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Comprehensive Summary: Iron‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Fe‐MOFs) have attracted extensive interest from researchers due to their tunability, favorable properties, and chemical versatility. Compared with conventional porous materials, Fe‐MOFs exhibit better performance in a wide variety of applications. Herein, the structures of Fe‐MOFs are summarized to explore potential structures based on isoreticular chemistry, as well as the recent research progress in their synthesis and multifunctional applications. The rapid development of Fe‐MOFs has broadened the application range of Fe‐MOFs, and a brief description of Fe‐MOF applications in gas storage and separation, catalysis, bioimaging, and magnetism is outlined, with the aim to expand the prospects of Fe‐MOFs in more practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an opportunity to improve the health literacy of rural residents. This study aims to explore the levels of health literacy among rural residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the effects of COVID-19-related variables on the health literacy of rural residents. A total of 882 rural residents aged 15–69 years in Shaanxi province participated in this study and completed the questionnaires about health literacy and COVID-19-related variables. These results showed that although overall health literacy and three aspects of health literacy among rural residents were low and lower than those of Chinese national residents, there was no significant difference in health literacy about safety and emergency between rural residents and Chinese national residents. Additionally, COVID-19-related variables significantly predicted health literacy (i.e. scientific health, safety and emergency and infectious disease prevention). Importantly, unlike other types of health literacy, the effect of a COVID-19-related variable (i.e. the frequency of exposure to news about the COVID-19 pandemic) on infectious disease prevention was only slightly smaller than the effect of high education on infectious disease prevention, and low education was no longer a significant predictor of infectious disease prevention. To conclude, rural residents in Shaanxi province have low health literacy. Education is a major factor affecting the health literacy of rural residents, and the frequency of exposure to news about the pandemic may compensate for the negative impact of low education on health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although numerous studies have suggested a negative correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and allergies, there has been limited research on the relationship between H. pylori infections and atopic dermatitis (AD). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of H. pylori infection in an AD mouse model and identify potential mechanisms related to type 2 immunity, skin barrier defects, and pruritus. Methods: A model of AD-like symptoms was established with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) after infection of the gastric cavity with H. pylori. Analysis of the expression of key inflammatory cytokines and serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) was based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. The evaluation of STAT1, STAT3, phosphorylated STAT1 (phospho-STAT1), and phosphorylated STAT3 (phospho-STAT1) expression levels in skin lesions was performed using western blot. Results: The present study showed that the H. pylori-positive AD group (HP+AD+) exhibited milder skin lesions, including erythema, erosion, swelling, and scaling, than the H. pylori-negative AD group (HP−AD+). Additionally, HP+AD+ displayed lower levels of IgE in serum, and downregulated expression of interleukins 4 and 31 (IL-4 and IL-31) in serum. Furthermore, HP+AD+ demonstrated higher expression of filaggrin and loricrin than HP−AD+. Notably, H. pylori significantly reduced the amount of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection negatively regulates the inflammatory response by affecting inflammatory factors in the immune response, and repairs the defective epidermal barrier function. In addition, H. pylori infection may reduce IL-31, thereby alleviating pruritus. These effects may be associated with the inhibition of JAK–STAT signaling activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of functionalized phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared, and the solubility of CO2 in DESs was determined at temperatures from 303.15 K to 333.15 K and pressures from 200 to 2500 kPa. The experimental results show that the addition of carboxyl, hydroxyl, or amino functional groups to the alkyl chain of phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL) can improve the solubility of CO2 in DESs. With the use of the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model, the solubility data for the {CO2 + DESs} system were correlated, and the average relative deviation (ARD%) between the calculated and experimental values was less than 5%. The maximum absorption of CO2 was shown by 1-carboxyethyltributylphosphonium bromide–diethylene glycol ([P4,4,4,2COOH][Br]-DEG), whose mole fraction of CO2 was 0.5335 at 303.15 K and 2500 kPa. At the same time, [P4,4,4,2COOH][Br]-DEG can still maintain high-CO2 absorption performance after five cycles of absorption and desorption, indicating that the DES had good cycle stability. In addition, the interaction energy between CO2 and four DESs was determined by density functional theory (DFT), and the chemical bond and weak interaction were revealed by interaction region indicator (IRI), to clarify the absorption mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internal pore structure of the porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering and the pressure and velocity distributions of its flow field affect the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. The permeability of the porous scaffold determines its ability to transport cellular nutrients and metabolites. Therefore, studying the fluid flow characteristics of the porous scaffold plays a vital role in its biological applications. Heterogeneous porous scaffolds (HPS) with irregular internal pore structure have more bionic characteristics of natural structure than uniform porous scaffolds with regular internal pore structure. In order to comprehensively grasp the biological properties of HPS, this article designed HPS with different porosities based on the Voronoi generation method and random theory, and then used computational fluid dynamics (CFD)software to conduct fluid flow simulations. The velocity and pressure distribution rules of the internal flow field of HPS with different porosities were obtained by CFD simulation analysis, and the relationship between the porosity and the distribution rules was studied. Furthermore, the permeabilities of HPS with different porosities were calculated based on Darcy's law, and the influence rule of porosity on the permeability was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and methanol is of great significance in industry. In this study, ionic liquids (ILs) were employed as extractants for the efficient separation of methanol from DMC. Using the COSMO-RS model, the extraction performance of ILs consisting of 22 anions and 15 cations was calculated, and the results showed that the extraction performance of ILs with hydroxylamine as the cation was much better. The extraction mechanism of these functionalized ILs was analyzed by molecular interaction and the σ-profile method. The results showed that the hydrogen bonding energy dominated the interaction force between the IL and methanol, and the molecular interaction between the IL and DMC was mainly Van der Waals force. The molecular interaction changes with the type of anion and cation, which in turn affects the extraction performance of ILs. Five hydroxyl ammonium ILs were screened and synthesized for extraction experiments to verify the reliability of the COSMO-RS model. The results showed that the order of selectivity of ILs predicted by the COSMO-RS model was consistent with the experimental results, and ethanolamine acetate ([MEA][Ac]) had the best extraction performance. After four regeneration and reuse cycles, the extraction performance of [MEA][Ac] was not notably reduced, and it is expected to have industrial applications in the separation of methanol and DMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone tissue engineering plays an extremely important role in the clinical treatment of bone defects. Porous scaffold is one of the three essential factors of bone tissue engineering, and its structural design has attracted more and more attention. At present, most of the design methods of porous scaffolds focus on uniform porous scaffolds with periodic and regular pore structures. However, periodic and regular pore structure cannot comprehensively and accurately simulate the microstructures and mechanical properties of natural bone. To address this problem, based on bone slice images and VT (Voronoi‐Tessellation) method, this article proposed a design method of HPS (Heterogeneous Porous Scaffolds) with bionic pore structure and controllable porosity. The FDM (fused deposition modeling) printing technology was applied to fabricate HPS with different porosities, and the mechanical properties of the HPS were analyzed by experiments. The research results illustrate that the HPS constructed by the design method proposed in this article have good controllability, and their internal pore structures are highly similar to those of natural bone, which have biomimetic characteristics. The mechanical property analysis illustrate that the stiffness and compressive strength of HPS decrease with the increase of porosity, in addition, the heterogeneous pore distribution makes HPS have the characteristics of non‐concentrated and discontinuous damage distribution. This study provides a new idea for the design of porous scaffolds and a theoretical basis for the bionic design of HPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the skin moisturizing performance of aloe viscose fiber seamless knitted fabric, this experiment takes the different yarn-blending ratios of aloe viscose fiber and viscose fiber, as well as three different tissue structures as factors, establishes a sample scheme according to full factor experimental tests on skin hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) after the sample fabric had been wrapped around the skin, and uses two-way and one-way ANOVA in SPSS and the Duncan multiple comparison method. The test data were analyzed to study the influence of different materials and the structure of the veil on the moisture retention of the fabric. The results show that the sample scheme with the largest change rate of skin hydration is when the raw material of the veil is aloe viscose/viscose 100/0 yarn, and the structure is 1 + 3 simulated rib. The sample scheme with the minimum change rate of TEWL is when aloe viscose/viscose 75/25 yarn is used as the raw material of the veil, and the structure is 1 + 1 simulated rib, which provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of moisturizing knitted fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topochemical polymerizations hold the promise of producing high molecular weight and stereoregular single crystalline polymers by first aligning monomers before polymerization. However, monomer modifications often alter the crystal packing and result in non‐reactive polymorphs. Here, we report a systematic study on the side chain functionalization of the bis(indandione) derivative system that can be polymerized under visible light. Precisely engineered side chains help organize the monomer crystals in a one‐dimensional fashion to maintain the topochemical reactivity. By optimizing the side chain length and end group of monomers, the elastic modulus of the resulting polymer single crystals can also be greatly enhanced. Lastly, using ultrasonication, insoluble polymer single crystals can be processed into free‐standing and robust polymer thin films. This work provides new insights on the molecular design of topochemical reactions and paves the way for future applications of this fascinating family of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topochemical polymerizations hold the promise of producing high molecular weight and stereoregular single crystalline polymers by first aligning monomers before polymerization. However, monomer modifications often alter the crystal packing and result in non‐reactive polymorphs. Here, we report a systematic study on the side chain functionalization of the bis(indandione) derivative system that can be polymerized under visible light. Precisely engineered side chains help organize the monomer crystals in a one‐dimensional fashion to maintain the topochemical reactivity. By optimizing the side chain length and end group of monomers, the elastic modulus of the resulting polymer single crystals can also be greatly enhanced. Lastly, using ultrasonication, insoluble polymer single crystals can be processed into free‐standing and robust polymer thin films. This work provides new insights on the molecular design of topochemical reactions and paves the way for future applications of this fascinating family of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The insertion of pillar ligands of UPC-190 series MOFs can lead to changes in the interpenetrating structure. The degree of interpenetration can be managed by introducing different pillars. • Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the fluorine atom on pillar ligands is an effective interaction site for C 2 H 2 molecules. This means that fluorine atoms can act as active sites that interact with C 2 H 2 molecules, thereby influencing their adsorption behavior. • The formation of interpenetrating structures and the stepwise fluorination strategy gradually improve the IAST selectivity and C 2 H 2 uptake of the sample. This strategy proves guidance for designing MOFs for challenging gas separations. The efficient separation of C 2 H 2 /CO 2 possesses great commercial and research value and remains challenging due to their similar molecular sizes and physical properties. Functionalization is a powerful strategy for precisely regulating the pore environment of porous adsorbents, notably metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), for recognizing target molecules. Here, we construct three interpenetrated MOFs using a stepwise fluorinated pillar-ligand strategy. Interestingly, the degree of interpenetration can be managed by introducing different pillars. The unique interpenetrating structure cooperates with fluorine-rich pore environment significantly improves the C 2 H 2 uptake and the C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation selectivity. The optimized difluorine-functionalized UPC-193 exhibits the highest C 2 H 2 adsorption capacity (80.45 cm3/g) and separation efficiency (C 2 H 2 /CO 2 uptake ratio of 1.9) among UPC-190 systems at ambient conditions. Ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) calculations, molecular modeling studies, and breakthrough experiments comprehensively demonstrate that UPC-193 is an effective MOF adsorbent for equimolar C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation. The stepwise pillar-ligand fluorination strategy proves to be an effective approach to extend the functionality of MOFs for challenging gas separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illegal addition of bovine- and ovine/caprine-derived ingredients into ruminant feeds would increase the risk of spreading transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). In this study, a nuclear DNA sequence with 18-bp deletion in ovine/caprine genomes was screened for specific detection of bovine- and ovine/caprine-derived ingredients in ruminant feeds. A universal primer distinguishable PCR (UP-D-PCR) method based on these sequence differences was then established, which is capable of simultaneously identifying and distinguishing bovine (125 bp) and ovine/caprine (107 bp) in one reaction, with a sensitivity of 0.1 ng DNA or 1% meat and bone meal (MBM). The specificity of UP-D-PCR was strictly tested with 20 animal species and 3 feed materials, and the stability and reliability were adequately evaluated in different individuals of 4 bovine species and 5 ovine/caprine breeds. The co-detection ability of UP-D-PCR method was further confirmed in binary meat mixture samples. Five commercial feed samples were accurately analyzed by the UP-D-PCR method, showing good applicability. The method developed in this study will provide an accurate, efficient, and low-cost technology to combat illegal addition in ruminant feeds and protect human and livestock health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores the potential role of a highly selective caspase-1 inhibitor, VX-765, on extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: DN rats, induced via high-fat diet/streptozotocin, were used to assess the effects of VX-765. Parallel experiments were carried out on rat mesangial cell line HBZY-1 exposed to high glucose (HG) to reveal the molecular mechanism of VX-765 in preventing DN. Survival analysis, biochemical parameters and renal oxidative stress of rats were observed, and Western blotting and immunofluorescence were evaluated. In vitro, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX)1 silencing by RNA interference and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were conducted in HBZY-1 cells exposed to HG levels. Key findings: In vivo, VX-765 significantly reduced the increase in urine albumin excretion and ECM accumulation. The phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphorylation of NF-κB and the expression of the NOX1 gene or protein were significantly decreased in HBZY-1 with VX-765 (5 μM) treatment in vitro. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that VX-765 exerts favourable effects on DN via the simultaneous alleviation of systemic metabolic syndrome and down-regulating the renal NOX1/ROS/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that it has therapeutic potential for DN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observational evidence from a heavy precipitation event of the 2020 extreme mei-yu season is presented here to reveal a symbiotic relationship between mei-yu rainfall and the morphology of the mei-yu front. The two influence each other through dynamical and thermodynamic feedbacks and evolve in a coherent way to generate cyclic behaviors. Specifically, an intense and band-shaped mei-yu front leads to symmetrical instability in the lower atmospheric layer and convective instability in the middle atmospheric layer, forming a rainband along the front. The mei-yu front and its associated instability subsequently weaken as a result of rainfall, and the front is bent by the process of tilting frontolysis. Deep convective instability in the middle and lower layers develops in the warm, humid prefrontal area, and triggers isolated heavy rainfall replacing the original rainband south of the bent front. This warm sector precipitation then strengthens the front through tilting and diabatic heating frontogenesis. A stronger front recovers its initial band shape, and the associated rainfall also resumes the form of a rainband along the front. Analyses of potential energy associated with instability, water vapor convergence, and cross-frontal circulation are carried out to illustrate key processes of this mei-yu front–rainfall cycle. The implications of this symbiotic relationship for simulating and predicting extreme rainfall associated with mei-yu fronts are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcriptomic deregulation by epigenetic mechanisms plays a crucial role in the heterogeneous progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we first demonstrated that the frequencies of the aberrancies of DNA methylation-correlated (METcor) and microRNA (miRNA)-correlated (MIRcor) genes were significantly co-regulated. Next, through integrative clustering of the expression profiles of METcor and MIRcor genes, four molecular subtypes were identified in CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and then validated in four independent datasets. More importantly, the four subtypes were well characterized and showed distinct clinical and molecular features: (i) S-I: high metabolic activity, sensitive to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and good prognosis; (ii) S-II: moderate metabolic activity, marked proliferation, frequent KRAS mutation and intermediate prognosis; (iii) S-III: moderate metabolic activity, marked proliferation, promoter DNA hypermethylation, high mutation burden, frequent BRAF and EGFR mutations, moderate levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signals, immune-inflamed phenotype, sensitive to cetuximab and death protein-1 inhibitor treatment and relatively poor prognosis and (iv) S-IV: miRNA overexpression, stem/serrated/mesenchymal-like properties, hypoxia, high levels of EMT and TGFβ signals, immune-excluded phenotype and poor prognosis. Overall, this study established a molecular classification based on epigenetically regulated gene expression profiles, thereby providing a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying CRC heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) has been regarded as a promising carbonaceous material for microwave absorption (MA) owing to its high specific surface area, sufficient ordered mesoporous nanostructures and easy decoration. However, its development in MA performance is seriously hampered by its shortcomings of lacking magnetic loss and poor impedance matching. Herein, a series of multi-dimensional ternary OMC/SiO 2 @Ni composites with hierarchical nanostructure (zero-dimensional (0D) Ni nanoparticles and three-dimensional (3D) OMC/SiO 2 framework) is successfully prepared via a self-assembly method, an in situ synthesis, and followed by a calcination treatment. By adjusting the calcination temperature and Ni nanoparticle content, OMC/SiO 2 @Ni composites with different graphitization degree, Ni nanoparticle size and magnetic properties can be easily obtained. Remarkably, OMC/SiO 2 @Ni0.5-700 composite exhibits an exceedingly strong reflection loss (RL) value of −62.2 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) of 8 GHz (almost covers X and Ku bands) with a layer thickness of only 2.5 mm. Such fabulous MA performance comes from a synergy between the well-designed hierarchical ternary nanostructure and improved impedance matching. This work provides an insight for rational structure design and multi-component loss mechanism of lightweight MA material, which shows great potential in practical applications. [Display omitted] • OMC/Si@Ni composites were successfully fabricated through a self-assembly method and a calcination treatment. • Magnetic properties can be tuned through regulating the calcination temperature and compound amount of Ni particles. • OMC/Si@Ni0.5-700 achieves strong absorption and broad effective absorption under a thin coating thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: With the increasing number of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN), voriconazole (VRC) has been widely used in hospitals for first-line treatment of FN. The study was designed for evaluating the influence of FMO3 mutation on the plasma disposition and adverse reactions of VRC in FN. Materials and Methods: A single-center observational study was conducted in the inpatient ward for 4 years. The genotypes of FMO3 and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Patients with neutropenia were screened according to the CYP2C19 metabolic phenotype and other inclusion criteria. Five days after empirical administration of VRC, blood concentrations of VRC and nitrogen oxides in patients' blood were determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). Serum parameters and clinical adverse reaction symptoms in the medical records were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 165 patients with neutropenia with the intermediate metabolic phenotype of CYP2C19 were screened. At the initial stage of oral VRC treatment, patients with the FMO3 E308G genotype had a poorer plasma disposal ability to VRC than those with the wide type of FMO3 (WT) genotype (p = 0.0005). Moreover, patients with the FMO3 E308G genotype were more likely to have adverse drug reactions and abnormal serum parameters after receiving VRC treatment. For example, the serum potassium level in the FMO3 E308G genotype group was significantly lower than that in the WT group (p = 0.028), the abnormal level of total bilirubin in the FMO3 E308G genotype group was significantly higher than that in the WT group (p = 0.049), and the aspartate aminotransferase level in the E308G group was significantly higher than that in the WT group (p = 0.05). The incidence of atopic dermatitis and visual impairment in the FMO3 E308G genotype group was 67 and 75%, respectively, and the incidences of peripheral neuroedema, headache, and diarrhea were 57, 50, and 60%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in the WT group. Conclusion: FMO3 E308G reduces the activity of the FMO3 enzyme by decreasing the metabolic ability of VRC, which increases the plasma concentration of VRC and may also lead to adverse reactions in patients with FN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposed the Compositional Convex Clustering with Sparse Group Lasso. • Extended the standard convex clustering framework with a sparse group lasso formulation. • Developed a proximal gradient descent method within the ADMM framework. • Evaluated the efficiency of the proposed method via simulation studies and real data analysis. High-dimensional sparse clustering with compositional data is of great practical importance, as exemplified by applications in high-throughput gene expression profiles analysis. In this paper, we develop a compositional clustering framework based on convex clustering, which is a convex relaxation of hierarchical clustering that incorporates a fused penalty term on the cluster prototypes. To explicitly deal with the issue of high dimensionality and sparsity, we propose the C ompositional C onvex C lustering with S parse G roup L asso (CCC-SGL). The isometric logratio (ilr) transformation is first applied to transform the composition in the simplex space to the standard Euclidean geometry. Then, a group lasso penalty and a lasso penalty are imposed on the cluster centers, which effectively selects informative features and promotes within-feature sparsity. The proposed convex clustering formulation is numerically and efficiently solved with the proximal gradient descent algorithm within the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) framework. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology and also a real data set in microbiome sequencing is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compositional data refer to a vector with parts that are positive and subject to a constant-sum constraint. Examples of compositional data in the real world include a vector with each entry representing the weight of a stock in an investment portfolio, or the relative concentration of air pollutants in the environment. In this study, we developed a Convex Clustering approach for grouping Compositional data. Convex clustering is desirable because it provides a global optimal solution given its convex relaxations of hierarchical clustering. However, when directly applied to compositions, the clustering result offers little interpretability because it ignores the unit-sum constraint of compositional data. In this study, we discuss the clustering of compositional variables in the Aitchison framework with an isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformation. The objective optimization function is formulated as a combination of a L 2 -norm loss term and a L 1 -norm regularization term and is then efficiently solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers. Based on the numerical simulation results, the accuracy of clustering ilr-transformed data is higher than the accuracy of directly clustering untransformed compositional data. To demonstrate its practical use in real applications, the proposed method is also tested on several real-world datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The introduction of hydrogen bonding donors reduces the viscosity of the system. • The extraction efficiency of methanol using deep eutectic solvents can reach up to 80%. • DES 1 (IL:EG = 1:1) reduces the entrainment rate of dimethyl carbonate by 30%. • The extraction mechanism was elucidated through quantitative calculations. The separation of methanol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is of great significance in industry. Extraction separation can be used for methanol-DMC separation due to simple operation and low energy consumption. The ionic liquid (IL) extractants can achieve good separation efficiency, but there is a problem of large loss of DMC entrainment. In this work, in order to reduce DMC entrainment, we introduced hydrogen bond donors into ILs to form deep eutectic solvents (DESs), so as to weaken the interaction between extractant and DMC. The characterization results indicated that the introduction of hydrogen bonding donors significantly reduces the viscosity of the system. Further extraction experimental results demonstrated that this strategy can effectively reduce the entrainment of DMC by 30 % while maintaining an extraction efficiency of up to 80 %. By conducting interaction energy calculations, electrostatic potential (ESP) charge analysis, interaction region indicator (IRI) analysis, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis for each system, the mechanism of hydrogen bond breaking and hydrogen bond reconstruction between DESs and components in methanol-DMC system was discovered, thus elucidating the mechanism of reducing DMC entrainment at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the intensive care unit (ICU), vital signs such as arterial blood pressure (ABP) collected from electronic health records (EHRs) are typically recorded at different and uneven sampling frequencies and are often infrequently measured due to the nature of the medical treatment. Furthermore, from a temporal trajectory perspective, EHR data are likely to be corrupted by outlying patterns that deviate from normal samples in terms of the curves' magnitude and shape. In this work, we propose a two-stage outlier detection approach for sparse and irregularly sampled (SiS) temporal data using functional data analysis (FDA) tools. In the first stage, an outlier identification measure is defined by a max–min statistic and a clean subset that contains nonoutliers. In the second stage, a multiple hypothesis testing problem is formulated based on the asymptotic distribution of the proposed measure. The simulation-based framework shows that the proposed method is robust to different types of shape and magnitude outliers. The detection results are more accurate than the widely used functional depth methods, especially in extremely sparse settings where the proportion of the observed data points over the entire time series is approximately 10%. Extensive experiments are also conducted on the real-world MIMIC-II dataset, which demonstrate that the method effectively detects clinically meaningful outlying patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rod-like porous Co/C composite was successfully fabricated by carbonizing a Co-based MOF-74 precursor. Due to significant synergy between the porous carbon framework (dielectric loss) and cobalt nanoparticles (magnetic loss) coupled with the multiple polarization loss (interfacial or dipole polarization loss) due to the porous nature of the structure, the Co/C composites showed extremely favorable microwave absorption performance. When the as-prepared cobalt-based MOF precursor was annealed at 700 °C (S700), the supreme EM wave reflection performance was −38.46 dB at 7.82 GHz with a coating thickness of 2.5 mm, whereas the broadest effective absorption bandwidth (3.3 GHz) was obtained with a coating thickness of 1.5 mm. Moreover, S600 samples exhibited an expansive absorption bandwidth range of 14.82 GHz (3.18–18 GHz) as the coating thickness was varied from 1.0 mm to 5.5 mm. The unique rod-like porous Co/C samples prepared in this study have significant potential for application in the field of the EM wave absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state transformations in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are important and have led to the creation of new MOF structures. Solid‐state transformations from interpenetrated to non‐interpenetrated networks involving rearrangement of secondary building units (SBUs) in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) fashion have not been explored to date. Herein, we report the sequential, thermally stimulated solid‐state transformations in a barium‐organic framework (UPC‐600). The two‐fold interpenetrated framework of UPC‐600 is converted at 373 K into UPC‐601, a non‐interpenetrated framework. This proceeds in a SCSC fashion and involves the rearrangement of two proximate rod‐shaped SBUs in different nets to generate a new rod‐shaped SBU. At 473 K, a continuous solid‐state transformation involving a second rearrangement occurred, UPC‐601 converted into UPC‐602 by the rearrangement of the 1D rod‐shaped SBU to a 2D layer SBU. This is the first example of such a thermally driven stepwise transformation involving simultaneous cleavage and regeneration of multiple bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state transformations in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are important and have led to the creation of new MOF structures. Solid‐state transformations from interpenetrated to non‐interpenetrated networks involving rearrangement of secondary building units (SBUs) in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) fashion have not been explored to date. Herein, we report the sequential, thermally stimulated solid‐state transformations in a barium‐organic framework (UPC‐600). The two‐fold interpenetrated framework of UPC‐600 is converted at 373 K into UPC‐601, a non‐interpenetrated framework. This proceeds in a SCSC fashion and involves the rearrangement of two proximate rod‐shaped SBUs in different nets to generate a new rod‐shaped SBU. At 473 K, a continuous solid‐state transformation involving a second rearrangement occurred, UPC‐601 converted into UPC‐602 by the rearrangement of the 1D rod‐shaped SBU to a 2D layer SBU. This is the first example of such a thermally driven stepwise transformation involving simultaneous cleavage and regeneration of multiple bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks, namely {[Ln(BIPA-TC)0.5(DMA)2(NO3)]·DMA·H2O}n (1-Ln, Ln = Eu, Dy, Sm, Nd) and {[Ln2(BIPA-TC)1.5(DMA)3(H2O)2]·2DMA·2H2O}n (2-Ln, Ln = Eu, Dy, Sm, Nd), were successfully constructed via a solvent regulation strategy based on a π-electron rich tetra-carboxylate ligand (H4BIPA-TC). 1-Ln shows a 4-connected lvt topology with the point symbol of {42·84}, but 2-Ln displays a new 4,4,6-connected wxk1 topology with the point symbol of {43·83}4{46·66·83}2{86}. The solid-state luminescence property and the microporous nature of Eu-MOFs (1-Eu and 2-Eu) indicate that they can potentially be used as luminescent sensors. Fluorescence measurements indicate that Fe3+ exhibits the quenching effect for 1-Eu with the quenching efficiency of 93.1%. 2-Eu is the first MOF sensor for Mg2+ with the lowest detection limit of 1.53 × 10−10 mol L−1 and displays good recyclable capability. Simultaneously, in the presence of other metal ions (Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pd2+, Al3+, Cr3+and Fe3+), 2-Eu can maintain the selective sensing of Mg2+, indicating its potential for Mg2+ turn-on sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The class imbalance problem is widely studied in the machine learning community, and it is present in many real-world applications such as spam filtering, anomaly detection and medical diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a density weighted fuzzy outlier clustering approach for class imbalanced learning. The method considers a novel fuzzy neighborhood relation with local density information when assigning the weights to the samples in the clustering process, and it is then hybridized with the fuzzy outlier clustering approach for a novel fuzzy clustering method. In this way, the most representative majority class samples are chosen while the outlier samples are subjected to elimination. The validity of the proposed method is tested with synthetic and real-world datasets which demonstrates superior performance compared to other clustering-based resampling schemes. Thus, the density weighted fuzzy outlier clustering approach can be used for real life imbalanced problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous development of fast and simple new methods to identify animal-derived ingredients is very important for the authentication of meat products. This study intended to develop a multiplex PCR method using new species-specific nuclear DNA (nDNA) sequences for the detection of ingredients derived from sheep/goat, bovine, chicken, duck and pig in meat products. Sequence alignment analysis in 53 species showed high specificity of species-specific nDNA. Species-specific primers were designed on the conservative region of each species-specific nDNA sequence. The specificity and conservation of the sequences and primers were verified by PCR reaction and sequencing with the limit of detection down to 0.5 ng. Then, a species-specific multiplex PCR method was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect sheep/goat (237 bp), bovine (223 bp), chicken (192 bp), duck (168 bp) and pig (154 bp) in one reaction. Various processed meat products containing one or more animal-derived ingredients were detected by the developed multiplex PCR method, and the results were consistent with their labeled meat species. Our study provides a fast and simple detection method for regulating labeling of animal-derived ingredients in meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of the monitoring data of surface displacement and internal multipoint displacement of coal pillars near three inclined strata roadways, which have similar burial depth and different surrounding rock conditions in a coal mine in the east China, the coal pillars' stress change was combined with discontinuous numerical simulation software to simulate the deformation process of one of the roadways. Field monitoring data and numerical simulation results show that when this working face roadway is dug, the coal pillar enters plastic state after being affected by multiple mining influence, but it can still maintain the basic stability of the roadway and control coal pillar deformation under the current widely used supporting method. With the shortening of the distance between the monitoring area and the working face, the vertical and horizontal stress in the coal pillar increase gradually, but the maximum value of the vertical stress decreases by 1.4 MPa, and deformation amount and velocity of the coal pillar show the characteristics of nonlinear rapid increase. The shape of the vertical stress core area in the coal pillar changed from oval to rectangle, and the width of the core area increased, and it moved 1 m to the goaf side. In the process of coal pillar deformation, there is no zero displacement surface within the monitoring range of 6 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous carbon has been considered to be a promising light and high-efficient microwave absorber, but the nonmagnetic and relatively poor impendence matching property have limited its advanced applications. Herein, the nanoporous biomass carbon (NBC) was prepared by using the ZnCl 2 to activate the walnut shells. The NBC showed excellent microwave absorption (MA) performance, whose minimum reflection loss (RL) value reached −36.9 dB at 8.2 GHz. What's more, for the purpose of improving the impedance matching, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were generated on the surface of NBC by in situ synthesis. The minimum RL value of as-prepared NBC@Fe 3 O 4 composites could reach −40.3 dB at 17.5 GHz with a thin thickness of 2.0 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) was 6.6 GHz when the thickness was 2.5 mm. Compared with NBC, the promoted MA performance of NBC@Fe 3 O 4 composites was due to the improved impedance matching and synergistic effect between dielectric loss and magnetic loss. We believe that as-prepared NBC@Fe 3 O 4 composites have a great potential as an efficient microwave absorber. • A new walnut shell-derived nanoporous carbon has been developed for microwave absorption. • NBC@Fe 3 O 4 composites are prepared by the method of ZnCl 2 activation and in situ synthesis.. • NBC@Fe 3 O 4 composites deliver an excellent MA performance (-40.3 dB) and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (6.6 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mei-yu season over the Yangtze–Huai Rivers basin, typically occurring from mid-June to mid-July, is one of three heavy-rainfall periods over China and can contribute 50% of the annual precipitation. In this study, the first and second heaviest daily precipitation events at the Wuhan station have been selected to represent typical mei-yu and pre-mei-yu precipitation events where the differences in the atmospheric thermodynamic characteristics, precipitation nature, influencing systems, and mechanisms are investigated. During the mei-yu case, moist air mainly came from the South China Sea. Precipitation occurred south of the mei-yu front where abundant moisture and favorable thermodynamic conditions were present. The main influencing systems include a stable blocking pattern and strong and stable western Pacific subtropical high in the midtroposphere, and a small yet intense mesoscale cyclonic vortex in the low troposphere. Rainfall in Wuhan was continuous, caused by a well-organized convective line. A heavy rainband was located along the narrow band between the elongated upper-level jet (ULJ) and the low-level jet (LLJ) where the symmetric instability was found in the midtroposphere near Wuhan. Quite differently, for the pre-mei-yu precipitation case, moist air primarily came from the Beibu Gulf and the Bay of Bengal. Precipitation happened in the low-level convective instability region, where a short-wave trough in the midtroposphere and a mesoscale cyclonic vortex in the low-troposphere were found. Precipitation in Wuhan showed multiple peaks associated with independent meso-β-scale convective systems. A rainstorm occurred at the exit of the LLJ and the right entrance of the ULJ, where convective instability exited in the mid- to low troposphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chemo-transport-mechanics model is developed to study the growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO) and its impact on deformation and stress in air plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). As the driving force for oxygen transport, the chemical potential consists of contributions from both species concentration and hydrostatic pressure. The model suggests that both the concentration boundary condition and the transport process of the oxygen are affected by hydrostatic stress. Since oxygen has smaller diffusion coefficient in TGO than in BC, the retarding effect of the formed TGO on oxygen transport is considered and clarified by the coupled model. The competition between geometrical imperfection (i.e. concave morphology) and the chemo-mechanics coupling to influence the transport of oxygen is also identified numerically. The geometrical imperfection can introduce additional oxygen transport at the margin of the concave imperfection due to the horizontal component of the gradient of the chemical potential of the oxygen, which plays a dominant role in the TGO growth kinetics for the studied TBCs. Consequently, there is a limited effect of the chemo-mechanics coupling on the growth kinetics of a concaved TGO. The amplitude change of the concave portion is found to be up to 0.36 µm after 600-h exposure at 1150 °C, which leads to large tensile stress above the concave portion potentially causing micro-cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Kidney cancer is a highly lethal cancer, of which the most common type is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The targeted drugs used in treating RCC clinically have a lot of side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find out effective agents with little toxic effects. Methods: The antiproliferation effect of chlorogenic acid (CA) was performed using the CCK‐8 assay. Then, we adopted colony formation assay, Annexin V/PI staining assay and JC‐1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay to explore the mechanism of anticancer effect of CA. We also conducted qPCR and Western blot to determine the pathway involved. Key findings: We identified that CA selectively suppressed proliferation of human RCC cell line A498 but not the human embryonic kidney cell HEK293. Mechanistic studies showed that CA significantly induced apoptosis, as indicated by activation of caspase protein and increased ratio of pro‐apoptotic protein Bax to anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway is involved in the inhibitory effect of CA on A498 cells. Activation of this pathway increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of A498 cells, exhibiting antagonism function against CA. Conclusion: Our research firstly reports the efficacy of CA against RCC cells and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms. These findings indicate that CA is a potential agent for treating RCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a component of the Cytosolic Iron-sulfur cluster Assembly (CIA) pathway, DRE2 is essential in organisms from yeast to mammals. However, the roles of DRE2 remain incompletely understood largely due to the lack of viable dre2 mutants. In this study, we successfully created hypomorphic dre2 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Like other CIA pathway mutants, the dre2 mutants have accumulation of DNA lesions and show constitutive DNA damage response. In addition, the dre2 mutants exhibit DNA hypermethylation at hundreds of loci. The mutant forms of DRE2 in the dre2 mutants, which bear deletions in the linker region of DRE2, lost interaction with GRXS17 but have stronger interaction with NBP35, resulting in the CIA-related defects of dre2. Interestingly, we find that DRE2 is also involved in auxin response that may be independent of its CIA role. DRE2 localizes in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and nuclear DRE2 associates with euchromatin. Furthermore, DRE2 directly associates with multiple auxin responsive genes and maintains their normal expression. Our study highlights the importance of the linker region of DRE2 in coordinating CIA-related protein interactions and identifies the canonical and non-canonical roles of DRE2 in maintaining genome stability, epigenomic patterns, and auxin response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telecommunication networks are evolving toward a data-center-based architecture, which includes physical network functions, virtual network functions, as well as various types of management and orchestration systems. The primary purpose of this type of heterogeneous network is to provide efficient and convenient communication services for users. However, the diverse factors of a heterogeneous network such as bandwidth, delay, and communication protocol, bring great challenges for routing recommendations. In addition, the growing volume of big data and the explosive deployment of heterogeneous networks have started a new era of applying big data technologies to implement routing recommendations. In this article, a tensor-based big-data-driven routing recommendation framework, including the edge plane, fog plane, cloud plane, and application plane, is proposed. In this framework, a tensor-based, holistic, hierarchical approach is introduced to generate efficient routing paths using tensor decomposition methods. Also, a tensor matching method including the controlling tensor, seed tensor, and orchestration tensor is employed to realize routing recommendation. Finally, a case study is used to demonstrate the key processing procedures of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The full duplex (FD) two-way relay channel (TWRC) has recently been shown to be a feasible way to improve the network throughput in practical communications. In this correspondence, we consider the convolutionally coded physical-layer network coding over the TWRC in which two sources work in the FD mode and there exists a direct link between them. Every source receives two packets, one packet from the other source and one network coded packet from the relay. A near-maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm for the sources is proposed. A salient feature of the proposed algorithm is that it exploits the code structure to mitigate the error propagation induced by the relay. Furthermore, we derive the near maximum-likelihood decoding bound on end-to-end BER for the system. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed algorithm matches well the bound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We proposed a two-stage approach for Directed acyclic graph (DAG) skeleton estimation with highly correlated variables. • The neighborhood selection stage relies on a sparse adaptive partial least squares (PLS) regression combined with a novel cluster-weighted adaptive penalty on the PLS weight vectors. • The proposed algorithm is most competitive on the dense hub network structure with multiple clusters. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are directed graphical models that are well known for discovering causal relationships between variables in a high-dimensional setting. When the DAG is not identifiable due to the lack of interventional data, the skeleton can be estimated using observational data, which is formed by removing the direction of the edges in a DAG. In real data analyses, variables are often highly correlated due to some form of clustered sampling, and ignoring this correlation will inflate the standard errors of the parameter estimates in the regression-based DAG structure learning framework. In this work, we propose a two-stage DAG skeleton estimation approach for highly correlated data. First, we propose a novel neighborhood selection method based on sparse partial least squares (PLS) regression, and a cluster-weighted adaptive penalty is imposed on the PLS weight vectors to exploit the local information. In the second stage, the DAG skeleton is estimated by evaluating a set of conditional independence hypotheses. Simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The algorithm is also tested on publicly available datasets, and we show that our algorithm obtains higher sensitivity with comparable false discovery rates for high-dimensional data under different network structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective strategies in metal–organic frameworks for C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation from the perspective of C 2 H 2 -preference and CO 2 -preference. [Display omitted] • Summarize recent advances in MOFs for C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation from the perspective of C 2 H 2 -preference and CO 2 -preference. • Discuss several well-developed strategies for C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation as follows: (1) Functional site regulation: metal site regulation, ligand functional modification, and inorganic anion introduction; (2) Structural regulation: pore segmentation and reticular chemistry; (3) Acetylene nanotrap; (4) Unconventional adsorption. • Summarize the potential obstacles and future development prospects from academia to final industrial implementation. The high-efficiency separation of C 2 H 2 /CO 2 has important research significance and industrial value. The currently reported metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbents for the separation of C 2 H 2 /CO 2 are generally based on unsaturated metal sites, strong hydrogen bonds or strong electrostatic interaction sites, which suffer from difficulties in combining selectivity and capacity. Significant efforts have been devoted to solving this trade-off effect, and considerable achievements have been made. Herein, we review the research progress of MOFs for C 2 H 2 /CO 2 separation in the past few years according to the properties of the material structure, and prospect the future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telangiectasia macularis multiplex acquisita (TMMA) is a rare disease. Multiple erythematous macules with telangiectasia distributed on the back, bilateral upper arms, and chest (a-d); spider nevi (e); palmar erythema (f). Multiple erythematous macules with telangiectasia distributed on the chest, back, and bilateral upper arms (a-d); spider nevi (e); no palmar erythema (f). [Extracted from the article]

Telecommunication networks are evolving toward a data-center-based architecture, which includes physical network functions, virtual network functions, as well as various types of management and orchestration systems. The primary purpose of this type of heterogeneous network is to provide efficient and convenient communication services for users. However, the diverse factors of a heterogeneous network such as bandwidth, delay, and communication protocol, bring great challenges for routing recommendations. In addition, the growing volume of big data and the explosive deployment of heterogeneous networks have started a new era of applying big data technologies to implement routing recommendations. In this article, a tensor-based big-data-driven routing recommendation framework, including the edge plane, fog plane, cloud plane, and application plane, is proposed. In this framework, a tensor-based, holistic, hierarchical approach is introduced to generate efficient routing paths using tensor decomposition methods. Also, a tensor matching method including the controlling tensor, seed tensor, and orchestration tensor is employed to realize routing recommendation. Finally, a case study is used to demonstrate the key processing procedures of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs) represent an emerging paradigm encompassing the cyber world, physical world and social world. One of the main purposes of CPSSs is to provide high-quality, proactive, and personalized services for humans. For CPSSs to realize this purpose, a novel services framework is needed. In this article, we present a tensor-based cloud-edge computing framework that mainly includes the cloud and edge planes. The cloud plane is used to process large-scale, long-term, global data, which can be used to obtain decision making information such as the feature, law, or rule sets. The edge plane is used to process small-scale, short-term, local data, which is used to present the real-time situation. Also, personalized services will be directly provided for humans by the edge plane according to the obtained feature, law, or rule sets and the local high-quality data obtained in the edge plane. Then a tensor-based services model is proposed to match the requirement of users in the local CPSS. Finally, a case study about CPSS services is proposed to demonstrate the application features of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Active DNA demethylation plays crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression in both plants and animals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, active DNA demethylation is initiated by the ROS1 subfamily of 5-methylcytosine-specific DNA glycosylases via a base excision repair mechanism. Recently, IDM1 and IDM2 were shown to be required for the recruitment of ROS1 to some of its target loci. However, the mechanism(s) by which IDM1 is targeted to specific genomic loci remains to be determined. Affinity purification of IDM1- and IDM2- associating proteins demonstrated that IDM1 and IDM2 copurify together with two novel components, methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 7 (MBD7) and IDM2-like protein 1 (IDL1). IDL1 encodes an α-crystallin domain protein that shows high sequence similarity with IDM2. MBD7 interacts with IDM2 and IDL1 in vitro and in vivo and they form a protein complex associating with IDM1 in vivo. MBD7 directly binds to the target loci and is required for the H3K18 and H3K23 acetylation in planta. MBD7 dysfunction causes DNA hypermethylation and silencing of reporter genes and a subset of endogenous genes. Our results suggest that a histone acetyltransferase complex functions in active DNA demethylation and in suppression of gene silencing at some loci in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature gas plays an important part in daily life and petrochemical industry, but it always coexists with impurities of considerable amount, which hinders full utilization of methane and thus makes its purification an urgent issue to be addressed. Herein, via solvothermal reaction of N,N′-bis(3-methylbenzoic acid-4-yl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide (H 2 L) and cadmium cation, we obtained a layer structure of [Cd 2 (L) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·4H 2 O (UPC-71) with sql/Shubnikov tetragonal plane net topology, where tiny pores are formed due to direct dense packing of layer by layer. After adding 1, 2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethane (BPEA) as ancillary ligand, a rare 8-fold interpenetrated framework, [Cd(L)(BPEA)]·4H 2 O (UPC-72), was obtained. Limited by their tiny pore volume, UPC-71 and UPC-72 both display somewhat small gas sorption capacities, but an obvious increase in the adsorption/separation performance can be observed in UPC-72 due to the effect of pore confinement strategy. In particular, the quantities of C 2 H 2 and CO 2 adsorbed are 1.54 and 0.83 ​mmol/g at ambient condition, and the IAST selectivities of C 2 H 2 /CH 4 and CO 2 /CH 4 are up to 20.1 and 4.7 for UPC-72. With the aid of GCMC simulation, we prove that there exist stronger binding interactions between C 2 H 2 and CO 2 with the active sites in UPC-72 , and thus enhances the separation selectivity. [Display omitted] • Two Cd-MOF (UPC-71 and UPC-72) were designed and synthesized. • Rare 8-fold interpenetrated structure is obtained via pore confinement strategy. • A new strategy is explored to improve adsorption/separation performance. • The IAST selectivities of UPC-72 exhibit a great improvement compared with UPC-71. • Interspersed behavior improved the sorption capacity effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The summer precipitation over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) exhibits significant diurnal variability, with a notable peak before midnight. This study investigates how thermally forced circulations regulate the diurnal precipitation over the SETP, using surface rain‐gauge observations and high‐resolution reanalysis data from June to August during 2015–2019. Water vapor supply and precipitation onset in the afternoon are associated with the upslope winds and upward motions of the mountain–plains solenoid (MPS) between the SETP and nearby lowlands (the Sichuan Basin and Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau). After sunset, the sustained easterly and stronger southerly winds below 500 hPa transport abundant moisture from the rainy lowlands to the SETP. The findings suggest that these winds are mainly due to the larger zonal continental‐scale thermally forced circulation combined with the meridional large‐scale MPS before midnight and the meridional small‐scale MPS after midnight. Plain Language Summary: The summer rainfall over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) is crucial to the hydrological cycle of both the SETP and nearby regions. However, it remains unclear why the rainfall over the SETP mostly occurs at night due to limited observations. This study aims to investigate the role of thermally driven winds in diurnal rainfall during summer (June–August) over the SETP, using high‐resolution reanalysis data and surface rain‐gauge observations. The results show that the strong upward motions and low‐level upslope winds of the thermally forced mountain‐valley wind systems (MVWS) between the SETP and the lowlands (Sichuan Basin and Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau) help to trigger the precipitation and transport moisture in the afternoon. After sunset, thermally forced circulations, including the east–west continental‐scale thermal circulation between the Asian continent and its adjacent ocean, the north–south large‐scale MVWS between the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and its southern plain, and the north–south small‐scale MVWS between the SETP and its southern slope, help maintain horizontal winds from the rainy lowlands, transporting abundant moisture to facilitate the rainfall over the SETP at night. Key Points: Thermally forced circulations greatly impact the diurnal cycle of summer precipitation over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP)Daytime rainfall over this region is associated with the upward motions and upslope winds of the mountain–plains solenoidMulti‐scale thermal circulations are responsible for moisture transport of nighttime rainfall over the SETP [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data streams are expected to undergo changes in data distribution, a phenomenon called concept drift. Another closely related phenomenon is the feature drift of data streams. Feature drifts occur whenever a subset of features becomes, or ceases to be, relevant to the learning task. Identifying the most relevant feature subset from a high-dimensional feature space is challenging in the stream mining scenario. In this study, we propose an online dynamic feature weighting algorithm. Specifically, a feature drift detection scheme is introduced that monitors the changes in the class relevance of the features through a change-detection algorithm based on the log-likelihood divergence score. The score is computed via the kernel density estimator based on the information-theoretic feature merit values. The algorithm is evaluated on both synthetic and real-world datasets, and it is shown that the proposed distribution-based drift detection framework can boost the Nearest Neighbor and Naive Bayes classifier accuracy rates (an average of 2.7% for Nearest Neighbor and 5.5% for Naive Bayes). It also signals feature drifts much faster than traditional methods based on detecting changes in accuracy rates. Finally, the limitations of the proposed method are assessed, and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water vapor budget and the cloud microphysical processes associated with a heavy rainfall system in the Dabie Mountain area in June 2008 were analyzed using mesoscale reanalysis data (grid resolution 0.03° × 0.03°, 22 vertical layers, 1-h intervals), generated by amalgamating the local analysis and prediction system (LAPS). The contribution of each term in the water vapor budget formula to precipitation was evaluated. The characteristics of water vapor budget and water substances in various phase states were evaluated and their differences in heavy and weak rainfall areas were compared. The precipitation calculated from the total water vapor budget accounted for 77% of actual precipitation; surface evaporation is another important source of water vapor. Water vapor within the domain of interest mainly came from the lower level along the southern boundary and the lower-middle level along the western boundary. This altitude difference for water vapor flux was caused by different weather systems. The decrease of local water vapor in the middle-lower layer in the troposphere during the system development stage also contributed to precipitation. The strength and the layer thickness of water vapor convergence and the content of various water substances in the heavy rainfall areas were obviously larger than in the weak rainfall areas. The peak values of lower-level water vapor convergence, local water vapor income, and the concentration of cloud ice all preceded the heaviest surface rainfall by a few hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]