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Relationship between age at diagnosis of diabetes and dementia is lacking. The aim of the study was to investigate whether diabetes onset at a younger age was associated with a higher incidence of dementia. 466,207 participants free of dementia in the UK biobank (UKB) were included in the analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to match diabetic and non-diabetic participants in different onset age of diabetes groups to evaluate onset age of diabetes and incident dementia. Compared with non-diabetic participants, diabetes participants had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.87 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.73–2.03) for all-cause dementia, 1.85 (95 % CI: 1.60–2.04) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 2.86 (95 % CI: 2.47–3.32) for vascular dementia (VD). Among diabetic participants who reported onset age, the adjusted HRs for incident all-cause dementia, AD, and VD were 1.20 (95 % CI: 1.14–1.25), 1.19 (95 % CI: 1.10–1.29), and 1.19 (95 % CI: 1.10–1.28), respectively, per 10 years decrease in age at diabetes onset. After PSM, strength of association between diabetes and all-cause dementia increased with decreasing onset age of diabetes (≥60 years: HR = 1.47, 95 % CI: 1.25–1.74; 45–59 years: HR = 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.40–1.96; <45 years: HR = 2.92, 95 % CI: 2.13–4.01) after multivariable adjustment. Similarly, diabetic participants with onset age <45 years had greatest HRs for incident AD and VD, compared with their matched controls. Our results only reflect the characteristics of UKB participants. Younger age at diabetes onset was significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia in this longitudinal cohort study. • Younger diabetes onset age was associated with elevated dementia incidence among diabetic participants. • Compared with matched controls, patients diagnosed before the age 45 had 190% higher dementia risk. • Timely screening and early intervention are warranted for early-onset diabetes to prevent late life dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire was a serious natural disturbance to forest ecosystems. In this study, a national-scale forest fire risk model (RF_NTL) was proposed in mainland China by incorporating a new human activity factor (NTL) from nighttime light data. For objective verification of model's performance, the logistic regression model (LR) and random forest model (RF) were also built in this paper. Results showed that the RF_NTL model fitted with an AUC value up to 0.95, which was superior to the conventional LR model and RF model. The RF_NTL model also had good generalization ability and stability on annual and monthly scales, helping to accurately forecast forest fire risk. Moreover, the spatial distribution of forest fire risk based on RF_NTL model was detailed and reasonable on a national scale. Forest fire high-risk areas in China were mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest regions. This study could provide references for future relevant research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of space weather, abnormal disturbances in the ionosphere will distort the ionosphere model seriously and affect the global navigation satellite system negatively. This study analyzes the ionospheric activity characteristics and the ionospheric model performance in low latitude during a strong geomagnetic storm from 7 to 9 September 2017. The research goals are to determine the abnormal behavior of the ionosphere during the geomagnetic storm and to refine the ionosphere model in the low latitude. In the experiment, the vertical total electron content (VTEC) peak value at low latitudes caused by this geomagnetic storm was significantly higher than that on the geomagnetic quiet day, and the VTEC peak value increased by approximately 75%. In the main phase of the geomagnetic storm, the degree of VTEC variation with longitude is significantly higher than that of the geomagnetic quiet day. The VTEC variation trend in the northern hemisphere is more severe than that in the southern hemisphere. In the region where VTEC decreases with longitude, the VTEC in the northern hemisphere is higher than that in the southern hemisphere on the same longitude at low latitudes, and this phenomenon is not significantly affected by the geomagnetic disturbance of the recovery phase. During the geomagnetic storm, the daily minimum value of VTEC at different latitudes was basically the same, approximately 5 TECU, indicating that the nighttime VTEC of the ionosphere in low latitudes was weakly affected by latitude and geomagnetic storms. Geomagnetic disturbances during geomagnetic storms will lead to anomalous features of the "Fountain effect" in the ionosphere at low latitudes. In addition, this geomagnetic storm event caused the accuracy of spherical harmonics (SH), polynomial, and ICE models to decrease by 7.12%, 27.87%, and 48.56%, respectively, and caused serious distortion, which is negative VTEC values fitted by the polynomial model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed a CFRP-FBG sensor with a "sandwich" structure consisting of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) encapsulation layers and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for strain monitoring of wind turbine blades. This design aims to protect the FBG sensor while maximizing the strain transfer from the CFRP to the FBG sensor. Strain and temperature experiments showed that the linear correlation coefficient of the experimental CFRP-FBG sensor's central wavelength change-strain evolution curve was above 0.9999, and the repeatability error of the strain sensitivity coefficient was 0.1665%, demonstrating high accuracy and repeatability. Meanwhile, CFRP-FBG was tested in full-size turbine blades in operation, during which time they were subjected to millions of dynamic strain cycles and various loading environments. The results of 11 months of monitoring showed that the CFRP-FBG provides real-time, reliable, and highly accurate strain measurements and can meet the needs of long-term blade strain monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we reported the preparation of ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanocomposites by sulfidation of ZnO nanostructures via a simple hydrothermal method. The precursors of bare ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods were synthesized by a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal growth. The structural, morphological, and element compositional analysis of bare ZnO nanostructures and ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The XRD results indicated that the phase of bare ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods was wurtzite structure, and the phase of coated ZnS nanoparticles on the surface of bare ZnO nanostructures was sphalerite structure with the size of about 8 nm. Photoluminescence measurement was carried out, and the PL spectra of ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanocomposites revealed an enhanced UV emission and a passivated orange emission compared to that of bare ZnO nanostructures. In addition, the growth mechanism of ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanostructures through hydrothermal method was preliminarily discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Good medication compliance is very important for the prognosis of children with epilepsy. We aimed to evaluate the status and influencing factors of medication compliance in children with epilepsy and to provide insights to the clinical nursing care of children with epilepsy. Methods: We selected epileptic children admitted to Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from February 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022. Self-designed questionnaire and medication compliance scale were used to evaluate the characteristics and medication compliance of children with epilepsy. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of medication compliance. Results: A total of 156 children with epilepsy were included, the incidence of poor compliance in children with epilepsy was 37.18%. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that age(r = 0.622), courses of epilepsy(r = 0.553), parental education level(r = 0.506), monthly household income(r = 0.652) and number of drugs taken(r = 0.577) were correlated with the compliance(all P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that age ≤ 6 y(OR = 2.104, 95%CI: 1.712 ~ 2.527), courses of epilepsy ≤ 3 years(OR = 2.661, 95%CI: 2.089 ~ 2.941), low parental education level(OR = 1.977, 95%CI: 1.314 ~ 2.351), monthly household income ≤ 5000 RMB(OR = 2.812, 95%CI: 2.194 ~ 3.181), number of drugs taken ≥ 3(OR = 3.025, 95%CI: 2.336 ~ 3.475) were the influencing factors of medication compliance in children with epilepsy(all P<0.05). Conclusions: The medication compliance of children with epilepsy needs to be improved, and the medication compliance of children is affected by age, courses of epilepsy, parental education level, monthly household income and number of drugs taken. Clinical medical personnel take targeted nursing measures against these factors to improve the medication compliance of children with epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation is a key aspect of the climate system. In this paper, the dependability of five satellite precipitation products (TRMM [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission] 3BV42, PERSIANN [Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks] CDR, GSMaP [Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation] RENALYSIS, CMORPH [Climate Prediction Center's morphing technique] BLD and CMORPH&lowbar;RAW) were compared with in situ measurements over China for the period of 2005 to 2013. To completely evaluate these precipitation products, the annual, seasonal and monthly precipitation averages were calculated. Overall, the Huaihe River and Qinlin mountains are shown to have heavy precipitation to the southeast and lighter precipitation to the northwest. The comparison results indicate that Gauge correction (CMORPH&lowbar;BLD) improves the quality of the original satellite products (CMORPH&lowbar;RAW), resulting in the higher correlation coefficient (CC), the low relative bias (BIAS) and root mean square error (RMSE). Over China, the GSMaP&lowbar;RENALYSIS outperforms other products and shows the highest CC (0.91) and lowest RMSE (0.85 mm/day) and all products except for PERSIANN&lowbar;CDR exhibit underestimation. GSMaP&lowbar;RENALYSIS gives the highest of probability of detection (81%), critical success index (63%) and lowest false alarm ratio (36%) while TRMM3BV42 gives the highest of frequency bias index (1.00). Over Tibetan Plateau, CMORPH&lowbar;RAW demonstrates the poorest performance with the biggest BIAS (4.2 mm/month) and lowest CC (0.22) in December 2013. GSMaP&lowbar;RENALYSIS displays quite consistent with in situ measurements in summer. However, GSMaP&lowbar;RENALYSIS and CMORPH&lowbar;RAWunderestimate precipitation over South China. CMORPH&lowbar;BLD and TRMM3BV42 show consistent with high CC (>0.8) but relatively large RMSE in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a common disease causing fracture in older populations. Abnormal apoptosis of osteoblasts contributes to the genesis of osteoporosis. Inhibiting apoptosis of osteoblasts provides a promising strategy to prevent osteoporosis. The proliferation of osteoblasts isolated from osteoporotic patients or healthy subjects was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/PI assay. Protein expression was measured by western blot. The proliferation of osteoblasts isolated from osteoporotic patients was inhibited and the apoptosis level of these cells was higher than the osteoblasts from healthy subjects. Incubation with psoralen or estradiol significantly enhanced the proliferation and decreased the apoptosis level of osteoporotic osteoblasts. Western blot demonstrated that psoralen or estradiol treatment downregulated the expression of IRE1, p-ASK, p-JNK, and Bax. Meanwhile, expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated. Pretreatment by IRE1 agonist tunicamycin or JNK agonist anisomycin attenuated the effect of psoralen on osteoporotic osteoblasts. Psoralen inhibited apoptosis of osteoporotic osteoblasts by regulating IRE1-ASK1-JNK pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 nanotube arrays co-sensitized with SnS 2 and CdS nanoparticles (SnS 2 /CdS/TiO 2 NTs) were successfully fabricated by SILAR method. The as-synthesized SnS 2 /CdS/TiO 2 NTs were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis). Their photocatalytic activities have been investigated on the degradation of methylene blue under simulated solar light irradiation. XRD results indicate that TiO 2 NTs were mainly anatase phase, SnS 2 and CdS were highly crystallized. FESEM results indicate that TiO 2 NTs can keep the nanotubular structures at low deposition concentration. UV–vis results indicate that SnS 2 and CdS can be used to improve the absorbing capability of TiO 2 NTs for the visible light. And the band gap of SnS 2 /CdS/TiO 2 NTs is 1.95 eV. Photocatalytic results indicate that SnS 2 nanoparticles are conducive to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. And the highest degradation rate to methylene blue of SnS 2 /CdS/TiO 2 NTs is 94.5%. At last, the photocatalytic mechanism of SnS 2 /CdS/TiO 2 NTs to methylene blue is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regular hierarchical flower-like ZnO nanostructures assembled by nanosheets were successfully synthesized by one-step solution route with citrate assistance at room temperature. It was demonstrated that the concentration of citrate and the molar ratio of Zn 2+ /OH − had strong effect on the formation of nanosheets and self-assembly flower-like nanostructures. A reasonable formation mechanism of the flower-like nanostructures was proposed. According to UV–vis spectrum, the flower-like ZnO nanostructures exhibited strong light absorption, and the value of band gap of the obtained ZnO was estimated to be 3.26 eV. Moreover, the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the sample presented only a near-band edge emission at 382 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a series of CdS/TiO 2 NTs have been synthesized by SILAR method. The as-prepared CdS/TiO 2 NTs have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis). And their photocatalytic activities have been investigated on the degradation of methylene blue under simulated solar light irradiation. XRD results indicate that TiO 2 NTs were anatase phase, CdS nanoparticles were hexagonal phase. FESEM results indicate that low deposition concentration can keep the nanotubular structures. UV–vis results indicate that CdS can be used to improve the absorbing capability of TiO 2 NTs for visible light, and the content of CdS affects the band gap. Photocatalytic results indicate that CdS nanoparticles are conducive to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 NTs, and the highest degradation rate can reach 93.8%. And the photocatalytic mechanism of CdS/TiO 2 NTs to methylene blue is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the urchin-like ZnO nanostructures composed of self-assembled cone-shaped ZnO nanorods grown on the Zn-deposited Cu substrate fabricated by electrodeposition-hydrothermal method. In the FESEM images, the cone-shaped ZnO nanorods radiate from the center of the nanostructure forming a spherical urchin-like shape with a diameter of 5 μm–10 μm, the average diameter and the length of the cone-shaped ZnO nanorods can be identified as 0.1 μm–1 μm and 3 μm–5 μm, respectively. The SAED of the diffraction ring suggests that this ZnO nanorod was polycrystalline with the wurtzite hexagonal phase. The measured optical band gap Eg values are 3.12 eV, 2.98 eV, 3.04 eV and 3.10 eV respectively with the increasing pH values. In the as-prepared condition, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the urchin-like ZnO nanostructures are composed of a violet emission band at about 393 nm and two blue emission bands at about 446 nm and 463 nm at room temperature. With an increase in the pH value of hydrothermal solution, the intensity of PL spectra increases, while the forbidden gaps of four samples become narrower. Finally, a possible growth mechanism of the urchin-like ZnO nanostructures has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical flower-like ZnO nanostructures and Mg-doped ZnO flower-like hierarchical nanostructures composed of porous nanosheets were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. In this method, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O was used as a precursor and Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O was the dopant. FESEM, EDS, XRD, UV–vis absorption spectra and PL spectra were used to characterize the samples. It demonstrates that small portions of Mg are successfully incorporated into the lattice of the ZnO nanostructures. The incorporation of Mg into ZnO is supported by broadening and higher Bragg angle shift in XRD pattern and EDS analysis. Cell Parameters of hierarchical flower-like Mg-doped ZnO nanostructures are obtained from Rietveld analysis. The decrease of c- axis indicates that substitution by Mg 2+ is the dominant doping form in the hierarchical ZnO nanostructures. PL spectra show that the effective Mg doping suppresses the near band gap emission and the green emission. The band edge emission shifts to the blue with increasing amount of Mg doping, reflecting the change in the excitons energy seen in the absorption spectra. The defect band is believed to be due to deep traps and becomes dominant at high levels of doping. All the results show that the molar ratio of Mg and Zn determines the structure, surface morphology and optical properties of the samples significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various ZnS structures have been synthesized successfully with different sulfur sources via a facile and capping-free hydrothermal method. The effect of sulfur sources on the formation of diverse ZnS structures was fully studied on the basis of characterization results. A reasonable mechanism was proposed to illustrate the formation process of various ZnS structures synthesized with different sulfur sources. The optical properties and photocatalytic activity of three structures were also investigated in detail. We believe that ZnS structures with thiourea as sulfur source will be more suitable for the application in the optical devices. ZnS structures with TAA as sulfur source will be the best one for the degradation of organic pollutions in the environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon coating TiO 2 nanotubes (TNTs) were successfully prepared via anodic oxidation method as well as hydrothermal method, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photodegrading methylene blue. The crystal shape of carbon coating TNTs was affected by the heating treatment temperature and they had a great enhancement on visible light absorption while contrasting with the primitive TNTs. As for photocatalytic activity of carbon coating TNTs in this study, we found that the photo-degradation rate of them can reach to 92.5% after 4 h when the concentration of glucose was 0.025 M. At last, a tentative mechanism for the enhancement of sunlight absorption was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heparan sulfate (HS) interacts with growth factors and has been implicated in regulating chondrogenesis. However, the effect of HS on TGF-β-mediated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis and molecular mechanisms remains unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of exogenous HS alone and in combination with TGF-β3 on chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs and possible signal mechanisms. The results indicated that HS alone had no obvious effects on chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signal pathways. However, the combined TGF-β3/HS treatment resulted in a significant increase in GAG synthesis, cartilage matrix protein secretion, and cartilage-specific gene expression compared to cells treated with TGF-β3 alone. Furthermore, HS inhibited type III TGF-β receptors (TβRIII) expression and increased TGF-β3-mediated ratio of the type II (TβRII) to the type I (TβRI) TGF-β receptors and phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3. The inhibitor of the TGF-β/Smad signal, SB431542, not only completely inhibited HS-stimulated TGF-β3-mediated Smad2/3 phosphorylation but also completely inhibited the effects of HS on TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation. These results demonstrate exogenous HS enhances TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs by activating TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heparan sulfate (HS) interacts with growth factors and has been implicated in regulating chondrogenesis. However, the effect of HS on TGF-β-mediated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis and molecular mechanisms remains unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of exogenous HS alone and in combination with TGF-β3 on chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs and possible signal mechanisms. The results indicated that HS alone had no obvious effects on chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signal pathways. However, the combined TGF-β3/HS treatment resulted in a significant increase in GAG synthesis, cartilage matrix protein secretion, and cartilage-specific gene expression compared to cells treated with TGF-β3 alone. Furthermore, HS inhibited type III TGF-β receptors (TβRIII) expression and increased TGF-β3-mediated ratio of the type II (TβRII) to the type I (TβRI) TGF-β receptors and phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3. The inhibitor of the TGF-β/Smad signal, SB431542, not only completely inhibited HS-stimulated TGF-β3-mediated Smad2/3 phosphorylation but also completely inhibited the effects of HS on TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation. These results demonstrate exogenous HS enhances TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs by activating TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water vapor plays a crucial role in atmospheric processes that act over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, from global climate to micrometeorology. The determination of water vapor distribution in the atmosphere and its changing pattern is very important. Although atmospheric scientists have developed a variety of means to measure precipitable water vapor (PWV) using remote sensing data that have been widely used, there are some limitations in using one kind satellite measurements for PWV retrieval over land. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for retrieving PWV over land by combining different kinds of remote sensing data and it would work well under the cloud weather conditions. The PWV retrieval algorithm based on near infrared data is more suitable to clear sky conditions with high precision. The 23.5 GHz microwave remote sensing data is sensitive to water vapor and powerful in cloud-covered areas because of its longer wavelengths that permit viewing into and through the atmosphere. Therefore, the PWV retrieval results from near infrared data and the indices combined by microwave bands remote sensing data which are sensitive to water vapor will be regressed to generate the equation for PWV retrieval under cloud covered areas. The algorithm developed in this paper has the potential to detect PWV under all weather conditions and makes an excellent complement to PWV retrieved by near infrared data. Different types of surface exert different depolarization effects on surface emissions, which would increase the complexity of the algorithm. In this paper, MODIS surface classification data was used to consider this influence. Compared with the GPS results, the root mean square error of our algorithm is 8 mm for cloud covered area. Regional consistency was found between the results from MODIS and our algorithm. Our algorithm can yield reasonable results on the surfaces covered by cloud where MODIS cannot be used to retrieve PWV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feather-like Cd-doped CuO nanostructures were fabricated by a one-step hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) demonstrated that Cd 2+ entered the crystal lattice of CuO and substituted Cu 2+ without destroying crystal structures to form feather-like CuO nanostructures. The optical property of Cd-doped CuO was investigated by using UV–vis spectrophotometer. A slight blue-shift of optical band gap was observed because of quantum confinement effect. The doped samples exhibited obviously higher absorbance in UV light region and better photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of methyl blue than the pure CuO nanosheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micrometer-sized ZnO spheres with average diameter about 2 μm were prepared through a facile template-free hydrothermal method. Their structures and morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD result indicates that the sample is pure hexagonal ZnO with a crystalline zincite structure. The FESEM images confirmed that the samples were monodisperse ZnO microspheres. Optical properties have been investigated by using UV–vis absorption spectrum and photoluminescence measurement. The UV–vis absorption spectrum displays an obvious and significant absorption at wavelength less than 400 nm. Photoluminescence measurement was tested at excitation wavelength of 325 nm. From the luminescence spectrum, we can observe that the ZnO microspheres show strong emission feature at 400 nm and a blue emission at 461 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flowerlike CuO structures were synthesized by a simple chemical method. These 3D structures are formed by self-assembly growth of smaller nanosheets as basic building units. Their crystalline phase, morphology, and optical properties were characterized by XRD, field-emission SEM, and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The effect of annealing on the morphology and properties of nanostructured Cu(OH)2/CuO was also investigated. The obtained CuO nanosheets with highly energetic (111) facets have excellent capacity for absorbing visible light, and their band-gap energies, which were evaluated from the UV/Vis spectrum, range from 1.33 to 1.70 eV. Hence, their photocatalytic performance in the degradation of methyl blue (MB) was evaluated, and the highest photocatalytic degree of degradation of MB was 93.3 %. Further, the growth mechanism of the transformation from Cu(OH)2 nanowires (or nanoscrolls) to 3D CuO structures is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a simple electrochemical etching and a subsequent heat treatment to synthesize nanowire-like CuO thin films with pure phase at room temperature. The reaction media has great effect on microstructure of products to significantly improve optical and photocatalytic activities of materials. Detailed characterizations of the synthesized nanomaterials are performed utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to study their crystalline phase and morphology. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows a main emission peak and a blue emission band whose centers are located at 352 nm and 463 nm, respectively. Photocatalytic study demonstrated the degradation of methylene blue (MB) can reach 95.6% after 210 min irradiation, showing its potential application in waste water treatment. A plausible growth mechanism for the transformation is also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical CuO microspheres have been successfully synthesized by chemical bath deposition, during which Cu(OH) 2 nanorobs firstly transform into CuO nanosheets and then these nanosheets spontaneously self-assemble to form CuO microspheres. Detailed characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials was performed utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV–Vis absorption spectra to study their crystalline phase, morphology and optical property. Additionally, photocatalytic performance of Cu(OH) 2 /CuO composite and pure CuO nanostructures was evaluated. Optical gaps of them are 2.75 eV and 1.33 eV respectively, showing a significant enhancement in the photocatalytic property in comparison with commercial CuO as demonstrated in photodegradation of methyl blue (MB). A growth mechanism for the formation of CuO nanostructure was also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO nanosheets were prepared by electrochemical deposition method at 80 °C on seeded Indium Tin Oxide conducting glass substrates. The seed layer was coated on ITO by spin coating and annealed at 350 °C for 30 min prior to electrochemical deposition growth. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images confirmed that the ZnO nanosheets consist of polycrystalline structures. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra (PL) of the ZnO nanosheets exhibited band-edge ultraviolet (UV) and visible emission (blue) indicating the ZnO nanosheets had excellent optical properties. The UV–Vis absorption spectrum of ZnO nanosheets was shown a strong absorption at 300 nm. The ZnO nanosheets structure demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity during degradation of aqueous methylene blue under visible-light irradiation. Moreover, the growth mechanism of the ZnO nanosheets had been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uniform and regular hierarchical flower-like ZnO nanostructures assembled by nanosheets have been controllably synthesized by a facile and efficient solution route on a large scale without using any templates, substrate or seed layers. The results of the experiment indicated that reaction temperature, time and the molar ratio of Zn 2+ /OH − had a strong influence on the formation of the hierarchical flower-like ZnO nanostructures. ZnO with flower-like nanostructures can be controllable synthesized with appropriate temperature, time and the molar ratio of Zn 2+ /OH − . The optical properties of the as-synthesized ZnO were investigated by UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence. Consequently, the value of the band gap for this kind of ZnO crystals was calculated to be 3.26 eV and the ZnO nanostructures possess a relatively strong UV emission, violet emission and a blue emission. Moreover, The ZnO may be tempting for further application such as photocatalyst, gas sensors and UV lasers. The facile and efficient solution route has high potentials to synthesize ZnO crystals on a large scale for industry application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, flower-like CdS structures have been prepared by a hydrothermal method with SDBS as surfactant. The influences of different experimental conditions on the morphologies, UV-Vis and fluorescence properties of CdS have been investigated. The performances of CdS have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and room-temperature photoluminescence (PL). The XRD result indicates that the flower-like CdS structures are of hexagonal phase. The FESEM results indicate that the main role of SDBS is to make the CdS crystals assemble together to form the flower-like structures. The UV-Vis results show CdS has a strong absorption in the ultraviolet region and visible-light region. The PL results show CdS has two emission peaks, respectively at 461 nm and 553 nm. The growth mechanism for the formation of flower-like CdS structures is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon modified TiO 2 nanotube was successfully synthesized via anodic oxidation method and its photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photodegrading methylene blue. The full width at half maximum of carbon modified TiO 2 nanotube is smaller than that of pristine TiO 2 nanotube, indicating the fact that carbon modifying leads to the increase of TiO 2 crystallinity. TiO 2 nanotube modified by carbon has a great enhancement on visible light absorption while contrasting with the pristine TiO 2 nanotube. A tentative mechanism for the enhancement of sunlight absorption is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the flower-like CdS have been prepared by hydrothermal method with thiourea as sulfur source and SDBS as surfactant. The effects of different experimental conditions on the morphology of CdS have been investigated. The performances of CdS have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), room temperature photoluminescence (PL) and UV–vis. The result of XRD indicates that CdS we prepared are highly crystallized, which are of hexagonal phase. The FE-SEM results indicate that the main role of SDBS is to make the CdS crystals assemble together to form the flower-like structures, and the reaction time affects the morphology of CdS, and the suitable reaction temperature is 160 °C. Its optical energy band gap is observed at 2.50 eV. The fluorescence spectrum shows that the flower-like CdS have a broad absorption peak and the max emission wavelength is 508.6 nm. The growth mechanism for the formation of CdS with flower-like structures is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radial-like ZnO structures were prepared using zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O) and zinc acetate [Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O] as zinc sources by a facile template-free hydrothermal method in this paper. Structural and optical properties of radial-like ZnO structures are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer and photoluminescence measurement (PL). It has been found that the distinct surface morphologies of radial-like ZnO structures grown by different zinc sources. Slim radial-like ZnO with a hexagonal wurtzite structure is grown by using ZnSO4·7H2O as zinc sources, whereas coarse radial-like ZnO with zincite structure is achieved by zinc acetate. The UV-vis absorption spectra of them both display an obvious and significant absorption in the ultraviolet region. The room temperature PL spectra of ZnO structures grown by two different zinc sources possess a common feature that consists of a strong ultraviolet (UV) peak and visible emission band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with visible/infrared sensors, satellite data-based passive microwave radiometers could provide a more feasible method for retrieving precipitable water vapor (PWV). This paper presents a scheme that retrieves PWV over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using satellite radiometer measurements from advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR-E). For bare surfaces, the polarization difference ratio (PDR_WV) obtained from 23. 8 and 18. 7 GHz was found to be sensitive to PWV. For the surface covered by vegetation, surface emissivity was retrieved by AMSR-E with the help of the MODIS atmospheric profile product. Through analyzing the statistical relationship of emissivity polarization difference, an algorithm for retrieving PWV was built. Compared with the GPS results, the root mean square error of our algorithm is 7. 4 mm. Regional consistency was found between the results from MODIS and our algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, dendritic-like CdS has been prepared by a hydrothermal method using thiourea as the sulfur source, and the effects of experimental conditions on the morphologies of CdS have been investigated. The performances of CdS have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and the fluorescence and photodegradation properties of CdS have also been investigated. The XRD result indicates that the dendritic-like CdS are of hexagonal phase and they are highly crystallized. Also, the FESEM results show that the ratio of raw material affects the yield of CdS, the reaction time affects the morphology of CdS. The best morphology of CdS is dendritic structures and the length is about 6 μm. The fluorescence spectrum shows three peaks at 470 nm, 513 nm and 547 nm, which indicates that the dendritic-like CdS mainly emits green and blue fluorescence. Moreover, the dendritic-like CdS exhibits good photocatalytic activity and its photodegradation rate to methylene blue can reach 92%. The growth mechanism for the formation of CdS with dendritic structure is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large scale of ZnO seed layers were grown on the ITO glass substrate by an electrodeposition method, after that, a hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanocrystals on the seeded substrate was performed. The obtained nanocrystals were characterized by FESEM, XRD, PL and photocatalytic test. The FESEM images indicate that the ZnO nanocrystals grown on ZnO-seed-coated substrate are flower-shaped. All the ZnO nanocrystal has a very good crystallinity with hexagonal wurtzite structure. We found that the preparation of the structure and morphology of ZnO nanocrystal can be controlled by changing the preparation parameters. While the hydrothermal temperature is the main factor that controls the morphology of nanocrystal, the hydrothermal time, the concentration of the solution also have an effect on the morphology. Its photo-degradation rate of methylene blue can reach 91% which is almost 1.5 times than the ZnO powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we prepared titania nanotubes which was doped with erbium ions in ethylene glycol organic electrolyte through ions doping method. We found that the unit cell's parameters of the titania nanotubes increased when the titania nanotubes was doped with erbium ions. The Er 3+ doped titania nanotubes has a strong absorption ability of infrared light, and the doping Er 3+ has a characteristic peak when the wave number is 2341 cm −1 . When the concentration of the doping Er 3+ is 2.61 mmol/L, the titania nanotubes’ photo-degradation rate of the methylene blue can be reached to 95.2% which is larger than the titania nanotubes without doping with erbium ions. So, the titania nanotubes doped with Er 3+ is extremely suitable for using as photocatalytic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we demonstrated large-scale ZnO/Er 2 O 3 core–shell nanorod arrays, which were successfully synthesized by a facile and simple electrodeposition method. The effect of varying the amount of Er 2 O 3 in the range from 0.2 g to 1.0 g on morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays has been thoroughly investigated. The results indicate that the growth pattern of all the ZnO/Er 2 O 3 shell–core nanorod arrays were along c -axis and perpendicular to the substrate as before, even more vertical. Photoluminescence measurement was carried out and the PL peaks at 382 nm, 438 nm and 462 nm were observed, which are considered to be due to free excitons and donor-bound excitons, respectively. The ZnO/Er 2 O 3 core–shell nanorods exhibited improved optical property, which can be attributed to the enhanced donor density by the covered Er 2 O 3 . Finally, a possible growth mechanism of the ZnO nanostructures is discussed. The electrochemical deposition of ZnO/Er 2 O 3 core–shell nanorod arrays including two stages, namely nucleation and growth process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoclinic nanostructured CuO films with star-like morphology on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates were successfully synthesized by electrodeposition method in acidic solution with the pH of 5.7. The as-synthesized films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–vis. The influence of different electrodeposition parameters and annealing temperature on the growth of CuO films were investigated. The results showed that the nanostructured CuO film was well-crystallized and electrodeposition voltage is the main factor to control its morphology. Moreover, good photocatalytic activity was exhibited and photo-degradation rate to methylene blue can reach 95%. Its optical energy band gap is 3.3 eV. The plausible growth mechanism for the formation of CuO film with star-like structure is also proposed for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of calcium sulfate whiskers were prepared successfully using carbide slag as raw material through hydrothermal method. The prepared gypsum observed is hemihydrate calcium sulfate and the formation of the calcium sulfate whiskers are influenced by preparation parameters. The optimal preparation conditions are as follows: seriflux concentration, 4 %; hydrothermal reaction time, 10 h; hydrothermal reaction temperature, 130°C; seriflux pH, 7; calcium-magnesium ratio, 12 : 1. Some nanowires appear when seriflux pH is very low (e.g. 1). The length-diameter ratio of the whiskers is about 60-80. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Reactant concentration is the main factor to control the morphology of CuO nanostructure. [•] Both hydrothermal temperature and time have great influence on the crystallinity of CuO nanocrystals. [•] The growth mechanism for the formation of CuO nanostructure is reasonable and its schematic representation is clear and concise. [•] The photo-degradation rate of methylene blue with CuO nanoparticles can reach 92.1% which is almost two times than that of CuO powder with general size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

aims to explore the ability of betahistine to inhibit weight gain and abnormal lipid metabolism in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: A comparison study of betahistine or placebo therapy was conducted for 4 weeks in 94 patients with chronic schizophrenia, who were randomly divided into two groups. Clinical information and lipid metabolic parameters were collected. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychiatric symptoms. Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) was used to evaluate treatment-related adverse reactions. The differences in lipid metabolic parameters before and after treatment between the two groups were compared. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that after 4 weeks of betahistine/placebo treatment, the interaction effect of time and group was statistically significant on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (F = 6.453, p = 0.013) and waist-to-hip ratio (F = 4.473, p = 0.037), but did not reveal any significant interaction effect of time and group on weight, body mass index or other lipid metabolic parameters, as well as the time main effect and group main effect (all p > 0.05). Betahistine had no significant impact on PANSS, and no side effects related to betahistine were detected. Conclusion: Betahistine may delay metabolic abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia. It does not affect the efficacy of the original antipsychotics. Thus, it provides new ideas for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To monitor the changes of group chlorophyll for field plants, in this paper, a real-time monitoring system was developed based on Vis/NIR (visible and near-infrared) reflected spectroscopy using a nondestructive method. Reflectance at 700 nm was found to be a very sensitive indicator of chlorophyll concentration, but reflectance of wavelengths at a near infrared band was not. Calculating the reflectance properties of wavelengths at 700 nm and 830 nm can represent chlorophyll values in green leaves. To obtain physiological information of a plant from remote and different fields, a wireless sensor network (WSN) was set up using a ZigBee protocol in the system, in which the terminal device consisted of an optical unit, C8051F020 micro controller unit, WSN node, and a temperature and humidity sensor. The terminal device could obtain the signals of an incident and reflected light from the plant canopy at 700 and 830 nm which were transmitted to the coordinator. Then the coordinator sent the signals to the user center to be calculated and stored. Also, the data of temperature and humidity was sent to the user monitoring center at the same time. The performance of the system was investigated in a tall fescue lawn, and a total of 124 samples were measured in the experiments. They were divided into a training set and a test set. Thirty-six samples were selected as the training set to establish the quantitative analytical model for the experiment. The results showed a good correlation (the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.919 and the standard deviation was 9.26958) between the group chlorophyll index determined by the standard instrument (FieldScout CM-1000 handheld chlorophyll meter) and the absorbance values at the two wavelengths. Based on the model established using a linear prediction equation, we calculated the group chlorophyll value for the test set samples. Promising results were obtained for the predicted values of group chlorophyll for the test samples, with R2 =0.913 for the test set. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the system for showing the stability was less than 1.82%. We found that the changing solar altitude did not affect system measurement during our experiments. The results suggested that this system could be used for accurate measurement and real-time monitoring of the group chlorophyll in a natural light condition, which would provide a theoretical and practical basis for the automatic nondestructive testing technology of precision agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] ZnO micro and nanostructures were successively prepared under a certain pH value. [•] ZnO were prepared at the temperature of 180°C by hydrothermal growth. [•] ZnO were flower-like and cabbage-like micro and nanostructures. [•] Measurement of the ZnO showed that all products showed similar emission peaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PbS nano-microcrystals were prepared from Pb(OAc)2·3H2O and sulfur in a solution without any surfactant using the solvothermal process. Different morphologies, mainly including polyhedron microcrystals and sphere-like assemblies, were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). PbS nano-microcrystals with cubic crystal structure were detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction (ED) and high resolution transmission electron micrograph (HRTEM) techniques. The optical properties were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The UV-vis absorption peaks of PbS exhibited a large blue-shift and the PL spectra had a strong and broad emission bands centered at 408 nm. The crystal growth mechanism of PbS was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinking and horizontal movements are necessary parameters for assessing the potential impacts of surface subsidence in mining activities. Based on similarity criteria, the surface subsidence mechanism was studied using a physical model composed of similar materials such as sand, cement, and gypsum. With constant field geological parameters maintained in two angles of a coal seam, models of roof subsidence of composite rock were compared for different mining configurations. In accordance with observations from the physical model, it was concluded that subsidence and horizontal movement of strata near to and far from the coal seams were different and divided into five zones. The zone above a mined-out area underwent greater total subsidence compared to unexploited regions on both sides. Correlations between a subsidence curve and the height of a caving zone and the mining dip angle were obtained and verified from numerical model results. According to the roof's position relative to the goaf, the area above the goaf of the composite rock layer was divided into three regions: a curving zone, a water-conducting fracture zone, and a falling zone, to which the subsidence and movement characteristics of each area could be proposed. Compared with the subsidence and movement characteristics observed from the physical and numerical model, the acquisition of subsidence characteristics and parameters in different areas can provide an idea for improvement, innovation or proposal of a theoretical formula for subsidence prediction of composite rock formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau plays a very important role in studying severe weather in China and around the globe because of its unique characteristics. Moreover, the surface emissivities of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are also important for retrieving surface and atmospheric parameters. In the current study, a retrieval algorithm was developed to retrieve the surface emissivities of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The developed algorithm was derived from the radiative transfer model and was first validated using simulated data from a one-dimensional microwave simulator. The simulated results show good precision. Then, the surface emissivities of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were retrieved using brightness temperatures from the advanced microwave-scanning radiometer and atmospheric profile data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer. Finally, the features of the time and space distribution of the retrieved results were analyzed. In terms of spatial characteristics, a spatial distribution consistency was found between the retrieved results and surface coverage types of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In terms of time characteristics, the changes in emissivity, which were within 0.01 for every day, were not evident within a one-month time scale. In addition, surface emissivities are sensitive to rainfall. The reasonability of the retrieved results indicates that the algorithm is feasible. A time-series surface emissivity database on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can be built using the developed algorithm, and then other surface or atmospheric parameters would have high retrieval precision to support related geological research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The TiO2/Eu2O3 composite film was prepared by using a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The experimental results showed that the photo-catalytic performance of the TiO2/Eu2O3 composite film exhibited twice higher than that of the film without Eu2O3 additive. The reason was that the ion Eu3+ in Eu2O3 had an incomplete 4f orbital track and an empty 5d orbital track, which tended to produce multi-electron configuration, and therefore could effectively inhibit the recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. In addition, the ground-state energy was close to the excited-state energy in the ion Eu3+, which enhanced the transition of f-electron from the ground-state to the excited-state under the visible light irradiation, and then exhibited a higher absorption in the visible light range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article introduces a novel and valid process for preparing a high concentration substitutional N-doped TiO2 photocatalytic film, i.e. firstly the titanium substrate was plasma nitrided and then the N-doped TiO2 was synthesized on the surface of nitrided titanium by using micro-arc oxidation. Compared with the traditional thermal annealing, the present process provides a possibility to increase the nitrogen doping concentration up to 3.21 at.% and x to 0.11 in TiO2- xN x, which exhibits a significant red-shift in the band-gap transition, narrow band gap to 2.6 eV, higher photo-generated charge carrier density and improved photocatalytic property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A large number of zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-needles were synthesized by thermal oxidation of pure zinc. The surfaces of ZnO nano-needles were coated with a layer of Ag by pulse electro-deposition technique. The uncoated and coated ZnO nano-needles were characterized by using the X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the uncoated samples were close-packed hexagonal structure, which showed needle-like morphology. Their average diameter is about 40nm, lengths up to 5μm. At the same time we observed that the prepared ZnO nano-needles have been coated with Ag successfully. The photoluminescence spectrums of ZnO nano-needles with Ag-coated and uncoated were analyzed, finding that the uncoated ZnO nano-needles have two fluorescence peaks at 388nm and 470.8nm, respectively, the relative intensity of 143.4 and 93.61; and the Ag-coated ZnO nano-needles showed a pair of strong peaks at 387.4nm and 405.2nm, the relative intensity of 1366 and 1305, respectively, indicating that the Ag-coated ZnO nano-needles can increase the absorption of UV light. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Microwave radiometers have many applications because of their penetration ability. However, two major problems remain that obstruct the development of microwave research. One factor that limits their commercial application is the relatively low resolution of microwave radiometers. The other is the non-uniform spatial resolution for each frequency of the radiometer. The resolution mismatch becomes a critical consideration when observations at two or more frequencies must be combined. In this paper, we have used the Backus-Gilbert method to solve these two problems, while AMSR-E is chosen as the research object. First, we derived the Backus-Gilbert method in detail. The simulated data were then used to decide the optimum parameters in the Backus-Gilbert method. To enhance the resolution, the Backus-Gilbert method has been applied to the AMSR-E data, which covered the Mexico Gulf and the Amazon River. After resolution was enhanced, detailed information was obtained and compared with visible high resolution data. To match the resolution, the AMSR-E data from the Oklahoma Little Washed were used to compute the Microwave Vegetation Index (MVI), which was developed by J. C. Shi. Compared to the original MVIs, the information contained in the MVIs that were processed by the Backus-Gilbert method is more reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the use of the tubular elastic net bandage for penile dressing in surgical repair of pediatric hypospadias. The tubular elastic net bandages were used in 126 hypospadiac boys after corrective operations. The penis was wrapped with a silicone mesh netting. Then, the tubular elastic net bandage was put around the penis over the silicone netting. The bandage proved to be well tolerated and effective. After a catheter was removed, a patient could void with the dressing on the penis. The bandage did not need to be changed due to becoming wet during voiding. The tubular elastic net bandage is a very useful dressing for surgical repair of pediatric hypospadias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China, the land of passions, is becoming a hot spot for Chinese overseas scholars to set up their own endeavors. Some experts estimate that in the next few years, the enterprise groups set up by overseas scholars will become the growth points for promoting regional economies and social development as well as powerful emissions sources of domestic talent and technology. A returnee enterprise is also a big magnetic field that serves to collect talent. One of the main characteristics of enterprise pioneering by returnees is joining hands and working together to realize their objectives. The returnees' pioneering efforts have also shown people in China modern management and modern concepts.

Background The associations of age at orthostatic hypotension onset with incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and dementia remain unknown. This study aimed to examine whether younger onset age of orthostatic hypotension was associated with higher risks of incident MI, stroke, and dementia. Methods Data were obtained from the UK Biobank. Information on the diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension, MI, stroke, and dementia was collected at baseline (2006–2010) and follow-ups (median = 13 years). The propensity score matching method and the Cox proportional hazard models were employed. Results A total of 448 374 adults (mean age: 56.8 ± 8.1 years), of whom 3 795 had orthostatic hypotension, were included. orthostatic hypotension patients exhibited higher risks of developing MI, stroke, and dementia than non-orthostatic hypotension participants. Importantly, among orthostatic hypotension patients, younger onset age (per 10-year decrement) was significantly associated with high risks of MI (HR = 3.15, 95% CI: 2.54–3.90, p  < .001), stroke (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.33–2.23, p  < .001), and dementia (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02–1.57, p  = .034). After propensity score matching, orthostatic hypotension patients had significantly higher risks of MI, stroke, and dementia than matched controls among all onset age groups, and the HRs gradually increased with descending onset age. Conclusions Younger onset age of orthostatic hypotension was associated with higher risks of incident MI, stroke, and dementia, underscoring the necessity to pay additional attention to the cardiovascular health and neurocognitive status of individuals diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension at younger ages to attenuate subsequent risks of incident cardiovascular diseases and dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]