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[Purpose/Significance] The huge economic benefits of Bt insect resistant genes have attracted great attention of relevant research institutions and enterprises at home and abroad, and these genes and technologies are transformed into their own exclusive rights by using intellectual property rights. Through statistical analysis of Bt insect resistant gene patents collected in 126 countries and regions around the world, this paper provides a reference for China in the development and industrial application of Bt insect resistant genes. [Method/Process] Based on the Global Patent Database of Smart Bud (PatSnap), the title, abstract and claim of the patent were taken as the focus of the search, and the patent analysis method was used to statistically analyze the Bt insect-resistant transgenic patents collected in the past 30 years since 1992. In the process of Bt anti-insect gene research, a large number of patent data were produced. After data cleaning, the "Bt strain", "detection method", "Bt insecticidal reagent" and other patents unrelated to the anti-insect gene were eliminated, and 2,988 patents were obtained, all of which were invention patents. The research status, research hotspots and development trends of global Bt pest resistance genes were studied from the aspects of total patent applications and trend, gene family classification, national/regional distribution, key technology fields, technology flow, institutional competitiveness, patent legalization status, and compound trait patents. [Results/Conclusions] Results show that the global Bt insect-resistant gene technology patent research and development trends, research hotspots and distribution technology gradually remain stable, the trend of patent application and disclosure in China is growing at the same time as that in the world. China's patent applications account for an increasing proportion of the global patent applications. But compared with international patent quality, there is still a gap between China and other countries. Multinational companies are the main body of Bt pest resistance gene market competition, and Chinese applicants are mainly scientific research institutions and universities. The cry1 family is the main target of Bt pest resistance gene patent application. The crystallized protein of Bacillus is a hot topic at present. The United States is the exporting country of Bt insect-resistant gene technology, while China is still in the stage of technology input. The patent failure rate of Bt insect resistance gene is much lower than the average level in this field. There is great potential in the study of fusion genes and gene superposition composite traits. Finally, the development prospects of Bt insect resistance gene technology in China were discussed.

Objectives Household consumption significantly affects the quality of life and successful aging of older adults. However, prior research has often overlooked the connection between household consumption and long-term care insurance (LTCI). This study aims to investigate the influence of LTCI on consumption patterns within older Chinese households. Methods We used harmonized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and merged it with data from cities that implemented LTCI in China. We analyzed a total of 6,494 households consisting of individuals who were 60 years of age or older. To ensure accurate and stable research findings, we employed a series of difference-in-differences models. Results We found that LTCI has a significant impact on consumption levels, including total and per capita consumption within older households. Furthermore, our research demonstrates that LTCI significantly enhances enjoyable consumption across the consumption types. Through a heterogeneous analysis, it is shown that LTCI has a unique effect on both the total and enjoyable consumption of urban older households and also promotes comprehensive consumption improvements in older rural and disabled households. Discussion These findings highlight the crucial role of LTCI in improving the financial security and well-being of older households. They also have considerable policy implications for dealing with the challenges of an aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to cope with the grid fluctuation caused by large‐scale wind power connected to the grid, the wind thermal power generation system has been proposed and extensively studied. The wind thermal power generation system uses a wind turbine to drive a heat generation device to heat the heat storage medium, which is further exchanged to drive a turbine to generate electricity. A superconducting magnetic eddy current heater (SMH) is proposed for the characteristics of wind thermal power generation system, which uses non‐resistive, large current‐carrying superconducting coils for excitation, and has high output efficiency and power density. The working principle of magnetic eddy current heating is analysed, and the structure of SMH with no ferromagnetic material and two heating screens inside and outside is proposed according to the characteristics of SMH. An analytical model of the SMH is established, and the influence of the structure and materials of the SMH on the magnetic field distribution is analysed. Based on this, a 22‐pole SMH was designed and analysed for output power at 10–20 rpm. A three‐dimensional magnetism‐stress combined analysis model of SMH is established, and the strain and stress characteristics of SMH are simulated under the condition of maximum output power, which verifies the feasibility of the mechanical properties of existing superconducting materials for application in SMH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]