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Objective. Chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis is an important intermediate link in the development of liver cirrhosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Longhua Hospital affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in order to prove whether integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine could improve the incidence of CHB complications and clinical prognosis. There are 130 patients with hepatitis B liver fibrosis (being treated from 2011–2021) included in the study, and the patients were divided into 64 TCM users (NAs combined with TCM) and 66 TCM nonusers (NAs antiviral therapy). The serum noninvasive diagnostic model (APRI, FIB-4) and LSM value were used to classify the stages of fibrosis. The results showed that the LSM value was decreased significantly in TCM users compared with TCM nonusers (40.63% versus 28.79%). Indicators of FIB-4 and APRI of TCM users have improved significantly compared with that of TCM nonusers (32.81% versus 10.61% and 35.94% versus 24.24%). The AST, TBIL, and HBsAg levels in TCM users were lower than those in TCM nonusers, and the HBsAg level was inversely correlated with the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ in TCM users. The PLT and spleen thickness of TCM users also were improved considerably. The incidence rate of end-point events (decompensated cirrhosis/liver cancer) in TCM nonusers was higher than that of TCM users (16.67% versus 1.56%). The long course of the disease and a family history of hepatitis B were the risk factors for disease progression, and long-term oral administration of TCM was the protective factor. As a result, the serum noninvasive fibrosis index and imaging parameters in TCM users were lower than those of TCM nonusers. Patients in the treatment of NAs combined with TCM had better prognoses such as a lower HBsAg level, a more stable lymphocyte function, and a lower incidence of end-point events. The present findings suggest the effect of TCM combined with NAs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis is better than that of single drug treatment.

Depression, which is characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood and anhedonia, greatly impacts patients, their families, and society. The associated and recurring sleep disturbances further reduce patient’s quality of life. However, therapeutic sleep deprivation has been regarded as a rapid and robust antidepressant treatment for several decades, which suggests a complicated role of sleep in development of depression. Changes in neural plasticity are observed during physiological sleep, therapeutic sleep deprivation, and depression. This correlation might help us to understand better the mechanism underlying development of depression and the role of sleep. In this review, we first introduce the structure of sleep and the facilitated neural plasticity caused by physiological sleep. Then, we introduce sleep disturbances and changes in plasticity in patients with depression. Finally, the effects and mechanisms of antidepressants and therapeutic sleep deprivation on neural plasticity are discussed.

Motion precision of scanning mirror is vital for motion compensation results of imaging spectrometer.So a set of scanning mirror testing equipment was developped to test scanning mirror′s motion precision.Firstly,the motion compensation principle was analyzed and the theory motion compensation curve was given.Then according to 15 m GSD and 2% degradation of system MTF,the scanning mirror′s position and speed precision target was confirmed.At the same time the relationship between motion compensation times and relative rotation error was outlined.Based on 1/3 principle,the guide line of scanning mirror′s motion precision testing equipment was proposed.In succession a set of testing equipment found on 0.8″ absolute optoelectronic encoder was established.The testing precision of testing equipment was analyzed carefully from the testing method error and the encoder′s error aspects.Finally,scanning mirror′s motion precision testing experimentation was carried out by the testing equipment.The testing results indicate that the scanning mirror′s position precision is better than 3″±1.2″,speed precision is 5.6%±1.29% when 4 times compensation and 3.85% ±1.29%when 6 times compensation.These precision results meet the requirements of imaging spectrometer for scanning mirror.Favorable imaging property of the imaging spectrometer proves that the proposed testing method and equipment is suitable for scanning mirror′s check and accept.

On the basis of a design idea integrated with optical,mechanics and electrinics,this paper presents the techniques of a fine scanning mirror assembly with high resolution for space optics remote sensors.Firstly,the driving scheme of the system is discussed according to the configuration of a camera,and the step motor is chosen as a core of the control system.Then,three parts of mirror assemblies: integrated driving module,fine shafting and SiC pointing mirror subassembly are introduced.Furthermore,the accuracy of the pointing mirror assembly is tested.According to the test results,the angle precision of is better than 40″,the precision relative angle rate(rms error) is under 7% at the working speed and the main shafting radial run-out error is 2 μm.The results prove that the pointing mirror assembly satisfies all the requirements of the optical remote sensor.

In this paper, an all fiber acousto-optic tunable filter based on superimposed fiber Bragg gratings (SFBG-AOTF) is demonstrated and studied. Compared to the normal fiber Bragg gratings based all fiber acousto-optic tunable filter, SFBG-AOTF can modulate the two optical resonant wavelengths of the gratings synchronously. The spectrum of SFBG-AOTF at various acoustic frequencies and under acoustically induced strains, has been analyzed theoretically. Based on simulation results, one can find that each order of the secondary reflection peak is symmetrical with respect to the two primary reflection peaks with SFBG as the center, and the resonant wavelength spacing between the primary reflection peak and the secondary reflection peak which is modulated by the former, is proportional to the acoustic frequency. But the resonant wavelength between the same order secondary reflection peaks which are modulated by two different primary reflection peaks, is independent of the acoustic frequency. The acoustically induced strains mainly affect the variation of the reflectivities of the primary and secondary reflection peaks. In the experiment, the spectra of SFBG-AOTF with acoustic frequencies of 390 and 710 kHz, are measured. The variation trend of the experimental results accords well with the simulated one.

In this study, the V–I transmission matrix formalism (V–I method) is proposed to analyze the spectrum characteristics of the uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based acousto—optic modulators (UFBG-AOM). The simulation results demonstrate that both the amplitude of the acoustically induced strain and the frequency of the acoustic wave (AW) have an effect on the spectrum. Additionally, the wavelength spacing between the primary reflectivity peak and the secondary reflectivity peak is proportional to the acoustic frequency with the ratio 0.1425 nm/MHz. Meanwhile, we compare the amount of calculation. For the FBG whose period is M, the calculation of the V–I method is 4 × (2M–1) in addition/subtraction, 8 × (2M – 1) in multiply/division and 2M in exponent arithmetic, which is almost a quarter of the multi-film method and transfer matrix (TM) method. The detailed analysis indicates that, compared with the conventional multi-film method and transfer matrix (TM) method, the V–I method is faster and less complex.

We demonstrate an approach for triangular-shaped pulse train generation experimentally based on harmonic fitting. The operation principle is that a Mach-Zehnder modulator is firstly employed to suppress modulation of the optical carrier. Thus a periodically variable lightwave can be obtained at the output. Then the signal is coupled into a section of dispersive fiber. Due to the dispersion-induced power fading, the undesired 4th order harmonics in the optical intensity can be fully removed. By adjusting modulation index to an optimum value (m=2.305), the generated harmonics of the optical intensity can be made corresponding to the Fourier components of typical periodic triangular pulses. Finally, the triangular-shaped pulse train at a repetition rate two times of the driving frequency can be obtained. In the experiments, 19.724 Gb/s and 15.356 Gb/s triangular-shaped pulse trains are generated by using 9.862 GHz and 7.678 GHz driving signals respectively. Besides, the repetition rate can be switched to another value by using a different fiber dispersion ( 2L). It is found that the experimental data agree well with theoretical results.