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AbstractMicrobial grouting technology based on microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a new soil improvement method. This technique involves injecting bacteria and a cementation solution into soil pores to generate CaCO3 precipitation, thereby enhancing soil strength. Studies on microbial grouting from the aspects of experimental studies, theoretical models and engineering applications were extensively reviewed. Factors such as grouting methods, grouting rate, cementation solution concentration, and pH significantly influence the size and distribution of CaCO3. The three-phase grouting method enhances bacterial adsorption and soil strength. The higher grouting rate (grouting rate greater than reaction rate) and low pH (pH is not lower than 4) facilitate the uniform distribution of CaCO3. The size of CaCO3 and the soil strength increase with increasing cementation solution concentration. The existing models were established based on equilibrium flow, which overlooks the reduction of solute migration distance caused by the non-uniformity of the medium. Micro-structural analysis shows that CaCO3 precipitation between adjacent soil particles acts as a matrix supporting to increase soil strength. Microbial grouting technology can employ CaCO3 precipitation to seal wellbore cracks for CO2 storage and cement soil particles for slope stability and foundation improvement. Finally, the challenges encountered in microbial grouting technology were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of c-differential uniformity was proposed by Ellingsen et al., which generalizes the classical differential uniformity measuring the resistance against differential cryptanalysis. Since then, the research of functions with low c-differential uniformity over finite fields attracted many researchers’ attention. However, it seems that there is no study of function with low c-differential uniformity over integer rings modulo n. In this paper, we give an extension of the c-differential uniformity concept to rings of integers module some n > 0, and we present several perfect c-nonlinear polynomial functions on the integer ring ℤn for the different integer n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive grasp of the myocardial micro-architecture is essential for understanding diverse heart functions. This study aimed to investigate three-dimensional (3D) cardiomyocyte arrangement in the laminar structure using X-ray phase-contrast microtomography. Using the ID-19 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, we imaged human left ventricular (LV) wall transparietal samples and reconstructed them with an isotropic voxel edge length of 3.5 μm. From the reconstructed volumes, we extracted different regions to analyze the orientation distribution of local cardiomyocyte aggregates, presenting findings in terms of helix and intrusion angles. In regions containing one sheetlet population, we observed cardiomyocyte aggregates running along the local LV wall's radial direction at the border of sheetlets, branching and merging into a complex network around connecting points of different sheetlets, and bending to accommodate vessel passages. In regions with two sheetlet populations, the helix angle of local cardiomyocyte aggregates experiences a nonmonotonic change, and some cardiomyocyte aggregates run along the local radial direction. X-ray phase-contrast microtomography is a valuable technique for investigating the 3D local myocardial architecture at microscopic level. The arrangement of local cardiomyocyte aggregates in the LV wall proves to be both regional and complex, intricately linked to the local laminar structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to verify the impact of capital structure on business model innovation and firm performance and the mediating effect of business model innovation. We use the data of the Chinese growth enterprises market (GME) listed high-tech firms from 2016 to 2022 as a dynamic panel data model with the system–generalized method of moments (sys-GMM), adopting return on asset and earning per share as firm performance. Our results show that capital structure has a lag effect on firm performance. The total debt ratio in the last period has a significant non-linear impact on the performance and business model innovation level of nowadays, presenting a U-shaped relationship. The first-order lag short-term debt ratio positively improves firm performance. Business model innovation significantly promotes better firm performance, and business model innovation does exist in the mediating effect between enterprise capital structure and its performance. These results remain robust to different sample sizes or proxy variables. This paper proposes some suggestions for firm operations and government policies based on the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn the current era of exploring changing sexual behavior, promoting and supporting the diversity of pleasure, the sexual health and rights of sexual minorities are getting more public attention, among which the “Fourth Love” emerges as a distinctive group within the framework of Chinese culture. Fourth Love refers to a loving relationship between couples of the opposite sex where the woman assumes the traditional male gender role and the man assumes the traditional female gender role, and always accompanied by a special pattern of sexual behavior that women penetrate the men’s anus using their fingers or a device. This theoretical article begins by introducing and discussing the historical background, core concept “Fourth Love” and its related categories. Subsequently, we start from Judith Butler’s gender performativity theory and interpret the Fourth Love from the perspective of “de-naturalization” and argue that the gender performativity theory provides a reasonable explanation for the gender characteristics (female top and male bottom) of the Fourth Love. Finally, we posit a discussion and outlook on the survival and development of the Fourth Love in the fields of sexual health, sexual pleasure, sexual right, and family and marriage, and calls for more understanding and psychological support from the society for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the nonlinear free vibration of spinning pre-twisted functionally graded material (FGM) plates in thermal environment. Based on the Kirchhoff plate theory and von Kármán large-deformation theory, the nonlinear dynamic model is established via the Lagrange equation, where the warping effect is taken into account. The material properties are related to temperature and change according to a power-law exponent distribution. The theoretical solution of nonlinear-free vibration is obtained using the multiple scale method. The effects of power-law exponent, temperature difference, spinning speed, hub radius ratio, and twist angle on nonlinear-free vibration characteristics of the spinning pre-twisted cantilever FGM plates are discussed. The results show that the spinning pre-twisted cantilever FGM plate exhibits nonlinear hardening-spring vibration behavior, while the characteristics weaken with the increase of spinning speed. The twist angle and setting angle have coupling effects on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of spinning pre-twisted FGM plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Accurate identification of old rice samples from new ones benefits their market circulation and consumers. However, the current detection methods are still not satisfactory because of their insufficient accuracy or (and) time‐consuming process. Methods: Chelating carboxylic acids (CCAs) were selectively extracted from rice, by stirring with chelating resin and a dilute Na2CO3 solution. The green analytical chemistry guidelines for sample preparation were investigated by using the green chemistry calculator AGREE prep. The extractant was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and statistical analysis of the analytical data was carried out to evaluate the significance of the difference by ChiPlot. Results: The limit of quantitation for the CCAs is in the range of 1 to 50 ng/mL, with a reasonable reproducibility. The CCAs in 23 rice samples were determined within a wide concentration range from 0.03 to 1174 μg/g. Intriguingly, the content of citric acid, malonic acid, α‐ketoglutaric acid and cis‐aconite acid in new rice was each found to be distinctively higher than that in old rice by several times. Even mixtures of old and new rice were found to show much difference in the concentration of citric acid and malic acid. Conclusion: A green analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of CCAs by LC/MS analysis, and the identification of old rice samples from new ones was easily carried out according to their CCA content for the first time. The results indicated that the described method has powerful potential for the accurate identification of old rice samples from new ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The iron-based catalyst Fe-N/O@C with Fe-N 2 O 2 coordination was prepared by a simple pyrolysis process. • The Fe-N/O@C + PMS system achieves the degradation of BPA primarily through non-radical pathways dominated by 1O 2 and high-valent iron species. • The doping of O causes a change in the charge distribution of Fe-N. • DFT calculations were used for further analysis to understand the reasons behind the differences in the degradation pathways of Fe-N/O@C and Fe-N@C. Iron-nitrogen co-doped carbon materials as heterogeneous catalysts have attracted much attention in advanced oxidation processes involving peroxymonosulfate (PMS) due to their unique structure and enormous catalytic potential. However, there is limited research on the influence of different coordination structures on the central iron atoms. Through simple pyrolysis, we introduced oxygen atoms into the Fe-N coordination structure, constructing Fe-N/O@C catalysts with Fe-N 2 O 2 coordination structure, and achieved efficient degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrochemical analysis indicate that compared to the free radical activation pathway of Fe-N@C, high-valent iron-oxo species (≡Fe(Ⅳ) = O) are the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Fe-N/O@C/PMS system. Meanwhile, we compared the differences in the oxidation states of Fe atoms and electron density in different coordination structures, revealing the formation of high-valent iron-oxo species and the mechanism of interfacial electron transfer. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the design and development of Fe-N co-doped catalysts for resource-efficient and environmentally friendly catalytic oxidation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classic Landweber iteration method is widely used to solve ill-posed problems, and is proven to be very efficient. However the classic Landweber iteration method has the drawback of over smoothness near the cusps or jumps. Nowadays fractional regularization method becomes popular to overcome over-smoothness. In this paper we propose a fractional Landweber iteration method to solve a two-dimensional time-fractional inverse heat conduction problem. We give the selection of iterations under both a priori and a posteriori rules, and give the proof of error estimates between the exact solution and its regularization approximation. Further more, numerical results are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In experiment, we first calculate the direct problem of the heat conduction problem using the finite difference method; then we add random noise to the data and get the disturbed data; at last we compute the numerical approximate solution of the inverse problem with disturbed data by the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely distributed persistent organic pollutants and their monitoring in environmental media has received extensive attention. The soil matrix is complex, and efficient and simple extraction of PFAAs remains a challenge for analysts. In this work, a simple and rapid method has been developed for the determination of 21 PFAAs in soil by chelating resin-assisted extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Treatment with chelating resins effectively released PFAAs bound to metal ions, thereby greatly improving the extraction efficiency of PFAAs in soil. The complete extraction procedure only required 30 min. Under the optimized conditions, the quantification limits of the 21 PFAAs were from 0.03 to 0.49 ng/mL. Single PFAAs were detected in soil samples with concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 2.60 ng/g and recoveries between 70 and 126%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the intriguing bicontinuous self‐assembled structures, the gyroid cubic is the most ubiquitous. It is found in block and star polymers, surfactants with or without solvent, in thermotropic liquid crystals with end‐ or side‐chains, and in biosystems providing structural color and modelling cell mitosis. It contains two interpenetrating networks of opposite chirality and is thus achiral if, as usual, the content of the two nets is the same. However, we now find that this is not the case for strongly chiral compounds. While achiral molecules follow the opposite twists of nets 1 and 2, molecules with a chiral center in their rod‐like core fail to follow the 70° twist between junctions in net 2 and instead wind against it by −110° to still match the junction orientation. The metastable chiral gyroid is a high‐entropy high‐heat‐capacity mesophase. The homochirality of its nets makes the CD signal of the thienofluorenone compounds close to that in the stable I23 phase with 3 isochiral nets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the intriguing bicontinuous self‐assembled structures, the gyroid cubic is the most ubiquitous. It is found in block and star polymers, surfactants with or without solvent, in thermotropic liquid crystals with end‐ or side‐chains, and in biosystems providing structural color and modelling cell mitosis. It contains two interpenetrating networks of opposite chirality and is thus achiral if, as usual, the content of the two nets is the same. However, we now find that this is not the case for strongly chiral compounds. While achiral molecules follow the opposite twists of nets 1 and 2, molecules with a chiral center in their rod‐like core fail to follow the 70° twist between junctions in net 2 and instead wind against it by −110° to still match the junction orientation. The metastable chiral gyroid is a high‐entropy high‐heat‐capacity mesophase. The homochirality of its nets makes the CD signal of the thienofluorenone compounds close to that in the stable I23 phase with 3 isochiral nets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finnish and Chinese teacher education have gained worldwide attention because of their pupils’ significant achievements in international assessments. Focusing on the manifestations of teacher competencies in the respective teacher education frameworks, this article compares Finnish and Chinese teacher education and their curricular traditions. The mixed-method analysis of the two national frameworks draws attention to significant differences and similarities. Due to particular cultural contexts, while the Chinese Framework emphasises ethics, student management, and assessment competencies, Finnish teacher education focuses comparatively more on adaptive teaching, innovation, and partnering. The competencies of subject matters, pedagogy and subject didactics, teaching technologies, communication, multidisciplinarity, reflection and inquiry, and professional development are emphasised in both countries. This article provides insights into manifestations of teacher competencies in the context of hybrid curriculum traditions in Finland and China through adapting and applying an international framework, offering alternative perspectives on quality teacher education beyond Anglo-American approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is limited by serious side reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction and Zn dendrite growth. Here, the study proposes a novel adoption of a biodegradable electrolyte additive, γ‐Valerolactone (GVL), with only 1 vol.% addition (GVL‐to‐H2O volume ratio) to enable a stable Zn metal anode. The combination of experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations verifies that the green GVL additive can competitively engage the solvated structure of Zn2+ via replacing a H2O molecule from [Zn(H2O)6]2+, which can efficiently reduce the reactivity of water and inhibit the subsequent side reactions. Additionally, GVL molecules are preferentially adsorbed on the surface of Zn to regulate the uniform Zn deposition and suppress the Zn dendrite growth. Consequently, the Zn anode exhibits boosted stability with ultralong cycle lifespan (over 3500 h) and high reversibility with 99.69% Coulombic efficiency. The Zn||MnO2 full batteries with ZnSO4‐GVL electrolyte show a high capacity of 219 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and improved capacity retention of 78% after 550 cycles. This work provides inspiration on bio‐based electrolyte additives for aqueous battery chemistry and promotes the practical application of AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study published in the Journal of Integrative Plant Biology has discovered the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of camptothecin, a commonly used anticancer drug. The researchers used chemoproteomics to identify the enzyme, OpCYP716E111, in the camptothecin-producing plant Ophiorrhiza pumila. They found that expressing OpCYP716E111 in Nicotiana benthamiana and yeast led to the production of strictosamide epoxide 2, a precursor to camptothecin. This discovery lays the foundation for synthetic biological synthesis of camptothecin and highlights the potential of chemoproteomics for discovering enzymes involved in natural product biosynthesis. [Extracted from the article]

Enhanced invasion and migration of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells is the major cause of metastasis and poor prognosis in NSCLC. This study was conducted to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells. The expression of KCNQ1OT1 in NSCLC was analyzed in the StarBase database, and the target miRNA of KCNQ1OT1 as well as the target genes of the miRNA was predicted. Then, the mRNA expression levels of KCNQ1OT1, miR-496, and HMGB1 were detected in clinical tissue samples and cells by qRT-PCR assay. Besides, the protein levels of HMGB1 were detected by Western blot. MTT assay, transwell assay, and scratch assay were used to determine the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of NSCLC cells, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between the expression of KCNQ1OT1, miR-496, and HMGB1 in clinical NSCLC samples. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to analyze the interaction between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-496 and between miR-496 and HMGB1. The database results showed that KCNQ1OT1 was highly expressed in NSCLC. Similarly, we found that the expression level of KCNQ1OT1 was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues and cells than that in the corresponding normal tissues and cells. The results of MTT assay, transwell assay, and scratch assay demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 significantly enhanced the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells. Further mechanism exploration revealed that KCNQ1OT1 could sponge miR-496, and miR-496 directly targeted and regulated the expression of HMGB1. The expression of miR-496 and either KCNQ1OT1 or HMGB1 were negatively correlated in NSCLC, while the expression of KCNQ1OT1 and HMGB1 were positively correlated. Compared with normal paracancer tissues, miR-496 was much lower and HMGB1 was much higher expressed in NSCLC tissues. The results of cotransfection also further demonstrated that miR-496 inhibitor or sh-HMGB1 cotransfected with sh-KCNQ1OT1 could significantly decrease or increase the ability of sh-KCNQ1OT1 to inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of H1299 cells, respectively. In conclusion, lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells through miR-496/HMGB1 signaling axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcription factors are key molecules involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in plants and play an important regulatory role in resisting biological stress. In this study, we identified a regulatory factor, OsZF8, mediating rice response to Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) AG1-IA infection. The expression of OsZF8 affects R. solani rice infection. OsZF8 knockout and overexpressed rice plants were constructed, and the phenotypes of mutant and wild-type (WT) plants showed that OsZF8 negatively regulated rice resistance to rice sheath blight. However, it was speculated that OsZF8 plays a regulatory role at the protein level. The interacting protein PRB1 of OsZF8 was screened using the yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation test. The results showed that OsZF8 effectively inhibited PRB1-induced cell death in tobacco cells, and molecular docking results showed that PRB1 had a strong binding effect with OsZF8. Further, the binding ability of OsZF8-PRB1 to ergosterol was significantly reduced when compared with the PRB1 protein. These findings provide new insights into elucidating the mechanism of rice resistance to rice sheath blight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyracantha fortuneana (P. fortuneana) fruit is a wild fruit that is popular because of its delicious taste and numerous nutrients, and phenolic compounds are considered to be the main bioactive components in P. fortuneana fruits. However, the relationship between phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitory activities during the ripening process is still unclear. The study compared the influence of the five developmental stages on the accumulation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and TYR inhibitory activity in the fruits of P. fortuneana. The compounds were identified by offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐electrochemical detection (2D‐LC‐ECD) combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and the main active ingredients were quantified. The results showed that stage II had higher total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as higher antioxidant and TYR inhibitory activity, but the total anthocyanin content was lowest at this stage. A total of 30 compounds were identified by 2D‐LC‐ECD. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis screened out six major potential markers, including phenolic acids, procyanidins, and flavonoids. In addition, it was found that caffeoylquinic acids, procyanidins, and flavonoids were higher in stage II than in stages I, III, IV, and V, whereas anthocyanins accumulated gradually from stages III to V. Therefore, this study suggests that the changes in antioxidant and TYR inhibitory activities of P. fortuneana during the five developmental stages may be due to the transformation of procyanidins, caffeoylquinic acids, and phenolic glycosides into other forms during the fruit maturation process. Practical Application: Differences in chemical constituents, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities in fruit maturity stages of P. fortuneana were elucidated to provide reference for rational harvesting and utilization of the fruits and their bioactive components. These findings are expected to provide a comprehensive assessment of the bioactive profile and guide the food industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on policy experimentation has mainly focused on central–local relations; scholars have paid little attention to the interaction between policy experimentation and the public. We argue that policy experimentation can be used by decision makers as an instrument to communicate with the public, facilitating the building of a social consensus regarding controversial policies. We evaluate the effects of the Chinese government's policy experimentation efforts to promote shared responsibility between the state and individuals for the urban pension system on the public's regime support. Evidence from two rounds of a nationwide survey conducted before and after the policy experiment indicates that the policy experimentation has significantly contributed to citizens' acceptance of their individual welfare responsibility. Moreover, the image-building of governmental responsibility via official news, with varied intensity across regions, consolidates the political trust of residents while posing a challenge to local government credibility in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the output feedback H∞$$ H\infty $$ control problem for event‐triggered Markovian jump networked control systems with signal quantization. First, a Lyapunov–Krasovskii function is constructed, which contains time delay, upper bound of time delay and conditional transition probability information of Markovian jump systems. Second, when using the Wirtinger's inequality and the Reciprocally convex inequality to estimate the upper bound of the delay of the weak infinitesimal generator operator of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii function, the event‐triggered scheme and the signal quantization scheme are introduced. Finally, the stability criterion of the closed‐loop system of event‐triggered Markovian jump networked control systems and the design method of the output feedback controller of H∞$$ H\infty $$ disturbance attenuation level γ$$ \gamma $$ are given in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by two numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Oxygen vacancy and isolated Ti3+ embed into interface of a Z-scheme heterojunction. • Calcination precisely regulated oxygen vacancy and isolated Ti3+ in the interface. • The interface showed superior photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity to reported ones. • The interfacial modification greatly promoted CO 2 activation and reduction activity. Exploring the real force that drives the separation of Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs in the interface of heterojunction photocatalysts can establish a clear mechanism for efficient solar energy conversion efficiency. Herein, the formation of oxygen vacancy (Ov) and isolated Ti3+ was precisely regulated at the interface of g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 Z-scheme heterojunction (g-C 3 N 4 /Ov-Ti3+-TiO 2) by optimizing the opening degree of the calcination system, showing excellent production rate of CO and CH 4 from CO 2 photoreduction under visible light. This photocatalytic system also exhibited prominent stability. Combining theoretical calculation and characterization, the introduction of Ov and isolated Ti3+ on the interface could construct a charge transfer channel to break the forbidden transition of n → π*, improving the separation process of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. The photoexcited electrons weakened the covalent interaction of C O bonds to promote the activation of adsorbed inert CO 2 molecules, significantly reducing the energy barrier of the rate-limiting step during CO 2 reduction. This work demonstrates the great application potential of reasonably regulating heterojunction interface for efficient photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The co-assembly of different peptide chains usually leads to the formation of intricate architectures and sophisticated functions in biological systems. Although the co-assembly of stereoisomeric peptides represents a facile and flexible strategy for the synthesis of peptide-based nanomaterials with novel structures and potentially interesting properties, there is a lack of a general knowledge on how different isomers pack during assembly. Through the combined use of simulations and experimental observations, we report that heterochiral pairing is preferred to homochiral pairing at the molecular scale but self-sorting dictates beyond the molecular level for the mixtures of the short stereoisomeric β -sheet peptides I 3 K (Ile-Ile-Ile-Lys). Furthermore, we demonstrate that flat β -sheets and fibril morphology are always preferred to twisted ones during heterochiral pairing and subsequent assembly. However, the heterochiral pairing into flat morphology is not always at an equimolar ratio. Instead, a non-equimolar ratio (1:2) is observed for the mixing of homochiral L I 3 L K and heterochiral L I 3 D K, whose strand twisting degrees differ greatly. Such a study provides a paradigm for understanding the co-assembly of stereoisomeric peptides at the molecular scale and harnessing their blending for targeted nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperactivation of the cyclic‐GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway has been shown to be associated with the development of a variety of inflammatory diseases, and the discovery of an inhibitor of the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway holds great promise in the therapeutic interventions. Epimedium flavonoid (EF), a major active ingredient isolated from the medicinal plant Epimedium, has been reported to have good anti‐inflammatory activity, but its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we found that EF in mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs), THP‐1 (Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics‐1) as well as in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) inhibited the activation of the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway, which subsequently led to a decrease in the expression of type I interferon (IFN‐β, CXCL10 and ISG15) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α). Mechanistically, EF does not affect STING oligomerization, but inhibits the formation of functional STING signalosome by attenuating the interaction of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) with STING and TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Importantly, in vivo experiments, EF has shown promising therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases mediated by the cGAS‐STING pathway, which include the agonist model induced by DMXAA stimulation, the autoimmune inflammatory disease model induced by three prime repair exonuclease 1 (Trex1) deficiency, and the non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model induced by a pathogenic amino acid and choline deficiency diet (MCD). To summarize, our study suggests that EF is a potent potential inhibitor component of the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway for the treatment of inflammatory diseases mediated by the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Loneliness is related to psychosomatic challenges in chronic illnesses; however, very little research focuses on loneliness in sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common genetic blood disorder. This study used a daily diary method to illustrate how loneliness and quality of life co-occur in the day-to-day lives of people living with SCD. Method: Seventy-nine adults living with SCD (63 women; mean age = 31.76 years) completed daily electronic surveys comprised of a brief loneliness scale and a single-item measure of quality of life. Participants completed each survey once per day for up to 42 consecutive days. We evaluated the effects of daily changes in loneliness on next-day quality of life through multilevel regression models. Results: Central findings indicated that there were significant between-person (b = −.993, p <.001, 95% CI = − 1.26, −.725) and within-person (b = −.202, p <.005, 95% CI =.327, −.089) effects. Specifically, participants who reported higher mean levels of loneliness also reported lower quality of life. Further, days on which participants reported higher loneliness were followed by days on which they reported lower quality of life. Conclusions: These results may be the first to suggest a connection between loneliness and psychological outcomes in adults living with SCD. Daily fluctuations in loneliness appear to be associated with decrements in next-day quality of life. Future studies should elucidate the clinical relevance and broader health-related implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an observational dataset on submesoscale eddies obtained from high–resolution chlorophyll–a data captured by GOCI I. Our methodology involves a combination of digital image processing, filtering, and object detection techniques, along with specific chlorophyll–a image enhancement procedure to extract essential information about submesoscale eddies. This information includes their time, polarity, geographical coordinates of the eddy center, eddy radius, coordinates of the upper left and lower right corners of the prediction box, area of the eddy's inner ellipse, and confidence score. The dataset spans eight time intervals, ranging from 00:00 to 08:00 (UTC) daily, covering the period from April 1, 2011, to March 31, 2021. A total of 19,136 anticyclonic eddies and 93,897 cyclonic eddies were identified with a confidence minimum of 0.2. The mean radius of anticyclonic eddies is 24.44 km (range 2.5 km to 44.25 km), while that of cyclonic eddies is 12.34 km (range 1.75 km to 44 km). This unprecedented hourly resolution dataset on submesoscale eddies offers valuable insights into their distribution, morphology, and energy dissipation. It significantly contributes to our understanding of marine environments, ecosystems and the improvement of climate model predictions. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7694115 (Wang and Yang, 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A connected nontrivial graph G is matching covered , if every edge of G is contained in a perfect matching of G. An edge e of a matching covered graph G is removable if G − e is still matching covered. Lovász and Plummer introduced removable edges in connection with ear decompositions of matching covered graphs. By characterizing the structure of removable edges, we obtain that the number of removable edges of Halin graphs G with even number of vertices, other than K 4 , C 6 ¯ and R 8 , is at least 1 4 (| V (G) | + 2) , and the lower bound is attainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Purpose Methods Results Conclusions Radiomics has been used in the diagnosis of tumor lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, to date, most studies have been based on intratumoral radiomics. Few studies have focused on the use of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) peritumoral radiomics for the diagnosis of LNM in colorectal cancer (CRC).Determining the value of radiomics features extracted from 18F‐FDG PET/CT images of the peritumoral region in predicting LNM in patients with CRC.The clinical data and preoperative 18F‐FDG PET/CT images of 244 CRC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features were screened using the mutual information method, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Based on the selected radiomics features, a radiomics score (Rad‐score) was calculated, and independent risk factors obtained from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to construct clinical and combined (Radiomics + Clinical) models. The performance of these models was evaluated using the DeLong test, while their clinical utility was assessed by decision curve analysis. Finally, a nomogram was constructed to visualize the predictive model.The most optimal set of features retained by the feature filtering process were all peritumoral radiomic features. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels, PET/CT‐reported lymph node status and Rad‐score were found to be independent risk factors for LNM. All three LNM risk assessment models exhibited good predictive performance, with the combined model showing the best classification results, with areas under the curve of 0.85 and 0.76 in the training and validation groups, respectively. The DeLong test revealed that the performance of the combined model was superior to that of the clinical and radiomics models in both the training and validation groups, although this difference was only statistically significant in the training group. DCA indicated that the combined model displayed better clinical utility.18F‐FDG PET/CT peritumoral radiomics is uniquely suited to predict the presence of LNM in patients with CRC. In particular, the predictive efficacy of LNM for precision therapy and individualized patient management can be improved by using a combination of clinical risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While macrophage is one of the major type I interferon (IFN-I) producers in multiple tissues during viral infections, it also serves as an important target cell for many RNA viruses. However, the regulatory mechanism for the IFN-I response of macrophages to respond to a viral challenge is not fully understood. Here we report ADAP, an immune adaptor protein, is indispensable for the induction of the IFN-I response of macrophages to RNA virus infections via an inhibition of the conjugation of ubiquitin-like ISG15 (ISGylation) to RIG-I. Loss of ADAP increases RNA virus replication in macrophages, accompanied with a decrease in LPS-induced IFN-β and ISG15 mRNA expression and an impairment in the RNA virus-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 and TBK1. Moreover, using Adap-/- mice, we show ADAP deficiency strongly increases the susceptibility of macrophages to RNA-virus infection in vivo. Mechanically, ADAP selectively interacts and functionally cooperates with RIG-I but not MDA5 in the activation of IFN-β transcription. Loss of ADAP results in an enhancement of ISGylation of RIG-I, whereas overexpression of ADAP exhibits the opposite effect in vitro, indicating ADAP is detrimental to the RNA virus-induced ISGylation of RIG-I. Together, our data demonstrate a novel antagonistic activity of ADAP in the cell-intrinsic control of RIG-I ISGylation, which is indispensable for initiating and sustaining the IFN-I response of macrophages to RNA virus infections and replication. Author summary: Macrophages are the major type I interferons (IFNs-I) producers upon virus infections, but they are also important target cells for many RNA viruses. Understanding how the IFN-I response of macrophages to RNA virus infection and replication is vital for the development of targeted therapies to mitigate severe viral diseases. To this end, the present study portrays a novel regulatory mechanism whereby ADAP exhibits a virus-suppressive function via dampening of RIG-I ISGylation in the induction of the IFN-I response of macrophages to RNA virus infections. Loss of ADAP dampens RIG-I-type I IFN signaling and renders macrophages more susceptible to virus infection. Therefore, this study provides a new insight into how the permissiveness of macrophages to RNA viruses can be controlled. Additionally, ADAP-RIG-I module can potentially serve as a novel target for therapeutic intervention against diseases caused by RNA viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructural evolution and high‐temperature ablative damage mechanism of Csf/SiC‐BN composites with and without polyborosilazane (PBSZ) as sintering aids that can convert to polymer‐derived SiBCN ceramics (PDCs‐SiBCN) by cross‐linking and pyrolysis during sintering were studied. The density of Csf/SiC‐BN composites increases from 2.17 to 2.25 g/cm3 with 10 wt.% sintering aids because PBSZ promotes rearrangement and redistribution of raw materials by pyrolysis during the sintering process. With the increase of carbon fiber content, ablation performance (mass ablation rate: 15.25 mg/s; linear ablation rate: 0.100 mm/s) negligibly decreases, compared to counterparts with lower fiber content (mass ablation rate: 16.53 mg/s; linear ablation rate: 0.072 mm/s) because the presence of PDCs‐SiBCN partially compensates for the detrimental effect of carbon fibers on ablation performance. Csf/SiC‐BN composites with and without PBSZ show similar phase composition mainly containing quartz, amorphous SiO2, and matrix crystallization products and morphology after ablation because of similar phase composition before ablation. The ablation mechanism is oxidative corrosion and mechanical scouring and stripping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether Klotho plays any role in hypothyroidism is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum Klotho levels and hypothyroidism in older adults. From the 2007 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1444 older adults aged 65–79 were included in this cross-sectional study. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed using participants' reports of current medications and TSH tests. Klotho was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between serum Klotho levels and hypothyroidism in older people was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression models, subgroup analyses, interaction tests, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold effects. A total of 209 (14.47%) participants were identified as having hypothyroidism. Serum Klotho (ln transformation) is independently and significantly negatively associated with the risk of hypothyroidism after complete adjustment for confounders (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.31–0.80; P = 0.0039). The results remained stable based on subgroup analyses and interaction tests. However, we observed an inverted U-shaped curve between the two using a smoothed curve fitting in the subgroups of 70 < age ≤ 75 years and females, with inflection points of 6.26 and 6.17, respectively. The results of our study indicate that serum Klotho levels negatively correlate with hypothyroidism among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective oxidation of alcohols has drawn significant attention in heterogeneous catalysis with the increasing use of Pickering interfacial catalysis (PIC) for green transformations of alcohols. However, it is still highly desirable to design and develop a solid catalyst with easy separation and recycling, made from abundant resources through a simple synthesis route, for the selective oxidation of alcohols. In this study, ferrite nanoparticles, synthesized via a hydrothermal process, were employed to act as a stabilizer and catalyst in PIC for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using H2O2. The ferrite nanoparticles exhibited higher catalytic performance in PIC than in acetonitrile. The turnover number (TON) of the nanocatalyst in PIC was found to be 1.5–4 times higher than that in acetonitrile, and the reaction constant in PIC (kPIC = 0.712 h−1) was almost twice that in acetonitrile (kCH3CN = 0.310 h−1) for MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Moreover, other alcohols could also be oxidized with moderately high conversion and selectivity in PIC. Significantly, the ferrite nanocatalyst could be easily separated from PIC using a magnet for reuse, achieving 88% BzOH conversion after five cycles. The use of hazardous organic solvents was avoided in PIC, making it a more advanced, green and sustainable reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections have a serious impact on public health. It is urgent to develop antibacterial hydrogels with good biocompatibility to reduce the use of antibiotics. In this study, poly(lipoic acid-co-sodium lipoate)–phytic acid (P(LA-SL)-PA) hydrogels are prepared by a simple mixture of the natural small molecules lipoic acid (LA) and phytic acid (PA) in a mild and green reaction environment. The crosslinking network is constructed through the connection of covalent disulfide bonds as well as the hydrogen bonds, which endow the injectable and self-healing properties. The P(LA-SL)-PA hydrogels exhibit an adjustable compression modulus and adhesion. The in vitro agar plates assay indicates that the antibacterial rate of hydrogels against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is close to 95%. In the rat-infected wound model, the P(LA-SL)-PA hydrogels adhere closely to the tissue and promote epithelialization and collagen deposition with a significant effect on wound healing. These results prove that the P(LA-SL)-PA hydrogels could act as effective wound dressings for promoting the healing of infected wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth (Bi) possesses an ultrahigh theoretical volume capacity (3800 mAh cm−3) and low embedding potential stimulated considerable attention as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, its practical application is still hampered by the huge volume variation during the charge/discharge process. To settle this issue, Bi@C nanosheet arrays (Bi@C‐NSA) are fabricated on copper foam via a facile galvanic replacement followed by in situ polymerization of dopamine and an annealing procedure. The carbon‐coated nanosheet array structure not only accommodates the volume expansion during cycling and maintains electrode stability, but also facilitates rapid electron/ion transport. Due to the unique structural design, this Bi@C‐NSA exhibits an impressive capacity of 315.72 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles under 1 A g−1. Furthermore, a series of in situ/ex situ techniques reveal that this Bi@C‐NSA possesses superior reaction kinetics and undergoes a typical alloying/dealloying storage mechanism. Furthermore, Bi@C‐NSA also achieves commendable reversible capacity and cycling stability in a wide temperature range (0 °C–60 °C). Notably, the assembled Na3V2(PO4)3//Bi@C‐NSA full cell demonstrates a capacity of 325 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.05 A g−1, which promises for practical applications. This galvanic replacement strategy spearheads a way to prepare nanoarray electrodes and will accelerate the development of sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved shear-lag model is adopted in this paper to study the fiber pull-out by considering interface properties in a representative volume element (RVE). The surface roughness, represented by grooves distributed around the fiber, is introduced to analyze the influence of roughness on fiber pull-out comparing it with a round fiber. The influence of groove shapes is also discussed. The interfacial stiffness is introduced in the improved shear-lag model by the cohesive zone modeling to simulate a practical interface connection. To represent the residual stress in composites, a pressure load is added on the surface of the RVE to analyze its influence on the fiber pull-out. The results show that the proposed theory can accurately predict the stress distribution in the RVE. Furthermore, the maximum reaction force increases with an improvement in roughness and interfacial stiffness, while the pressure can improve the reaction force in the third stage of fiber pull-out process. The proposed theory can predict the stress field and fiber pull-out process accurately. It can improve the efficiency and effectivity of micro-experiment with the reference of theoretical results. The results obtained using the proposed theory in this research can also be useful for the design and analysis of composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Eusirus Krøyer, 1845 species within the family Eusiridae Stebbing, 1888 is described based on specimens collected from seamounts of the Caroline Plate. Eusirus carolinus sp. nov. is characterized by having large, well-pigmented eyes, the distomiddorsal mediodorsal pointed process only present on pleonites 1 and 2, epimeral plate 3 with a smooth posterior margin, the elongated telson only cleft 20%, and the rami of uropod 3 being equal in length. A rare eusirid species, Meteusiroides keyensis Pirlot, 1934, is redescribed as providing the living coloration based on one female specimen. Sequences of two genes (16S rRNA and COI) were used to analyze their relationships with other species in the family Eusiridae and confirm the taxonomic placement. The result supports the monophyly of Cleonardo Stebbing, 1888; Eusirus and Rhachotropis S.I. Smith, 1883; and is consistent with morphological classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although in vitro experiments have demonstrated the potential of flavonoid compounds in regulating blood pressure, there is still a lack of evidence from large population studies. We conducted a cross‐sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate the relationship between flavonoid intake levels (natural log transformation) and hypertension events. A total of 15 752 participants aged over 20 years were included, and a weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between total flavonoids, five sub types intake, and hypertension events. Smooth curve fitting was used to explore potential nonlinear relationships. Higher total flavonoids intake was associated with a lower risk of hypertension than the lowest group. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.79 (0.70–0.88) for total flavonoids intake. Elevated total flavonoids intake levels were significantly and linearly associated with a lower risk of hypertension. For each unit increase in the total flavonoids intake level, the adjusted ORs for risk of hypertension decrease by 5% (OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92–0.98). In addition, in restricted cubic spline regression, we found that flavan‐3‐ols, anthocyanidins, and flavonols intake were linearly and negatively related to prevalence of hypertension. Flavones intake showed nonlinear associations with prevalence of hypertension with inflection points of ‐1.90. Within a certain range, a negative correlation exists between flavonoids intake and hypertension events. This finding provides insights into dietary modifications in the prevention of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of a landslide that occurred on 18 November 2018 at the Huadili landfill site in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, which caused the burial and destruction of nine houses and blocked roads along the route. The volume of the landslide sliding was approximately 9.1 × 105m3 and the maximum sliding distance of the leading edge was 180 m. The investigation of this disaster, which combined information gathered on landfill operations and multi-period satellite imagery, reveal the increase in the volume of soil discarded from the landfill and the changes in the disposal site over the last four years before the landslide occurred. As a result of altered hydrogeological conditions, the mechanical strength of the waste soil deposition decreases under the effect of long-term rainfall infiltration and softening by leaching, eventually inducing landslides. The basic characteristics and information on landslide deformation and movement, as well as the physical and mechanical parameters of the landslide mass and slip zone, were obtained through site investigation, borehole survey and indoor direct shear tests. To improve the accuracy of landslide risk assessment for similar types of potential disposal sites, we simulated the kinematic and kinetic processes of the Huadili landslide using a friction model in the numerical software DAN-W. Finally, how to better manage the geotechnical risks associated with urbanisation is discussed from the perspective of landslide genesis and triggering mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxyntic gland neoplasm (OGN) is a rare subtype of gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, clinicopathological features, effectiveness and safety of endoscopic treatment, as well as the prognosis of OGN. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients pathologically diagnosed with OGN at our hospital from November 1, 2019 to May 1, 2023. A total of 36 patients with 45 lesions were identified, resulting in a disease frequency of 0.047% (36/76,832). The mean age was 55.0 ± 7.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of about 1:1.12. Most lesions were ≤10 mm in size (84.4%), located in the upper third of the stomach (73.3%), exhibited slight elevation (75.5%), appeared whitish (55%), had dilated blood vessels on the surface (75.5%). 16 and 21 lesions were treated by precutting endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR-P) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), respectively. No significant differences were found between EMR-P and ESD in terms of en bloc resection rate (100% vs 100%, p = 1.000), complete resection rate (100% vs 90.5%, p = 0.495), and curative resection rate (93.8% vs 90.5%, p = 1.000). No complications such as bleeding and perforation were observed. No recurrence or metastasis was observed during the follow-up period. OGN is a rare tumor with unique clinical, endoscopic, and pathological characteristics. EMR-P and ESD are deemed safe and effective for treating OGNs. The relatively faster and easier EMR-P seems at least non-inferior to ESD, especially for removal of smaller OGNs. The overall prognosis is favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide (NO), as a short-lived climate forcer, has direct and indirect detrimental impacts on environmental quality and human health. The amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to agricultural soils is considered a robust predictor of total NO emissions, but the estimates of cropland NO emissions have large uncertainties due to the widely used constant emission factors (EF) as e.g., default values recommended by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies. By compiling 223 field experiments with at least three N-input levels across various croplands, we performed a meta-analysis to determine how soil NO emissions respond to N inputs. Our results showed for the first time that the mean change in EF per unit of additional N input (∆EF) across all available data was significantly higher as compared to zero, indicating that the NO response to N additions increased significantly faster than the assumed linear. On average, upland grain crops showed significantly higher ∆EF than that of horticultural crops or lowland rice. A higher ∆EF was also appeared in sites with mean annual precipitation < 600 mm, mean annual temperature ≥ 15 °C, soil organic carbon ≥ 14 g C kg− 1 or total N ≥ 1.4 g N kg− 1, and where synthetic N fertilizers were usually applied. By assuming various N application rates, the IPCC default (0.7% or 1.1%) EF model would have overestimated or underestimated NO emissions compared to our ∆EF model. Overall, our meta-analysis results exert high potential to improve estimates of cropland NO inventories, and help address disparities in global NO budgets and develop more targeted mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy in the atmospheric boundary layer serves as the primary source for energy absorption and structural load on wind turbines. However, the impact of turbulent coherent structures on the aerodynamic performance and wake characteristics of wind turbines has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is employed to assess the influence of turbulent coherent structures of varying scales on the aerodynamic performance and wake characteristics of wind turbines in the neutral atmospheric boundary layer. The results show that turbulent coherent structures are the main factor that determines the wind velocity fluctuation, aerodynamic performance and wake characteristics of wind turbine in the atmospheric boundary layer. When considering the 13th or lower order POD mode, the wind velocity fluctuation increases with the increase of energy content (more POD modes) of the turbulent coherent structures. When considering the first 19 POD modes, the dynamic loads and power of wind turbine fluctuate with high frequencies, the thrust fluctuates in an amplitude range between 2.4 % and 13.9 % around the mean value, and the power fluctuates from 4.5 % to 28.6 % of the mean value. When considering the first 40 POD modes, the average power generation of the wind turbine increases by 26 % compared to the case with no turbulent structures considered. The study of turbine wake shows that turbulent coherent structures can expand the wind turbine wake approximately to a width of 2.5 D and a height of 3 D (D is the diameter of the wind turbine), offset the wake approximately to 2 D , and move forward the position of the wake vortex beginning to dissipation approximately to 7 D behind the wind turbine. In addition, turbulent coherent structures can accelerate the wake velocity recovery by increasing the momentum exchange between the atmospheric boundary layer and wind turbine wake. • A POD-based inflow generation method is established for wind turbine simulation. • Study into the coherent structures with various energy contributions on wind turbine performance. • Obtained the most influence energy contribution of coherent structures in the ABL. • Unveil the influence of coherent structures on the expansion and deflection of wind turbine wakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), is widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the safety profile of sildenafil, including adverse event (AEs), requires comprehensive evaluation. Methods: This retrospective pharmacovigilance study aimed to evaluate AEs linked to sildenafil by analyzing data sourced from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. A case/non‐case design was utilized, and various algorithms including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multiitem gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) were employed to measure the signals indicating the presence of sildenafil‐related AEs. Results: Among 339,230 reports, 33,692 specifically mentioned sildenafil use. Most of AEs occurred in males over 60 years old. The United States accounted for the highest proportion of reported AEs. Severe outcomes, including death, disability, and life‐threatening events, were reported. Significant system organ class (SOC) included "Reproductive system and breast disorders" (SOC: 10038604), "Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified" (SOC: 10038738), "Vascular disorders" (SOC: 10047065), and "Blood and lymphatic system disorders" (SOC: 10005329). Noteworthy preferred terms (PTs) associated with sildenafil included "Vision blurred," "Flushing," "sudden hearing loss," "Painful erection," and "Priapism." Unexpected AEs, such as "Malignant melanoma," "Pulmonary hypertension," "Malignant melanoma in situ," "Pulmonary arterial hypertension," "Metastatic malignant melanoma," "Malignant melanoma stage III," "Malignant melanoma stage II," "Acquired hemophilia," "Aortic dissection rupture," and "Intracranial artery dissection" were also identified. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and understanding the potential risks associated with sildenafil. Further investigation is warranted to validate these associations and address previously unrecognized safety concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify different profiles of chronic disease resource utilization among patients with coronary heart disease in Tibet and explore the relationship between these profiles and quality of life. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: Patients with coronary heart disease who were treated in a tertiary hospital in Tibet and its cooperative points from January 2021 to July 2021 were selected as the study participants. All participants completed a general information questionnaire, the Chronic Disease Resource Utilization Questionnaire (CIRS) and the Health Status Survey Short Form (SF‐36). Chronic disease resource utilization was profiled, and its relationship to quality of life was explored using hierarchical linear regression. Results: A total of 382 patients were enrolled in this study. Regarding chronic disease resource utilization, the participants were divided into three latent profiles: 'Poor utilization group' (n = 151), 'Effective utilization group' (n = 155) and 'Full utilization group' (n = 76). Different profiles of chronic disease resource utilization of patients were significantly associated with quality of life (R2 =.126, p <.001). Conclusion: Healthcare providers should identify patients with different profiles, define their utilization features of chronic disease resources and adopt targeted interventions to guide them in acquiring enough disease support resources to improve their quality of life. Implication: Understanding different resources using preferences of coronary heart disease patients can help healthcare providers and related sectors to provide other supports based on different profiles of patients, thus enhancing their quality of life. Reporting Method: The study followed the STROBE guideline. No Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public involvement in the design of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an effective phenolic antioxidant that can scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. Herein, the protective effects and mechanisms leading to CGA‐induced porcine parthenogenetic activation (PA) in early‐stage embryos were investigated. Our results showed that 50 μM CGA treatment during the in vitro culture (IVC) period significantly increased the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates and improved the blastocyst quality of porcine early‐stage embryos derived from PAs. Then, genes related to zygotic genome activation (ZGA) were identified and investigated, revealing that CGA can promote ZGA in porcine PA early‐stage embryos. Further analysis revealed that CGA treatment during the IVC period decreased the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the abundance of glutathione and enhanced the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in porcine PA early‐stage embryos. Mitochondrial function analysis revealed that CGA increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels and upregulated the mitochondrial homeostasis‐related gene NRF‐1 in porcine PA early‐stage embryos. In summary, our results suggest that CGA treatment during the IVC period helps porcine PA early‐stage embryos by regulating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document summarizes a study on prenatal screening for copy number variants (CNVs) in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene using non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) data. The study analyzed data from a large population of reproductive-age women in China and identified 33 different pathogenic/likely pathogenic maternal CNVs in the DMD gene. The study found that approximately 40% of offspring inherited true-positive maternal CNVs, and 1.63% of male offspring could potentially be prenatally diagnosed and managed using this method. The study provides important information for genetic counseling and DMD/BMD screening worldwide. [Extracted from the article]

A new quinazolinone alkaloid named peniquinazolinone A (1), as well as eleven known compounds, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionamido)-N-methylbenzamide (2), viridicatin (3), viridicatol (4), (±)-cyclopeptin (5a/5b), dehydrocyclopeptin (6), cyclopenin (7), cyclopenol (8), methyl-indole-3-carboxylate (9), 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl acetate (10), methyl m-hydroxyphenylacetate (11), and conidiogenone B (12), were isolated from the endophytic Penicillium sp. HJT-A-6. The chemical structures of all the compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration at C-13 of peniquinazolinone A (1) was established by applying the modified Mosher's method. Compounds 2, 3, and 7 exhibited an optimal promoting effect on the seed germination of Rhodiola tibetica at a concentration of 0.01 mg/mL, while the optimal concentration for compounds 4 and 9 to promote Rhodiola tibetica seed germination was 0.001 mg/mL. Compound 12 showed optimal seed-germination-promoting activity at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Compared with the positive drug 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), compounds 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 12 could extend the seed germination period of Rhodiola tibetica up to the 11th day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permutation polynomials over finite fields constitute an active research area and have important applications in many areas of science and engineering. In this paper, several classes of permutation polynomials with trace functions are presented over F p n (p = 2 , 3) by investigating the number of solutions to special equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma (SCNCC) is a rare yet aggressive gynecological malignancy associated with dismal clinical outcomes. Its rarity has led to a limited number of retrospective studies and an absence of prospective research, posing significant challenges for evidence-based treatment approaches. As a result, most gynecologic oncology centers have limited experience with this tumor, emphasizing the urgent need for a comprehensive review and summary. This article systematically reviews the pathogenesis, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics, prognostic factors, and clinical management of gynecologic SCNCC. We specifically focused on reviewing the distinct genomic characteristics of SCNCC identified via next-generation sequencing technologies, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH), somatic mutations, structural variations (SVs), and microRNA alterations. The identification of these actionable genomic events offers promise for discovering new molecular targets for drug development and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, we delve deeper into key clinical challenges, such as determining the optimal treatment modality between chemoradiation and surgery for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I phase patients within a precision stratification framework, as well as the role of targeted therapy within the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in the management of SCNCC. Finally, we anticipate the utilization of multiple SCNCC models, including cancer tissue-originated spheroid (CTOS) lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), to decipher driver events and develop individualized therapeutic strategies for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Methods Results Discussion and Conclusions Scientific Significance Limited longitudinal research has examined differential interpersonal and intrapersonal correlates of young adult use and use frequency of cigarettes, e‐cigarettes, and cannabis. This study aimed to address these limitations.We analyzed five waves of longitudinal data (2018–2020) among 3006 US young adults (Mage = 24.55, 44% male, 32% sexual minority, ~30% racial/ethnic minority). Two‐part latent growth models examined likelihood of past‐month cigarette, e‐cigarette, and cannabis use (binary part) and days used (continuous part) and identified predictors (depressive symptoms, personality traits, adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], parental use) of baseline use and changes over time.Regarding baseline past‐month use (27% cigarettes, 38% e‐cigarettes, 39% cannabis), depressive symptoms, ACEs, and parental substance use predicted use outcomes (i.e., likelihood, frequency) for each product; extraversion predicted cigarette and e‐cigarette use outcomes; openness predicted e‐cigarette and cannabis use outcomes; conscientiousness negatively predicted cigarette and cannabis use outcomes; and agreeableness negatively predicted cannabis use frequency. Regarding longitudinal changes, conscientiousness predicted accelerated increase of cigarette use frequency at later timepoints; depressive symptoms predicted increases in likelihood of e‐cigarette use but the association weakened over time; and parental cannabis use predicted decreased cannabis use frequency but the association weakened over time.Young adult substance use interventions should target high‐risk subgroups and focus on distinct factors impacting use, including chronic, escalating, and decreasing use.This study advances the literature regarding distinct predictors of different substance use outcomes and provides unique data to inform interventions targeting young adult cigarette, e‐cigarette, and cannabis use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) constitutes the primary mineral component of bones, and its crystal structure, along with the surface interaction with proteins, significantly influences the outstanding mechanical properties of bone. This study focuses on natural hydroxyapatite, constructing a surface model with calcium vacancy defects. Employing a representative model of aspartic acid residues, we delve into the adsorption mechanism on the crystal surface and scrutinize the adsorption forms of amino acid residues on HAP and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) surfaces. The research also explores the impact of different environments on adsorption energy. Furthermore, a simplified sandwich structure of crystal-polypeptide-crystal is presented, analyzing the distribution of amino acid residue adsorption sites on the crystal surface of the polypeptide fragment. This investigation aims to elucidate how the stick–slip mechanism of polypeptide molecules on the crystal surface influences the mechanical properties of the system. By uncovering the interface mechanical behavior between HAP and osteopontin peptides, this article offers valuable theoretical insights for the construction and biomimetic design of biocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]