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406 results on '"Wang, Yingcai"'

10. Multi-Target Deep Learning for Algal Detection and Classification

Author

Qian, Peisheng, Zhao, Ziyuan, Liu, Haobing, Wang, Yingcai, Peng, Yu, Hu, Sheng, Zhang, Jing, Deng, Yue, and Zeng, Zeng

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Water quality has a direct impact on industry, agriculture, and public health. Algae species are common indicators of water quality. It is because algal communities are sensitive to changes in their habitats, giving valuable knowledge on variations in water quality. However, water quality analysis requires professional inspection of algal detection and classification under microscopes, which is very time-consuming and tedious. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-target deep learning framework for algal detection and classification. Extensive experiments were carried out on a large-scale colored microscopic algal dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method leads to the promising performance on algal detection, class identification and genus identification., Comment: Accepted version to be published in the 42nd IEEE Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2020, Montreal, Canada

Published
2020
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37. Human neurons lacking amyloid precursor protein exhibit cholesterol‐associated developmental and presynaptic deficits.

Author

Mesa, Haylee, Zhang, Elaine Y., Wang, Yingcai, and Zhang, Qi

Subjects
AMYLOID beta-protein precursor, NEURAL transmission, INDUCED pluripotent stem cells, CENTRAL nervous system, NEURONS, SYNAPTIC vesicles, HOMEOSTASIS, FETAL brain
Abstract

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) produces aggregable β‐amyloid peptides and its mutations are associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), which makes it one of the most studied proteins. However, APP's role in the human brain remains unclear despite years of investigation. One problem is that most studies on APP have been carried out in cell lines or model organisms, which are physiologically different from human neurons in the brain. Recently, human‐induced neurons (hiNs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a practical platform for studying the human brain in vitro. Here, we generated APP‐null iPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology and differentiate them into matured human neurons with functional synapses using a two‐step procedure. During hiN differentiation and maturation, APP‐null cells exhibited less neurite growth and reduced synaptogenesis in serum‐free but not serum‐containing media. We have found that cholesterol (Chol) remedies those developmental defects in APP‐null cells, consistent with Chol's role in neurodevelopment and synaptogenesis. The phenotypic rescue was also achieved by coculturing those cells with wild‐type mouse astrocytes, suggesting that APP's developmental role is likely astrocytic. Next, we examined matured hiNs using patch‐clamp recording and detected reduced synaptic transmission in APP‐null cells. This change was largely due to decreased synaptic vesicle (SV) release and retrieval, which was confirmed by live‐cell imaging using two SV‐specific fluorescent reporters. Adding Chol shortly before stimulation mitigated the SV deficits in APP‐null iNs, indicating that APP facilitates presynaptic membrane Chol turnover during the SV exo‐/endocytosis cycle. Taken together, our study in hiNs supports the notion that APP contributes to neurodevelopment, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmission via maintaining brain Chol homeostasis. Given the vital role of Chol in the central nervous system, the functional connection between APP and Chol bears important implications in the pathogenesis of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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