the dispersion of carbon black. When adding 5 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of WPRP, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the rubber composites are 27.8 MPa and 614.1%, respectively, which are even better than those of pure NR. When adding 10 phr of WPRP, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the rubber composite maintain 97.6% and 96.2% of that without WPRPs, respectively. Additionally, the addition of WPRP can reduce the rolling resistance of the rubber composites. This method will allow more waste rubbers to be incorporated into high-value rubber products, thereby relieving environmental pressure and realizing the recycling of rubber materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubber and polyurethane are polymers that are widely used but difficult to decompose in the natural environment. In this work, polyurethane aminolysis products (PAPs) are used to assist in the devulcanization of waste rubbers for the first time. The amine groups contained in PAPs can couple with the radicals generated by the scissions of crosslink bonds under the action of mechanical shear force, enhance the degree of devulcanization, and thus improve the mechanical properties of the reclaimed rubbers (RRs). The addition of PAPs can also shorten the optimum cure time of the RRs and improve the crosslink density and hardness of the RR re-vulcanizates. Using 1.8 phr of lower-layer PAPs prepared at 120 °C, the RR re-vulcanizate exhibit a tensile strength of 16.48 MPa, an elongation at break of 330.2%, and a tear strength of 48.5 MPa. This method realizes the dual high-value recycling of waste polyurethanes and rubbers, exhibiting bright application prospects. [Display omitted] • Waste polyurethane is chemically decomposed using tetraethylenepentamine. • Polyurethane aminolysis product is used as devulcanizing agent for rubber reclamation. • Low-temperature mechano-chemical devulcanization method is used to reclaim rubber. • Polyurethane aminolysis product enhances the rubber devulcanization degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the kinematic viscosity, calorific value, and flash point of three biodiesel–diesel blends (Luoping rape oil biodiesel, corn oil biodiesel, and catering waste oil biodiesel). Novel prediction equations for the calorific value were established based on the kinematic viscosity and flash point, and an optimal mixing ratio of biodiesel–diesel blends was obtained. Lederer's equation, theoretical calorific values calculated using mass fractions, and the Hu-Burns equation, which are based on mixing ratio, are effective for predicting the kinematic viscosity, calorific value, and flash point of the three biodiesel–diesel blends. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of Lederer's equation were 0.44%, 0.33%, and 0.68%, which were considerably higher than the results predicted using Krisnangkura equation. The MAPE values of the theoretical calorific values of mass fraction were 0.09%, 0.06%, and 0.11%. The MAPE values of Hu-Burns equation were 1.10%, 1.50%, and 1.00%, and the error was also smaller than that of Wickey-Chittenden equation and Chevro equation, which are consistent with the experimental results. A prediction model of kinematic viscosity, calorific value, and flash point values was established using Lederer's equation, mass fraction theory calorific value, and Hu-Burns equation through the leave-one-out cross-validation method. The power exponent model was the most suitable for simulating the relationship between kinematic viscosity and calorific value, and the maximum errors of the three blends were 0.55%, 0.81%, and 0.90%, and the MAPE values were 0.16%, 0.39%, and 0.38%. The exponential decay model was the most suitable for simulating the relationship between the flash point and calorific value; the maximum errors of the three biodiesel blends were 0.98%, 0.68% and 0.58%; and the MAPE values were 0.51%, 0.25%, and 0.30%. Therefore, the calorific values obtained using these two models were highly accurate. Considering kinematic viscosity, flash point, and calorific value as the optimization indexes, the optimization interval was determined, and the optimal biodiesel mass fraction mixing ratios were 24.4%, 25.1%, and 25.2%. This study has important practical implications for the efficient utilization of biodiesel–diesel blended fuel. [Display omitted] • Kinematic viscosity, calorific value and flash point are predicted by mixing ratio. • The calorific value is predicted by kinematic viscosity and flash point respectively. • A model for predicting the calorific value of biodiesel blended fuel is proposed. • The predicted calorific value error of biodiesel blending fuel is less than 1%. • The biodiesel blending proportion of the three blended fuels is about 25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of the rated power, the sampling and switching frequencies of the high-power pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converter tend to be lower so that a challenging scenario is arising in current control system design. This strongly affects the stability and control performance of the current control system due to the undesirable dynamic coupling of the dq current components. From this perspective, this paper presents a systematic procedure for accurately evaluating the coupling of current control systems, which is based on static and dynamic relative gain array (static relative gain array and dynamic relative gain array). Unfortunately, the dynamic coupling of these systems is so serious at low-frequency band, and the parameter variation makes it easier for these systems to lose stability, when a classical proportional integral regulator with feed-forward decoupling or nondecoupling is employed. Hence, a novel output feedback decoupling control method is proposed, which is based on linear control for multiple-input-multiple-output system. Considering the amplification of the first-order differential, the decoupling unit is further improved by replacing the differential with high-pass filter. Experimental results in a small-power converter are presented to support the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection method was developed for the detection of berberine and its derivatives (A4, B4) in rat plasma and other organs. This validated method was successfully applied to our pharmacokinetic study of BBR derivatives in rats. At the same dose of administration, the C max of B4 was about eight times higher than BBR, and its half-life was approximately two times longer than BBR, according to the bigger areas under plasma concentration curves. Inversely, the pharmacokinetic parameter levels of A4 were all inferior to BBR, suggesting a tight structure-activity relationship of these compounds. Small dose of parenteral administration was used for the study of absolute oral bioavailability of A4, B4, and BBR, and the results calculated were 0.12%, 3.4% and 0.7%, respectively. The accumulations of B4 among all organs were intestine > liver > heart > kidney > lung > spleen > plasma, proving a deeply targeting property of B4, which met our experimental assumption. Together, the experimental results proved that compared with BBR and A4, the derivative B4 had higher absolute oral bioavailability and the ability of deeply targeting so that can be likely used in some organ-targeted diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in diverse biological processes such as tumorigenesis and metastasis. Taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is a cancer-related lncRNA that is associated with chromatin-modifying complexes and plays an important role in gene regulation. In this study, we determined the expression patterns of TUG1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and evaluated its clinical significance.Methods: The expression level of TUG1 was examined in 218 pairs of ESCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between TUG1 expression and clinical features and prognosis was statistically analyzed.Results: The expression level of TUG1 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with paired adjacent normal tissues. High TUG1 expression was significantly correlated with chemotherapy resistance. Survival analysis showed that patients with high TUG1 expression had poor prognosis, especially for cases with well and moderate differentiation, ulcerative type, smaller size, and chemotherapy-sensitive tumors.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that elevated TUG1 expression is related to chemotherapy resistance and may help predict a poor prognostic outcome of ESCC. TUG1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses identification of the yellow head virus genotype 3 (YHV-3) in Penaeus monodon. Topics discussed include impact of the yellow head disease (YHD) on shrimp industry in China, usage of the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection and the diagnosis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease.

As a major risk factor for oral leukoplakia (OLK), oxidative stress can induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is closely related to autophagy. Ras-related protein 7 (Rab7) is an important molecule involved in autophagy. Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is a key antioxidant protein, overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors. We found that the expression of Prx1 in OLK was up-regulated, and Prx1 is associated with autophagy. This study aims to identify mechanisms of Prx1 in oxidative stress associated autophagy in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) was used to induce autophagy in DOK cells. CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were conducted to examine cell viability, cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS level. Autophagy-associated proteins were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. MHY1485 was applied to investigate the role of Prx1 in autophagy. On the basis of online docking tool Zdock, Prx1 interacting with Rab7 was verified by immunofluorescence double-staining, Duolink PLA, and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). H 2 O 2 induced autophagy and ROS increase in DOK cells, and the expression of Prx1 increased gradually according to H 2 O 2 concentration. Prx1 knockdown attenuated the inhibition of MHY1485 on the expressions of autophagy-related proteins and the ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I induced by H 2 O 2. Moreover, Prx1 interacted with Rab7 in DOK cells. Prx1 was involved in the regulation of H 2 O 2 -induced autophagy in DOK cells partly by physically interacting with Rab7. Prx1 knockdown promoted autophagy maybe by releasing more Rab7 into the autophagy process. • H 2 O 2 induces autophagy and increases ROS and Prx1 expression in DOK cells. • Prx1 knockdown attenuates the inhibition of MHY1485 on H 2 O 2 induced autophagy. • Prx1 regulates H 2 O 2 induced autophagy in DOK cells partly by interacting with Rab7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work is to develop the method of preparing folate (FA)-decorated human serum albumin (HSA) loaded with nano-hydroxycamptothecin (nHCPT) nanoparticles (NPs) (FA-HSA-nHCPT-NPs) and to explore its antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro . FA-HSA-nHCPT-NPs were obtained by preparing nHCPT by a high-pressure homogenization technique followed with an anti-solvent method. The drug-loading efficiency of the FA-HSA-nHCPT-NPs was 7.8%. We adopted the human breast cancer cells (FA receptor-expressing MCF-7 cells) and BALB/c mice inoculated with human MCF-7 cells to determine the antitumor activity of FA-HSA-nHCPT-NPs in vitro and in vivo , respectively. The antitumor activity of FA-HSA-nHCPT-NPs was stronger than that of the raw HCPT in both conditions. Tissue distribution analysis showed that the FA-HSA-nHCPT-NPs carried more HCPT to tumors than the raw HCPT. The tumor inhibitory rate of FA-HSA-nHCPT-NPs was much higher compared with the raw HCPT. Th7us, the FA-HSA-nHCPT-NPs could serve as a viable delivery system with an obvious target effect on tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdSe nanoparticles enhanced TiO 2 nanotube arrays electrodes (CdSe/TNTAs) were explored as the photoanode for driving the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) generation of hydrogen and simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants in a PEC system. The evolution hydrogen and the simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants were performed in an electrolytic cell (three electrodes system) under visible-light ( λ > 400 nm). Such CdSe/TiO 2 based PEC system exhibited both high efficiency of hydrogen generation and effective oxidation of methyl orange (MO). Such high PEC performance of CdSe/TNTAs was attributed to the high dispersity of CdSe nanoparticles on both outside and inside of the pore walls of TiO 2 nanotube arrays, the strong combination and heterojunctions between CdSe and TiO 2 through Cd O bonds via electrodeposition with ion-exchange method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, response surface methodology was employed to optimize experimental process for ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction of curcuminoids compounds from rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. The Box–Behnken design on three factors and five levels together with response surface methodology were used to optimize experimental conditions for total curcuminoids content and radical scavenging capacity. The radical scavenging capacity was determined by ABTS and TRAP methods. For the ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction, optimum process was set as below: [Omim]Br concentration, 4.2 mol/L; liquid-raw ratio, 30 mL/g; extraction time, 90 min; ultrasonic power, 250 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free Li x (K 0.48 Na 0.52 ) 1− x NbO 3 (KNN– x Li) ceramics were successfully prepared by the tape casting method and solid-state reaction. The effects of Li content on phase transition, microstructure and electrical properties were investigated. XRD results show strong preferred orientation, indicating the presence of textured structure in the samples. With increasing Li content, the Currie Temperature shifts to higher temperature while the phase transition temperature between orthorhombic and tetragonal phases shifts to lower temperature. The sample with x =0.05 is determined to contain two perovskite phases with orthorhombic and tetragonal structures at room temperature, respectively, and exhibits the maximum values of piezoelectric coefficient of 286 pC/N and planar electromechanical coupling factor of 0.45. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we chose diffident kinds of ionic liquids to optimal selection an optimal one to extract alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr . Four ionic liquids with diffident carbon chains or anions have been investigated and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide with best productivity. Then, selections have been optimized in different conditions, including concentration of ionic liquid, time for ultrasonic treatment, ultrasonic power and solid–liquid ratio. Moreover, three conditions have been comprehensively assessment by response surface methodology, the optimal conditions were determined as follows ultrasonic power 100 W, extraction time 75 min and ratio of solvent to raw material 1:14. Under these conditions, the yield% (MIX) was 106.7% (extracted by heat reflux being defined 100%). Comparing with other methods, the advantages are saving conserving, time saving, high yield% and especially pollution-free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel conjugate of camptothecin and artesunate (C–Q) was prepared and its cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. In addition, the antitumour activity and toxicity of C–Q were investigated in mice, and interaction between transferrin (TF) and C–Q was investigated to evaluate its interaction with biological macromolecules. In the MTT assay, C–Q showed better inhibitory activity against MCF7 breast cancer cells and SMMC-7721 liver cancer cells than camptothecin or artesunate. In vivo, C–Q showed lower toxicity and better antitumour activity compared with camptothecin. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed static quenching of TF in the presence of C–Q, and thermodynamic parameters (Δ H > 0 and Δ G < 0) indicated that the reaction was spontaneous and endothermic. The main binding force between C–Q and TF was hydrophobic, as indicated by thermodynamic parameters (Δ H > 0 and Δ S > 0). Thus, synchronous fluorescence spectra showed that C–Q had no influence on the conformation of TF. Our results indicated that C–Q represents a novel potential anticancer therapeutic vector with advantages over current methods of CPT and ART administration. This novel drug delivery system allows the use of these drugs in a manner associated with few side effects for normal tissue, and which facilitates synergistic effects of anti-tumour drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, highly selective and productive synthesis of chlorosilanes from hydrosilanes is reported. Ceramic spheres were added to chlorination reaction systems and found to greatly increase the efficiency and yields of the reactions. PhSiH 2 Cl, PhSiHCl 2 , PhSiCl 3 , Ph 2 SiHCl, Ph 2 SiCl 2 , PhMeSiHCl and PhMeSiCl 2 were synthesized from the corresponding hydrosilanes in only a few hours with yields that typically exceeded 90%. This is the first time PhSiCl 3 , Ph 2 SiHCl, Ph 2 SiCl 2 and PhMeSiCl 2 have been synthesized by this method. The factors that affect the rate of the chlorination reaction were studied. In addition the rate constant, reaction order and apparent activation energy of the chlorination reaction were also determined by kinetics study. The reaction was found to have an induction period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]