Highways are a potential source of contamination for the surrounding environment, and soil bacteria is a sensitive soil organism. In order to understand the effects of heavy metals on soil bacteria community of alpine meadow from the Tibet Plateau, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the influence of heavy metals from highway sources on the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria community. In this study, soil samples at 0, 5, 15, 30 and 75 m away from the highway in Bangjietang alpine meadow were collected. The influence of heavy metals on soil bacteria community was discussed by redundancy analysis. The results showed that under the influence of shortterm road source pollutants, a certain degree of pollution was observed within 30 m from the roadbed. At this level of contamination, no significant changes in soil bacterial community alpha diversity were produced, but unique OTUs decreased and significantly reduced the relative abundance of the three phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and the three classes Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidia. Heatmap and PCA analysis also showed that slight pollution had a significant effect on the composition and structure of the soil bacterial community. Among the four heavy metals measured, Cu and Pb were the two most important influencing factors, and they changed the composition and structure of the soil bacterial community by altering the dominant bacterial phylum Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and the dominant bacterial class Acidobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alpoteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and Bacteroidia to affect the soil bacterial community, but did not significantly change the abundance of soil bacterial functional diversity. The findings suggest that even the slight pollution with heavy metals in the short term can change the composition and structure of soil bacterial communities under native conditions, and this is achieved by changing some of the dominant bacteria, but the extent of this change has not yet had a significant effect on the abundance of soil bacterial functional diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]