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To improve the utilization and investment efficiency of large-scale apparatus and equipment, and to offer a beter service to university V education, research and the local economy construction, universities should pursue to construct a sharing platform of large-scale apparatus and equipment. The status of large-scale apparatus and equipment management in universities was analyzed. Based on working practice, main problems, such as low utilization rate, imperfect management system, low level of operationin, in the opening-up and sharing management of large-scale apparatus and equipment in universities were discussed and analyzed, because investment mechanism of large-scale instrument and equipment was not perfect, management was closed of, rigorous scientific proof was insufficient before purchase, management mode was limited, the management system opening to the outside world was lack, operation management level was low and management and technical team was not enough. Suggestions and measures which could promote the opening-up and sharing management and improve the utilization efficiency of large-scale apparatus and equipment in universities were discussed from drawing up policy laws and regulations, reforming management system and operational mechanism. Thesec suggestion couold make the profitable utilization plan and establishing working model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of two phenols, namely, phenol and salicylic acid (SA) onto a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (NJ-8) were studied in terms of pseudo-second-order and first order mechanisms for chemical sorption as well as an intraparticle diffusion mechanism process. Kinetic analysis showed that the intraparticle diffusion process was the essential rate-controlling step. The activation energies of sorption have also been evaluated with the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion constants, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Adsorption was exothermic and basically of a type of transition between physical and chemical character. The sorption capacity was higher for SA due to its more hydrophobic. Phenol has a higher adsorption enthalpy since it could form stronger hydrogen bonding on NJ-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) was used to make a new hydrogel biocomposite with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by a unique technique. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and burning test were used to test the physical and chemical characteristics of the composite. Chemical binding between inorganic n-HA and poly(vinyl alcohol) was investigated and discussed. The results showed that the composite had good thermal stability and homogeneity. The n-HA crystals were uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The improved n-HA/PVA hydrogel could be used as an artificial articular cartilage, showing a promoting prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As emerging contaminants, antibiotic-resistant bacteria （ARBs） and antibiotic-resistant genes （ARGs） pose a serious threat to human health and ecological security. Here, a reduced graphene oxide and g-C 3 N 4 co-doped copper ferrite （rGO-CNCF） were synthesized. The composite material was characterized using XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDS, TEM, and DRS analysis methods, and a visible-light-assisted rGO-CNCF-activated PMS system was constructed for the removal of ARB and ARGs in water. The results showed that the complete inactivation of 8.01 log SA-ARB could be achieved within 30 min when the catalyst dosage was 0.2 g·L -1 , The PMS dosage was 0.3 g·L -1 , and the initial pH value of the solution was 7.0. The Vis-rGO-CNCF/PMS system was able to effectively reduce the horizontal transfer of SA-ARGs, and this system had a good destructive ability for intracellular and extracellular SA-ARGs. The destruction ability of the advanced oxidation process for the two pollutants together, SMT and SA-ARB, was maintained at a high level. This system could destroy the cell membrane structure of resistant bacteria, causing cell fragmentation, and quenching experiments showed that singlet oxygen （ 1 O 2 ） played a major role in the system. This study can provide a promising method for controlling ARB and ARG pollution in water and controlling the horizontal transfer of ARGs.

Blast furnace slag loaded with sulfide nano zero valent iron (S-nZVI@BFS) was applied to remove oxytetracycline (OTC) from water. S-nZVI@BFS was synthesized via liquid reduction and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) theory. The effect of reaction time, initial concentration of OTC, initial pH, and coexisting hexavalent chromium[Cr(Ⅵ)] were investigated. The results show that Fe and S were successfully immobilized on the surface of S-nZVI@BFS, the specific surface area and pore volume of which increased to 141.986 m 2 ·g -1 and 0.388 cm 3 ·g -1 , respectively, following the loading of nZVI and sulfurization. The utilization rate of the surface active sites of S-nZVI@BFS was improved with an increase of the initial concentration of OTC; the removal rate increased from 20.12 mg·g -1 to 202.74 mg·g -1 when the initial concentration of OTC was increased from 10 mg·L -1 to 100 mg·L -1 . The removal rate decreased with pH, declining from 99.78 mg·g -1 to 41.12 mg·g -1 when pH was increased from 3 to 11 due to the switch from Fendon oxidation to electrostatic adsorption. There was notable competition between OTC and Cr(Ⅵ) meaning that Cr(Ⅵ) can inhibit the removal of OTC, which is dose dependent.

A nitrogen and phosphorus recovery product (NZ-MAP) containing struvite was applied to remove heavy metal ions and lead from water. NZ-MAP was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDS. The effects of dosage, initial pH, and reaction time on the removal process were investigated. The results show that the main component of NZ-MAP is a natural zeolite loaded with struvite. When the dosage is 0.4 g·L -1 , the maximum adsorption amount is 749.74 mg·g -1 , and the adsorption of Pb 2+ in the solution increases first and then tends to reach a balance with increase of the pH. Its removal mechanism is mainly Pb 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 precipitation, and the effect is best when pH is 5.0. The removal process of Pb 2+ from water is more in line with the quasi-two stage kinetic model. In an investigation of the effect of coexisting heavy metal ions on the removal of lead ions in water by NZ-MAP, it was found that coexisting Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ have little effect on NZ-MAP adsorption on Pb 2+ . Coexisting Zn 2+ and Al 3+ obviously inhibit the adsorption of Pb 2+ by NZ-MAP. The research shows that NZ-MAP material can remove lead ions from water efficiently, thus offering an effective method for doing this.

Using MgO modified natural zeolite (NZ-MgO) as a settling agent, nutrients from synthetic contaminated waters were recovered as a struvite precipitate. Different reaction conditions, including reagent dosage, solution pH, contact time, and coexisting calcium ions, were investigated. In order to understand the recovery mechanism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to analyze the chemical composition of recovered precipitates, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to detect the surface area and morphology. The results showed that NZ-MgO exhibited a strong removal capacity, with a maximum removal capacity of 119.2 mg·g -1 for phosphate and 48.5 mg·g -1 for ammonium nitrogen at a dosage of 0.4 g·L -1 , initial pH of 7, and contact time of 2 h. The kinetics of both phosphate and ammonia nitrogen followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model ( R 2 >0.99), which revealed that the chemical process occurred at the solid-liquid interface. The mechanisms for nutrient recovery by NZ-MgO were struvite crystallization, physical adsorption, ion exchange, and electrostatic attraction, with struvite crystallization being the main mechanism. Existing calcium ions would hinder the simultaneous recovery of nutrients from wastewater, resulting in a struvite decline and calcium phosphate increase.

Objective: To formulate hydroxyapatite (HA)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites with improved cytocompatibility for provisional restoration., Methods: Nanocomposites with 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, and 50 wt% HA/PMMA (H/P) were developed and examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on those HA/PMMA discs and investigated by fluorescent staining on 24 h and MTT assay at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d., Results: Chemical integration of HA/PMMA interface was confirmed by XPS. Typical fusiform cells with adhesion spots were detected on 40 wt% and 50 wt% H/P discs. MTT results showed insignificant differences in cell growth between 40 wt% H/P and pure titanium (Ti, P > 0.05), while the other H/P discs showed significantly lower cell growth than pure Ti (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: 40 wt% H/P might be a promising candidate for provisional dental implant restoration and for esthetic gingival contour.

Aim: To investigate H2O2-induced promotion proliferation and malignant transformation in WB-F344 cells and anti-tumor effects of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA)., Methods: WB-F344 cells were continuously exposed to 7 x 10(-7) mol/L H2O2 for 21 d. Observations of cell morphology, colony formation rates, flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle changes and aneuploidy formation indicated that H2O2 was able to induce malignant transformation of WB-F344 cells. We treated malignantly transformed WB-F344 cells with 4 μmol/L OA or 8 μmol/L UA for 72 h and analyzed the cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry., Results: MTT assay showed that 7 x 10(-7) mol/L H2O2 decreased G1 phase subpopulation from 73.8% to 49.6% compared with the control group, and increased S phase subpopulation from 14.5% to 31.8% (P < 0.05 vs control group). Cell morphology showed that nucleus to cytoplasm ratio increased, many mitotic cells, prokaryotes and even tumor giant cells were shown in H2O2-induced WB-F344 cells. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis showed that WB-F344 cell aneuploidy increased to 12% following H2O2 treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of the transformed WB-F344 cells following treatment with OA (4 μmol/L) and UA (8 μmol/L) showed that OA increased G1 subpopulation to 68.6%, compared to 49.7% in unexposed cells. UA increased G1 subpopulation to 67.4% compared to 49.7% in unexposed cells (P < 0.05 vs H2O2 model group)., Conclusion: H2O2 causes the malignant transformation of WB-F344 cells. OA and UA exert anti-tumor effects by inhibiting the proliferation in malignantly transformed WB-F344 cells.

To investigate the effects of Hu Qisan (HQS) on apoptosis in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a Solt-Farber two-step test model of precancerous liver lesions was established in rats using a previously described method. HQS (4 and 8 g/kg body weight/day) was administered for 4 weeks, after the majority of the liver was removed. HepG2 cells were used to detect the HtrA serine peptidase 2 (HtrA2/Omi) release from mitochondria and caspase-3 activation promoted by HQS. Exposure of the rats to DEN for 6 weeks induced hepatic carcinogenesis. HQS (4 and 8 g/kg body weight/day) markedly induced cell apoptosis. The protective effects against hepatic carcinogenesis were mediated by multiple mechanisms, including the reduction of DEN-induced γ-GT-positive cell proliferation, mitochondrial morphological changes, HtrA2/Omi release from mitochondria and the activation of caspase-3. In conclusion, HQS is a potential anti-carcinogenic agent that may induce apoptosis by reducing the inhibitory effects of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) on caspase-3. Thus, HQS should be further explored as a potentially promising new therapeutic agent against human hepatic cancer.

Effects of different concentrations of Cu2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ combined pollution on the removal performance of COD in activated sludge system were investigated, and the ToxTell biosensor with activated sludge was constructed to determine the toxicity of Cu2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ combined pollution. The results showed that there was no significant impact on the activated sludge process when Cu2+ concentration was lower than 10 mg x L(-1), and the addition of Cd2+ enhanced the inhibition of COD removal, and the maximum inhibition efficiency of COD reached at about 1.5 h. With the increase of aeration time, the COD removal efficiency increased slowly again. The toxicity measurement with ToxTell biosensor was close to the biological effects (inhibition efficiencies of COD), which showed that the ToxTell biosensor could be used well in the early warming determination of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in the activated sludge process.

The toxicity of landfill leachate of domestic wastes in different treatment unites landfill leachate pretreatment (No.1), facultative lagoon (No.2), aerated lagoon (No.3), mineralized refuse bioreactor (No.4) and catalysis iron inner electrolysis (No.5) of leachate treatment process in Shanghai was determined based on CellSense biosensor with E. coli. The results showed that the toxicity of the effluent in different treatment unites for landfill leachate increased during the treatment process due to the influence of matrix effect and intermediate toxic products of refractory organic matters. The toxicity of the effluent from No.1 to No.5 unites are 90% (EC10), 80% (EC30), 60% (EC50), 80% (EC50) and 2% (EC50), respectively. This showed no significant correlation with their corresponding COD and ammonia nitrogen concentrations.

E. coli microbial electrodes for CellSense biosensor were prepared by polycarbonate membrane immobilization process, and their performance for heavy metals and toxic organic compounds acute toxicity determination were studied. The results showed that when E. coli was in logarithmic and stationary phase, the CellSense biosensor with E. coli showed good performance in heavy metal ions and organic pollutants acute toxicity analysis, when E. coli was in its decline phase, the stability and sensitivity of the CellSense biosensor was poor. The EC50 values of Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, o-chlorophenol (2-CP) and p-nitrophenol (4-NP) detected by CellSense biosensor with E. coli were 0.6, 3.1, 5.8, 180 and 94 microg/mL, respectively. The immobilized E. coli electrodes could still suit for acute toxicity assessment after 2 months storage at 4 degrees C.

The chemical-biological flocculation (CBF) process was used to treat municipal wastewater in Shanghai, and the effect of its return sludge on pollutant removal was studied through stopping chemical addition, simulating different return sludge ratio, and analyzing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The results show that the return sludge in CBF exhibits strong pollutant removal capability, and chemical in its return sludge can further TP removal and enhance CBF's adaptability to the influent TP impulse. After stopping PAFC (Al2 O3 : 10.8%, Fe2 O3: 1.8%) addition, COD removal efficiency is achieved at about 50%, and removal rates of PO4(3-) and TP gradually decline. It is also found that chemical addition plays an important role in promote sludge sedimentation in CBF. EPS extracted from CBF is 145.89 mg/g, while EPS from CEPT is only 17.24 mg/g, which indicates that there is strong biological flocculation behavior in CBF. With the increase of return sludge ratio, TP and COD removal efficiencies decrease in CEPT, which reveals that chemical in waste sludge has poor flocculation capability, while CBF return sludge exhibits good flocculation behavior due to its biological flocculation. Chemical flocculation and biological flocculation work collaboratively in CBF process.

Aim: To study the inhibitory effect of Huqi San (Qi-protecting powder) on rat prehepatocarcinoma induced by diethylinitrosamine (DEN) by analyzing the mutational activation of c-fos proto-oncogene and over-expression of c-jun and c-myc oncogenes., Methods: A Solt-Farber two-step test model of prehepatocarcinoma was induced in rats by DEN and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to investigate the modifying effects of Huqi San on the expression of c-jun, c-fos and c-myc in DEN-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. Huqi San was made of eight medicinal herbs containing glycoprival granules, in which each milliliter contains 0.38 g crude drugs. gamma-glutamy-transpeptidase-isoenzyme (gamma-GTase) was determined with histochemical methods. Level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (OHdG) formed in liver and c-jun, c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes were detected by immunohistochemical methods., Results: The level of 8-OHdG, a mark of oxidative DNA damage, was significantly decreased in the liver of rats with prehepatocarcinoma induced by DEN who received 8 g/kg body weight or 4 g/kg body weight Huqi San before (1 wk) and after DEN exposure (4 wk). Huqi San-treated rats showed a significant decrease in number of gamma-GT positive foci (P < 0.001, prevention group: 4.96 +/- 0.72 vs 29.46 +/- 2.17; large dose therapeutic group: 7.53 +/- 0.88 vs 29.46 +/- 2.17). On the other hand, significant changes in expression of c-jun, c-fos and c-myc were found in Huqi San-treated rats., Conclusion: Activation of c-jun, c-fos and c-myc plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Huqi San can inhibit the over-expression of c-jun, c-fos and c-myc oncogenes and liver preneolastic lesions induced by DEN.

Zeta potential, particle size distribution and molecular weight distribution of dissolved TOC were studied to elementarily disclose the mechanism of the chemical-biological flocculation (CBF) process to treat municipal wastewater. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and primary sedimentation tank process were taken as the parallel-compared wastewater treatment processes. The experimental results show that under the same dosage, Zeta potential of the CBF process effluent is equal to that of the CEPT process, which indicates that flocculant in return sludge does not change the stabilization of particles in CBF reactor, and the biological flocculation is the key reason for CBF is superior to CEPT. In CBF process, good removal results are achieved for particles >10 microm and dissolved TOC with molecular weight >6 ku by chemical dosage, and biological flocculation can not only promote the removal of particles >10 microm and dissolved TOC with molecular weight >6 ku, but also have high capacity to remove small particles and dissolved TOC with small molecular weight, with the results that particles >3 tpm are removed completely and TOC with molecular weight of 2-6 ku are removed by 42.5% .

Aim: To explore the antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties of mistletoe alkali (MA)., Methods: The antioxidant effect of mistletoe alkali on the oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats was investigated. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): CCl4-treated group (1 mL/kg body weight), MA -treated group (90 mg/kg), CCl4+MA-treated group and normal control group. After 4 wk of treatment, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product (LPO) was measured in serum and homogenates of liver and kidney. Also, the level of glutathione (GSH), and activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and kidney were determined. Scavenging effects on hydroxyl free radicals produced in vitro by Fenton reaction were studied by ESR methods using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trap reagent and H2O2/UV as the OH. source. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was determined by competitive ELISA., Results: In CCl4-treated group, the level of LPO in serum of liver and kidney was significantly increased compared to controls. The levels of GSH and enzyme activities of SOD, GSPx and GR in liver and kidney were significantly decreased in comparison with controls. In CCl4+MA-treated group, the changes in the levels of LPO in serum of liver and kidney were not statistically significant compared to controls. The levels of SOD, GSPx and GR in liver and kidney were significantly increased in comparison with controls. There was a significant difference in urinary excretion of 8-OHdG between the CCl4-treated and MA-treated groups., Conclusion: Oxidative stress may be a major mechanism for the toxicity of CCl4. MA has a protective effect against CCl4 toxicity by inhibiting the oxidative damage and stimulating GST activities. Thus, clinical application of MA should be considered in cases with carbon tetrachloride-induced injury.