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Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of duodenal-type follicular lymphoma (DFL). Methods: The clinical features, endoscopic appearances, pathological features, and treatments of 17 patients with DFL were retrospectively analyzed and followed up. Results: Among the 17 cases of DFL, there were 8 males and 9 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.125. The median age was 58 years (33-67 years). Among them, 13 patients with DFL were found in routine physical examination, and most of them showed granular hyperplasia under endoscopy. Among the cases, 15 (88.2%) occurred in the duodenum, and all were located in the descending part of the duodenum. There were 15 cases of single lesions and 2 cases of multiple lesions. Under the microscope, the lesions were located in the mucosal layer or submucosal layer, with a clear or vague “expansive” growth pattern and visible follicular nodules. The nodules were composed of centrocyte-like cells and scattered centroblast-like cells, equivalent to grade 1 or 2 of classical follicular lymphoma. The tumor cells expressed CD20, CD79a, CD10, BCL6, and BCL2. CD21 staining of 9 cases showed that the follicular dendrite network was densely stained around the neoplastic follicles, but lightly stained and sparse in the center. Ki-67 expression was low. Four cases underwent second-generation gene sequencing, among which three cases had detected CREBBP gene mutations. Fourteen cases did not receive any treatment, and disease did not progress. One case underwent local intestinal segment resection without postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy and did not relapse. One case received chemotherapy and rituximab treatment, and the lesion completely disappeared. Conclusions: Most of DFL lesions are single lesions with microscopic manifestations similar to those of typical follicular lymphoma grade 1 or grade 2. The special immunophenotype is CD21, which is often more dense and deeply stained around the neoplastic follicles, and has inert biological behavior.

Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MoCoS) is a key gene involved in the uric acid metabolic pathway that activates xanthine dehydrogenase to synthesise uric acid. Uric acid is harmful to mammals but plays crucial roles in insects, one of which is the immune responses. However, the function of Bombyx mori MoCoS in response to BmNPV remains unclear. In this study, BmMoCoS was found to be relatively highly expressed in embryonic development, gonads and the Malpighian tubules. In addition, the expression levels of BmMoCoS were significantly upregulated in three silkworm strains with different levels of resistance after virus infection, suggesting a close link between them. Furthermore, RNAi and overexpression studies showed that BmMoCoS was involved in resistance to BmNPV infection, and its antivirus effects were found to be related to the regulation of uric acid metabolism, which was uncovered by inosine‐ and febuxostat‐coupled RNAi and overexpression. Finally, the BmMoCoS‐mediated uric acid pathway was preliminarily confirmed to be a potential target to protect silkworms from BmNPV infection. Overall, this study provides new evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism of silkworms in response to BmNPV infection and new strategies for the prevention of viral infections in sericulture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low temperatures during flowering severely affect crop growth and yield. Methods: This experiment was conducted under potted conditions with LXD 4 and TJH as test materials and pre-sprayed with exogenous ABA at a concentration of 20 mg·L-1 at flowering stage, respectively and then with an average of 15℃ condition for 5 days. Result: The results showed that foliar spraying exogenous ABA effectively inhibited the increase of MDA content and relatively significantly improved the photosynthetic parameters such as Gs and Tr and alleviated the loss of yield factors caused by chilling stress. Compared with spraying water, spraying exogenous ABA can significantly increase the yield per pot of LXD 4 by 6.72~17.77% and TJH by 6.41~37.04% under low temperature conditions. In summary, foliar spraying exogenous ABA ameliorated the effects of chilling stress on the physiological characteristics of adzuki bean leaves and improved yield as a result of improved antioxidant defense mechanisms which impeded lipid peroxidation. Thus, we conclude that foliar spraying exogenous ABA could decelerate the damages caused by chilling stress to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is a model organism of the order Lepidoptera. Understanding the mechanism of pesticide resistance in silkworms is valuable for Lepidopteran pest control. In this study, comparative metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites of 2 silkworm strains with different pesticide resistance levels at 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding with fenpropathrin. Twenty‐six of 27 metabolites showed significant differences after fenpropathrin treatment and were classified into 6 metabolic pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, the urea cycle, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. After analyzing the percentage changes in the metabolic pathways at the 3 time points, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, and the TCA cycle showed significant responses to fenpropathrin. Confirmatory experiments were performed by feeding silkworms with key metabolites of the 3 pathways. The combination of iron(II) fumarate + folic acid (IF‐FA) enhanced fenpropathrin resistance in silkworms 6.38 fold, indicating that the TCA cycle is the core pathway associated with resistance. Furthermore, the disruption of several energy‐related metabolic pathways caused by fenpropathrin was shown to be recovered by IF‐FA in vitro. Therefore, IF‐FA may have a role in boosting silkworm pesticide resistance by modulating the equilibrium between the TCA cycle and its related metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Small vessel disease (SVD) shares common vascular risk factors with large artery disease (LAD). However, little is known about the relationship between intracranial artery stenosis and SVD burden. Purpose: To investigate whether SVD burden correlates with severity of intracranial LAD. Study Type: Retrospective. Population: Five hundred and sixteen patients with LAD of arterial circulation were enrolled from one hospital, including 384 males (59 ± 11 years) and 132 females (60 ± 12 years). Field Strength/Sequence: 3 T. T1‐weighted fast spin echo (T1W FSE), T2W FSE, T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion‐weighted imaging, susceptibility‐weight imaging, and time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography. Assessment: The LAD was divided into mild stenosis (<30%), moderate stenosis (30%–69%), and severe stenosis (≥70%). The Standard for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging criteria was used to rate the SVD burden according to the level of white matter hyperintensity (WMH), perivascular space (PVS), cerebral microbleed (CMB), and lacunes. Statistical Tests: Lilliefors test, ANOVA, chi‐squared test, Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Bonferroni test, Spearman's correlation, logistic regression, and Cohen's kappa test. Results: The grade scores for centrum semiovale PVS (CS‐PVS) were positively correlated with the degree of stenosis (R = 0.413), whereas the presence of severe basal ganglia PVS (BG‐PVS) was associated with CMB (R = 0.508), lacunes (R = 0.365), and severe WMH (R = 0.478). In multivariate analysis, severe CS‐PVS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–4.8) and lacunes (aOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3–3.4) were associated with severe stenosis of LAD. In addition, CS‐PVS was related to severe stenosis in a dose‐dependent manner: when CS‐PVS score was 3 and 4, the aORs of severe stenosis were 1.9 and 7.7, respectively. Data Conclusion: The severity of LAD in anterior circulation is associated with SVD burden, which suggests that different SVD burden may be used for risk stratification in LAD. Evidence Level: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unprecedented catalytic system consisting of diselenides, Selectfluor and visible light has been developed for the one‐pot synthesis of oxazole acetals from N‐propargylamides and alcohols. This system shows the processes of cyclization, aromatization and acetalization, resulting in the construction of multiple carbon‐oxygen bonds. These transformations demonstrate the excellent compatibility of visible‐light promotion with organocatalytic oxidative carbon–oxygen bond formations using air as the terminal oxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]