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In this study, a polysaccharide (AHL-P) was obtained from Arachis hypogaea leaves by hot water extraction. High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify the structure of AHL-P. The effects of AHL-P on the proliferation of MFC cells, S180 cells, B cells (Raji), T cells (Jurkat) and RAW 264.7 cells in vitro were also tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The results indicated that the molecular mass of AHL-P was 12.84 kDa and its monosaccharide composition consisted of glucose, xylose, galactose and arabinose at a ratio of 7:2:1:1. AHL-P was a novel polysaccharide having a backbone chain composed of (1→4, 6)-Glc, (1→4)-Xyl and (1→4)-Glc, with (1→4)-Ara and (1→4)-Gal as branches and →1)-Glc as a terminal monosaccharide of the repeating unit. The antitumor activity assay in vitro indicated that the highest inhibitory rate of AHL-P on S180 and MFC cells of 39.07% and 52.22% was observed at a concentration of 5 and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. The immunomodulatory activity assay in vitro indicated that at 10 μg/mL AHL-P, the proliferation rate of B cells (Raji) and RAW 264.7 cells was 104.39% and 32.25%, respectively. However, AHL-P had no significantly proliferative effect on T cells (Jurkat). This study could provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Arachis hypogaea leaves.

Background: Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent commonly used as the first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis, salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis, and empirical therapy for presumed fungal infections. Pharmacokinetic (PK) variabilities and suboptimal exposure have been reported for caspofungin, increasing the risk of insufficient efficacy. Objective: This work aimed to develop a caspofungin population pharmacokinetic (popPK) library and demonstrate its utility by assessing the probability of target attainment across diverse settings. Methods: We established a caspofungin popPK model library following a rigorous literature review, re-implementing selected models in R with rxode2. Quality control procedures included a comparison of different studies and assessing covariate impacts. Model libraries were primarily used to perform Monte Carlo simulations to estimate target attainment and guide personalized dosing in Candida infections. Results: A total of 13 models, one- or two-compartment models, were included. The most significant covariates were body size (weight and body surface area), liver function, and albumin level. The results show that children and adults showed considerable differences in pharmacokinetics. For C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, none of the populations achieved a PTA of ≥90% at their respective susceptible MIC values. In contrast, for C. glabrata, 70% of the adult studies reached a PTA of ≥90%, while all pediatric studies achieved the same PTA level. Conclusion: At the recommended dosage, adult patients showed notably lower exposure to caspofungin compared to pediatric patients. Considering body size, liver function, and serum albumin is crucial when determining caspofungin dosage regimens. Furthermore, further research is required to comprehensively understand the pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the phase stability, elastic properties, and electronic structure of the β-TiX (X = Nb, Ta) alloy body-centered cubic (bcc) structure were systematically studied with the aid of first-principles calculations. The results show that the phase stability and elastic properties of the β-TiX alloys are closely related to the contents of alloying element X. For β-TiX alloys, the contents of Nb and Ta that satisfy their mechanical stability are 10% and 13%, respectively; at room temperature, both β-TiNb and β-TiTa alloys can reach a thermodynamically stable state when the content of Nb or Ta is 25%. In terms of elastic properties, the content of alloying element X is positively correlated with the elastic constant, Young’s modulus, and shear modulus of the β-TiX alloys. The elastic modulus reaches its minimum when the X content is 25%, and the smallest direction of Young’s modulus appears in the direction. The calculation results of the electronic structure show that the bonding strength between the Ti atom and X atom increases with the content of alloying element X, which leads to improvement of phase stability and elastic modulus.

With the current technology of ship power battery and alternative fuel power system gradually mature, many countries have issued relevant policies to emphasize the promotion of ship new energy, while the current domestic ship related active safety system is still in the state of low automation, low intelligence and low integration. In this regard, the project introduces artificial intelligence algorithm to design a set of new energy ship power module monitoring system for fuel cell ships and pure electric ships, which can be used for marine power battery output management and safety monitoring, mainly including hydrogen fuel cell safety monitoring system, power battery (buffer cell) safety monitoring system and power integrated safety monitoring system. This work combines embedded technology with Internet of things technology and artificial intelligence algorithm to solve the safety management problem of new energy ship power system. If it is applied to the actual ship, obvious social and economic benefits can be achieved.