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The throttling process, as an important part of the heat pump system, plays a crucial role in the efficient and reliable operation of the whole system. This paper, taking the quasi two-stage compression high-temperature heat pump with green refrigerant HP-1 as the research subject, established the mathematical models of the circulatory system and electronic expansion valve by using MATLAB and considering the influence of the opening of electronic expansion valve and thermodynamic properties of the new green refrigerant. It simulated the matching characteristics of electronic expansion valve opening and flow rate under variable operating conditions, and fitted the HP-1 dimensionless flow coefficient correlation by power-law distribution using experimental data. The research results show that the electronic expansion valve with an elliptical conical body structure adapts to the throttling characteristics of the HP-1 high-temperature heat pump system under variable operating conditions. When the evaporating temperature varies from 50 ℃ to 90 ℃ and the condensing temperature varies from 60 ℃ to 120 ℃, the opening adjustment range of this type of valve body is from 49.8% to 69.8% for the main throttle valve, and from 41.5% to 56.0% for the injection throttle valve. The relative deviation of the fitted correlation results and the actual test data is between -7.8% and +7.5%, and the flow coefficient correlation can accurately predict the flow characteristics of the electronic expansion valve with a similar body structure. The selection of favorable electronic expansion valve matching refrigerant properties and the optimization of the electronic expansion valve control system are essential for the actual operating performance. This study provides a good research foundation for the selection of electronic expansion valves and the optimization of the control system for the HP-1 high temperature heat pump.

Word segmentation is a critical task in natural language processing for southeast Asian Abugida languages, including Thai, Burmese, and Khmer. Existing approaches demonstrate that models using fixed-length windowed context inputs can achieve high segmentation accuracy; however, they often rely on low-level character features or language-specific preprocessing. Character-based methods can limit feature learning, while language-specific features add complexity due to specialized preprocessing requirements. This paper introduces UnifiedCut, which is a neural model that leverages multiple n-grams within a windowed multi-head attention mechanism. This design captures segmentation features from local contexts and multi-perspective n-gram inputs, enhancing generalization and recall, particularly for out-of-vocabulary words. Compared to CNN- and RNN-based approaches, UnifiedCut's multi-head attention enables finer-grained feature extraction and greater parallelism, resulting in a faster, more scalable solution. Comprehensive experiments on public datasets for Thai, Burmese, and Khmer show that UnifiedCutachieves state-of-the-art performance in word segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a critical enzyme within the plant antioxidant defense system, serves as the primary shield against reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adverse environmental conditions. However, the characterization of GbSODs in ginkgo remains incomplete. In our study, a total of eight GbSODs were identified, which were unevenly distributed across 10 chromosomes and predominantly localized on the plasma membrane. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that GbSODs from ginkgo and other species form three distinct groups, each characterized by specific binding domains and supported by relatively high bootstrap values. Our promoter analysis indicated that all GbSODs contained multiple cis-elements related to various abiotic stress responses. Our systemic analysis revealed that only one pair of GbSODs underwent segmental duplications. The transcriptome analysis showed the variable expression of GbSODs across different tissues, which were significantly influenced by drought, ultraviolet (UV), and salt stress, with GbSOD8 showing a particularly notable induction. Transgenic plants that overexpressed GbSOD8 exhibited enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, elevated proline levels, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, collectively contributing to their improved salt tolerance compared to wild-type plants. Our findings expand the comprehensive understanding of the GbSOD gene family and provide a solid foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of GbSODs under salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs mainly in the elderly population, and as medical advances and human lifespan grows, the impact of Alzheimer’s disease on the quality of human life is gradually expanding. This paper mainly discusses the Pathogenesis and the patients’ nursing issues of Alzheimer’s disease, hoping to help people understand more about the Alzheimer’s disease and get to grips with the treatment and care available to alleviate the impact of Alzheimer’s disease on patients’ life.

Aims: Motor abnormalities have been identified as one common symptom in patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) inspiring us to explore the disease in a motor execution condition, which might provide novel insight into the pathomechanism. Methods: Resting‐state and motor‐task fMRI data were collected from 50 patients with GTCS, including 18 patients newly diagnosed without antiepileptic drugs (ND_GTCS) and 32 patients receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs_GTCS). Motor activation and its association with head motion and cerebral gradients were assessed. Whole‐brain network connectivity across resting and motor states was further calculated and compared between groups. Results: All patients showed over‐activation in the postcentral gyrus and the ND_GTCS showed decreased activation in putamen. Specifically, activation maps of ND_GTCS showed an abnormal correlation with head motion and cerebral gradient. Moreover, we detected altered functional network connectivity in patients within states and across resting and motor states by using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. Patients did not show abnormal connectivity in the resting state, while distributed abnormal connectivity in the motor‐task state. Decreased across‐state network connectivity was also found in all patients. Conclusion: Convergent findings suggested the over‐response of activation and connection of the brain to motor execution in GTCS, providing new clues to uncover motor susceptibility underlying the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the process of peripheral nerve repair, there are many complex pathological and physiological changes, including multi-cellular responses and various signaling molecules, and all these events establish a dynamic microenvironment for axon repair, regeneration, and target tissue/organ reinnervation. The immune system plays an indispensable role in the process of nerve repair and function recovery. An effective immune response not only involves innate-immune and adaptive-immune cells but also consists of chemokines and cytokines released by these immune cells. The elucidation of the orchestrated interplay of immune cells with nerve regeneration and functional restoration is meaningful for the exploration of therapeutic strategies. This review mainly enumerates the general immune cell response to peripheral nerve injury and focuses on their contributions to functional recovery. The tissue engineering-mediated strategies to regulate macrophages and T cells through physical and biochemical factors combined with scaffolds are discussed. The dynamic immune responses during peripheral nerve repair and immune-cell-mediated tissue engineering methods are presented, which provide a new insight and inspiration for immunomodulatory therapies in peripheral nerve regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an extremely toxic pollutant, formaldehyde (HCHO) is a risk to human health. Catalytic oxidation with noble-metal-based catalysts is considered to be the most effective and promising strategy for HCHO removal at room temperature. Unfortunately, it usually exhibits high cost. In this review, we aim to establish comprehensive viewpoints for noble-metal-based catalysts including platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), and gold (Au) using in ambient-temperature HCHO oxidation. Because the catalytic performance highly depends on the metal particle size for supported catalysts, we summarize the recent significant progress focusing on metal species with dispersions from nanoparticles to subnanoclusters and single atoms, which can yield atomic-level insight and enhance the utilization efficiency of metal atoms. First, the impacts of the noble-metal species status as well as their support properties are summarized. Relative humidity as a critical impact factor for catalytic activity during HCHO oxidation is also discussed. Then, the reaction mechanisms in terms of typical intermediates and reaction pathways are demonstrated. Importantly, the emerging combination method of adsorption and oxidation for the tandem elimination of HCHO is briefly introduced and discussed. Finally, the perspective on the challenges and opportunities to design highly efficient but low-cost noble-metal-based catalysts is put forward in combination with the process optimization technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]