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Objective: This study aimed to improve the preparation efficiency seaweed iodine and reduce the cost. Methods: The ultrasonic assisted technology was applied in kelp extraction section. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of seaweed iodine was optimized by single factor and response surface test design. The amino acid composition in the final product was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ultrasonic power 125 W, ultrasonic time 130 min and ultrasonic temperature 57 ℃. Under the control of these conditions, the extraction yield was 39.85%, which was 1.6 times higher than that without ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The seaweed iodine products contained 11 kinds of amino acids, including 2 kinds of essential amino acids and 2 kinds of umami amino acids, and diiodotyrosine was also detected. Conclusion: Ultrasonic-assisted preparation can improve the production efficiency of iodine in seaweed.

ObjectiveTo systematically compare the bowel cleaning ability, patient tolerance and safety of oral sodium phosphate tablets (NaPTab) and oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEGL) to inform clinical decision making.MethodsPubMed, Embase, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched for studies that used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the roles of NaPTab and PEGL in bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included papers. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 13 RCTs were eligible for inclusion, including 2,773 patients (1,378 and 1,395 cases in the NaPTab and PEGL groups, respectively). Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in the cleansing quality of the NaPTab and PEGL groups [RR 1.02, 95% CI (0.96–1.08), P = 0.46]. The incidence of nausea was lower in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [RR 0.67, 95% CI (0.58–0.76), p < 0.00001]. Patients rated the taste of NaPTab higher than PEGL [RR 1.33, 95% CI (1.26–1.40), P < 0.00001]. Willingness to repeat the treatment was also higher in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [RR 1.52, 95% CI (1.28–1.80), P < 0.00001]. Both serum potassium and serum calcium decreased in both groups after the preparation; however, meta-analysis revealed that both minerals decreased more in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [MD = 0.38, 95% CI (0.13–0.62), P = 0.006 for serum potassium and MD = 0.41, 95% CI (0.04–0.77), P = 0.03 for serum calcium]. Meanwhile, serum phosphorus increased in both groups after the preparation; however, levels increased more in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [MD 4.51, (95% CI 2.9–6.11), P < 0.00001].ConclusionsWhile NaP tablets and PEGL were shown to have a similar cleaning effect before colonoscopy, NaP tablets had improved patient tolerance. However, NaP tablets had a strong effect on serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus levels. For patients with low potassium, low calcium, and renal insufficiency, NaP tablets should be prescribed with caution. For those at high-risk for acute phosphate nephropathy, NaP tablets should be avoided. Given the low number and quality of included studies, these conclusions will require additional verification by large high-quality studies.Systematic review registration10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0013, identifier: NPLASY202350013.

Background: Diabetes is accompanied by a high prevalence of hyposalivation, causing severe damage to oral and systemic health. Mitochondrial dynamics play important roles in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications; however, little is known about their roles in diabetic hyposalivation. Materials and Methods: A diabetic mouse model and a high glucose (HG)‐induced diabetic submandibular gland (SMG) cell model were employed. Results: More mitochondria surrounded by autophagosomes and higher expression of mitophagy‐related proteins were detected in the SMGs of diabetic mice and HG‐treated SMG cells. In diabetic SMGs, dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1) was upregulated, whereas mitofusin‐2 was downregulated both in vivo and in vitro. Shortened mitochondria and impaired mitochondrial functions were observed in the HG group. A DRP1‐specific inhibitor, mdivi‐1, suppressed mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, as well as restored mitochondrial functions in the HG condition. Moreover, the interaction of F‐actin and DRP1 was enhanced in the diabetic group. Inhibiting F‐actin with cytochalasin D repaired the injured effects of HG on mitochondrial dynamics and functions. Conversely, the F‐actin‐polymerization‐inducer jasplakinolide aggravated mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. Conclusions: F‐actin contributes to HG‐evoked mitochondrial fission by interacting with DRP1, which induces mitophagy and impairs mitochondrial function in SMG cells, ultimately damaging the SMG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastomers with high mechanical toughness can guarantee their durability during service life. Self-healing ability, as well as recyclability, can also extend the life of materials and save the consuming cost of the materials. Many efforts have been dedicated to promoting the mechanical toughness as well as the self-healing capability of elastomers at the same time, while it remains a challenge to balance the trade-off between the above properties in one system. Herein we proposed a molecular design driven by dual interactions of acylsemicarbazide hydrogen bonding and Cu2+-neocuproine coordination simultaneously. By introducing the reversible multiple hydrogen bonds and strong coordination bonds, we successfully fabricated an extremely tough and self-healing elastomer. The elastomer can achieve an impressive top-notch toughness of 491 MJ/m3. Furthermore, it boasted rapid elastic restorability within 10 min and outstanding crack tolerance with high fracture energy (152.6 kJ/m2). Benefiting from the combination of dynamic interactions, the material was able to self-repair under 80 °C conveniently and could be reprocessed to restore the exceptional mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum Hall insulators in artificial systems have become a rapidly developing research field in recent years, and have made significant breakthroughs in observing many novel topological phenomena. However, there are few reports about quantum magnon‐photon Hall insulators. Here, a scheme is proposed for implementing a 1D cavity magnonics lattice that exhibits quantum magnon‐photon Hall insulator behaviors, where each unit cell comprises cavity photons and magnons. By adjusting the system parameters, it is found that not only different energy spectrum structures can be triggered, but also the distribution of the edge states can show the flipping process, which allows the achievement of the multi‐channel topological quantum state transmission. In addition, considering the presence of defects, dissipation, and disorder, it is found that appropriate defects can trigger new topological phases, while dissipation only causes shifts in energy levels without changing the position and period of edge states, and disorder leads to shifts in band structures and edge states, thus demonstrating the robustness of edge states. This work offers an effective way to study topological magnon‐photon Hall insulators, which will have promising applications in magnon‐based quantum information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical simulations were performed to analyze the external flow field characteristics of a non-pneumatic tire (NPT) with flexible spokes. The simulation results revealed that the acute shoulders and cavities formed by spokes are the principal contributors to the high aerodynamic drag and ventilation moment (VM). By changing the parameters of the shear bands, a significant reduction in the aerodynamic drag coefficient (Cd) and ventilation moment could be achieved. Taking the minimum aerodynamic drag coefficient and ventilation moment as optimization objectives, a five-factor and four-level orthogonal experiment was designed with the spoke thickness, spoke radial length, spoke curvature, spoke outer offset rate, and spoke inner offset rate as the design parameters. The optimal combination of spoke parameters was obtained by range analysis and variance analysis, with the reduction of Cd and VM by 6.25% and 16.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, the feasibility of optimization parameters of the shear bands and spokes was confirmed by mechanical performance test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]