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[Display omitted] • CORT and T are higher during reproductive season, especially in calling males toads. • Higher BKA during reproduction suggests immune-enhancing effect of steroids. • BKA and NLR are positively correlated with CORT and T. • Stress response is yearly constant, decreasing BKA only after reproductive season. Due to the rapid increase in the number of spent lithium-ion batteries, there has been a growing interest in the recovery of degraded graphite. In this work, a rapid thermal shock (RTS) strategy is proposed to regenerate spent graphite for use in lithium-ion batteries. The results of structural and morphological characterization demonstrate that the graphite is well regenerated by the RTS process. Additionally, an amorphous carbon layer forms and coats onto the surface of the graphite, contributing to excellent rate performance. The regenerated graphite (RG-1000) displays excellent rate performance, with capacities of 413 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and 102.1 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1, respectively. Furthermore, it demonstrates long-term cycle stability, maintaining a capacity of 80 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 with a capacity retention of 78.4 % after 600 cycles. This RTS method enables rapid and efficient regeneration of spent graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries, providing a facile and environmentally friendly strategy for their direct regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for cost-effective and sustainable energy-storage systems. Nevertheless, limited by the large K+ radius, PIBs have great difficulty in figuring out and designing suitable host materials. Herein, a suitable cathode material K3V2(PO4)2O2F (KVPOF) for PIBs has been carefully prepared. It exhibits a high specific capacity close to the theoretical value, 116.3 mAh/g at 20 mA/g within the voltage window of 2.0–4.5 V vs K+/K, corresponding to a de-/intercalation process of ∼2 mol K+ per formula unit. In addition, it presents an average operating voltage plateau of about 3.5 V, resulting in an energy density of about 410 Wh/kg. The crystal structure and phase transition are revealed by in situ x-ray diffraction, and the structure is found to be fully reversible during the de-/intercalation of K+. Furthermore, the potential of KVPOF cathode for applications at low temperatures was explored, and the full cell matched with graphite anode demonstrated fair electrochemical performance. The experimental results suggest the feasibility of using KVPOF as cathode material for rechargeable PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NASICON cathode, Na3V2(PO4)3, has garnered significant attention due to its robust framework with fast Na+ migration. To expand its application scenarios by diversified electronic reaction, the substitution of vanadium with cost‐effective and abundant redox elements is a special research topic. Nevertheless, in terms of reducing toxicity, increasing Na content and widening voltage range, the V4+/5+ redox couple in Na4FeV(PO4)3 often accompanies asymmetric and irreversible electrochemical reactions that pose a dilemma for capacity and structural stability, especially at high currents. Herein, in this work, Na4FeV1/3Ti2/3(PO4)3 (NFVT) has achieved highly reactive of multiple electron transfer (Ti2+/3+, Fe2+/3+, and V3+/4+/5+) by utilizing the redox reaction with quasi‐monophase behavior, and it can reserve great capacity retention after 3,000 cycles. More competitively, its boosting kinetics makes the fast‐charging characteristic, just requiring only 3.63 min to reach 80% state of charge at 2 C. The rapid ion/electron transport dynamics can achieve the decay of only 0.043% per cycle by unlocking the quasi‐monophase behavior in the framework of NFVT full cells. The present study provides a fresh perspective on designing cathode materials with fast‐charging capabilities for sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lamasu deposit is the first large copper (Cu) deposit with ~0.6 Mt Cu reserve in the Chinese Western Tianshan Orogen (NW China). The Cu orebodies are mainly hosted in the exoskarn of the Proterozoic Kusongmuqieke Group. Now, the metallogenic mechanism of newly discovered skarn Cu orebodies (0.5 Mt Cu) remains poorly constrained. In this study, we conducted LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb isotope dating, EPMA and LA‐ICP‐MS geochemical analyses on different generations of garnet from Lamasu to elucidate the magmatic hydrothermal evolution and its timing. Garnets from the Lamasu exoskarn can be divided into three types: reddish‐brown coarse‐grained Grt‐I, light brown fine‐grained Grt‐II and yellowish‐green heterogranular Grt‐III, with U–Pb age of 389.1 ± 2.0 Ma, 387.1 ± 1.8 Ma and 387.0 ± 2.3 Ma, respectively. These dates represent the oldest Cu mineralization age in the Chinese Western Tianshan, coeval with the Middle Devonian subduction of the North Tianshan oceanic plate. Grt‐I to Grt‐III particles are mainly andradite with minor grossularite, and they have different REE compositions. The Grt‐I has total REE contents (∑REE) of 101.47 to 262.87 ppm, with steeply right‐inclining REE distribution patterns (LREE/HREE of 3.81 to 68.50) and positive Eu anomaly. The Grt‐II core has ∑REE of 163.49–249.52 ppm, LREE/HREE of 2.00–4.71, and negative Eu anomaly. The Grt‐II rim has ∑REE of 46.34–99.99 ppm, with LREE/HREE of 18.06–177.23, and positive Eu anomaly. The ∑REE of Grt‐III range from 31.71 to 219.02 ppm, with flat REE distribution pattern and positive Eu anomaly, and the LREE/HREE ranges from 2.16 to 9.07. These garnets have similar trace element compositions, featured by LILE‐depletions (e.g., Rb, Ba and Sr) and HFSE enrichments (e.g., Th, U, Nb and Ce). Micro‐texture and geochemical composition of garnets indicate that the Lamasu magmatic hydrothermal system could have changed from an open to a closed environment, and from infiltration metasomatism to diffusive metasomatism, which formed Grt‐I, Grt‐II and Grt‐III successively. These garnets generally formed in a relatively oxidized fluid environment, which inhibited early sulphide precipitation and favoured for Cu enrichment during the ore fluid evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing the new nitronyl nitroxide biradical ligand biNIT-3Py-5-Ph (2-(5-phenyl-3-pyridyl)-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide)), a 16-spin Cu-radical complex, [Cu8(biNIT-3Py-5-Ph)4(hfac)16] 1, and three 2p-3d-4f chain complexes, {[Ln(hfac)3][Cu(hfac)2]2(biNIT-3Py-5-Ph)2}n (LnⅢ= Gd 2, Tb 3, Dy 4; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate), have been prepared and characterized. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed in all derivatives a common cyclic [Cu-biNIT]2 secondary building unit in which two bi-NIT-3Py-5-Ph biradical ligands and two CuII ions are associated via the pyridine N atoms and NO units. For complex 1, two such units assemble with four additional CuII ions to form a discrete complex involving 16 S = 1/2 spin centers. For complexes 2–4, the [Cu-biNIT]2 units are linked by LnIII ions via NO groups in a 1D coordination polymer. Magnetic studies show that the coordination of the aminoxyl groups with Cu or Ln ions results in behaviors combining ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. No slow magnetic relaxation behavior was observed for Tb and Dy derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received increased interest in recent years as an advanced class of materials. By virtue of the available monomers, multiple conformations and various linkages, COFs offer a wide range of opportunities for complex structural design and specific functional development of materials, which has facilitated the widespread application in many fields, including multi‐valent metal ion batteries (MVMIBs), described as the attractive candidate replacing lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). With their robust skeletons, diverse pores, flexible structures and abundant functional groups, COFs are expected to help realize a high performance MVMIBs. In this review, we present an overview of COFs, describe advances in topology design and synthetic reactions, and study the application of COFs in MVMIBs, as well as discuss challenges and solutions in the preparation of COFs electrodes, in the hope of providing constructive insights into the future direction of COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Our aim is to investigate the associations of sleep disorders with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (α-syn) in healthy controls (HCs), and patients with prodromal and early Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: We included a total of 575 individuals, consisting of 360 PD individuals, 46 prodromal PD individuals, and 169 HCs. Multiple linear regression models and linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the associations of sleep disorders with baseline and longitudinal CSF α-syn. Associations between the change rates of sleep disorders and CSF α-syn were further investigated via multiple linear regression models. Results: In PD, probable Rapid-eye-movement sleep Behavior Disorder (pRBD) (β = − 0.1199; P = 0.0444) and RBD sub-items, such as aggressive dreams (β = − 0.1652; P = 0.0072) and hurting bed partner (β = − 0.2468; P = 0.0010), contributed to lower CSF α-syn. The association between aggressive dreams and lower CSF α-syn further survived Bonferroni correction (P < 0.0036). In prodromal PD, dream-enacting (a specific RBD behavior) was significantly associated with decreased CSF α-syn during the follow-up (β = − 0.0124; P = 0.0237). HCs with daytime sleepiness when inactive-sitting in public places (β = − 0.0033; P = 0.0135) showed decreased CSF α-syn. Furthermore, increased possibilities of daytime sleepiness when sitting and reading contributed to a greater decrease of CSF α-syn in HCs (β = − 196.8779; P = 0.0433). Conclusions: Sleep disorders were associated with decreased CSF α-syn. Sleep management may be important for disease monitoring and preventing the progression of α-syn pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuse of waste biomass has received more and more attention in recent years due to resource and environmental problems. The development of green, environmentally friendly and cost-effective electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is currently the focus of research as key electrochemical energy storage systems. Herein, a facile strategy is adopted to prepare 3D hierarchical porous carbon anodes for LIBs/SIBs by taking advantage of waste crab shells and iron p-toluenesulfonate. The results show that the reversible specific capacity of the prepared anode could reach 703.2 mAh g−1 in LIBs and 283.2 mAh g−1 in SIBs when the current density is 0.05 A g−1. In addition, the contributions of pseudocapacitance, the kinetic characteristics and the storage mechanisms of lithium/sodium ions are investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques (GITTs). Due to the unique structure, the obtained material displays an excellent electrochemical performance, which lays the foundation for the improvement in the performance of waste biomass in LIBs/SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterostructured catalysts show outstanding performance in electrochemical reactions owing to their beneficial interfacial properties. However, the rational design of heterostructured catalysts with the desired interfacial properties and charge‐transfer characteristics is challenging. Herein, we developed a SrMn3O6−x‐SrMnO3 (SMOx‐SMO) heterostructure through epitaxial growth, which demonstrated excellent electrocatalyst performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The formation of high‐valence Mn3+/4+ is beneficial for promoting a positive shift in the position of the d‐band center, thereby optimizing the adsorption and desorption of ORR intermediates on the heterojunction surface and resulting in improved catalytic activity. When SMOx‐SMO was applied as an air‐electrode catalyst in a rechargeable zinc‐air battery, a high output voltage and power density was achieved, with performance comparable to a battery prepared with Pt/C‐IrO2 air‐electrode catalysts, albeit with much better cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterostructured catalysts show outstanding performance in electrochemical reactions owing to their beneficial interfacial properties. However, the rational design of heterostructured catalysts with the desired interfacial properties and charge‐transfer characteristics is challenging. Herein, we developed a SrMn3O6−x‐SrMnO3 (SMOx‐SMO) heterostructure through epitaxial growth, which demonstrated excellent electrocatalyst performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The formation of high‐valence Mn3+/4+ is beneficial for promoting a positive shift in the position of the d‐band center, thereby optimizing the adsorption and desorption of ORR intermediates on the heterojunction surface and resulting in improved catalytic activity. When SMOx‐SMO was applied as an air‐electrode catalyst in a rechargeable zinc‐air battery, a high output voltage and power density was achieved, with performance comparable to a battery prepared with Pt/C‐IrO2 air‐electrode catalysts, albeit with much better cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) possesses several medicinal properties. However, it is unknown whether HSYA is effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hence, we investigated the effects of HSYA on the inflammation and synovial damage in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by subjecting them to treatment with different doses of HSYA. Our results revealed that HSYA could significantly reduce paw swelling, pathological manifestations, and serum cytokine levels in rats with CIA. The HSYA-treated groups showed increased antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum and decreased expression of inflammatory mediators in the synovial tissues. Furthermore, HSYA treatment inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathway activation. Notably, the highest dose of HSYA (20 mg/kg) exhibited the best effects against RA symptoms. Therefore, our findings suggest that HSYA alleviates the inflammatory response and synovial damage in rats with CIA by inhibiting the ERK signalling pathway. • HSYA alleviated the inflammation and synovial damage in rats with CIA. • HSYA prevented oxidative stress in the blood and synovial tissues of rats with CIA. • HSYA may exert anti-RA effects by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high charge–discharge voltage gap is one of the main bottlenecks of zinc–air batteries (ZABs) because of the kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) on the oxygen electrode side. Thus, an efficient bifunctional catalyst for ORR and OER is highly desired. Herein, honeycomb‐like MnCo2O4.5 spheres were used as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. It was demonstrated that both ORR and OER catalytic activity are promoted by MnIV‐induced oxygen vacancy defects and multiple active sites. Importantly, the multivalent ions present in the material and its defect structure endow stable pseudocapacitance within the inactive region of ORR and OER; as a result, a low charge–discharge voltage gap (0.43 V at 10 mA cm−2) was achieved when it was employed in a flexible hybrid Zn‐based battery. This mechanism provides unprecedented and valuable insights for the development of next‐generation metal–air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirement for lithium-ion batteries is rising sharply in recent years due to rapid development of electric vehicles and new energy storage. However, this increase in number of lithium-ion batteries also leads to the production of a significant number of spent batteries. Considering the potential environment pollution and waste of resources, it is absolutely imperative to recover these spent lithium-ion batteries. Conventional direct regeneration method always undergoes a slow heating rate and prolonged calcination process, which consume high energy and time. Herein, we presented an efficient, low-cost and ultrafast regeneration strategy for rapid regeneration of the spent LiFePO 4 in only 20 s. Compared of traditional method, this ultrafast method consumes less energy and takes shorter time. As a result, the lithium is completely replenished and the structure of LiFePO 4 is well repaired, and it demonstrates excellent initial capacity of 152 mAh g−1 at 0.1C. Furthermore, RLFP-800 exhibits a good rate performance and long-cycling stability (400 cycles at 2C without capacity recession). It is expected that this rapid regeneration strategy can be developed for practical spent LiFePO 4 regeneration at low cost. [Display omitted] • Spent LiFePO 4 is regenerated in 20 s by ultrafast high-temperature treatment. • This high-temperature shock strategy is an efficient and low-cost method. • The regenerated LiFePO 4 cathode shows long cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sleep disorders as a preclinical symptom of synucleinopathies become more prevalent in older adults. Synucleinopathies might be caused by the abnormal aggregation of alpha‐synuclein in the brain, which was indicated by alpha‐synuclein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We aimed to investigate associations of sleep characteristics with CSF alpha‐synuclein in older adults. Methods: Our study recruited 536 cognitively intact individuals (aged between 40 and 90 years old) from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and Lifestyle study. Sleep behaviors were assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and total alpha‐synuclein in CSF was measured by enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay. We used multiple linear and non‐linear regression models for research. Results: Significant non‐linear associations of CSF alpha‐synuclein with sleep time and duration were revealed. Individuals who went to bed and fell asleep too early or late tended to have lower CSF alpha‐synuclein (reflection point for time to bed and fall asleep were 10:26 p.m. and 10:40 p.m.). Lower CSF alpha‐synuclein was also observed in individuals with either excessive or insufficient sleep duration (reflection point: 7.24 hours). Besides, overall poor sleep quality (β = −0.0621; P = 0.0242), longer sleep latency (β = −0.0415; P = 0.0174) and lower sleep efficiency (β = 0.0036; P = 0.0017) showed linear associations with lower CSF alpha‐synuclein. Sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction were not significantly associated with CSF alpha‐synuclein. Interpretation: Poor sleep was associated with lower levels of CSF alpha‐synuclein in older adults, which may provide new insight into the prevention of synucleinopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the power supply of the prosperous new energy products, advanced lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are widely applied to portable energy equipment and large‐scale energy storage systems. To broaden the applicable range, considerable endeavours have been devoted towards improving the energy and power density of LIBs. However, the side reaction caused by the close contact between the electrode (particularly the cathode) and the electrolyte leads to capacity decay and structural degradation, which is a tricky problem to be solved. In order to overcome this obstacle, the researchers focused their attention on electrolyte additives. By adding additives to the electrolyte, the construction of a stable cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) between the cathode and the electrolyte has been proven to competently elevate the overall electrochemical performance of LIBs. However, how to choose electrolyte additives that match different cathode systems ideally to achieve stable CEI layer construction and high‐performance LIBs is still in the stage of repeated experiments and exploration. This article specifically introduces the working mechanism of diverse electrolyte additives for forming a stable CEI layer and summarizes the latest research progress in the application of electrolyte additives for LIBs with diverse cathode materials. Finally, we tentatively set forth recommendations on the screening and customization of ideal additives required for the construction of robust CEI layer in LIBs. We believe this minireview will have a certain reference value for the design and construction of stable CEI layer to realize desirable performance of LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition‐metal oxides as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) provide a promising route to face the energy and environmental crisis issues. Although palmeirite oxide A2Mo3O8 as OER catalyst has been explored, the correlation between its active sites (tetrahedral or octahedral) and OER performance has been elusive. Now, magnetic Co2Mo3O8@NC‐800 composed of highly crystallized Co2Mo3O8 nanosheets and ultrathin N‐rich carbon layer is shown to be an efficient OER catalyst. The catalyst exhibits favorable performance with an overpotential of 331 mV@10 mA cm−2 and 422 mV@40 mA cm−2, and a full water‐splitting electrolyzer with it as anode catalyst shows a cell voltage of 1.67 V@10 mA cm−2 in alkaline. Combined HAADFSTEM, magnetic, and computational results show that factors influencing the OER performance can be attributed to the tetrahedral Co sites (high spin, t23e4), which improve the OER kinetics of rate‐determining step to form *OOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition‐metal oxides as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) provide a promising route to face the energy and environmental crisis issues. Although palmeirite oxide A2Mo3O8 as OER catalyst has been explored, the correlation between its active sites (tetrahedral or octahedral) and OER performance has been elusive. Now, magnetic Co2Mo3O8@NC‐800 composed of highly crystallized Co2Mo3O8 nanosheets and ultrathin N‐rich carbon layer is shown to be an efficient OER catalyst. The catalyst exhibits favorable performance with an overpotential of 331 mV@10 mA cm−2 and 422 mV@40 mA cm−2, and a full water‐splitting electrolyzer with it as anode catalyst shows a cell voltage of 1.67 V@10 mA cm−2 in alkaline. Combined HAADFSTEM, magnetic, and computational results show that factors influencing the OER performance can be attributed to the tetrahedral Co sites (high spin, t23e4), which improve the OER kinetics of rate‐determining step to form *OOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synthetic method for quinoxaline derivatives from the [4+2] annulation of β‐keto sulfoxonium ylides and o‐phenylenediamine by using (Cp*IrCl2)2 catalyst is described. This novel protocol features mild reaction conditions, moderate to excellent yields, wide substrate scope, and high functional‐group compatibility. Moreover, this cyclization strategy was successfully applied in late‐stage modification for structurally complex bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we highlight redox‐inert Zn2+ in spinel‐type oxide (ZnXNi1−XCo2O4) to synergistically optimize physical pore structure and increase the formation of active species on the catalyst surface. The presence of Zn2+ segregation has been identified experimentally and theoretically under oxygen‐evolving condition, the newly formed VZn−O−Co allows more suitable binding interaction between the active center Co and the oxygenated species, resulting in superior ORR performance. Moreover, a liquid flow Zn–air battery is constituted employing the structurally optimized Zn0.4Ni0.6Co2O4 nanoparticles supported on N‐doped carbon nanotube (ZNCO/NCNTs) as an efficient air cathode, which presents remarkable power density (109.1 mW cm−2), high open circuit potential (1.48 V vs. Zn), excellent durability, and high‐rate performance. This finding could elucidate the experimentally observed enhancement in the ORR activity of ZnXNi1−XCo2O4 oxides after the OER test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we highlight redox‐inert Zn2+ in spinel‐type oxide (ZnXNi1−XCo2O4) to synergistically optimize physical pore structure and increase the formation of active species on the catalyst surface. The presence of Zn2+ segregation has been identified experimentally and theoretically under oxygen‐evolving condition, the newly formed VZn−O−Co allows more suitable binding interaction between the active center Co and the oxygenated species, resulting in superior ORR performance. Moreover, a liquid flow Zn–air battery is constituted employing the structurally optimized Zn0.4Ni0.6Co2O4 nanoparticles supported on N‐doped carbon nanotube (ZNCO/NCNTs) as an efficient air cathode, which presents remarkable power density (109.1 mW cm−2), high open circuit potential (1.48 V vs. Zn), excellent durability, and high‐rate performance. This finding could elucidate the experimentally observed enhancement in the ORR activity of ZnXNi1−XCo2O4 oxides after the OER test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic cobalt‐based spinel is sparking much interest, most notably for its excellent bifunctional performance. However, the effect of Fe3+ doping in Co3O4 spinel remains poorly understood, mainly because the surface state of a catalyst is difficult to characterize. Herein, a bifunctional oxygen electrode composed of spinel Co2FeO4/(Co0.72Fe0.28)Td(Co1.28Fe0.72)OctO4 nanoparticles grown on N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) is designed, which exhibits superior performance to state‐of‐the‐art noble metal catalysts. Theoretical calculations and magnetic measurements reveal that the introduction of Fe3+ ions into the Co3O4 network causes delocalization of the Co 3d electrons and spin‐state transition. Fe3+ ions can effectively activate adjacent Co3+ ions under the action of both spin and charge effect, resulting in the enhanced intrinsic oxygen catalytic activity of the hybrid spinel Co2FeO4. This work provides not only a promising bifunctional electrode for zinc–air batteries, but also offers a new insight to understand the Co‐Fe spinel oxides for oxygen electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic cobalt‐based spinel is sparking much interest, most notably for its excellent bifunctional performance. However, the effect of Fe3+ doping in Co3O4 spinel remains poorly understood, mainly because the surface state of a catalyst is difficult to characterize. Herein, a bifunctional oxygen electrode composed of spinel Co2FeO4/(Co0.72Fe0.28)Td(Co1.28Fe0.72)OctO4 nanoparticles grown on N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) is designed, which exhibits superior performance to state‐of‐the‐art noble metal catalysts. Theoretical calculations and magnetic measurements reveal that the introduction of Fe3+ ions into the Co3O4 network causes delocalization of the Co 3d electrons and spin‐state transition. Fe3+ ions can effectively activate adjacent Co3+ ions under the action of both spin and charge effect, resulting in the enhanced intrinsic oxygen catalytic activity of the hybrid spinel Co2FeO4. This work provides not only a promising bifunctional electrode for zinc–air batteries, but also offers a new insight to understand the Co‐Fe spinel oxides for oxygen electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Developing high-efficiency, low-cost and environmental friendly electrode materials for both supercapacitors and overall water splitting are significant for renewable energy storage and conversion. Herein, we report a facile consubstantial growth strategy to fabricate subuliform NiCo 2 S 4 nanorod arrays electrode through an in situ growing process, utilizing self-sacrificial Ni foam as substrate and Ni resource. Benefitting from the unique structures, the subuliform NiCo 2 S 4 nanorods can be directly serve as binder-free, trifunctional electrode for overall water splitting with excellent electrocatalytic activity (oxygen evolution reaction with low overpotential of 220 mV at 30 mA cm−2 and hydrogen evolution reaction with low overpotential of 222 mV at 30 mA cm−2) and also as a promising pseudocapacitance electrode with superior electrochemical performance and good stability (high areal capacitance of 8.85 F cm−2 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and 94.96% capacitive retention after 10000 cycles). The present work highlights the remarkable advantages of the self-sacrificial strategy for the design of high-performance multifunctional electrode materials. Highlights • The NiCo 2 S 4 nanorod arrays are fabricated by an in situ hydrothermal process. • The integrated configuration of NiCo 2 S 4 can greatly facilitate electron transfer. • The obtained NiCo 2 S 4 electrode exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: MITF, TFE3, TFEB and TFEC belong to the same microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor family (MiT). Two transcription factors in this family have been identified in two unusual types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Xp11 translocation RCC harbouring TFE3 gene fusions and t(6;11) RCC harbouring a MALAT1–TFEB gene fusion. The 2016 World Health Organisation classification of renal neoplasia grouped these two neoplasms together under the category of MiT family translocation RCC. RCCs associated with the other two MiT family members, MITF and TFEC, have rarely been reported. Herein, we identify a case of MITF translocation RCC with the novel PRCC–MITF gene fusion by RNA sequencing. Methods and results: Histological examination of the present tumour showed typical features of MiT family translocation RCCs, overlapping with Xp11 translocation RCC and t(6;11) RCC. However, this tumour showed negative results in TFE3 and TFEB immunochemistry and split fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) assays. The other MiT family members, MITF and TFEC, were tested further immunochemically and also showed negative results. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of a PRCC–MITF gene fusion: a fusion of PRCC exon 5 to MITF exon 4. We then developed FISH assays covering MITF break‐apart probes and PRCC–MITF fusion probes to detect the MITF gene rearrangement. Conclusions: This study both proves the recurring existence of MITF translocation RCC and expands the genotype spectrum of MiT family translocation RCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treponema pallidum (Tp) has a well-known ability to evade the immune system and can cause neurosyphilis by invading the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS that are essential for host defense against pathogens, this study aims to investigate the interaction between Tp and microglia and the potential mechanism. Here, we found that Tp can exert significant toxic effects on microglia in vivo in Tg (mpeg1: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos. Single-cell RNA sequencing results showed that Tp downregulated autophagy-related genes in human HMC3 microglial cells, which is negatively associated with apoptotic gene expression. Biochemical and cell biology assays further established that Tp inhibits microglial autophagy by interfering with the autophagosome-lysosome fusion process. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis, Tp activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling to inhibit the nuclear translocation of TFEB, leading to decreased lysosomal biogenesis and accumulated autophagosome. Importantly, the inhibition of autophagosome formation reversed Tp-induced apoptosis and promoted microglial clearance of Tp. Taken together, these findings show that Tp blocks autophagic flux by inhibiting TFEB-mediated lysosomal biosynthesis in human microglia. Autophagosome accumulation was demonstrated to be a key mechanism underlying the effects of Tp in promoting apoptosis and preventing itself from clearing by human microglia. This study offers novel perspectives on the potential mechanism of immune evasion employed by Tp within CNS. The results not only establish the pivotal role of autophagy dysregulation in the detrimental effects of Tp on microglial cells but also bear considerable implications for the development of therapeutic strategies against Tp, specifically involving mTORC1 inhibitors and autophagosome formation inhibitors, in the context of neurosyphilis patients. Author summary: Treponema pallidum (Tp) is the causative agent of syphilis and poses a significant threat to the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurosyphilis. Given Tp's remarkable ability to circumvent host immune defenses, comprehending its immune evasion mechanisms within the CNS is of paramount importance to devise effective treatment strategies for neurosyphilis. This study aimed to explore the interplay between Tp and microglia, vital immune cells residing in the CNS. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses revealed considerable toxicity of Tp on microglia. Furthermore, Tp infection was found to impede lysosomal biosynthesis, leading to a diminished pool of lysosomes available for autophagosome fusion. Consequently, the autophagic flux was disrupted, resulting in the accumulation of autophagosomes. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of autophagosome accumulation as a key mechanism exploited by Tp to promote microglial cell apoptosis and evade clearance within the human CNS. This investigation sheds new light on the potential immune evasion strategies employed by Tp in the CNS context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminium ion batteries, covalent organic frameworks, energy storage, magnesium ion batteries, zinc ion batteries Keywords: aluminium ion batteries; covalent organic frameworks; energy storage; magnesium ion batteries; zinc ion batteries EN aluminium ion batteries covalent organic frameworks energy storage magnesium ion batteries zinc ion batteries 1 1 1 02/01/23 20230127 NES 230127 B Covalent organic frameworks b (COFs) have the virtues of available monomers, multiple conformations and various linkages, and hence offer an opportunity for complex structural design and specific functional development, which can facilitate the electrochemical properties of multi-valent metal ion batteries (MVMIBs). Frontispiece: Advanced Covalent Organic Frameworks for Multi-Valent Metal Ion Batteries. [Extracted from the article]

Recently, an increasing number of TFE3 rearrangement-associated tumours have been reported, such as TFE3 rearrangement-associated perivascular epithelioid cell tumours ( PEComas), melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancers and melanotic Xp11 neoplasms. We have suggested that these tumours belong to a single clinicopathological spectrum. 'Xp11 neoplasm with melanocytic differentiation' or 'melanotic Xp11 neoplasm' have been proposed to designate this unique neoplasm. Herein, we describe the first case of an Xp11 neoplasm with melanocytic differentiation to be described in the prostate, bearing the novel NONO- TFE3 gene fusion. This study both adds to the spectrum regarding melanotic Xp11 neoplasms and expands its gene fusion spectrum. Moreover, we discuss the relationship of these rare tumours to neoplasms such as conventional PEComas, alveolar soft part sarcomas, malignant melanomas, clear cell sarcomas and Xp11 translocation renal cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new 1-D calcium complex [Ca(H2bptc)(H2O)3]n(1) (H4bptc = biphenyl-2,3,3′,5′-tetracarboxylic acid) were obtained by hydrothermal reaction. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that complex1crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 14.3376(13), b = 11.3116(10), c = 11.9099(11), β = 114.0740(10), V = 1763.6(3)Å3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.591 g·cm−3, μ = 0.417 mm−1,F(000) = 872, and the final R1= 0.0310, wR2= 0.0812 for I>2σ(I). Central Ca(II) ion is seven-coordinated and exhibits a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. Additionally, the IR, TG, UV-Vis absorption, and luminescence properties of1have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MUC1, a member of the mucin family, is expressed in tumors of various human organs and may function as an antiadhesion molecule that inhibits cell-to-cell adhesion, inducing tumor metastasis, and served as a potential biomarker of tumor progression in early gastric cancer. However, its prognostic significance in gastric cancer is still in dispute. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between MUC1 expression and prognosis of gastric cancer. A total of ten eligible studies with 834 cases and 548 controls were included. MUC1 positive cases were highly positive in intestinal-type carcinomas (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.27–2.44, P=0.0008 fixed-effect), higher rate of vascular invasion (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13–2.39, P=0.009 fixed-effect), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.20–3.67, P=0.01 random-effect), as well as lower 5-year survival rate (HR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11–0.66, P=0.004 random-effect). However, the presence of MUC1 was not associated with gender, tumor size, histologic differentiation, and clinical stage. In summary, MUC1 is a prognostic factor in gastric cancer, which acts as a marker of poor outcome in patients with gastric cancer. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the role of MUC1 in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-type Si (111) wafers have been processed by high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment with an increasing number of irradiation (1, 10 and 20 pulses). The results of this work show that a highly porous nanostructure was formed after irradiation. Moreover, the high-density Si nanocrystals (Si-ncs) about 3 nm were distributed on the surface of Si wafers and exhibited 3.02 eV Photoluminescence (PL) emission in blue band. The PL intensity increases with the increase in the Si-ncs' density in accordance with the quantum confinement model, which can be ascribed to the different pulse time of HCPEB treatment. The possible formation mechanisms of micropores and Si-ncs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient biosurfactant producers with hydrocarbon degradation capability and harsh environment adaptability are precious bioresources for microbial enhanced oil recovery and petroleum-related bioremediation. In this study, a novel facultative-halophilic strain Bacillus sp. XT-2 was isolated and shown to degrade long-chain hydrocarbons along with lipopeptide biosurfactants production. The biosurfactants exhibited remarkable surface activity and emulsification ability against different hydrocarbons with emulsification index of 73%–87%. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method combined with genome sequencing was used to identify the lipopeptide biosurfactants and their corresponding synthetic gene clusters. The results showed that the lipopeptides could be classified to the isoforms and homologs of bacillibactin, fengycin, and surfactin, and strain XT-2 possessed their entire core synthetic genes. Artificial core-flooding experiments demonstrated both cultures of XT-2 and its biosurfactant could significantly increase the oil recovery by 13.43%–25.01%. These findings indicate the novel strain XT-2 and its lipopeptides have great potentials in environmental remediation and petroleum development. [Display omitted] • A novel facultative-halophilic strain XT-2 was isolated from oil reservoir. • The strain can convert long chain n-alkanes to lipopeptide biosurfactants. • Gene clusters responded for the biosurfactants synthesis were identified. • The biosurfactants with various structures show great oil emulsification ability. • Strain XT-2 and its biosurfactant enhanced 13.43%–25.01% of waxy oil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of RE (Sm, Nd, Pr and Ho)-doped Rh@NSPC (NSPC stands for N, S co-doped porous carbon nanosheets) are prepared by a simple joule-heat pyrolysis method for the first time. The optimized Sm-Rh@NSPC achieves highly efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution with superior electrocatalytic property. [Display omitted] • RE (Sm, Nd, Pr and Ho)-doped Rh@NSPC are prepared by joule-heat pyrolysis method. • Collaborative electronic interactions between Sm and Rh clusters. • The overpotential of Sm-Rh@NSPC is merely 18.1 mV at current density of 10 mAcm−2. The unique electronic and crystal structures of rare earth metals (RE) offer promising opportunities for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) properties of materials. In this work, a series of RE (Sm, Nd, Pr and Ho)-doped Rh@NSPC (NSPC stands for N, S co-doped porous carbon nanosheets) with sizes less than 2 nm are prepared, utilizing a simple, rapid and solvent-free joule-heat pyrolysis method for the first time. The optimized Sm-Rh@NSPC achieves HER performance. The high-catalytic performance and stability of Sm-Rh@NSPC are attributed to the synergistic electronic interactions between Sm and Rh clusters, leading to an increase in the electron cloud density of Rh, which promotes the adsorption of H+, the dissociation of Rh-H bonds and the release of H 2. Notably, the overpotential of the Sm-Rh@NSPC catalyst is a mere 18.1 mV at current density of 10 mAcm−2, with a Tafel slope of only 15.2 mV dec-1. Furthermore, it exhibits stable operation in a 1.0 M KOH electrolyte at 10 mA cm−2 for more than 100 h. This study provides new insights into the synthesis of composite RE hybrid cluster nanocatalysts and their RE-enhanced electrocatalytic performance. It also introduces fresh perspectives for the development of efficient electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ball milling modification endows the expanded graphite with smaller grain size and smaller specific surface area. The increase of defects is beneficial for the adsorption of potassium ions on the surface of expanded graphite. In situ XRD demonstrated that defects promote the staging reaction, resulting in higher potassium ion intercalation voltage, slower diffusion kinetics, and more thorough stage mechanism. [Display omitted] • Ball milled samples indicate that defects are beneficial for the insertion of potassium ions between graphite layers, promoting the progress of stage reactions. • The thorough stage reactions provide the sample with superior capacity and rate performance. • The diluted stage reacts at a relative higher voltage promoted by defects, resulting in higher average voltages for defect-rich sample. Expanded graphite (EG) stands out as a promising material for the negative electrode in potassium-ion batteries. However, its full potential is hindered by the limited diffusion pathway and storage sites for potassium ions, restricting the improvement of its electrochemical performance. To overcome this challenge, defect engineering emerges as a highly effective strategy to enhance the adsorption and reaction kinetics of potassium ions on electrode materials. This study delves into the specific effectiveness of defects in facilitating potassium storage, exploring the impact of defect-rich structures on dynamic processes. Employing ball milling, we introduce surface defects in EG, uncovering unique effects on its electrochemical behavior. These defects exhibit a remarkable ability to adsorb a significant quantity of potassium ions, facilitating the subsequent intercalation of potassium ions into the graphite structure. Consequently, this process leads to a higher potassium voltage. Furthermore, the generation of a diluted stage compound is more pronounced under high voltage conditions, promoting the progression of multiple stage reactions. Consequently, the EG sample post-ball milling demonstrates a notable capacity of 286.2 mAh g-1 at a current density of 25 mA g−1, showcasing an outstanding rate capability that surpasses that of pristine EG. This research not only highlights the efficacy of defect engineering in carbon materials but also provides unique insights into the specific manifestations of defects on dynamic processes, contributing to the advancement of potassium-ion battery technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D compounds exfoliated from weakly bonded bulk materials with van der Waals (vdW) interaction are easily accessible. However, the strong internal ionic/covalent bonding of most inorganic crystal frameworks greatly hinders 2D material exfoliation. Herein, we first proposed a radical/strain‐synergistic strategy to exfoliate non‐vdW interacting pseudo‐layered phosphate framework. Specifically, hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) distort the covalent bond irreversibly, meanwhile, H2O molecules as solvents, further accelerating interlayered ionic bond breakage but mechanical expansion. The innovative 2D laminar NASICON‐type Na3V2(PO4)2O2F crystal, exfoliated by ⋅OH/H2O synergistic strategy, exhibits enhanced sodium‐ion storage capacity, high‐rate performance (85.7 mAh g−1 at 20 C), cyclic life (2300 cycles), and ion migration rates, compared with the bulk framework. Importantly, this chemical/physical dual driving technique realized the effective exfoliation for strongly coupled pseudo‐layered frameworks, which accelerates 2D functional material development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is very interesting that the only extant marine amphibian is the marine frog, Fejervarya cancrivora. This study investigated the reasons for this apparent rarity by conducting a phylogenetic tree analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes from 14 amphibians, 67 freshwater fishes, four migratory fishes, 35 saltwater fishes, and one hemichordate. The results showed that amphibians, living fossil fishes, and the common ancestors of modern fishes are phylogenetically separated. In general, amphibians, living fossil fishes, saltwater fishes, and freshwater fishes are clustered in different clades. This suggests that the ancestor of living amphibians arose from a type of primordial freshwater fish, rather than the coelacanth, lungfish, or modern saltwater fish. Modern freshwater fish and modern saltwater fish were probably separated from a common ancestor by a single event, caused by crustal movement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Thrombin plays an important role in brain injuries associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 is responsible for the vast majority of the thrombin''s cellular activation functions. We tested the hypothesis that thrombin-induced brain damage after ICH, at least in part, is mediated by PAR-1. We report that there are significant differences between PAR-1 positive cell number and PAR-1 mRNA absorbance ratio between ICH model group (at 6h, 24h, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d) and normal group (P <0.05). These results suggest that the long-time course of PAR-1 expression may be partly involved in the mechanism of thrombin-induced brain damage after ICH. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Diversiform ways of intercellular communication are vital links in maintaining homeostasis and disseminating physiological states. Among intercellular bridges, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) discovered in 2004 were recognized as potential pharmacology targets related to the pathogenesis of common or infrequent neurodegenerative disorders. The neurotoxic aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases including scrapie prion protein (PrPSc), mutant tau protein, amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) as well as mutant Huntington (mHTT) protein could promote TNT formation via certain physiological mechanisms, in turn, mediating the intercellular transmission of neurotoxicity. In this review, we described in detail the skeleton, the formation, the physicochemical properties, and the functions of TNTs, while paying particular attention to the key role of TNTs in the transport of pathological proteins during neurodegeneration. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the effect of repeated application of low-level stress to the tail tendons of wallabies. Ability of fatigue to rupture tail tendons; Difference with creep ruptures; Role of tendon fatigue under natural conditions.

Background: Maxillofacial soft tissue injuries (STIs) are common and frequent in emergency departments. The aim of this study was to analyze factors causing infection of maxillofacial STIs. Patients and Methods: Patients with maxillofacial STIs who received sutures and had complete medical records were evaluated. Gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, diabetes mellitus, wound age, wound length, wound contamination, wound type, and sites were analyzed using univariable analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: There were 3,276 cases included. In the univariable analysis, there was no significant difference in the infection rate between genders or between the wound age groups. In binary logistic regression, age, wound length, wound type, and physician level were risk factors for infection: age of 18-44 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-2.9), 44-64 years (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.3-4.3), and ≥65 years (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7-4.1); wound length of 4-8 cm (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2) and >8 cm (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.1); intra-oral wounds (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4) and communicating wounds (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.3-4.4); junior specialists (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2); and lip (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.1-12.0) and cheek (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.3-17.1) sites. Wound contamination, ASA grade, and diabetes mellitus were not significantly different from wound infection in binary regression analysis. Conclusions: Age (>18 years old), wound length (>4 cm), intra-oral wounds, communicating wounds, suturing by junior surgeons, and lip or cheek injuries may be risk factors for maxillofacial STI infection. Even if the penetrating wound age exceeds 24 hours, it is meaningful to suture if there is no serious infection. For wounds at high risk of infection, further measures should be considered to reduce the possibility of infection, such as improving the surgical training of junior surgeons and improving the patient's wound care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontispiz: Coupling Magnetic Single-Crystal Co2Mo3O8 with Ultrathin Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Layer for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Keywords: active sites; magnetic materials; oxygen evolution reaction; single-crystal Co2Mo3O8; Td Co2+ EN active sites magnetic materials oxygen evolution reaction single-crystal Co2Mo3O8 Td Co2+ 1 1 1 07/08/20 20200713 NES 200713 B Elektrokatalyse b Die Synthese eines Kompositmaterials aus Co SB 2 sb Mo SB 3 sb O SB 8 sb und stickstoffreichem Kohlenstoff sowie dessen katalytische Aktivität in der Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion wird von Z.-Q. Active sites, magnetic materials, oxygen evolution reaction, single-crystal Co2Mo3O8, Td Co2+. [Extracted from the article]

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a novel entity of rare tumors with only 10 cases reported in the literature. Three RCC cases bearing VCL-ALK gene fusion were all young African American patients and associated with sickle cell trait notably. In contrast to the 3 reported cases, this neoplasm occurred in a middle-age woman (57 years old) without any evidence of sickle cell trait and demonstrated an infiltrating growth pattern with tubular, tubulopapillary, and tubulocystic structures, overlapping with collecting duct carcinoma and renal medullary carcinoma. Abundant intraluminal mucin was also noted significantly in the histologic sections. Immunostaining showed strong membranous labeling for ALK protein. We applied a large panel-targeted next-generation sequencing to explore the molecular alterations in the current case, revealing a driver oncogene VCL-ALK gene fusion co-occurring with pathogenic mutations in EP300 and TRRAP genes. Thereafter, fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was used to detect the ALK gene rearrangement. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of a VCL-ALK gene fusion, a fusion of VCL exon 16 to ALK exon 20. Our report draws the attention to the possibility that VCL-ALK genotype can be involved in older patients unassociated with sickle cell trait, also expanding the spectrum to ALK -rearranged RCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innenrücktitelbild: Redox-Inert Fe3+ Ions in Octahedral Sites of Co-Fe Spinel Oxides with Enhanced Oxygen Catalytic Activity for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries (Angew. Keywords: Cobaltferrit; Sauerstoffentwicklung; Sauerstoffreduktion; Spinelle; Zink-Luft-Batterien Cobaltferrit, Sauerstoffentwicklung, Sauerstoffreduktion, Spinelle, Zink-Luft-Batterien. [Extracted from the article]

Background/Aims: Maxillofacial soft tissue injuries (STIs) may differ in epidemiological characteristics from other maxillofacial injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of maxillofacial STIs in a public oral emergency department in Beijing, China, from 2017 to 2018. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 5949 patients with maxillofacial STIs and complete medical records were evaluated. Gender, age, etiology, visit date and time, interval between accident and treatment, anatomic injury site, treatment modality, and the number of associated maxillofacial bone fractures or tooth injuries were analyzed. Result: There were 3831 males and 2118 females (ratio 1.81:1). Patients younger than 10 years were the most frequently seen group (44.2%). Among adults, 20‐ to 29‐years‐old (16.2%) was the most prominent age group. The month of May (11.8%) had the highest incidence of maxillofacial STIs, and February (4.5%) had the lowest incidence. The average number of daily visits was significantly higher on holidays than on workdays. Of the 5949 patients, 45.9% attended at night, 2021 patients had dental trauma, and 31 had jaw fractures. The lips were the most common site of STIs, followed by the chin and gingiva. Lip and gingival STIs were more common in the 0‐ to 10‐years‐old group. Chin STIs were more common in the 20‐ to 39‐years‐old group. A fall was the leading cause of injury, especially in patients younger than 10 years and older than 70 years. Approximately 56.7% of the falls resulted in injuries to the lower one‐third of the face. Sports injuries were more common among 10‐ to 29‐years‐old individuals. Conclusion: STIs of the maxillofacial region were most likely to occur at night, in May and during holidays. Males, children younger than 10 years and 20‐ to 29‐years‐old adults were high‐risk populations. Most maxillofacial STIs involved the lips, and one‐third of the patients had dental trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most effective ways to cope with the problems of global warming and the energy shortage crisis is to develop renewable and clean energy sources. To achieve a carbon‐neutral energy cycle, advanced carbon sequestration technologies are urgently needed, but because CO2 is a thermodynamically stable molecule with the highest carbon valence state of +4, this process faces many challenges. In recent years, electrochemical CO2 reduction has become a promising approach to fix and convert CO2 into high‐value‐added fuels and chemical feedstock. However, the large‐scale commercial use of electrochemical CO2 reduction systems is hindered by poor electrocatalyst activity, large overpotential, low energy conversion efficiency, and product selectivity in reducing CO2. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rationally design highly efficient, stable, and scalable electrocatalysts to alleviate these problems. This minireview also aims to classify heterogeneous nanostructured electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CDRR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO/CdS photoanode with an excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance for water splitting to produce hydrogen, but its practical application is seriously hindered owing to the photocorrosion induced by photoholes on the surface of CdS. Herein, a 3D cross-linked heterostructure ZnO/CdS/BiOI nanorod arrays (NRAs) has been prepared by a simple solvothermal strategy. Under visible light illumination (λ > 420 nm), the ZnO/CdS/BiOI NRAs photoanode shows an excellent PEC activity and generates a photocurrent density of 9.12 mA cm−2 at 1.1 V vs. RHE, which is 1.8 times higher than that of the ZnO/CdS NRAs photoanode in the alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, the photoanode achieves a high photo conversion efficiency of 3.49% and a long-time stability over 6000 s. It is proposed that the BiOI nanosheets not only serve as protecting layer to restrain the photocorrosion of CdS, but also facilitate the charge separation in CdS by the virtue of the p-n junction formed between CdS and BiOI. • 3D cross-linked heterostructure ZnO/CdS/BiOI nanorod arrays (NRAs) has been prepared. • The BiOI nanosheets can restrain the photocorrosion of CdS and facilitate the charge separation. • The ZnO/CdS/BiOI NRAs photoanode shows high photo conversion efficiency of 3.49% and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the favorable ionic conductivity and structural stability, sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) materials especially utilizing multivalent redox reaction of vanadium are one of the most promising cathodes in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). To further boost their application in large‐scale energy storage production, a rational strategy is to tailor vanadium with earth‐abundant and cheap elements (such as Fe, Mn), reducing the cost and toxicity of vanadium‐based NASICON materials. Here, the Na3.05V1.03Fe0.97(PO4)3 (NVFP) is synthesized with highly conductive Ketjen Black (KB) by ball‐milling assisted sol‐gel method. The pearl‐like KB branch chains encircle the NVFP (p‐NVFP), the segregated particles possess promoted overall conductivity, balanced charge, and modulated crystal structure during electrochemical progress. The p‐NVFP obtains significantly enhanced ion diffusion ability and low volume change (2.99%). Meanwhile, it delivers a durable cycling performance (87.7% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at 5 C) in half cells. Surprisingly, the full cells of p‐NVFP reveal a remarkable capability of 84.9 mAh g−1 at 20 C with good cycling performance (capacity decay rate is 0.016% per cycle at 2 C). The structure modulation of the p‐NVFP provides a rational design on the superiority of others to be put into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]