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In order to obtain coatings with low emissivity, most studies focus on the screening of resin and filler components. However, the influence of process parameters on emissivity during the coating preparation process was rarely studied, and the interaction between various preparation processes was not analyzed. In this study, aluminum powder was selected as the metal filler and fluorocarbon resin was selected as the adhesive to prepare a low-infrared emissivity coating. Initially, single-factor experiments were conducted to regulate the viscosity of the coating(achieved by varying the amount of diluent added to the coating), the wet film thickness of the coating and the curing temperature. The combined effects of these three process parameters on the distribution of aluminum powder in the coating and the infrared emissivity of the coating were analyzed and studied. The response surface methodology was used to further analyze the interactions between the process parameters, and the optimal combination of process parameters were determined to guide the actual coating preparation process. Results showed that the influence of the three process parameters on the emissivity of the coating decreased in the order of coating viscosity > curing temperature > wet film thickness. When the addition amount of diluent was 78 g, the film thickness was 60 μm, and the curing temperature was 73 ℃, the infrared emissivity of the coating was 0.141 in the band of 3～5 μm and 0.177 in the band of 8～12 μm.

The electrochemical reductive valorization of CO2, referred to as the CO2RR, is an emerging approach for the conversion of CO2‐containing feeds into valuable carbonaceous fuels and chemicals, with potential contributions to carbon capture and use (CCU) for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Copper surfaces and graphene‐embedded, N‐coordinated single metal atom (MNC) catalysts exhibit distinctive reactivity, attracting attention as efficient electrocatalysts for CO2RR. This review offers a comparative analysis of CO2RR on copper surfaces and MNC catalysts, highlighting their unique characteristics in terms of CO2 activation, C1/C2(+) product formation, and the competing hydrogen evolution pathway. The assessment underscores the significance of understanding structure–activity relationships to optimize catalyst design for efficient and selective CO2RR. Examining detailed reaction mechanisms and structure‐selectivity patterns, the analysis explores recent insights into changes in the chemical catalyst states, atomic motif rearrangements, and fractal agglomeration, providing essential kinetic information from advanced in/ex situ microscopy/spectroscopy techniques. At the end, this review addresses future challenges and solutions related to today's disconnect between our current molecular understanding of structure–activity‐selectivity relations in CO2RR and the relevant factors controlling the performance of CO2 electrolyzers over longer times, with larger electrode sizes, and at higher current densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The dose‐escalation phase (phase Ia study) of a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) FS‐1502 included a dose range from 0.1 to 3.5 mg/kg in HER2‐expressing advanced malignant solid tumours. However, the defined maximum tolerated dose was not reached. This model‐informed approach integrated population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modelling and exposure–response (E‐R) analysis to facilitate dose selection for phase II. Methods: The PopPK model was constructed using PK data from 109 Chinese patients who received doses of 0.1–3.5 mg/kg FS‐1502 every 3 (Q3W) or 4 weeks during a phase I dose‐escalation and dose expansion trial. The structural model consisted of compartment models for FS‐1502 and unconjugated monomethyl auristatin F. E‐R was explored for the percentage change in tumour size, overall response rate and treatment‐related adverse events. Results: A semi‐mechanistic 2‐analyte PopPK model was developed. The FS‐1502 PK data were best described by a 2‐compartment PK model with parallel linear and nonlinear Michaelis–Menten eliminations. The PK of unconjugated monomethyl auristatin F was described by a 2‐compartment model with first‐order elimination. E‐R analysis supported the clinically meaningful efficacy of FS‐1502 at 2.3 mg/kg and above. However, 2.3 mg/kg Q3W was considered to have a better benefit–risk balance due to a lower incidence of safety events without a significant reduction in efficacy compared to 3.0 mg/kg Q3W. Conclusion: This PopPK and E‐R analysis guided the recommended phase II dose selection of 2.3 mg/kg Q3W and supported body weight‐based dosing for an investigational HER2 ADC FS‐1502. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable multicarbon e‐chemicals are of particular interest due to their potential future, high market values, and demand. In the direct electrocatalytic formation of multicarbon e‐chemicals from CO2, the elementary C–C coupling by CO dimerization is considered the rate‐limiting step. Here, a generalized surface structural design principle of asymmetric metal pair sites is proposed, explored, and experimentally tested in order to promote CO dimerization on surfaces. First a computational model of N‐doped Cu2S layers featuring adjacent, electronically asymmetric Cuδ1+‐Cuδ2+ (0 < δ1+ < δ2+ < 1) metal atomic pairs evidenced by their non‐uniform charge distribution is considered. The electronic asymmetry resulted in distinct CO adsorption energies and the associated self‐adjusting structures, which lowered C–C coupling energy barriers significantly. The computational hypotheses are experimentally tested using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Cu‐N moieties within N‐doped Cu2S layers. In‐situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirms linear *CO and *CO‐CO adsorption configuration by the peaks of ≈2080 and 1920 cm−1, respectively. After N‐doping, the catalytically C2 faradaic efficiency can significantly be elevated to 14.72% due to the promotion of C–C coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]